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HNS PART VI - SPINAL CORD
The document provides an overview of the spinal cord, including its: 1) Location in the vertebral column and extensions from the medulla oblongata to the L1/L2 vertebrae. 2) Segments including 31 total segments that give rise to pairs of spinal nerves. 3) Histology consisting of grey and white matter containing nerve cell bodies, dendrites, neuroglia, myelinated and unmyelinated axons organized into tracts and fasciculi. 4) Ascending and descending tracts that transmit sensory and motor information to and from the brain and body.
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HNS PART VI - SPINAL CORD
- 1. SPINAL CORD Dr. AniketA. Shilwant Assistant Professor Dept. of Kriya Sharir GJP-IASR CVM University
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Introductionto Spinal cord Segments of Spinal cord Histology of Spinal cord Tracts Ascending tracts Descending tracts Pyramidal tracts Extra pyramidal tracts
- 3. INTRODUCTION TO SPINALCORD Situation – • Suspended in Vertebral column • Continuous extension of Medulla O Extent – L1 / L2 Coverings – • Meninges – Dura, Arachnoid, Pia mater Length – 45cm Shape – Cylindrical Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 3
- 4. INTRODUCTION TO SPINALCORD Enlargements – • Cervical & Lumbar Enlargements – Innervates UL & LL • Cervical Enlargements – C4 – T1 • Lumbar Enlargements – T9 – T12 Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 4
- 5. INTRODUCTION TO SPINALCORD Conus Medullaris Immediate narrowing of SC below lumbar enlargement Cone shaped termination – Conus medullaris Ends between L1 & L2 Filum Terminale Non nervous, fibrous tissue attaching Coccyx Pia mater Cauda equina Spinal cord – Total 31 segments each giving rise to pair of Spinal nerves Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 5
- 6. SEGMENTS OF SPINALCORD Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 6 CERVICAL SEGMENT – CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES – 8 THORACIC SEGMENT – THORACIC SPINAL NERVES – 12 LUMBAR SEGMENT – LUMBAR SPINAL NERVES – 5 SACCRAL SEGMENT – SACCRAL SPINAL NERVES – 5 COCCXYGEAL SEGMENT – COCCXYGEAL SPINAL NERVE – 1
- 7. HISTOLOGY OF SPINALCORD Grey mater Nerve cell bodies, Dendrites, Neuroglia & Unmyelinated Axons White mater Myelinated Axons with Neuroglia Tract / Fasciculus Bundles of fibers Horns 2D appearance Grey mater area Columns 3D appearance Grey mater Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 7
- 8. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 8
- 9. TRACTS Classification of Tracts– On basis of length Short tracts – Association and Commissural fibers Long tracts – Projection fibers On basis of nature (direction) Ascending tracts – Afferent Descending tracts – Efferent Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 9
- 10. TRACTS Neural pathway – First order neurons Second order neurons Third order neurons Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 10
- 11. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 11
- 12. ASCENDING TRACTS Anterior Spino-ThalamicTract Location:- Anterior Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Thalamus – Cerebral Cortex Function:- Crude Touch, Pressure Lateral Spino-Thalamic Tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Thalamus – Cerebral Cortex Function:- Pain and Temperature Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 12
- 13. ASCENDING TRACTS Ventral Spino-CerebellarTract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Cerebellum – Cerebral Cortex Function:- Subconscious kinesthetic sensation Dorsal Spino-Cerebellar Tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Cerebellum – Cerebral Cortex Function:- Subconscious kinesthetic sensation Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 13
- 14. ASCENDING TRACTS Spino-Tectal Tract Location:-Lateral Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Superior colliculus in midbrain Function:- Spino visual reflex Spino Reticular Tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Reticular formation of brain stem Function:- Consciousness and awareness Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 14
- 15. ASCENDING TRACTS Spino-Olivary Tract Location:-Lateral Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Olivary nucleus in Medulla Function:- Proprioception Spino-vestibular tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Lateral vestibular nucleus in Medulla Function:- Proprioception Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 15
