CURTAIN WALL GLAZING BY STUDENTS OF GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE THIS PRESENTATION IS PREPARED BY STUDIES AND DATA COLLECTIONS PURELY FROM INTERNET. WE HAVE NOT TRIED TO COPY ANY DATA BUT TO COLLECT THE RELEVANT IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING THE TOPIC IN ONE SINGLE PRESENTATION.

1. CURTAIN GLAZING
MADE BY:-
ABHISHEK GOYAL
AWANISH KESHRI
NANDNI SINHA
RITIK DIWAN
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION- IV

2. CURTAIN GLAZING
• IT IS DEFINED AS A NON-STRUCTURAL EXTERIOR BUILDING WALL
• IT DOESN’T CARRIES ANY STRUCTURAL LOAD OF THE BUILDING EXCEPT IT’S SELF LOAD
• IT TRANSFERS IT’S SELF LOAD ON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING (BEAMS AND COLUMNS)
THROUGH CONNECTIONS.
• IT IS GENERALLY ASSEMBLED FROM ALUMINUM FRAMES, VISION GLASS AND SPANDREL GLASS (OR METAL
OR STONE) PANELS TO ENCLOSE A BUILDING FROM GRADE TO THE ROOF.
• IT IS AVAILABLE IN THREE SYSTEM TYPES TO INCLUDE THE STICK BUILT SYSTEM, THE UNITIZED (OR PANEL)
SYSTEM AND THE STRUCTURAL GLAZING SYSTEM (CAPLESS VERTICAL JOINTS).
• THE CURTAIN WALL IS THE MOST AIRTIGHT AND WEATHER RESISTANT CLADDING AND EXTERIOR WALL
SYSTEM.

3. CURTAIN GLAZING
• CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM COMPRISES ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF FACADE TECHNOLOGY IN HIGH RISE
BUILDING.
• FACADES INVOLVES WINDOW WALL, CLADDING ELEMENTS AND CURTAIN WALLS WHICH GENERATES THE
EXTERIOR ENVELOPE OF THE BUILDING.
• THE CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS NOW POSSESS STRUCTURAL IMPORTANCE EQUIVALENT TO THAT GAINED BY
OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING.
• AS IT HAS A HIGHER EXPOSURE TO EXTERIOR ATMOSPHERE, IT HAS TO BE PROPERLY DESIGNED, INSTALLED
AND MAINTAINED KEEPING IN MIND THE FUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY.

4. CURTAIN GLAZING FUNCTIONS
• ELIMINATION OF WATER PENETRATION
• AIR IMPERMEABILITY
• RESISTANCE TO WIND, THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC
ACTION
• SOLAR LEVELS
ELIMINATION OF WATER PENETRATION
• Water penetration is the fundamental function of a facade.
• Here bringing a completely impermeable sealed curtain panel system is not possible.
• Hence two stages of prevention are placed. Primary level where complete defense of water is conducted
and if that fails a secondary level where a direction to let percolated water to drained out has to be
provided.
AIR IMPERMEABILITY
THIS FUNCTION IS MORE OF AN ENVIRONMENT CONCERN TO REDUCE THE EMISSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE DUE TO
RATE OF HEAT LOSS OR GAIN WITHIN THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.

5. CURTAIN GLAZING FUNCTIONS
SOLAR LEVELS
• THIS CAN BE REDUCED BY PROVIDING A SELECTIVE SOLAR CONTROL COATING ON ONE OF THE SURFACES
OF THE GLASS.
• THIS COATING IS CALLED SELECTIVE BECAUSE SOLAR RADIATION OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS IS
SELECTIVELY ALLOWED TO PASS THROUGH THE COATING: VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT ARE ALLOWED
TO PASS MORE FREELY THAN INFRARED WAVELENGTHS.
• FOR EXAMPLE, SPACES FOR EXHIBITIONS OR DISPLAYS OF MATERIALS CAN UNDERGO DEGRADATION DUE
TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION. FOR THIS A UV-INHIBITING FILM CAN BE APPLIED TO THE SURFACE OF
GLAZING.
RESISTANCE TO WIND, THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC ACTION
• Wind actions are transferred by the cladding system to the building floors which act as a linear support.
Building cladding systems formed of large panels are usually one-way spanning. Each floor level therefore
supports one level of wind load on a building.
• THERMAL INSULATION FUNCTION WHICH IS STRICTLY NECESSARY FOR A FACADE IN ORDER TO REDUCE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSIONS. INSULATED MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED TO BOTH OPAQUE
AS WELL AS TRANSPARENT AREAS.

