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1. completion sequance
- 1. Well completion In Field operations S e q u e n c e o f Eng. Elsayed Amer
- 2. 2 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 2 Well completion Schedule Well completion Sequences Well life Cycle and well handover Completion types and design criteria Well clean up and completion fluid switch over Perforation, Gamma ray CCL depth correlation Running completion string Running completion string Nipple Up X-mass tree Nipple Up X-mass tree
- 3. 3 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 3 Well completion Well Life Cycle General
- 4. 4 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 4 Well completion Wellhead flange welding Well Drilling • Surface Casing well be cut and leveled by cold cutter.
- 5. 5 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 5 Well completion Wellhead flange welding Well Drilling • Wellhead flange attached to the first cemented surface casing . • Flange is to be attached to the casing by welding, threaded or set screws.
- 6. 6 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 6 Well completion Wellhead flange welding Well Drilling
- 7. 7 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 7 Well completion Wellhead flange welding Well Drilling
- 8. 8 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 8 Well completion Nipple up BOP Well Drilling A S B P P • BOP is in place connected to surface casing. • Drilling operation is in progress.
- 9. 9 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 9 Well completion P/U & M/U CSG string Well Drilling ▪ Pull up casing pipes to rig floor ▪ Make-up string pipes together. ▪ RIH with casing string to require depth to cover the borehole.
- 10. 10 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 10 Well completion M/U CSG string Well Drilling Elevator Rotary Table Master Bushings Slips
- 11. 11 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 11 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Elevator Rotary Table Master Bushings M/U CSG string Well Drilling
- 12. 12 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 12 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Elevator Rotary Table Master Bushings M/U CSG string Well Drilling
- 13. 13 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 13 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Elevator Rotary Table Master Bushings M/U CSG string Well Drilling
- 14. 14 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 14 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Elevator Rotary Table Master Bushings M/U CSG string Well Drilling
- 15. 15 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 15 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Elevator Rotary Table Master Bushings M/U CSG string Well Drilling
- 16. 16 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 16 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Casing centralization Well Drilling
- 17. 17 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 17 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Casing in hole Well Drilling Surface casing
- 18. 18 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 18 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Elevator Rotary Table Master Bushings Connect cement head Well Drilling
- 19. 19 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 19 Well completion Hanger landing 9 5/8” Casing Well Drilling • Hanger landing. • Set Casing Hanger & space out. • Suspends intermediate or production casing string • Centers the casing string in the head (or spool) • Seals off the casing annulus
- 20. 20 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 20 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Cement pumping Well Drilling Elevator Cement Truck Cement Head
- 21. 21 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 21 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Cement pumping Well Drilling Elevator Cement Truck Cement Head
- 22. 22 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 22 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Elevator Cement Head Cement Truck Cement pumping Well Drilling
- 23. 23 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 23 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Cement pumping Well Drilling
- 24. 24 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 24 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Cement Integrity Well Drilling ▪ Cementing is the process of mixing and placing a cement slurry in the annular space between the casing and the borehole. Borehole Cement casing Borehole Open hole Cement Casing
- 25. 25 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 25 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Wait on cement Well Drilling WOC ▪ To suspend drilling operations while allowing Cement slurries to solidify, harden and develop compressive strength
- 26. 26 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 26 Well completion Casing 9 5/8” cementing Well Drilling • Carry out cementing job for the casing • Wait on cement.
- 27. 27 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 27 Well completion Cement bond log CBL Well Drilling ◉ Sonic Path in Cased Hole ◉ CBL measures casing to cement bond ◉ Bond logs are run to determine: 1. Cement to casing relationship 2. Cement to formation relationship 3. Evaluate cement conditions: • Channeling • Compromised cement (i.e. gas cut, dehydrated, etc.) • Cement stages • Cement top • Micro annulus
- 28. 28 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 28 Well completion Cement bond log CBL Well Drilling
- 29. 29 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 29 Well completion Cement bond log CBL Well Drilling
- 30. 30 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 30 Well completion Last well status Well Drilling ◉ BOP stack N/U on intermediate CSG ◉ Well is cased hole. ◉ Well is filled with Mud.
