The current Presentation is about the basic functional anatomy and ventilation topic under Physiology of Respiratory System.

1. 1
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Dr. ANIKET A. SHILWANT
Associate Professor
Dept. of Sharir Kriya
Noble Ayurved College & Research Institute
Junagadh, Gujarat

2. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 2
Functional Anatomy
Figure 22.1

3. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 3
1) Nose
2) Pharynx
3) Larynx
4) Trachea
5) Tracheo-Bronchial tree Conducting zone
a) Primary bronchus
b) Secondary bronchus
c) Tertiary bronhcus
d) Terminal bronchiole
e) Respiratory bronchiole
i. Alveolar duct Respiratory zone
ii. Alveolar sac
iii. Antrum
iv. Alveoli
Functional Anatomy

4. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 4
Respiratory System
Consists of the respiratory and conducting zones
 Respiratory zone
Site of gas exchange
Consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

5. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 5
Respiratory System
 Conducting zone
 Just allows the passage of air in and out of
respiratory tract
 Includes all other respiratory structures (e.g., nose,
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea)

6. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 6
Function of the Respiratory System
 Respiratory Function-
Exchange of gases essential for every cell and tissues of body.
Provides an airway for respiration
 Non-Respiratory function-
Olfactory function-sensation of smell perceived by nose a part of
respiratory tract
Vocalization-speech which is conducted by the vibrating vocal
cords present in larynx.

7. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 7
Function of the Respiratory System
Filtering action- Prevents entry of dust and foreign
particles inside respiratory tract
Hairs in nostril
Cilia in trachea
Immunological function- protects the inner lining and
integrity of respiratory tract.
Defensins
Neutrophils and leucocytes- Phagocytosis
Macrophages- Scavengers
Mast cells
Eosinophils- mucosal immunity

8. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 8
Function of the Respiratory System
Water balance-
Expiration process
Heat balance-
Expiration process
Secretion-
ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)

9. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 9
Respiratory Unit

10. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 10
Respiratory Unit

11. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 11
Alveoli
 Surrounded by fine elastic fibers
 300 millions of alveoli
 Contain open pores that:
 Connect adjacent alveoli
 Allow air pressure throughout the lung to be
equalized
 House macrophages that keep alveolar surfaces
sterile

12. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 12
Respiratory Membrane

13. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 13
Respiratory Membrane

14. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 14
Pleurae
 Thin, double-layered serosa
 Parietal pleura
Covers the thoracic wall and superior face of the diaphragm
Continues around heart and between lungs
 Visceral, or pulmonary, pleura
Covers the external lung surface
Divides the thoracic cavity into three chambers
The central mediastinum
Two lateral compartments, each containing a lung

15. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 15
Pleurae
 Space between both layers of pleura-Pleural cavity
 Filled with-pleural fluid
 Secreted by-visceral layer of pleura
 Functions-
Prevents friction between 2layers
Supports intra thoracic pressure to become negative
for expansion of lungs

16. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 16
The passage of air or gas in the respiratory tract.
2 types-
Pulmonary ventilation
Alveolar ventilation
Pulmonary ventilation
The volume of air entering inside lungs from atmosphere ina
given unit of time at quiet breathing
PV = TV x RR
= 500 x 12 = 6000ml or 6L
Alveolar ventilation
The volume of air utilized from the lungs at given unit time
AV = (TV-DS) x RR
= (500-150) x 12 =4200ml or 4.2L
Ventilation

17. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 17
Dead Space
The space or area in the respiratory tract where actual gaseous
exchange doesn’t take place.
2types-
Anatomical dead space
Physiological dead space

18. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 18
Anatomical dead space
The structures composing respiratory tract which serves only
the passageway of air and doesn’t allow any gaseous exchange
Nose-Pharynx-Larynx-Trachea-Primary.B-Secondary.B-
Tertiary.B-Terminal.B
Physiological dead space
The respiration function performed by alveoli is affected in
2cases
Non-functioning alveoli due to any respiratory disease
Alveoli having low perfusion
In both above cases actual gaseous exchange doesn’t take
place
Dead Space

19. Dr.Aniket A Shilwant 19
Dr. ANIKET A. SHILWANT
Associate Professor
Dept. of Sharir Kriya
Noble Ayurved College & Research Institute
Junagadh, Gujarat
ayuraniket18@gmail.com
aniket.shilwant@ngivbt.edu.in
THANK YOU !!!