“ A walk to power scenario in INDIA”

1. “ A walk to power scenario in
INDIA”
By: Dhirendra Shukla
Branch - Mechanical Engineering
Roll No. – 0536ME141022

2. INTRODUCTION
• From the time immemorial human race has survived, grown , flourished
and prospered on the basis of energy produced , established and
utilized .
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3. HISTORY
• The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted on 24
July 1879.
• The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea estate
at Sidrapong for the Darjeeling Municipality in 1897.
• The first hydroelectric power station in j&k was established at mohra in
baramulla by maharaja partap Singh in 1905.
• Company (B.E.S.T.) set up a generating station in 1905 to provide
electricity for the tramway.
• The first electric train ran between Bombay's Victoria Terminus and Kurla
along the Harbour Line.
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4. First hydel power project at darjelling established in 1897
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5. Electricity sector in INDIA
• The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of
205.34 Gigawatt (GW) as of June 2012, the world's fifth
largest.
• Thermal power plants constitute 68% of the installed
capacity, hydroelectric about 16% and rest being a
combination of wind, small hydro, biomass, waste-to-
electricity, and nuclear.
• India generated 855 BU (855 000 MU i.e. 855 TW) electricity
during 2011-12 fiscal.
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8. On average, the Indian power plants using
India's coal supply consume about 0.7 kg of coal
to generate a kWh, whereas United States
thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of
coal per kWh.
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9. Types
Thermal power plants can deploy a wide range of
technologies. Some of the major technologies
include:
• Steam cycle facilities (most commonly used for large
utilities);
• Gas turbines (commonly used for moderate sized
peaking facilities);
• Cogeneration and combined cycle facility (the
combination of gas turbines or internal combustion
engines with heat recovery systems); and
• Internal combustion engines (commonly used for
small remote sites or stand-by power generation).
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10. Vindhyachal is the largest thermal
power plant in india with capacity of
3260 MW.
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11. The installed capacity of Thermal Power in India, as of June
30, 2011, was 115649.48 MW which is 65.34% of total
installed capacity.
• Current installed base of Coal Based Thermal Power is
96,743.38 MW which comes to 54.66% of total installed
base.
• Current installed base of Gas Based Thermal Power is
17,706.35 MW which is 10.00% of total installed capacity.
• Current installed base of Oil Based Thermal Power is
1,199.75 MW which is 0.67% of total installed capacity.
• The state of Maharashtra is the largest producer of
thermal power in the country.
• INDIA LACKS THE GOOD CALORIFIC VALUE COAL AND
IMPORTS 30% demand from INDONESIA.
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12. NUCLEAR POWER
• India had 4.8 GW of installed electricity
generation capacity using nuclear fuels
• India's Nuclear plants generated 32455
million units or 3.75% of total electricity
produced in India.
• India's nuclear power plant development
began in 1964 by commissioning of two
boiling water reactors at Tarapur.
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13. Capacity
• India's share of nuclear power plant generation
capacity is just 1.2% of worldwide nuclear power
production capacity, making it the 15th largest
nuclear power producer.
• Nuclear power provided 3% of the country's total
electricity generation in 2011.
• India aims to supply 9% of it electricity needs
with nuclear power by 2032.
• 2032. India's largest nuclear power plant project
under implementation is at Jaitapur, Maharashtra
in partnership with Areva, France.
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14. LARGEST MASONARY DAM IN THE WORLD
NAGARJUNA DAM IN KARNATKA
OVER KRISHNA RIVER
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16. WIND ENERGY
o India has the fifth largest installed wind power
capacity in the world.
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17. WIND PLANT
• The largest wind power generating state was
TAMIL NADU accounting for 30% of installed
capacity, followed in decreasing order by
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, and
Rajasthan.
• The state of Gujarat is estimated to have the
maximum gross wind power potential in India,
with a potential of 10.6 GW.
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18. GEO-THERMAL ENERGY
• India's geothermal energy installed capacity is
experimental. Commercial use is insignificant.