- 31. 31 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 31 Well completion 7” hole drilling Well Drilling 1. Mud pumping 2. Mud cleaning Mud return line
- 32. 32 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 32 Well completion Open hole logging Well Drilling A well log is the record of one or more physical measurements as a function of depth in a borehole. Well logs are recorded by instruments (sondes or tools) carrying sensors, which are lowered into a well bore by a cable (wire line logs) or directly connected to the drilling pipes (while drilling logs). ◉ Well logging
- 33. 33 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 33 Well completion Open hole logging Well Drilling 1. Open hole log 2. Cased hole log ◉ Well logging To estimate Hydrocarbon potential of a reservoir, we need to know : • Porosity • Permeability • Water Saturation
- 34. 34 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 34 Well completion Open hole logging Well Drilling Caliper Gamma ray Bulk Density +.25 -.25 0 Correction Grams/CC Grams/CC Hole diam. in inches Depths API units 6 16 10 0 3.0 2.0 2.5 Mud Wt. 10 lb/gal
- 35. 35 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 35 Well completion Seven layers of protections Well Drilling
- 36. 36 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 36 Well completion Seven layers of protections Well Drilling
- 37. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 37 Well completion Preparing well for completion W e l l c o m p l e t i o n 02 Eng.Elsayed Amer
- 38. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 38 Well completion Well Completion Completion cost Well Completion £ £ £ £ € € € € Completion fluid additives, completion liner and tubing wellhead equipment completion and perforating crews pumping equipment rentals completion costs generally fall in the range of $2.9 MM to $5.6 MM per well
- 39. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 39 Well completion Well Completion Well Handover Well Completion • Drilling Engineer handed over the well to Completion Engineer Handover
- 40. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 40 Well completion Well Completion Casing Program Well Completion
- 41. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 41 Well completion Well Completion Wellhead program Well Completion
- 42. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 42 Well completion Well Completion Completion operation Well Completion Well Completion ✘ The objective of a completion is to convey fluids from the reservoir to the surface, in a safe and efficient manner. Process include: ✘ The design, Selection and installation of tubular, tools and equipment, located in the wellbore, for the purpose of conveying, pumping or controlling production (or injection) fluids. ◈ Protect the Casing and Contain the Reservoir fluids
- 43. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 43 Well completion Well Completion Completion Design Well Completion
- 44. 44 Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 44 Well completion 7 Drilling Mud Casing Corrosion inhibitor Completion Fluid BOP X-mass tree Tubing Oil formation Oil formation Perforations Packer
- 45. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 45 Well completion Well Completion Wellbore CLEAN UP Well Completion • Run a bit and scraper to bottom to clean casing from mill scale and cement. ❑ A bit and scraper assembly to be RIH. • The purpose of this trip is to clean out any excess cement within the casing, and particularly to remove any cement that may be on the casing wall at the packer setting depth. CASING SCRAPER
- 46. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 46 Well completion Well Completion Wellbore CLEAN UP Well Completion
- 47. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 47 Well completion Well Completion Circulating the well bottom up Well Completion • The quality of the fluid used during a completion and workover operation should be guaranteed to avoid any problem during production phase. • Displace all drilling fluid with a completion fluid (brine) after cementing production casing or liner.
- 48. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 48 Well completion Well Completion Circulating the well bottom up Well Completion ❑ A clear, solids free fluid that is displaced into the hole prior to running the completion. ❑ They differ from normal drilling muds in minimizing the formation damage to the production zone but at the same time maintain circulating capacity and well control. ❑ Brine (salts: KCl, NaCl, MgCl2, CaBr2, ZnBr2, etc)
- 49. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 49 Well completion Well Completion Completion Fluids Well Completion ❑ The primary performance requirement for a completion fluid is hydrostatic pressure control. ❑ The density must be sufficient to produce a hydrostatic pressure in the wellbore to control formation pressures.
- 50. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 50 Well completion Well Completion Completion Fluids Well Completion • Completion Fluids functions ▪ Maintain over balance well control “ hydrostatic pressure”. ▪ Remove wellbore solids to surface. ▪ minimize formation damage.
