This topic gives a wide range of knowledge and information about calculating the maturity indices in minor fruits and vegetables

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COLLAGE OF AGRICULTURE
SUBJECT: - FOOD PROCESSING
TOPIC:-
MATURITY INDICES OF MINOR FRUITS&
VEGETABLES
DONE BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-
NAME: DEBASHIS SATAPATHY PROFF. MANOLI PATEL
PATITAPABAN ROUT FACULITY OF AGRICULTURE
ENROLL NO:-172037101212 PARUL UNIVERSITY, VADODARA
172037101202
ROLL NO : 134
126

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1 coconut
BOTANICAL NAME: Cocos nucifera L.
FAMILY: Arecaceae
Maturity Signs of Coconut :
1. The maturity of coconut will generally take place
in one year after the inflorescence appears
2. The fruit colour will change from green colour to
browning green or yellowish green.
3. There would be a peculiar & metalic sound
produced from the fruit when thumped.
4. All the nuts which are present in the bunch will
get matured at the same time in a uniform way.

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2 ARECANUT
BOTANICAL NAME: Areca catechu
FAMILY: Arecaceae
Maturity Signs of Arecanut:
1. Fruits is ready for harvesting in about 180
to 200 days from flowering.
2. First colour changes from green to
yellowish or orange.

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3 KARONDA
BOTANICAL NAME: Carissa carandas
FAMILY: Apocynaceae
Maturity Signs of karonda:
1. This fruit will usually need up to 3 months
to reach the stage of maturity after flowering.
2.The colour of the fruit will change from
light green to dark green
3.Development of red blush will take place on
the fruits of some varieties

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4.The specific gravity will be 1.01
approximately.
5. The T.S.S will be at 13% ,total sugars will
be at 2.3% and the acidity would be at 2.6%
4 JAMUN
BOTANICAL NAME: Syzygium cumini
FAMILY: Myrtaceae
Maturity Signs of jamun

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1.The plants of seedling jamun start bearing fruits
after approximately 10 years of the plantation
whereas the grafted jamun will bear the fruits after 7
years of plantation.
2.The colour of the fruit will change from green to
dark purple or black.

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5 KOKUM
BOTANICAL NAME: Garcinia indica
FAMILY:Clusiaceae
Maturity Signs of kokum
1.These fruit will usually need 100 days to reach the stage of
maturity after flowering.
2.The fruit colour will change from green to red or light green
or purple when it is ripened.
3.The fruit will reach the weight of 35 g.ms and it is
completely dependent on the variety.
4.The specific gravity of the fruit would be 1.5
5.The T.S.S will be 13.6%,acidity 3.6 and total sugar will be at
6.3

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6 CHERRY
BOTANICAL NAME: Prunus avium
FAMILY:Prunaceae
MATURITY SIGN OF CHERRY
1. A cherry tree will take three to four years once it is planted
in the orchard to produce its first crop of fruit, and seven
years to attain full maturity.
2. The entire cherry surface have a minimumof light red
color
3.colour and taste is the best method to pick the fruit in right
time

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7 LITCHI
1.BOTANICAL NAME:Litchi chinensis
FAMILY:Sapindaceae
MATURITY SIGN OF LITCHI
1.Maturity of the fruits is indicated by the red colour and fruit
size(minimum 25 mm diameter)
2.Besides colour,the maturity of the fruit is indicated when tubercles
become somewhat flattened and the shells become smooth.

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8 MANGOSTEEN
BOTANICALNAME: Garcinia Clusiaceae
FAMILY:Clusiaceae
MATURITY SIGN OF MANGOSTEEN
1.Skin colour change to reddish-purple is the primary maturity index
for mangosteen.
2.The fruit has a persistent calyx at the stem end and is picked with
calyx at the stem end and is picked with the peduncle attached .
3.The aril (pulp) seperates from the rind in ripe fruit .

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VEGETABLES
9 ASPARAGUS
BOTANICAL NAME:Asparagus officinalisvar altilis
FAMILY:Asparagaceae
MATURITY SIGN OF ASPARAGUS
1. ASPARAGUS spears are harvested as they emerge through soil from
underground.
2.Typically spears are cut when they reach approximately 23 c.m
3.Quality fresh asparagus will be dark green and firm with tightly
closed, compact tips.

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10 lETTUCE
BOTANICAL NAME: Lactuca sativa
FAMILY: Asteraceae.
MATURITY SIGN OF lETTUCE
1.Butterhead lettuce comes to maturity in 65 to 80 days
2. when the outer leaves grow to between 4 and 5 inches tall
3.Ripe leaf lettuce developsrich coloured well ruffled and
deeply lobed leaves upon maturity

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11 BREAD FRUIT
BOTANICAL NAME: Artocarpus altilis
FAMILY:jackfruit family (Moraceae)
MATURITY SIGN OF BREAD FRUIT
1.The fruit skin will turn brown, but the edible flesh will stay firm .
2.The skin colour of ripe fruit becomes yellow-green with red-brown
areas .
3.In addition,the stem of ripe fruit becomes yellow-green in colour.
4.A mature breadfruit will ripen and become soft in 1-3 days at room
temperature (it can be used as dessert dishs.)
5. A RIPE BREADFRUIT is soft to touch with a sweet aromatic
fragrance.

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12.COCCINIA
BOTANICAL NAME:Coccinia indica
FAMILY: cucurbitaceae
MATURITY SIGN OF COCCINIA
1.The harvested maturity of ivy gourd is determined by the fruit
colour which changes from green to light green .
2.The full ripen stage show fully red colour this stage not suitable for
edible purpose .
3.To avoid that harvested at light green colour.

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13. TURNIP
BOTANICAL NAME: Brassica rapa
FAMILY: Brassicaceae
MATURITY SIGN OF TURNIP
1.Turnips are reay to harvest 40 to 55 days after
planting .
2. The roots are ready for harvest after 5-6 weeks
3. Harvest turnips when they are the size of a golf ball to a
tennis ball
4. Pick small tender leaves for salads. Slightly larger leaves can be
cooked in dishes or wilted in a pan. If the leaves are too big, they are
usually bitter and not worth eating.

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14.Brussels sprout
BOTANICAL NAME: Brassica oleracea
FAMILY: Brassicaceae
MATURITY SIGN OF Brussels sprout
1.Brussels sprouts reach maturity 80 to 90 days after
transplanting and 100 to 110 days after sowing seed
depending on the variety.
2.Sprouts begin to formin lower leaf axils firstand then continue to develop and
mature upward. When sprouts mature, nearby leaves turn yellow.
 Harvestbuds when they are small and tight, about 1 to 1½ inch in diameter.

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 Break or cut off yellow leaves above developing buds as you harvest
upwards. Removeleaves justabove buds a few days beforeharvestleaving
about 2 inches of leaf stem on the stalk as you remove each leaf. This will
give developing buds roomto grow round.
 The harvestof buds fromone plant can last as long as 6 to 8 weeks.
 One plant can produceas many as 100 sprouts.
15. Winged Bean
BOTANICAL NAME:Psophocarpus tetragonalobus
FAMILY: leguminous family
MATURITY SIGN OF Winged Bean
1. At maturity, the pods are 6-9 inches long and 1½
inches broad, with four angled leaflike wings running

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lengthwise to the pods. Seeds are round and green
when mature.