This document provides information about avocados, including their botanical name (Persea americana), family (Lauraceae), origin (tropical America), and chromosome number (2n=24). It then discusses four physiological disorders that can affect avocados: grey pulp caused by moisture stress and sunlight; tip burn caused by chloride toxicity and high temperatures; pulp spot caused by moisture loss during post-harvest handling; and mesocarp discolouration caused by the polyphenol oxidase enzyme and increasing ethylene levels. Remedies for each disorder are also provided, such as proper irrigation management, incorporation of organic matter, and preventing cut surfaces from direct contact with air.

1. WELCOME
Submitted to:-
Dr.H.N.Leua
Assi.Professor
College of Horticulture
SDAU, Jagudan
Submitted by:-
Brahmbhatt Jay H.
M.Sc.Horticulture

3.  Botanical Name : Persea americana
 Family : Lauraceae
 Origin : Tropical America
 Chromosome No. : 2n=24
 Also known as : Fruit of new world
: 21st century fruit
: Butter Fruit

4. Physiological Disorders
1.Grey Pulp
 Moisture content of pulp down to 75%.
 It is prevalent in fruits grown in warmer areas.

5. Cause
 Due to Moisture stress.
 High sunlight affect.
Remedy
 Regular irrigation management.

6. 2.Tip burn
 Necrosis of the tips and margin of leaves.
 Falling off of leaves.
 Most prevalent in spring season.

7. Cause
 Chloride toxicity is responsible for this disorder.
 High temperature.
Remedy
 Deep ploughing and incorporation of organic matter
in soil.
 Regular irrigation.

8. 3.Pulp spot
 Black discoloration of vascular bundles at cut ends
of the fruit stalk.

9. Cause
 Moisture loss is responsible for pulp spot.
 It is a post harvest disorder.
 It occur due to low temperature in avocado.
Remedy
 Do not store at very low temperature and dry
condition.

10. 4. Mesocarp discolouration

11. Cause
 Due to polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO).
 Due to incresing amount of ethylene.
Remedy
 Prevent cut surface to direct contact with atmosphere.

12. REFERENCES
 Handbook of horticulture by K.L.Chadhdha
Published by Indian council of Agricultural
research(ICAR).
 Glaustus of Horticulture by Dr. P. Muthukumar
Dr. R. Selvakumar
 Basic of Horticulture by Jitendra Singh.