The document provides information on various varieties of figs, apricots, cherries, loquats, and persimmons. It describes the botanical names, origins, characteristics, and popular varieties of each fruit. For example, it states that figs originated in Asia Minor and lists four main types: Common/Adriatic, Smyrna, San Pedro, and Capri. It provides details on morphological features and cultivation requirements for many varieties within each fruit type.

1. Varieties of Fig, Apricot, Cherries,
Loquat and Persimmon
Deepa T

2. 2
Fig

3. Fig
3
 Botanical name : Ficus carica
 Family : Moraceae
 Chromosome no. : 2n =26
 Origin : Asia minor

4. 4
 Small deciduous subtropical fruit.
 Edible part : syconium
 Tolerate low temperature of -12°c
 Perform well under T of 15-22°c
 Sweet fruit eaten fresh or dried.
 Types –
1. Common/Adriatic fig(edible)
2. Smyrna fig
3. San Pedro
4. Capri fig

5. 5
Type Popular
varieties
Flower
type
Mode of
pollination
No. of
crops
Listed
varieties
Other
features
Edible fig
Poona
Long
styled
pistillate
flowers
Fruit
develops
parthenoca
rpically
1 470 Seeds are
hollow with
out inner
kernels
and the
embryo.
Some
varieties
produce a
small
breba or
first crop
Conardia
Mission
Kadota
Brown
Turkey

6. 6
Type Popular
varieties
Flower
type
Mode of
pollination
No. of
crops
Listed
varieties
Other
features
Smyrna
Calimyrna
Long
styled
pistillate
flowers
Female
wasps
emerging
from the
spring caprifig
enter Smyrna
fig for
oviposition
and in the
process effect
pollination.
1 116 Originated
from the
caprifig. T
he fertile
seeds
contribute
to the
excellent
fruit quality
Zidi
Taranimt

7. 7
Type Popular
varieties
Flower
type
Mode of
pollination
No. of
crops
Listed
varieties
Other
features
San Pedro King Long
styled
pisitillat
e
flowers
First
crop(breba),
fruit develops
with out
pollination
but not
second
crop(main)
2 21 Commercia
lly not very
important
some whit
e large
fruited
types are
grown in
mediterran-
ean
countries
for drying
Gentile
San Pedro
Dauphine
Lampeiria

8. 8
Type Popular
varieties
Flower
type
Mode of
pollination
No. of
crops
Listed
varieties
Other
features
Wild fig or
Caprifig
(male or
goat fig)
Roading3 Flowers
short
styled
pistillate
flowers
and
functiona
l
staminat
e
flowers
near the
ostiole
Self fertile 3 20 A primitive
type. Fruit
s have
almost no
edible
value, but
serves as
and abode
for fig
wasp and
Smyrna
and San
Pedro figs
Samson
Stanford
Brawely

9. Poona Fig
9
 Fruit : bell shaped, medium, 20-30g
 Skin : thin, light purple with red flesh, sweet, good
flavour
 Most popular – cultivated near Pune
 For fresh consumption and drying purpose

10. Dinkar
10
 Released by Marathawada Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Parbani
 Commercial cultivation in Maharashtra
 Medium type variety in yield
 Produces about 200-300 fruits/ ha

11. 11
Fegra fig (Ficus palmata):
 Small fruited fig of excellent taste
 Grows wild in the mid-hill region of the Western
Himalayas.

12. International Varieties
12
Conardia :
• Good for table and
drying purpose
• Resistance to cracking
• Fruit pyriform, yellowish
green, pulp bright red.
• Flesh white in colour
• Single fruit weighs 50g.

13. 13
Flanders :
 Dries well
 Splitting occurs in unfavorable conditions
 Fruit globose in form
 Neck thick yellowish green in colour
 Pulp amber coloured

14. 14

15. 15
Excel:
 No splitting of fruit takes place
 Very good for fresh, drying and canning
 Ovoid to globose
 Pulp amber
 Flesh white

16. 16
Gulbun :
 Fruits with few splitting
 Large 65-80g
 Good cropper
 Light yellow colour
 Shape round flat
 Pulp light pink
 Flesh white

17. 17
Evrem:
 Mid season cultivar high yielding
 Attractive with no splitting
 Fruit yellow round flat and small
 Avg wt-35-50g
 Pulp greenish and white flesh

18. 18
Black Jack
 Fruit : large to very
large purplish-brown
 Strawberry flesh with
taste
 Small spreading tree.

