Respiration Ventilation

RESPIRATION Dr. Victoria G. Giango Chair, Dept. of Physiology

GOALS OF RESPIRATION ,[object Object],[object Object],MAJOR FUNCTIONAL EVENTS OF RESPIRATION 1. Pulmonary Ventilation – inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and lung alveoli

2. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood ,[object Object],[object Object]

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – made up of: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MUSCLES OF INSPIRATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MUSCLES OF EXPIRATION 1. Internal intercostals 2. Abdominal recti

COMPLIANCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE COMPLIANCE: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SURFACTANT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SURFACTANT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Surface Tension of Different watery fluids: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Collapse Pressure of Occluded Alveoli Caused by Surface Tension ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Compliance and Tissue resistance work – increased by diseases that cause fibrosis of the lungs as in tuberculosis ,[object Object],[object Object]

LUNG VOLUMES ,[object Object],[object Object]

CAPACITIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HELIUM DILUTION METHOD – determination Functional Residual capacity, Residual volume, Total Lung Capacity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FACTORS AFFECTING LUNG VOLUMES AND VITAL CAPACITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Minute Respiratory Volume is the total amount of new moved into the respiratory passages each minute = Tidal volume x Respiratory rate/minute = 500 x 12 Alveolar Ventilation Total volume of new air entering the the alveoli and adjacent gas exchange areas each minute V A = Freq . (V T – V D )

Respiratory Dead Space – space in the conducting zone of the airways occupied by gas that does not exchange with the blood in the pulmonary vessels ,[object Object],[object Object]

ANATOMIC DEAD SPACE – space of the respiratory system besides the alveoli and other gas exchange areas Dead space air = 15 0 m ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Muscular Wall of the Bronchi and Bronchioles and its Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FUNCTIONS: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Sneeze Reflex – Trigeminal Nerve Uvula is depressed so large amounts of air pass directly through the nose helping to clear the nasal passages of foreign matter, ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Vocalization ,[object Object],[object Object]

Respiration Ventilation

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Respiration Ventilation