- 51. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 51 Well completion Well Completion NTU measurement Well Completion
- 52. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 52 Well completion Well Completion NTU measurement Well Completion
- 53. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 53 Well completion Well Completion Clean-Out BHA Well Completion 1. 6’’ bit - DEA 2. 7’’ scraper – Baker Oiltools 3. 7’’ junk basket – Baker Oiltools 4. 7’’ string magnet – Baker Oiltools 5. 7’’ brushes – Baker Oiltools 6. 1 x 3 ½’’ DP – Rig 94 7. 7’’ Halliburton RTTS Test packer – Halliburton 8. Circ. Valve – Halliburton 9. 4 ¾’’ DC – Rig 94 10. X-O – BakerOiltools ?? / WOOD International ?? NC35 Pin x 4 ½’’ PH6 Box 11. 4 ½’’ PH6 Tbg. – Wood International 12. X-O – BakerOiltools ?? / WOOD International ?? 4 ½’’ PH6 Pin X 4 ½’’ IF Box
- 54. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 54 Well completion Well Completion Clean-Out BHA Well Completion Wellbore Cleanup BHA Description Conn. Up Conn. Dwn. O. D. I. D. Tool Length Top of Tool Bottom of Tool RIG Drill Pipes BH6 BH6 4 1/2'' 3 1/2'' 2692.75 0.62 2693.37 RIG Cross Over BH6 3 1/2'' IF P 1 2693.37 2694.37 BAKER Flex Sub 3 1/2'' IF B 3 1/2'' IF P 4 3/4'' 1 3/4'' 0.605 2694.37 2694.97 BAKER 9-5/8" Multi-Task Wellbore Filter 3 1/2'' IF B 3 1/2'' IF P 6'' 1 5/8'' 5.855 2694.97 2700.83 BAKER 9-5/8" Ultra-Clean Casing Brush 3 1/2'' IF B 3 1/2'' IF P 6''' 1 1/2'' 3.145 2700.83 2703.97 BAKER 9-5/8" Grabitz Magnet 3 1/2'' IF B 3 1/2'' IF P 6'' 2'' 3.544 2703.97 2707.52 BAKER 7'' Non Rotating Scrapper 3 1/2'' IF B 3 1/2'' IF P 6'' 1 5/8'' 3.145 2707.52 2710.66 BAKER Bit Sub 3 1/2'' IF B 3 1/2'' Reg. B 4 3/4'' 1 5/8'' 0.425 2710.66 2711.09 BAKER Junk Mill 3 1/2'' Reg / 5 7/8'' 1 1/2'' 0.915 2711.09 2712.00
- 55. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 55 Well completion Well Completion Circulating the well bottom up Well Completion ➢ RIH with string ➢ Pumping completion fluid and check return flow NTU Return flow and check NTU < 25
- 56. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 56 Well completion Well Perforation W e l l c o m p l e t i o n 03 Eng.Elsayed Amer
- 57. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 57 Well completion Well Completion Perforation Well Completion ❑ Using a gun to make a punch or hole penetrating the casing and cement into the reservoir rock “ formation “ to facilitate the production from these holes. Casing Cement Formation Perf
- 58. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 58 Well completion Well Completion Perforation Gun Well Completion
- 59. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 59 Well completion Well Completion Perforation Gun Well Completion
- 60. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 60 Well completion Well Completion Perforation Gun Well Completion
- 61. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 61 Well completion Well Completion Perforation Charges Well Completion Big Hole charges in a loading tube prior to loading in a scalloped hollow carrier gun.
- 62. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 62 Well completion Well Completion Perforation techniques Well Completion • There are currently three standard methods of perforating a well using shaped charges: • Casing gun perforating (run on wireline) • Through-tubing perforating (TTP) (run on wireline) • Tubing-conveyed perforating. (TCP) (run on tubing)
- 63. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 63 Well completion Well Completion Perforation techniques Well Completion
- 64. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 64 Well completion Well Completion Perforation techniques Well Completion
- 65. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 65 Well completion Well Completion Perforation Gun assembly Well Completion
- 66. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 66 Well completion Well Completion Gamma ray CCL depth correlation Well Completion
- 67. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 67 Well completion Well Completion Gamma ray CCL depth correlation Well Completion
- 68. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 68 Well completion Well Completion Pip tag Well Completion Pip tag A radioactive tag in a sub is installed in the string within the proximity of the packer. This sub is used as a marker when performing the GR/CCL. If the formation has little GR character, radioactive collars can also be included in the casing string for definitive depth control.
- 69. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 69 Well completion Well Completion Perforation running Well Completion Oil zone Gas zone Water zone
- 71. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 71 Well completion Well Completion Running completion string Well Completion ◉ Completion string The primary conduit through which reservoir fluids are produced to surface. The production string is typically assembled with tubing and completion components in a configuration that suits the wellbore conditions and the production method.
