Covalent Bonds

1. Covalent
Bonds

2. Covalent Bonding
◦Bonding by sharing electrons to
achieve a full outer shell

3. •In covalent bonding, atoms still want
to achieve a noble gas configuration
(the octet rule).
•But rather than losing or gaining
electrons, atoms now share an electron
pair.
• The shared electron pair is called a
bonding pair

4. Cl2
Chlorine
forms
a
covalent
bond
with
itself

5. Cl
Cl
How
will
two
chlorine
atoms
react?

6. Cl
Cl
Each chlorine atom wants to
gain one electron to achieve an octet

7. Cl
Cl
Neither atom will give up an electron –
What’s the solution – what can they
do to achieve an octet?

8. Cl
Cl

9. Cl Cl

10. Cl Cl

11. Cl Cl

12. Cl Cl
octet

13. Cl Cl
circle the electrons for
each atom that completes
their octets
octet

14. Cl Cl
circle the electrons for
each atom that completes
their octets
The octet is achieved by
each atom sharing the
electron pair in the middle

15. Cl Cl
circle the electrons for
each atom that completes
their octets
The octet is achieved by
each atom sharing the
electron pair in the middle

16. Cl Cl
circle the electrons for
each atom that completes
their octets
This is the bonding pair

17. Cl Cl
circle the electrons for
each atom that completes
their octets
It is a single bonding pair
-The chorine atoms are sharing
one pair of electrons.

18. Cl Cl
circle the electrons for
each atom that completes
their octets
It is called a SINGLE BOND

19. Cl Cl
circle the electrons for
each atom that completes
their octets
Single bonds are abbreviated
with a dash

20. How will two oxygen atoms bond?
O
O

21. O
O
Each atom has two unpaired electrons

22. O
O

23. O
O

24. O
O

25. O
O

26. O
O

27. Both atoms want to gain two electrons.
O
O

28. O
O

29. O
O

30. O
O

31. O
O

32. O
O
•Both electron pairs are shared.

33. 6 valence electrons
plus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
O
O

34. 6 valence electrons
plus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
O
O

35. two bonding pairs,
O
O
making a double bond

36. O
O=
For convenience, the double bond
can be shown as two dashes.
O
O

37. Covalent Bonds
◦https://youtu.be/LkAykOv1foc