• India has about 340 hot springs spread over the
country. Of this, 62 are distributed along the
northwest Himalaya, in the States of Jammu and
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
• Andaman and Nicobar arc is the only place in
India where volcanic activity geo-thermal energy
is present.
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20. TIDAL WAVE ENERGY
• India is surrounded by sea on three sides, its
potential to harness tidal energy is significant.
• The Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kutch
on India's west coast where the maximum
tidal range is 11 m and 8 m with average tidal
range of 6.77 m and 5.23 m respectively AND
4m is sufficient.
• Barrage technology could harvest about 8 GW
from tidal energy in India, mostly in Gujarat.
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21. BIO-MASS POWER
• In this system biomass, bagasse, forestry and agro residue
& agricultural wastes are used as fuel to produce electricity.
• In 2011, India started a new initiative with the aim to
demonstrate medium size mixed feed biogas-fertilizer pilot
plants. This technology aims for generation,
purification/enrichment, bottling and piped distribution of
biogas.
• India has additionally commissioned 158 projects under its
Biogas based Distributed/Grid Power Generation
programme, with a total installed capacity of about 2 MW.
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22. • India has additionally commissioned 158 projects under its
Biogas based Distributed/Grid Power Generation
programme, with a total installed capacity of about 2 MW.
• India is rich in biomass and has a potential of 16,881MW
(agro-residues and plantations), 5000MW (bagasse
cogeneration) and 2700MW (energy recovery from waste).
• Biomass power generation in India is an industry that
attracts investments of over INR 600 crores every year,
generating more than 5000 million units of electricity and
yearly employment of more than 10 million man-days in
the RURAL areas.
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23. THERE ARE 5 GRIDS IN INDIA:
• 1. Northern Grid
• 2. Southern Grid ( not connected with other
grids)
• 3. Western Grid
• 4 . Eastern Grid
• 5. North- Eastern Grid
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27. ADVANTAGES
• Brightness is equal to or greater than existing lighting
technologies (incandescent or fluorescent) and light is well
distributed over the area lighted by the fixture.
• Light output remains constant over time, only decreasing
towards the end of the rated lifetime (at least 35,000 hours
or 12 years based on use of 8 hours per day).
• Excellent color quality. The shade of white light appears
clear and consistent over time.
• Efficiency is as good as or better than fluorescent lighting.
• Light comes on instantly when turned on.
• No flicker when dimmed.
• No off-state power draw. The fixture does not use power
when it is turned off, with the exception of external
controls, whose power should not exceed 0.5 watts in the
off state.
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28. IMPROVEMENT IN POWER QUALITY
• Power shortage/quality thus leads to large scale use of Voltage
Stabilizers, Inverters, Generators, UPS Systems, etc.
• Such Electrical Equipments, which require unwanted investments, in turn
not only lead to enhanced shortage in the overall situation but also
cause air and soil pollution by burning of coal, diesel, etc.
• Widespread use of lead-acid batteries in these equipments further
causes pollution of soil and water Voltage Stabilizers don’t have
efficiencies better than 80%. While a 1.5 Tr AC consumes 2 units; its
stabilizer consumes 0.4 units; it even consumes power if left ON when
AC is OFF.
• Assuming we have 10 Million ACs in India; on account of stabilizers for
ACs alone we lose around 4 million units, even during peak hours, which
is double the power generated by many large generating stations.
• Assuming an AC runs for 5 hours in a day, this means a loss of 20 million
units per day.
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29. CONCLUSION
• INDIA HAS A VAST POTENTIAL TO BE THE
ENERGY SURPULUS STATE DUE TO ITS
ABUNDANT RESOURCES AND EASY
AVAILABILITY, BUT IT NEEDS TO CUT ITS POWER
LOSSES AND CONTROL OVER POPULATION
WHICH LEDS TO OVERBURDEN ON ITS
PRODUCTION.
• India has the reputation of having the highest
distribution losses in the world with a figure of
nearly 47%, ranking above Burma with 36 %
losses and Bangladesh at 33 %.
• How do we bring these losses down and become
an energy surplus Nation?
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