- 16. ASCENDING TRACTS Fasiculus gracilis Location:-Posterior Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Nucleus Gracilis in Medulla Function:- Tactile Sensation, Localization, Discrimination, Vibratory sensation, Stereognosis Fasiculus cuneatus Location:- Posterior Column Origin:- Posterior Grey Horn cell Termination:- Nucleus Cuneatus in Medulla Function:- Tactile Sensation, Localization, Discrimination, Vibratory sensation, Stereognosis Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 16
- 17. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 17 NAME OF TRACT ORIGIN PATHWAY TERMINATIO FUNCTION EFFECT OF LESION ANT. SPINOTHALAMIC POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT GANGLION CROSSED VENTRAL POSTERO – LATERAL NUCLEUS OF THALAMUS CRUDE TOUCH PRESSURE LOSS OF CRUDE TOUCH & PRESSURE SENSATION LAT. SPINOTHALAMIC PAIN TEMPERATURE ANAESTHESIA THERMO- ANAESTHESIA ANT. SPINO CEREBELLAR CROSSED ANTERIOR LOBE OF CEREBELLUM PROPRIOCEPTION SUBCONSIOUS KINESTHETIC SENSATIONS LOSS OF PROPRIOCEPTION SUBCONSIOUS KINESTHETIC SENSATIONS POST. SPINO CEREBELLAR UNCROSSED
- 18. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 18 NAME OF TRACT ORIGIN PATHWAY TERMINATION FUNCTION EFFECT OF LESION SPINO OLIVARY POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT GANGLION UNCROSSED OLIVARY NUCLEUS – MEDULLA PROPRIOCEPTION LOSS OF PROPRIOCEPTION SPINO RETICULAR BOTH RETICULAR FORMATION – MEDULLA & PONS CONSCIOUSNESS & AWARENESS ANOSGNOSIA SPINO TECTAL CROSSED SUPERIOR COLLICULLI SPINO VISUAL REFLEX LOSS OF SPINO VISUAL RESPONSE SPINO VESTIBULAR BOTH VESTIBULAR NUCLEI – MEDULLA PROPRIOCEPTION LOSS OF PROPRIOCEPTION FASICULUS DORSO- LATERALIS CROSSED POSTERO- VENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THALAMUS PAIN & TEMPERATURE ANAESTHESIA THERMO- ANAESTHESIA
- 19. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 19 NAME OF TRACT ORIGIN PATHWAY TERMINATION FUNCTION EFFECT OF LESION FASICULUS CUNEATUS POSTERIOR NERVE ROOT GANGLION UNCROSSED NUCLEUS CUNEATUS TACTILE – SENSATION LOCALIZATION DISCRIMINATION STEREOGNOSIS LOSS OF - TACTILE – SENSATION LOCALIZATION DISCRIMINATION ASTEREOGNOSIS FASICULUS GRACILIS NUCLEUS GRACILIS
- 20. DESCENDING TRACTS Dr. AniketA. Shilwant, GJPIASR 20
- 21. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 21
- 22. PYRAMIDAL TRACTS Anterior Cortico-Spinaltract Location:- Anterior (Ventral) Column Origin:- Primary, Pre motor & Somatosensory area. Termination:- Anterior (Ventral) grey horn Function:- Motor impulses for precise skeletal movements. Maintain muscle tone. Lateral Cortico-Spinal tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Primary, Pre motor & Somatosensory area Termination:- Anterior (Ventral) grey horn Function:- Motor impulses for skeletal muscles to provide precise, accurate & discrete movements. Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 22
- 23. EXTRA-PYRAMIDAL TRACTS Anterior Vestibulo-Spinaltract Location:- Anterior Column Origin:- Medial Vestibular Nucleus Termination:- Anterior Grey horn cell Function:- Muscle tone, Posture, Equilibrium in response to gravity, linear and angular motion Lateral Vestibulo-Spinal Tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Lateral Vestibular Nucleus Termination:- Anterior grey horn cell Function:- Muscle tone, Posture, Equilibrium in response to gravity, linear and angular motion. Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 23
- 24. EXTRA-PYRAMIDAL TRACTS Reticulo-Spinal Tract Location:-Anterior Column Origin:- Reticular formation of Pons (Uncrossed) & Medulla (Both crossed & uncrossed) Termination:- Anterior Grey horn cell Function:- Functions Pontine Medullary Respiration Expiration Inspiration Blood vessels Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Muscle tone Facilitation Inhibition Muscle movements Facilitation Inhibition Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant, GJPIASR 24
- 25. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 25 Rubro-Spinal Tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Red Nucleus, crosses on opposite side Termination:- Aterior Grey horn cell Function:- Concerned with muscle tone & posture Olivo-Spinal Tract Location:- Lateral Column Origin:- Olivary Nucleus of Medulla Termination:- Anterior Grey Horn cell Function:- Controls reflex movements arising form proprioreceptors EXTRA-PYRAMIDAL TRACTS
- 26. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 26 EXTRA-PYRAMIDAL TRACTS Tecto-Spinal Tract Location:- Anterior Column Origin:- Tectum (Midbrain) from one side and crosses on other side. Termination:- Anterior grey horn cell Function:- Movements of head in response to Visual and Auditory stimuli.
