The roles of livestock in achieving the sustainable development goals
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Presented by Iain A Wright, Deputy Director General-Research (ILRI) at the 25 Anniversary Conference of the Ethiopian Society for Animal Production (ESAP), Haramaya, Ethiopia, 24–26 August 2017
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The roles of livestock in achieving the sustainable development goals
- 1. The roles of livestock in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Iain A Wright, Deputy Director General-Research ILRI 25th Anniversary Conference, Ethiopian Society for Animal Production Haramaya University 24–26 August 2017
- 3. Animal-source foods makeup 5of6ofthehighest value global commodities (total valueofthese5=US Int$715 billion) FAOSTAT 2015 (values for 2013) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 50 100 150 200 250 Production(MT)millions Netproductionvalue(Int$)billion net production value (Int $) billion production (MT) Cow milk has overtaken rice
- 4. 0 50 100 150 200 250 E.AsiaPacific China SouthAsia SSA Highincome % growth in demand for livestock products to 2030 2000–2030 0 50 100 150 200 250 E.AsiaPacific China SouthAsia SSA Highincome 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 E.AsiaPacific China SouthAsia SSA Highincome 0 50 100 150 200 250 E.AsiaPacific China SouthAsia SSA Highincome Estimates of the % growth in demand for animal source foods in different World regions, comparing 2005 and 2030. Estimates were developed using the IMPACT model, courtesy Dolapo Enahoro, ILRI. Beef Pork Poultry Milk
- 6. 17 goals
- 7. FOUR LIVESTOCK PATHWAYS FOR ACHIEVING ALL 17 SDGS
- 8. Livestock for inclusive and sustainable ECONOMIC GROWTH Livestock for EQUITABLE LIVELIHOODS Animal-source foods for BASIC NUTRITION AND HEALTH Livestock for SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS
- 10. Livestock and economies • The livestock sector contributes an average of 40% of the agricultural GDP of developing countries—and that percentage is growing • The market value of animal-source foods in Africa in 2050 is estimated at USD151 billion • Livestock value chains provide large numbers of jobs Herrero et al. 2014
- 11. Huge potential to increase productivity and income
- 12. Various sources: BMGF, FAO and ILRI Smallholders still dominate livestock production in many countries Region (definition of ‘smallholder’) % production by smallholder livestock farms Beef Chicken meat Sheep/goat meat Milk Pork Eggs East Africa (≤ 6 milking animals) 60-90 Bangladesh (< 3ha land) 65 77 78 65 77 India (< 2ha land) 75 92 92 69 71 Vietnam (small scale) 80 Philippines (backyard) 50 35
- 14. Livestock livelihoods • 70% of the world’s rural poor rely on livestock for important parts of their livelihoods. • Of the >600 million poor livestock keepers in the world, about two-thirds are rural women. • >100 million landless people keep livestock. • For the vulnerable, up to 40% of benefits from livestock keeping are non-market, intangible benefits, mostly insurance and financing. • In the poorest countries, livestock manure comprises over 70% of soil fertility amendments. • Many poor people are employed in local informal livestock product markets. • 90% of animal products are produced and consumed in the same country or region. • Over 70% of livestock products are sold ‘informally’.
- 15. PATHWAY 3: Nutrition and health
- 16. The nutritional divides among 7 billion people today chronic hunger inadequate diets overweight obese balanced diets Chronic disease likely to cost $35 trillion by 2030 11% of GNP lost annually in Africa and Asia from poor nutrition
- 17. Animal-source foods provide essential nutrients • Globally 13% of calories and 28% of protein • Vitamins e.g. B12 only available in animal-source foods • Minerals e.g. calcium, iron, zinc, iodine
- 18. Consuming just one egg a day for 6 months reduces stunting in children 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Control Egg Stunting-% Baseline 6 months (Iannotti et al. 2017)
- 19. Genetic improvement of native Horro chickens in DZARC, Ethiopia (joint EIAR/ILRI project)
- 20. Nutrition in the first 1000 days of life Nutritionists are generating growing evidence that it is impossible for babies to achieve adequate nutrition in the first 1000 days of life without animal-source foods.