19. 19
Black Mission
 Large fruit with purplish
black skin, strawberry
flesh
 Most productive variety
 Best for eating fresh or
drying.

20. California Brown Turkey
20
Brown Turkey
 One of the largest fig
with watermelon-colored
flesh and violet-brown
skin
 Requires considerable
heat to ripen evenly
 Vigorous grower, for
large spaces

21. 21
White Genoa
 Delicious flavored
green skinned fig with
pale rose pulp
 Well adapted to cooler
coastal areas.

22. 22
Osborne Prolific
 Yellow, striped purplish-
brown skin on ribs,
milky white flesh
 Medium size fruit and
tree

23. 23
Verte
 Excellent, medium size,
sweet, greenish yellow,
thin skinned
 Red flesh resembles
strawberry.
 Possess a fine,
excellent flavor either
fresh or dried.

24. 24
Violette De Bordeaux
 Small jet-black fruit with
dark red flesh.
 Rich flavor, good fresh
or dried

25. 25
Kadota
 Medium -sized lemon
yellow fruit with thick
skin
 Very sweet amber flesh
with few seeds
 Long lived and
extremely vigorous

26. 26
Persimmo
n

27. Persimmon
27
 Botanical name : Diospyros kaki L
 Family : Ebenaceae
 Chromosome no. : 2n =60
 Origin : China

28. Varieties
28
Hachiya :
 Widely cultivated persimmon cultivar
 Fruit large, oblong, glossy, orange red, astringent
type
 Apex pointed
 Calyx persistent
 Astringent till it is soft
 Usually seedless
 Quality very good

29. Hachiya
29

30. Cinnamon
30
 Sub variety of Hachiya,

31. 31
Hykume :
 Fruit medium to large in size, angular
 Four sided pale orange in colour mottled

32. 32
Izu :
 Non astringent, matures early
 Orange red flat in shape
 Appearance attractive
 Susceptible to fruit fly attack
 Plant with medium upright growth.

33. 33
Jiro :
 Non astringent
 Tree upright and vigorous
 Fruit ripen in mid season
 Large orange red
 Calyx large
 Quality excellent

34. 34
Fuyu :
 Late ripening cultivar
 Plant medium vigour with spreading growth habit
 Crown rounded
 Fruit medium sized oblate
 Skin orange to deep red with 4 distinct lines
 Excellent quality and storage

35. Tamopan
35
 Colour: golden red, tender, juicy with a distinctive
acorn shape.
 Fruit : very large, thick skin; can be eaten with a
spoon from the half shell like an avocado
 Flesh : very sweet
 Excellent for cooking and baking.
 Self-fertile.

36. Eurekha
36
 Vigorous producer
 Bright orange fruit, astringent until ripe
 Starts bearing around the third year
 Begins to ripen in October and continues late in
December
 Semi-dwarf tree

37. Organic Sweet Pumpkin Persimmon
37
 This is even sweeter than Fuyu,
 Fruit : crispy and delicious

38. Giombo
38
 Large fruit
 Very productive
 Excellent taste
 Most cold hardy
 Self-fruitful, astringent

39. Suruga
39
 Red, semi-flat fruit
 Very sweet, excellent taste
 Vigorous, slightly upright tree
 Non-astringent

40. 40
Loquat

41. LOQUAT
41
 Botanical name : Eriobotrya japonica
 Family : Rosaceae
 Chromosome no. : 2n= 34
 Origin : Southern China

42. 42
 Evergreen
 Fruit : pome, non- climacteric
 Largest producer : Spain
 Rich source of vit . A
 Seedlessness due to triploidy
 Limiting factor for cultivation : frost

43. Varieties
43
 A good dessert loquat should be :
Sweet, pulpy, mellow and melting in nature with
pleasant flavour
 On the basis of variation in maturity time, fruit colour,
shape and origin
 A) Chinese group : fruit pyriform, deep orange and
large
 B) Japanese group : fruit small, rounded, yellow and
slender

44. Early (varieties which ripen from
mid- March)
44
1) Golden yellow
 Tall and fast growing , upright spreading in nature
 Compact with roundish- oval crown
 Leaves : large, lanceolate
 Fruit : medium in size, oval to oblong
 Calyx : persistent, pubescent, thin , velvety and
golden yellow
 Pulp : pale yellow to orange, soft, smooth, sub
acidic in taste
 Mild flavour with black smooth seeds