- 27. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 27 NAME OF TRACT ORIGIN PATHWAY TERMINATION FUNCTION EFFECT OF LESION ANT. CORTICO SPINAL PRIMARY PRE MOTO AREA UNCROSSED ANTERIOR NERVE ROOT GANGLION VOLUNTARY MOTOR ACTIVITIES LOSS OF VOLUNTARY ACTIVITIES SPASTICITY, HYPERTONIA EXAGGERATED, BRISK REFLEXES HEMIPARESIS HEMI & OR QUADRI PLEGIA LAT. CORTICO SPINAL PRIMARY PRE MOTO AREA CROSSED ANT. VESTIBULO SPINAL MEDIAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS UNCROSSED MUSCLE TONE, POSTURE POSITION OF HEAD & BODY W.R.T GRAVITY & ACCELERATION DIFFICULTY IN MOVEMENTS OF HEAD & BODY W.R.T GRAVITY & ACCELERATION LAT. VESTRIBULO SPINAL LATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS
- 28. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 28 NAME OF TRACT ORIGIN PATHWAY TERMINATION FUNCTION EFFECT OF LESION TECTO SPINAL SUPERIOR COLLICULI CROSSED ANTERIOR NERVE ROOT GANGLION SPINO VISUAL REFLEX LOSS OF SPINO VISUAL REFLEX OLIVO SPINAL OLIVARY NUCLEUS – MEDULLA PROPRIOCEPTION LOSS OF PROPRIOCEPTION RUBRO SPINAL RED NUCLEUS – MB CROSSED FACILITATES MUSCLE TONE ALTERS MUSCLE TONE
- 29. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 29 NAME OF TRACT ORIGIN PATHWAY TERMINATIO N FUNCTION EFFECT OF LESION RETICULO SPINAL RETICULAR FORMATION – PONS & MEDULLA CROSSED ANTERIOR NERVE ROOT GANGLION VOLUNTARY MOTOR ACTIVITIES, MUSCLE TONE, REG. OF TONE OF BLOOD VESSELS, RESPIRATORY CONTROL DISTURBANCES IN RESPIRATION, BLOOD PRESSURE, MUSCLE TONE & MOVEMENTS OF BODY MEDIAL LONGITUDNAL FASICULUS SUPERIOR COLICULI, RETICULAR FORMATION, VESTIBULAR NUCLEI UNCROSSED ANTERIOR NERVE ROOT GANGLION REFLEX OCULAR MOVEMENTS WITH HEAD & NECK UNABLE TO PERFORM REFLEX OCULAR MOVEMENT
- 30. Dr. Aniket A.Shilwant, GJPIASR 30
- 31. Thank You All!!! Dr. Aniket A. Shilwant Assistant Professor Sharir Kriya Dept. GJP-IASR, CVM University Email – ayuraniket18@gmail.com http://ayugjac.edu.in/Staff_CV.aspx?dl=dn3Mja19480dn3Mja19 http://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=636K2sMAAAAJ&hl=en https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aniket_Shilwant