- 72. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 72 Well completion Well Completion Running completion string Well Completion COMPLETION STRING FACILITIES 01 02 Upper completion equipment Sample Text 01 Lowe completion equipment Sample Text 02
- 73. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 73 Well completion Well Completion Completion string materials Well Completion Completion materials Material CostRatio Cast Iron Carbon steel Low alloy Steel CRAs2 Stainless steel - 1 3 special 5 30
- 74. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 74 Well completion Well Completion Completion Equipment Well Completion Upper completion Sliding Side Door Landing Nipple Retrievable Packer Perforated Joint Landing Nipple Landing Nipple Mule Shoe Guide Protection Joint Tubing Hanger SCSSV Side Pocket Mandrel Side Pocket Mandrel Tubing Flow Coupling Flow Coupling Tubing lower completion
- 75. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 75 Well completion Well Completion Completion Equipment Well Completion Completion Tubing Packer Accessories Sliding Side Door Landing Nipple Retrievable Packer Perforated Joint Landing Nipple Landing Nipple Mule Shoe Guide Protection Joint
- 76. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 76 Well completion Well Completion Completion Equipment Well Completion ◉ Production packer ◉ sub-surface tool used to provide a seal between the Tubing and Casing ◉ thus preventing the movement of fluids past this sealing point.
- 77. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 77 Well completion Well Completion Completion Equipment Well Completion Applications ▪ sub-surface tool used to provide a seal between the Tubing and Casing ▪ thus preventing the movement of fluids past this sealing point. Functions 1. Protect casing from bursting 2. Protect casing from corrosion 3. Provide better well control. 4. Prevent fluid movement between pay zones. 5. Isolate zones of bad cement Perforation Tail pipe Packer Annulus With packer fluid Casing
- 78. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 78 Well completion Well Completion Completion Equipment Well Completion
- 79. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 79 Well completion Well Completion Packer Components Well Completion Slips Packing element Casing “Steel pipe” Seal element “Prevent fluid flow” Slips anchor “Prevent packer movement”
- 80. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 80 Well completion Well Completion Packer Components Well Completion Components ◉ Production packer Slips 01 • Tooth-like parts of the packer • Forced outward by sitting action • Top slips to prevent up-motion and bottom for down-motion Packing elements 02 Slips Packing element • Nitrile-rubber for moderate temperature and normal pressure or Elastomers for HTHP • Provide seal between CSG and TBG
- 81. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 81 Well completion Well Completion Packer Components Well Completion Types ◉ Production packer Permanent 01 • Permanently set • Cannot be retrieved except by milling Retrievable 02 • RIH on wireline or tubing • Has bi-directional slips prevent debris from setting on bottom • Main advantage is retrieving without destroying
- 82. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 82 Well completion Well Completion Packer Types Well Completion Five common types of packers Mechanical set Hydraulic- set Permane nt Service Bridge plug
- 83. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 83 Well completion Well Completion Packer Types Well Completion
- 84. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 84 Well completion Well Completion Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion Mechanical 01 • Rotation • Compression • Tension Electrical 02 • Mechanical setting mechanism using wireline setting tool. Hydraulic 03 • Pressure applied to tubing or annulus ± 3500 PSI • Differential pressure acts on setting tool. • Preferred method for deep / deviated wells • Straight pull release
- 85. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 85 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Mechanical set 01 Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion
- 86. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 86 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion Hydraulic set 02
- 87. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 87 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion Hydraulic set 02
- 88. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 88 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion Electrical set 03
- 89. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 89 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer No bore – bridge plug Single Bore Duel Bore ◎ Used to isolate casing or tubing ◎ Used as cement retainers ◎ Used when other plugs fail to set (last resort!) ◎ Used for single completions ◎ Used for dual completions Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion
- 90. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 90 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion Packer Types Single Bore Duel Bore ESP Packer single-bore, hydraulic- set packer with a dual head
- 91. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 91 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Packer Setting Mechanism Well Completion Inflatable Packer ✓ A type of packer that uses an inflatable bladder to expand the packer element against the casing or wellbore.
- 92. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 92 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Production tubing Well Completion
- 93. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 93 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Tubing Functions Well Completion Casing Tubing No-Go Nipple. Perfs • A wellbore tubular used to produce reservoir fluids. Production tubing is assembled with other completion components to make up the production string.
- 94. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 94 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Tubing Hanging Well Completion ◎ Tubing is hanged at well by : 1. Hanger from the top wellhead , 2. Production packer from downhole
- 95. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 95 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Tubing Specifications Well Completion ◎ Tubing is specified by : 1. grade, 2. outer diameter, 3. weight, 4. connection.
- 96. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 96 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Tubing Specifications Well Completion Tubing Grade Term used to describe the type of metal alloy of which the pipe is made. Selection of tubing grade is based on: ▪ Physical strength ▪ Design life ▪ Chemical Properties (resistance to H2S, CO2, water etc.) ▪ Availability and standardization at customer ▪ Cost
- 97. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 97 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Tubing Specifications Well Completion Tubing Grade Steel grade: there are mainly two different types of steel used to manufacture tubing: ▪ API standard steels J55, C75, L80, N80, C90 and P105. 1. The letter represent the chemical composition and sometimes the thermal treatment. 2. The number following the letter is the minimum body yield stress in 1000 psi and it is the minimum body yield stress guaranteed by the manufacturer’s.