45. 45

46. 46
2)Improved golden yellow:
 Tree and fruit characters very closely resembles to
golden yellow.
 Crown is more open
 Fruit shape oval to pyriform
 Pulp : thick and more seedy

47. 47
3) Large round:
 Vigorous spreading tree
 Crown : compact and uneven
 Leaves : dark green on upper surface, pubescent
below
 Fruit : medium sized, ovate ,globose and yellow
 Flesh: creamy, whitish at seed, thin firm

48. 48
5)Thames pride:
 Tall , fast growing
 Leaves: elliptic – lanceolate
 Fruit : medium in size, pyriform, deep yellow,
surface(velvety)
 Pulp : pale orange, medium thick
 Flavour : mild , seeds(moderate in number)

49. Mid-season (start ripening from
last week of March)
49
1) Safeda :
 Vigorous , upright tree
 Leaves : elliptic – lanceolate
 Fruit : large, oblong to pyriform, pale yellow
 Flesh : creamish white, whitish at seed, smooth
tender, melts rapidly, juicy
 Excellent taste

50. 50
2)Fire ball :
 Fruit : small, oblong to ovate, saffron-yellow
 Pulp: thick, corn husk colour, smooth and crisp, taste
(mild)
 Sub acid and moderately seeded

51. 51
3) Improved pale yellow:
 Fruit :medium, oblong- pyriform
 Pulp medium thick, cream colour, smooth and soft,
pleasant taste, sub acid and moderately seeded
4) Large Agra:
 Fruit : medium, oblong to ovate
 Pulp :medium thick , pale orange, smooth and firm,
pleasant taste, sub acid and moderately seeded

52. 52
5) Mammoth :
 Fruit small, oblong-pyriform
 Colour – white, pulp- medium, orange coarse and
granular, pleasant taste, sub acid and few seeded
6) Matchless:
 Pulp- medium, orange , coarse and granular
 Pleasant taste, sub acid and few seeded

53. Late (start ripening from mid-
April)
53
1) Tanaka:
 Dwarf tree, growth – medium, crown – compact
 Leaves : elliptic – lanceolate
 Fruit : small orange in colour, oval- ovate
 Pulp : medium thick, yellow, firm, moderately seedy

54. 54
2)California advance:
 Moderate growth, dwarf tree, upright
 Crown – open and round
 Fruit : oblong – pyriform , medium , surface :pale
yellow
 Pulp: yellow, firm, thick, taste – sub acidic
 Pleasant with many seeds

55. 55
Centenaria:
 Mizuho x Mogi
 Vigorous, regular bearer
 Fruit : large yellow – orange , attractive uniform with
some purple spots
 Flesh : yellow, firm , seeds (5-6)

56. Orange fleshed varieties
56
Big Jim
 Originated in San Diego
 Large, roundish to oblong fruit
 Skin pale orange-yellow, medium-thick, easy to peel.
 Flesh orange-yellow, very sweet
 Excellent flavor.

57. Early Red
57
 Medium-large, pear-shaped fruit
 Borne in compact clusters
 Skin orange-red with white dots
 Excellent flavor

58. Golden nugget
58
 Large, round to oblong fruit
 Skin yellowish orange to orange
 Flesh orange-colored, juicy, firm and fleshy
 Sweet flavour
 Tree vigorous, upright, self-fertile

59. Mogi
59
 Selected from Mogi, Japan
 Small, elliptical fruit
 Skin light yellow
 Flesh relatively sweet
 Ripens in early spring
 Tree cold-sensitive, self-fertile.

60. Mrs. Cooksey
60
 New Zealand cultivar.
 Large fruit, yellow flesh of very good flavor.

61. Strawberry
61
 Medium-sized fruit with yellow flesh.
 Named for the strawberry-like flavor

62. Wolfe
62
 Originated in Florida
 Fruit obovoid to slightly pyriform
 Skin yellow, relatively thick
 Flesh juicy, firm, flavor excellent
 Excellent for cooking

63. White fleshed varieties
63
Advance Japanese
 Medium to large, pear-shaped to elliptic-round fruit
 Deep yellow in color
 Borne in clusters
 Skin downy, thick and tough
 Flesh whitish, translucent, melting and very juicy
 Pleasant flavour and good quality

64. Champagne
64
 Fruit medium to large, oval to pyriform
 Fruit cluster large, loose
 Skin deep yellow in color with a grayish bloom
 Flesh whitish, translucent, melting and very juicy

