The power point provides information related to various blood indices in health and disease.

1. BLOOD
Dr. E. Muralinath & Dr. M. Ramu Naik
College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh

2. Complete blood indices
•MCV: regarding the average volume of a
single RBC
•MCH: regarding the quantity or volume if
hemoglobin observed in one RBC
•NCHC: regarding the concentration of
hemoglobin in one RBC
•COLOR INDEX: regarding the ratio
between the percentage of hemoglobin
and the percentage of RBC

3. UNITS
•MCV: Cubic microns (cu.u)
•MCH: Microgram or picogram (pg)
•MCHC: Percentage ( %)
•NORMAL VALUE
•MCV = 78 - 90 cu.u
•MCH = 27 - 32 pg
•MCHC = 30 - 38%
•CI = 0.8 - 1.2

4. •NORMAL
• MCV: If MCV is normal, the RBC is termed as
normocytic
• MCHC: If MCHC is normal , the RBC is
normochromic
•ABNORMAL
• MCV enhancement: the cell is termed as
Macrocytic
• MCV reduction: The cell is termed as
microcytic
• MCHC reduction: the RBC is termed as
hypochromic
TERMINOLOGY

5. ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
 MCV: the RBCs are macrocytic in nature particularly in
Pernicious Anemia and megaloblastic anemia
 MCV: The RBCs are microcytic in nature especially on
iron deficiency anemia
 MCHC: The RBCs are macrocytic and normo chromic
or hypochromic particularly in Pernicious Anemia
and Megaloblastic anemia
 MCHC: the RBCs are microcytic and hypochromic
particularly in iron deficiency anemia
 Colour index
 Enhancement: Pernicious Anemia and
megaloblastic anemia
 Reduction: Iron deficiency anemia

6. FORMULAS
 MCV = PCV in 1000 mL or in 100 mL ×
10 ÷ RBC count in millions/cu.mm
 MCH = Hb in grams per 1000 mL of
blood ÷ RBC count in millions/cu.mm
 MCHC = Hb in grams/100mL of blood÷
PCV in 100 mL of blood
 Colour Index = Hemoglobin÷ RBC%

7. MORPHOLOGY CATEGORIZATION
• NORMOCYTIC ( MCV 80 -100 cu.u)
• Acute blood loss, Bone marrow failure
• Chronic disease, Hypersplenism
• RBC breakdown
• MICROCYTIC ( MCV <80 cu.u)
• Chronic disease/ inflammation
• Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning
• Sideroblastic anemia, Thalassemia
• MACROCYTIC ( MCV > 100 cu.u)
• B12 or folate deficiency
• Chemotherapy, Hemolytic with
reticulocytosis, Hypothyroidism

8. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MCV
 Iron deficiency anemia
 bleeding colonic polyp
 bleeding peptic ulcer disease
 colorectal adenocarcinoma
 Menorrhagia
 Anemia of chronic disease
 Auto immune diseases; chronic kidney disease,
primarily biliary cirrhosis & multiple sclerosis
 Malignancy
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Rheumatologic conditions namely SLE
Sideroblastic anemia

9. Sideroblastic anemia
congenital type
Helicobacter pylori infection
Bacterial infection
Thalassemia
 Two types
Alpha thalassemia: alpha 1, Alpha 2
Alpha 3 / hemoglobin H disease, Alpha
Beta thalassemia: beta thalassemia
minor, beta thalassemia major

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