- 98. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 98 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Tubing Specifications Well Completion Tubing Grade Steel grade: there are mainly two different types of steel used to manufacture tubing: ▪ Stainless steel, alloys, and special pipe When carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide are part of the produced fluids, it could necessary to use stainless steel, alloys, and special pipe. ▪ For Example • 9 Cr is used for H2S applications. • 13 Cr for CO2: 13% chromium is selected when there is no H2S in addition to the CO2. • 22 Cr for CO2 + H2S: 22-25% chromium steel when the H2S partial pressure is not too high (some psi).
- 100. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 100 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing Diameter Refers to the outside diameter (in inches or millimeters) Tubing is measured by the OUTSIDE DIAMETER (O.D.), specified in inches (e.g., 1.250) or fraction of an inch (eg. 1-1/4″). The most used sizes are: 2-⅜”, 2-⅞”, 3-½” and 4-½” Nominal Size (inches) Weight per foot ID (inches) Drilling Drift (inches) Wireline Drift (inches) 2 3/8 4.70 1.995 1.901 1.875 2 7/8 6.50 2.441 2.347 2.313 3 1/2 9.30 2.992 2.867 2.750 4 1/2 12.75 3.958 3.883 3.813 5 1/2 15.50 4.919 4.825 4.750
- 102. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 102 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing weight is the average weight of the tubing, connection included. Expressed in lb/ft. It determines the tubing wall thickness, Corrosion/erosion resistance, Strength, Cost The most common nominal weights are:
- 103. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 103 Well completion Tubing are screwed together through connections, which could be: 1. by means of integral joint, the most common type of connection on small diameter pipe. Production Tubing Tubing Connections
- 104. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 104 Well completion Tubing are screwed together through connections, which could be: 2. by using a coupling (the most common connection), a collar with internal threads used to join two sections of threaded pipe. Production Tubing Tubing Connections
- 105. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 105 Well completion PI tapered triangular threaded connections There are two types of thread connection: ▪ API ▪ Premium Production Tubing Tubing Connections Premium API
- 106. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 106 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing Connections The types of pipe threads specified by the API for casing and tubing include: • NEW VAM • VAM TOP • Hydril • Short Thread Coupled (STC) • Long Thread Coupled (LTC) • Buttress Thread Coupled (BTC) • Line Pipe (LP) • External Upset End (EUE) • Non-Upset End (NUE)
- 107. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 107 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing Connections Non-upset (8 round) Connection External Upset Connection EUE Integral Connection Hydril Integral Connection
- 109. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 109 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing Design Design of production tubing should satisfy the following criteria: 1. Minimizing pressure drop 2. High strength for suspension of tubing joints 3. High internal pressures for fluids flow 4. High external pressures (between annulus & tubing) 5. Resistant to chemical corrosion
- 110. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 110 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing Design Tubing Connection Make up Torque 1. Under torque ------------------ leakage 2. Over torque ------------------thread failure & damage to seal
- 111. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 111 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing Design ◉ Under torque • Leakage ◉ Over torque • Thread failure • Damage to seal I. Recommended torque values are applied by manufactures .
- 112. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 112 Well completion Production Tubing Tubing Length II. Length: Tubulars are manufactured in lengths termed joints ✓ range 1 : 20 to 24 feet; ✓ range 2 : 28 to 32 feet; ✓ range 3 : 32 to 48 feet Pup joints or spacers are used for shorter lengths. Tubing Ranges Range 1 (feet) Range 2 (feet) Range 3 (feet) 20-24 28-32 38-42
- 113. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 113 Well completion Production Tubing Pup Joint Pup joints or spacers are short tubing joints that give flexibility in attaining a desired tubing length
- 115. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 115 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Completion Accessories Well Completion Completion Accessories
- 116. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 116 Well completion Landing Nipples Applications ▪ A landing nipple is a short length of pipe with a profile cut on the inside of the pipe. ▪ Provide a location for wireline tools to be hanged in place in locations which are carefully considered during installation Types X Selective Nipples XN No-go nipples
- 117. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 117 Well completion Landing Nipples X Selective Nipples XN No-go nipples
- 118. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 118 Well completion Landing Nipples Applications ▪ Plug the tubing for: • Removing the wellhead or surface equipment • Pressure testing • Setting hydraulic set packers • Zonal isolation ▪ Installing downhole chokes, regulators, SSVs, etc. ▪ landing off bottom hole pressure recorders.