- 22. The intensity of current greenhouse gas emissions generated in livestock production (Herrero et al., 2014)
- 23. Methane production falls as productivity increases
- 24. The potential of agricultural sub-sectors to store carbon by 2040 Source: Adapted from Thornton and Herrero, PNAS (2010)
- 25. IN SUMMARY
- 26. Sustainable livestock futures need sustainable investments Continuing to pay insufficient attention to this fastest growing agricultural sub-sector will thwart progress in achieving the SDGs Ways forward Continue to build the evidence base for the global livestock-for-development agenda Powerfully articulate the evidence Tailor different messages to suit different audiences Unite reliable data with strong narratives Create greater coordination within the sub-sector
- 27. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. better lives through livestock ilri.org ILRI thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions to the CGIAR system Thank you for contributing to
Editor's Notes
- There MUST be a CGIAR logo or a CRP logo. You can copy and paste the logo you need from the final slide of this presentation. Then you can delete that final slide To replace a photo above, copy and paste this link in your browser: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ilri/sets/72157632057087650/detail/ Find a photo you like and the right size, copy and paste it in the block above.
- FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E Values in 2013: Cow milk: $198 billion (international $) Rice: $190 billion Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
- FAO. 2011. Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030, by T.P. Robinson & F. Pozzi. Animal Production and Health Working Paper. No. 2. Rome. IMPACT results generally suggested smaller changes in demand compared to FAO. Among other drivers of the results, the observed differences may be related to the underlying assumptions on how future demand will respond to prices and incomes. FAO projections could for example be assuming big shifts to Chicken Meat consumption (e.g., from pork) as incomes grow in Asia. IMPACT makes the same assumption in terms of direction, but with the expected shifts a bit more dampened. High income countries include much of Europe. In fact, if one looks at individual European nations in many cases there is a DECLINE in demand (Switzerland for beef (-22%) and pork (-14%) for example)
- Business and livelihoods in African livestock. Investments to overcome information gaps. 2014. An output of the Livestock data innovation in Africa Project. Sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and jointly implemented by the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Livestock Research Institute and the African Union Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources. World Bank Report no. 86093-AFR. Grace et al., 2015, Technical item n° 1: Impact of (neglected) diseases on animal productivity and public health in Africa, 21st Conference of the Regional Commission for Africa of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Rabat (Morocco) 17 to 20 February 2015. http://www.rr-africa.oie.int/en/news/20150222.html Grace D, Bett B, Lindahl J, Robinson T. 2015. Climate and livestock disease: assessing the vulnerability of agricultural systems to livestock pests under climate change scenarios. CCAFS Working Paper no. 116. Copenhagen, Denmark. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org
- Vietnam Small Scale Farming with Low Biosecurity 1-2 sows, <20 pigs Small Scale Farming with Minimum Biosecurity 50-20 sow, <100 pigs Philippines Backyard - any farm or household raising at least one head of animal and does not qualify as a commercial farm. Commercial - if it satisfies at least one of the following conditions: a) at least 21 heads of adults and zero young b) at least 41 heads of young animals c) at least 10 heads of adults and 22 heads of young.
- HEALTHY FOOD FOR A HEALTHY WORLD: LEVERAGING AGRICULTURE AND FOOD TO IMPROVE GLOBAL NUTRITION A Report Issued by an Independent Advisory Group Douglas Bereuter and Dan Glickman, cochairs. April 2015. Sponsored by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. Animal-source foods are a big part of meeting global nutritional as well as food needs and demands. Of the world’s 7 billion people, only a small percentage are fed and nourished.
- Sub-saharan Africa is a global hotspot for emissions intensities, driven by low animal productivity and low quality feeds.
- Source of information: Thornton PK and Herrero M (2010) The potential for reduced methane and carbon dioxide emissions from livestock and pasture management in the tropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 19667-19672.