65. Cherries
65
CherriesCherrie
s

66. Sweet cherry
66
 Botanical name : Prunus avium
 Family : Rosaceae
 Chromosome no. : 16
 Origin : S-E Europe and N-W Asia
 India : Kashmir, HP and hills of UP

67. 67
 Delicious fruit
 Mainly for table purpose
 Rich in protein , sugar and minerals, more calorific
value than apple
 Requires colder climate
 Cherry blossom is very sensitive to spring frost
 Plant is very sensitive to waterlogging
 Flavour – Methyl anthrinilate and Methyl salicylate
 Colouring compound : Keracyanin chloride

68. Varieties
68
Heart group ;
 Fruit –heart shaped , soft and tender flesh
 Colour –dark with reddish juice to light coloured with
colourless juice
Bigarreau group:
 Fruit : roundish
 colour of fruit and juice varies from dark to bright red

69. Varieties recommended for
different states
69
State Varieties
Jammu & Kashmir Black heart, Early purple black
heart, Guigne Noir Gross Lucenta,
Guigne Noir Hative, Guigne
Pourpova Precece, Bigarreau
Napoleon and Bigarreau Noir
Gross
HP Black Tartarian, Bing, Nepolean
White, Sam, Sue, Stella, Van,
Lambert, Black Republican, Pink
Early, White Heart and Early
Rivers
UP Bedford, Prolific, Black Heart,
Governor’s Wood

70. 70
Early Rivers
 Very old cultivar, still in cultivation, have no. of desirable
characters
resistance to cracking
bears regularly though in fair quantities
 One of the finest early ripening variety(early May)
 Fruit – large, oval and black in colour
 Flesh pink to reddish highly flavoured, sweet in taste

71. 71
Bing
 Very popular, commercially grown variety in almost
all growing areas of the world.
 Tree :upright, spreading, bears moderate to
profusely
 Fruits :large to very large, roundish, skin red black
coloured
 Flesh: dark very firm and crisp, sweet, flavourful and
aromatic
 Juice dark red
 Major defects- fruit cracking in rain, flowers are very
tender to low temperature, self sterile

72. 72

73. 73
Compact Lambert
 Dwarf
 Foliage(dense), late flowering, heavy bearing
 Fruit : medium
 Obtained from Lambert through induced radiation
mutation

74. 74
Compact Stella
 Radiation induced mutant of Stella
 Used as pollinizer
 Developed in Canada
 Precocious, self compatible, heavy bearer
 Fruit – heart shape, oval, black
 Flesh – moderately firm
 For dessert and canning purpose

75. 75
Van
 Developed in Canada
 Open pollinated seedling of “Empress Eugenie”
 Self sterile
 Tree – hardy and vigorous
 Fruits – large, bright glossy red skin,
 Juice- less, pale red in colour
 Fruit stalk very small

76. 76
Celeste
 Developed in Canada
 Vigorous, productive,
 Fruit – matures early, large,
 Flesh – dark, good flavour

77. 77
Sunburst
 Developed in Canada
 Self fruitful, precocious
 Fruit – large, slightly heart shaped
 Flesh – pale red, juicy, aromatic
 Stone adhere to flesh

78. 78
Lapins
 Van x Stella
 Developed in Canada
 Tree – upright, productive
 Fruit – large, heart shaped, less cracking
 Skin – purple red to dark red
 Flesh – firm, juicy, sweet

79. Sour cherry
79

80. Sour cherry
80
 Botanical name : Prunus cerasus
 P.avium x P.fruiticosa
 Used for canning or cooking
 Two groups (based on colour of fruit juice)
a. Amarelle – light red flesh and juice, flattened at
the ends, less acidic
b. Morello – very dark in colour, juice reddish, fruits
spherical or heart shaped

81. 81
Amarelle Group Morello Group
Montmorency
Early Richmont
English Morello
Olivet
Ostheim

82. International varieties
82
Montmorency
 Very old French cultivar
 Tree – hardy and productive, self fertile

83. 83
Early Richmont
 Tree : hardy
 Fruit : ripens early, inferior quality

84. 84
English Morello
 Small plants, hardy
 Fruits – medium size, roundish, dark red in colour
 Juice- dark red in colour

85. 85
North Star
 English Morello x Serbian Pie No.1
 Tree – hardy and self fertile, branches thin drooping
 Fruit – round, medium, intense red(both fruit and
juice)
 Dwarfing rootstocks for sweet cherries