- 119. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 119 Well completion Landing Nipples No – go nipple XN • XN®, RN®, Nipples (N = no-go) contain a restriction in the profile which prevents the Slickline plug from passing through. • Only 1 no-go nipple of a particular size is used in a well and usually it will be placed at or near the bottom of the well below other landing nipples.
- 120. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 120 Well completion Landing Nipples A typical Slickline ‘plug’ consists of 3 components: • 1. Lock mandrel • 2. Equalizing sub • 3. Flow control device (prong) OTIS R® Locking Mandrel OTIS R® Landing Nipple
- 122. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 122 Well completion Landing Nipples R & RN - Key X® Landing Nipple XN® R® Landing Nipple & Lock mandrel RN® Landing Nipple & Locking Mandrel
- 123. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 123 Well completion Landing Nipples R & RN - Key
- 124. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 124 Well completion Landing Nipples • The most notable manufacturers are ▪ Baker ▪ CAMCO ▪ Halliburton/Otis ▪ Weatherford CPS / Petroline Manufacturers
- 125. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 125 Well completion Landing Nipples Design Specifications LOCK PROFILE XN SIZE 2.813 INCH MAXIMUM OD 3.919 INCH MINIMUM NO-GO ID 2.666 INCH LENGTH 17.71 INCH MATERIAL Alloy/9CR / 13CR SERVICE H2S/CO2/ STD CONNECTION 3 ½” Vam Top B * P PRESSURE RATING 9300 PSI CN05527 Max OD: 3.898” Packing Bore ID: 2.813” Min ID: 2.813” Nipple Profile: X Length: 18.50” Top Thread: 3 1/2-9.2 FOX-K Box Bottom Thread: 3 1/2-9.2 FOX-K Pin Material: 13Cr Service: Std Pres. Rating: 9300 psi
- 126. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 126 Well completion Landing Nipples Installation LOCK MANDREL FISH NECK LANDING NIPPLE GR PULLING TOOL Jar Down KEYS LOCKED IN NIPPLE PROFILE • To Move Equalizing Valve Off Sea t (If Installed) • To Break Packing Bond •Loosen Lock Mandrel Jar Up • To Unlock Lock Mandrel • To Remove Lock Mandrel and Accessory from Landing Nipple
- 128. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 128 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer B. Flow Coupling. Well Completion ▪ Flow couplings are short sections of thicker walls than the production tubing. ▪ designed to protect the tubing string from excessive wear and premature failure. ▪ Added protection against internal erosion ▪ above and below cross-overs, ▪ above and below a landing nipple, SSSV nipple, etc.
- 129. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 129 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer C. Blast Joint. Well Completion Applications ▪ Located in the tubing string in front of to perforations (ID same as tubing). ▪ Blast joints are heavy wall tubular accessories that are typically run in sections of the string design where oil or gas returns in the tubing will encounter turbulence. They provide an increased wall thickness to prevent failures caused by turbulent erosion in the ID of the tubing. 1. Tungsten 2. Rubber 3. Ceramic
- 130. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 130 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Flow Coupling V.S Blast Joint Well Completion
- 131. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 131 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer C. Blast Joint. Well Completion
- 132. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 132 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer D. Side Sliding Door SSD Well Completion ◉ Application: known as Sliding Sleeves Allows communication from the annulus to the tubing. Used for Circulation of casing to inside tubing incase of well killing or production. Sliding Side Door (SSD)
- 133. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 133 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer D. Side Sliding Door SSD Well Completion Sliding (inner) Sleeve Seals Ports Seals Inner Ports OPEN CLOSED ◉ Application: Fluid displacement Well killing (by fluid circulation) Kicking off wells (gas lift) Chemical injection. Commingled production.
- 134. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 134 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer E. Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Well Completion Piper Alpha tragedy Piper Alpha was an oil production platform in the North Sea. on 6 July 1988, killing 167 people. Catastrophic platform accident due to explosion in process facility and release of gas in pipeline. Almost all of the wells controlled below seabed with SC-SSSVs!. Only well that burnt was being worked over – no SSSV in place.
- 135. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 135 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer E. Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Well Completion Kuwait oil well fires • Persian Gulf War. 1991 • The Kuwaiti oil fires were caused by Iraqi military forces setting fire to a reported 605 to 732 oil wells
- 136. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 136 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer E. Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Well Completion
- 137. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 137 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer E. Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Well Completion ◉ Application A shutdown valve installed at the upper wellbore for emergency shutdown To prevent uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons from the well if something catastrophic occurs at surface.
