This document summarizes the key biotic components of an ecosystem. It describes producers as autotrophic organisms like plants that produce their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers are heterotrophic animals that consume producers for energy and nutrition. Decomposers, like fungi and bacteria, are also heterotrophic as they break down dead organic matter and release inorganic nutrients back into the environment. Food chains represent the transfer of energy as producers are consumed by consumers in a linear pathway, while food webs illustrate the various intersecting food chains that comprise a full ecosystem.

1. Biotic Components
of an Ecosystem

2. Biotic components
The biotic component is
that part of the total
environment created by
living, interacting
organisms.

3. Ecosystem
A biological community
together with the abiotic
environment, characterized
by the flow of energy and
the cycling of inorganic
nutrients.

4. Living components:
 Producers:
The sun which is the primary source of energy, gives
energy to the plants to produce food through
photosynthesis.
Plants use the light, carbon dioxide, water and the green
pigment chlorophyll in their leaves to produce sugars and
oxygen.
These plants that produce food through photosynthesis are
called producers.
They are autotrophic organisms because they can
manufacture their own food.

5. Consumers:
Animals are consumers because they are, directly/indirectly
dependent on the food produced by the producers (plants), they
consume this food.
Consumers therefore have a heterotrophic feeding method –
they cannot make their own food and are dependent on the
producers for nutrition.

6. Decomposers:
Decomposers are micro-organisms that break down complex
organic matter into simple inorganic matter.
They obtain their energy for the decaying animals and plants.
They are heterotrophic animals.
We refer to them as saprophytic organisms.
They include fungi and bacteria.

7. Food chains
The interaction of the autotrophic and heterotrophic
components in which one organism
consumes another, is called a food chain.
In a food chain there is a continuous flow of energy from
the sun, through the plants to the various animals.
In a food chain there are always a producer and a
consumer.

8. Example:

9. Food web
Consists of various food chains
that interact with one another,
therefore, interacting of energy
flow within an ecosystem

10. Example:

11. Try answer these questions to
test your knowledge:
 What is a biotic component?
 Give the definition of an ecosystem.
 What components form part of an ecosystem?
 Briefly describe each of these components.
 What is the difference between a food chain and a
food web?
 Draw an example of each.(It must be your own
design).