86. 86
Duke
Cherry

87. Duke cherry
87
 Prunus gudouini
 Interspecific hybrid
 Sweet cherry (P.avium) x sour cherry (P.cerasus)
 Varieties- Ronald’s Duke
Royal Duke
May Duke
Arch Duke

88. 88
Apricot

89. APRICOT
89
 Botanical name : Prunus armeniaca
 Family : Rosaceae
 Chromosome no. : 2n=16
 Origin : North Eastern China

90. 90
 Drought resistant, salt tolerant hardy temperate fruit
crop
 Highly perishable fruit
 Wild apricot or Zardalu originated from India
 Fruit type : drupe
 Maturity time : May to June
 Ideal stage for freezing, canning and drying: Fully
ripe fruits

91. Varieties recommended for different states
91
State Varieties
HP
Mid hills New Castle, Early Shipley, Shakarpara
High hills Kaisha, Nugget, Royal, suffaida,
charmagz, Nari
Dry temparate Charmagz, Suffaida, Shakarpara,
Kaisha,
UP Charmagz, Kaisha, Moorpark,
Turkey,St. Ambroise, Early Shipley,
Chaubattia Alankar, Chaubattia Madhu,
Chaubattia Kesri, Bebeco
J & K
Ladak Halman, Rakchakarpa, Tokpopa,
Margulam, Narmu, Khante
Kashmir Turkey, Australian, Charmagz, Rogan,
Shakarpara
New promising varities for midhills
Early maturing Baiti, Beladi

92. Indian varieties
92
Chaubattia Alankar
 Kaisha x Charmagz
 Low chilling and early ripening
Chaubattia Madhu
 Turkey x Charmagz
 Early ripening
Chaubattia Kesri
 St.Ambroise x Charmagz
 Mid season variety
 High dessert quality, being very sweet, juicy and aromatic

93. 93
Halman
 Most important dessert and drying cultivar of Ladakh
 Fruit : medium sized, golden colour
 Flesh : very sweet, less juicy
Rakcha karpa
 Dessert cultivar
 Kernel : oil extraction

94. Shakarpara
94
 Delightful, white-fleshed apricot from Iran
 Medium to large fruit with light yellow skin with pink
blush on
 The pale yellow flesh is exceedingly sweet with
plum-like flavor
 Kernel : bold, sweet

95. International varieties
95
New Castle
 Very popular variety
 Regular bearing
 Fruit : Early ripening, roundish medium size, suture
prominent, Yellow in colour
 Flesh : yellow to orange, sweet juicy
 Stone partially free

96. 96
Shipley Early
 Excellent dessert cultivar
 Early ripening
 Fruit : creamish white
 Flesh : firm, white to creamish, very sweet and juicy
 Kernel : bitter in taste

97. 97
Royal
 Popular cultivar of mid hills
 Tolerate high heat
 Fruit : ripen by mid June, large, yellow in colour
 Flesh : firm yellow , sweet and juicy

98. 98
Nugget
 Regular bearer
 High fruit quality
 Fruits : medium large, round, thin and soft, dark
yellow to orange
 Flesh : firm, deep orange, sweet and juicy

99. 99
Charmagz
 Cultivated in higher altitudes
 Shy bearer
 Fruit :round, medium, straw yellow colored
 Flesh : pale yellow, flavour – aromatic,
 Very sweet, high sugar content, used for drying

100. 100
Harogem
 Evolved in Canada
 Self fruitful
 Fruit : round – ovate, bright red blush
 Flesh : orange, firm, moderate juice, high keeping
quality

101. 101
Moorpark
 Best variety when fully ripe, but shy in bearing
 Fruits : roundish, large
 Skin : light orange with light red blush
 Flesh : juicy, sweet and excellent in taste

102. 102
Harcot
 Oblong, yellow-orange apricot with rich, sweet flavor
 Frost-hardy late bloom
 Resists brown rot and perennial canker

103. Sungold
103
 Bright orange apricot with a sweet, mild flavor
 Use fresh, canned, or as jam
 Early to midseason harvest

104. Perfection
104
 Fruit is large, oval to oblong
 Light yellow–orange skin with a pebbly appearance
 Yellow to yellow-orange flesh
 Early harvest.

105. Reference
105
 Sharma G., O.C Sharma and B.S Thakur .
Systematics of Fruit Crops .2009. New India
Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
 Handbook of Horticulture. 2001. ICAR
 Muthukumar P. and Selvakumar. R. 2013. Glaustas
Horticulture. New Vishal Publications, New Delhi.
 http://www.iihr.ernet.in

106. 106
Thank
you….