- 138. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 138 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer E. Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Well Completion
- 139. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 139 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer E. Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Well Completion
- 140. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 140 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer E. Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Well Completion Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Setting Depth ❖ Offshore Normally installed 200 to 300 ft below seabed or as deep as possible ❖ Onshore The SCSSV is located a minimum of 100 ft below the mudline.
- 141. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 141 Well completion SCSSSV ❖ Shallow set valves reduce the exposed hydrocarbon inventory. ❖ Deep-set valves have less opportunity to be affected by catastrophic events ❖ Safety valves should not be placed in areas exposed to continuous scaling, wax or hydrate formation. Recommended minimum setting depth
- 142. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 142 Well completion SCSSSV Annulus SV Tubing SV Application
- 143. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 143 Well completion SCSSSV Running W/L Retrievable Tub. Retrievable
- 144. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 144 Well completion SCSSSV Running W/L Retrievable Tub. Retrievable WLRSV TRSV
- 145. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 145 Well completion SCSSSV Running Wireline retrievable (WLRSV) Tubing Retrievable (TRSV) ▧ General application: where intervention by wireline is available ▧ High pressure gas wells ▧ Deployed on a wireline running tool to be installed in an appropriate landing nipple. ▧ Advantage: can be replaced by wireline ▧ Disadvantage: a significant restriction in flow path. ▧ General application: where larger flow area is desired for the tubing size ▧ Advantage: maximum opening and minimum restriction to flow. Allows some wireline and CT access capability. ▧ Disadvantage: must pull tubing to repair.
- 146. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 146 Well completion SCSSSV TR Safety Valve Landing Nipple Top Sub Functional Sub- assembly Bottom Sub LOCK MANDREL SAFETY VALVE
- 147. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 147 Well completion SCSSSV Activation Mechanism Sub-S Controlled Surface Controlled
- 148. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 148 Well completion SCSSSV Annulus SV W/L Retrievable Tub. Retrievable Surface Controlled Hydraulic Control line Tubing SV W/L Retrievable Tub. Retrievable Surface Controlled Sub-S Controlled Hydraulic Wireless Cable Control line Annulus Electric Excess flow Pressure drop Ball Flapper Application Running Means of Activation Communication route Open & Close Element Poppet
- 149. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 149 Well completion Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV Control line • The hydraulic control line, also known as a chemical injection line, is a small-diameter line, usually ⅛ in. (32 mm) or ⅝ in. (16 mm) • Used to execute tool recovery, perform chemical injection, and operate downhole completions equipment such as surface- controlled subsurface safety valves (SCSSV).
- 150. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 150 Well completion SCSSSV Control line connection to downhole safety valve • A 1/4″ inch stainless steel control line is attached • It may be necessary to keep as much as 4000 to 5000 psi on the control line to keep the valve open.
- 151. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 151 Well completion Subsurface Safety Valves SCSSSV WHCP
- 152. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 152 Well completion SCSSSV Open & Close Element
- 153. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 153 Well completion SCSSSV Flapper Types • Initially, flapper / seat combinations are capable of sealing 15,000 psi + (bubble tight). • hydraulic pressure from the surface opposes the mechanical spring pressure and holds the valve open • The flapper valve can further be divided in flat, contoured and curved flappers,
- 160. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 160 Well completion Tubing Head Adapter ❖ The tubing head adaptor provides a transition from the tubing head to the Christmas tree.
- 161. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 161 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Run completion string
- 162. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 162 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Run completion string
- 163. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 163 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Run completion string
- 164. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 164 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer N/D BOP & N/u X-mass tree It is time to dismantle (N/D) BOP to install Christmas tree on the well head A S B P P
- 165. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 165 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer N/D BOP & N/u X-mass tree It is time to dismantle (N/D) BOP to install Christmas tree on the well head
- 166. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 166 Well completion Tubing Head Adapter ❖ The tubing head adaptor provides a transition from the tubing head to the Christmas tree.
