Networking of multiple microcontrollers

Networking of Multiple
Microcontrollers

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Introduction
Microcontrollers
 The project is designed to demonstrate how multiple microcontrollers
can be connected in a network to achieve the desired output. More and
more microcontrollers are embedded in different kinds of products from
industrial environment to domestic area; a good example is the
automobile sector. A modern day car has number of microcontrollers
integrated within its system.

Block Diagram
Microcontrollers

Hardware Requirements
Microcontrollers
 8051 series Microcontrollers
 Keypad
 LCD
 Relay
 Transformer
 Diodes
 LED
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Regulator
 Buzzer
 Lamp

Software Requirements
Microcontrollers
 Keil compiler
 Language: Embedded C or Assembly

Microcontrollers
Communications and Networks
 Data Communications
• Transmission of signals
• Encoding, interfacing, signal integrity, multiplexing etc.
 Networking
• Topology & architecture used to interconnect devices

Microcontrollers
Network Trends
Microcontroller Networking
Wireless
Voice, Image, Data, Video
Integrated Systems!
Microcontroller

Microcontrollers
Communication Systems
 Process describing transfer of information, data, instructions
between one or more systems through some media.
Examples:
• People, computers, cell phones, etc.
• Computer communication systems
 Receivers and transmitters: Desktop computers, mainframe
computers, etc.

Microcontrollers
 Signals passing through the communication channel can be
Digital, or analog.
• Analog signals: continuous electrical waves.
• Digital signals: individual electrical pulses (bits)
TX
RX
RX
RX
Communication channel
Communication
media
Amp/Adaptor
Communication Systems

Microcontrollers
The networking and communication between them becomes
necessary.
The importance of having multiple microcontrollers against a
single one is if one of the microcontrollers goes bad only the
function related to that particular microcontroller will be
affected.
Working Principle

Microcontrollers
The project demonstrates a command based monitoring tool
using the RS232 protocol.
A network of three microcontrollers is used in this project.
The first one is connected to a keypad for input action.
The second one is connected to an LCD display and the third
one to drive a relay for controlling any load (LAMP).
Working Principle

Microcontrollers
 Input takes a password on the first MC to display it on the second MC while
the third one executes the output only if the password is right.
 Wrong password if entered will generate a buzzer sound.
 Though this task can be performed by a single microcontroller.
 The project uses multiple microcontrollers to explain the concept of
networking.
Working Principle

Microcontrollers
 It is practically impossible by a single microcontroller to handle input
action, display and output which are located way apart.
 The system uses a combination of three microcontrollers for this purpose.
• One is used to operate the load.
• second one is used to display output on LCD display .
• The third one is used to take user input through a keypad.
Working Principle

Microcontrollers
 Consider a situation which requires 15 connections for a display unit
from microcontroller, and 7 connections from keypad.
 So instead of using single microprocessor and multicore cables for
kilometers.
 We use a single cable and more microcontrollers to simplify the
working and reduce costs.
Working Principle

Microcontrollers
MICROCONTROLLER
 It is a smaller computer
 Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports. etc..
RAM ROM
I/O
Port
Timer
Serial
COM
Port
Microcontroller
CPU
A single chip

Microcontrollers
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER

Microcontrollers
Multi Microcontroller Networking System
 Our system aims at connecting and coordinating multiple
microcontrollers in order to achieve the desired output.
 Increasing number of microcontrollers are used these days
for various industrial and domestic applications.

Microcontrollers
Designing The Communications Microcontroller
Microcontrollers
• Main Microcontroller: i.MX31 from Freescale
• Communications Microcontroller: LPC2194/01 from NXP
• Low Level Microcontroller: LPC2194/01 from NXP

Microcontrollers
Communication Protocols
• Main to Communications Full Speed USB
• Communications to Low Level CAN Bus

Microcontrollers
Power Supply
 A DC Power Supply Unit (commonly called a PSU) deriving power from
the AC mains (line) supply performs a number of tasks:
• It changes (in most cases reduces) the level of supply to a value
suitable for driving the load circuit.
• It produces a DC supply from the mains (or line) supply AC sine
wave.
• It prevents any AC from appearing at the supply output.

Microcontrollers
Parts of a Power Supply
 The output voltage is kept at a constant level, independent of
changes in:
• The AC supply voltage at the supply input.
• The Load current drawn from the supply output.
• Temperature.

Microcontrollers
Power Supply

Microcontrollers
Relay
 It is a electro magnetic switch.
 Used to control the electrical
devices.
 Copper core magnetic flux plays main
role here.

Microcontrollers
 The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:
 COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the itch.
 NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
 NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on .
Relay

Microcontrollers
BC547 (NPN –Transistor)
 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
 It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547
series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors.

Microcontrollers
 The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of
the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta,
(β).

Microcontrollers
 The current gain from the emitter to the collector terminal,
Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (α), and is a function of the transistor
itself.

Microcontrollers
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
 Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2
and 20x2 displays.
 This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per
line by 2 lines, respectively.
 The standard is referred to as HD44780U.
 It refers to the controller chip which receives data from an
external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

Microcontrollers
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus).
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Microcontrollers
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Diagram

Microcontrollers
Application
 This technology is widely used in modern automobiles.

Microcontrollers
Future Enhancement
 This project being based on serial communication can
be enhanced by using wireless communication among
the controllers by avoiding costly cabling.

Microcontrollers
Conclusion
 We have learned how multiple microcontrollers can be connected in a
simple networking system to get the desired output. These type of
networking of multiple microcontrollers are used in many areas like
industrial and domestic areas.

Networking of multiple microcontrollers

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