- 168. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 168 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer N/u X-mass tree Install tubing head adaptor & N/U Christmas tree on the well head
- 169. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 169 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer N/u X-mass tree
- 170. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 170 Well completion Major manufacturers, suppliers, and vendors of wellhead equipment and X-mass trees are: C o m p a n i e s w o r l d w i d e Manufacturing FMC Tharwa Brada Cameron Wood group Hercules GE
- 171. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 171 Well completion T e r m i n o l o g y Working Pressure Wellhead equipment that meets API Specification 6A (equivalent to ISO 10423) is available in standard pressure increments: • 2000 psi • 3000 psi • 5000 psi • 10,000 psi • 15,000 psi • 20,000 psi • 30,000 psi
- 172. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 172 Well completion T e r m i n o l o g y Working Temperature ❑ Conventional operations span -60 to 121⁰C in 8 ranges (K, L, P, R, S, T, U,V). K and U are the largest and overlap the other ranges. ❑ Elevated temperature operations span -18 to 345⁰C in 2 ranges (X, Y). Y has the highest temperature rating. Standard temperature ratings are defined by an operating range.
- 173. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 173 Well completion T e r m i n o l o g y Material Class Defines the corrosion resistance required by all components wetted by the retained fluid. ❑ The seven material classes range from AA (General service: carbon or low alloy steel) to HH (Sour service: corrosion resistant alloys). ❑ All sour service materials must conform to ANSI/NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 (NACE International provides control standards related to corrosion protection).
- 174. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 174 Well completion Product Specification Levels (PSL) PSL Decision Tree
- 175. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 175 Well completion C o n n e c t i o n S e a l s Seals Technology Connection Seals Ring Gaskets ❖ provides the actual seal in any flanged or studded connection, ❖ The ring gasket is machined, metal seal designed to fit the grooves on each flange or hub face.
- 176. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 176 Well completion C o n n e c t i o n S e a l s Seals Technology R Ring Gasket RX Ring Gasket BX (face-to-face contact) CF Ring Gasket API Connection Seals
- 177. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 177 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer X-Mass tree Components
- 178. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 178 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Christmas Tree The Christmas tree is pressure control system located at the well head. A Xmas Tree is an assembly of valves, all with specific functions, used to control flow from the well and to provide well intervention access for well maintenance or reservoir monitoring. X-Mass tree Components
- 179. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 179 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer X-Mass tree Components
- 180. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 180 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer X-Mass tree Components
- 181. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 181 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Lower Master Valve Normally kept in the open condition and is only closed in the event that all the other valves fail. X-Mass tree Valves Kill Wing Valve Production Wing Valve Choke Valve
- 182. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 182 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Upper Master Valve Usually operated to open and close the wellbore. This valve is often fitted with an actuator so that the valve can be controlled remotely. X-Mass tree Valves Kill Wing Valve Production Wing Valve Choke Valve
- 183. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 183 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Swab Valve kept closed during flowing of the well and is opened to allow access into the tubing string when maintenance of the tubing string is required. X-Mass tree Valves Kill Wing Valve Production Wing Valve Choke Valve
- 184. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 184 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Production wing Valve Used in conjunction with the upper master valve in controlling the well. This valve is normally fitted with an actuator similar to that of the upper master valve so that the valve can be controlled remotely. X-Mass tree Valves Kill Wing Valve Production Wing Valve Choke Valve
- 185. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 185 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Kill wing Valve Used when the well has to be killed. The size of this valve may be smaller than other valves. X-Mass tree Valves Kill Wing Valve Production Wing Valve Choke Valve
- 186. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 186 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Tree Cap a cap or plug that is removed to allow access for service tools. X-Mass tree Valves Kill Wing Valve Production Wing Valve Choke Valve
- 187. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 187 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Choke Valve Attached to the downstream side of the flowline wing valve, the choke is used to control or regulate the flow of produced fluids. The choke can be of varying styles, positive, adjustable or multi-orifice and in some instances may be fitted with a remote actuator. X-Mass tree Valves Kill Wing Valve Production Wing Valve Choke Valve
- 188. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 188 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Christmas tree testing X-Mass tree Valves
- 189. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 189 Well completion Tubing Hanger Back pressure valves Seal Handling Thread Hanger Thread Valve Spring Valve Stem BPV TWC What is it used for? Back pressure valves are installed in the tubing hanger to hold pressure from below during the following operations: 1. Nipple down and up the drilling BOP stack. 2. Nipple up or down Christmas tree. 3. Test the Christmas tree (2-way check). 4. Replace the master valve.
- 190. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 190 Well completion Tubing Hanger Back pressure valves The most common types of BPV are the Cameron Type ‘H’ BPV and Petroline ‘ABC’.
- 191. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 191 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Christmas tree testing X-Mass tree Valves
- 192. Eng.Elsayed Amer P A G E 192 Well completion Eng.Elsayed Amer Christmas tree X-Mass tree Valves