6. CURTAIN GLAZING FUNCTIONS
SOLAR LEVELS
• THIS CAN BE REDUCED BY PROVIDING A SELECTIVE SOLAR CONTROL COATING ON ONE OF THE SURFACES
OF THE GLASS.
• THIS COATING IS CALLED SELECTIVE BECAUSE SOLAR RADIATION OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS IS
SELECTIVELY ALLOWED TO PASS THROUGH THE COATING: VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT ARE ALLOWED
TO PASS MORE FREELY THAN INFRARED WAVELENGTHS.
• FOR EXAMPLE, SPACES FOR EXHIBITIONS OR DISPLAYS OF MATERIALS CAN UNDERGO DEGRADATION DUE
TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION. FOR THIS A UV-INHIBITING FILM CAN BE APPLIED TO THE SURFACE OF
GLAZING.
RESISTANCE TO WIND, THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC ACTION
• WIND ACTIONS ARE TRANSFERRED BY THE CLADDING SYSTEM TO THE BUILDING FLOORS WHICH ACT AS A LINEAR
SUPPORT. BUILDING CLADDING SYSTEMS FORMED OF LARGE PANELS ARE USUALLY ONE-WAY SPANNING.
• EACH FLOOR LEVEL THEREFORE SUPPORTS ONE LEVEL OF WIND LOAD ON A BUILDING.
• THERMAL INSULATION FUNCTION WHICH IS STRICTLY NECESSARY FOR A FACADE IN ORDER TO REDUCE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSIONS.
• INSULATED MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED TO BOTH OPAQUE AS WELL AS TRANSPARENT AREAS.

7. TYPES OF CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS ARE FACTORY PRE CASTED SYSTEMS. THEY ARE BOUGHT TO THE SITE AND
ASSEMBLED. THESE ARE OF TWO TYPES BASED ON THE WAY EACH COMPONENT IS ASSEMBLED.
• STICK CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
• UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
STICK CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
• IT INVOLVES ITS COMPONENTS TO BE ASSEMBLED PIECE BY PIECE ON THE BUILDING AT THE SITE.
• THESE ARE MAINLY INSTALLED IN LOW RISE BUILDING OR SMALL REGIONS.
• THIS IS BECAUSE, TO REACH HIGHER ELEVATIONS EXTERIOR ACCESS IS ESSENTIAL.
• FOR THIS ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS LIKE SCAFFOLDING, CRANES ETC. WILL BE REQUIRED.
• THE ABOVE SYSTEM GAINS THE ADVANTAGE OF LOW SHIPPING COST AS ONSITE ADJUSTMENTS ARE POSSIBLE. BUT
THE TIME AND LABOR CONSUMPTION IS RECORDED TO BE HIGH.

8. TYPES OF CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS
• IT INVOLVES ASSEMBLING BY MEANS OF INTERLOCKING UNITS THAT ARE BOUGHT FROM THE FACTORY.
• THE WHOLE COMPONENTS ARE BOUGHT TOGETHER AS A SINGLE UNIT FROM THE FACTORY.
• INDIVIDUAL INSTALLATION OF EACH COMPONENT ARE NOT NECESSARY AS IN STICKY CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM.
• THE SIZE OF THE UNITIZED CURTAIN WALLS ARE DEPENDENT ON THE FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING.
HENCE IT IS ESSENTIAL TO KEEP IN MIND THE MODE OF TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION WHILE PLANNING
THE DEPTH OF FACADE. THIS SYSTEM IS MAINLY USED IN HIGH RISE BUILDING.
• THIS DOES NOT REQUIRE EXTERIOR SUPPORTS LIKE CRANES OR SCAFFOLDING. ONLY MINI CRANES OR A
TEMPORARY HOIST CAN BE HELD OVER FLOOR TO KEEP IT HELP DURING INSTALLATION.

9. COMPONENTS OF A CURTAIN WALL
THE COMPLETE UNIT CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS:
• TRANSOM
• MULLIONS
• VISION GLASS
• ANCHOR
TRANSOM AND MULLIONS
• TRANSOM OR HORIZONTAL RAILS ARE HORIZONTAL MEMBERS ON THE CURTAIN WALL PANEL.
• THE MULLIONS OR VERTICAL RAILS ARE ANCHORED TO THE EDGE SLAB OR BEAM. THESE ARE MAINLY
INVOLVED IN SUPPORTING THE DEAD WEIGHT OF THE CURTAIN WALL.
• IN CONVENTIONAL OR STICKY CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM EACH SYSTEM HAS TO BE PLACED ONE AFTER THE
OTHER. HIGH QUALITY CHECK AND PRECISION IN REQUIRED FOR THE INSTALLATION. BUT IN UNITIZED
SYSTEM THE FACTORY PRODUCT COMES AS TWO UNITS ALONE WHICH HAS TO CONNECTED.

10. COMPONENTS OF A CURTAIN WALL
PANEL FRAMING DETAILS OF CURTAIN WALLS
• UNITIZED SYSTEM IS IDENTIFIED BY THE SPLIT MULLIONS AND THE TRANSFORMS THAT ARE EVIDENT IN THE
PANEL PERIMETERS.
• IN CASE OF STICKY CURTAIN WALL, THERE IS NO SORT OF SPLITS ALL FORMS A SINGLE UNIT. DURING LONGER
SPANS, THERE WILL BE A NEED FOR INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM WHICH WOULD ESSENTIALLY SPLIT THE
ENTIRE VERTICAL PANEL INTO TWO.
• IN ORDER TO PREVENT CONDENSATION, MULLIONS AND TRANSOM ARE THERMALLY BROKEN. THIS
PREVENTS COLD BRIDGING.

11. COMPONENTS OF A CURTAIN WALL
WEATHER TIGHTNESS OF CURTAIN WALLS
• THE WEATHER TIGHTNESS MAINLY DEALS WITH THE ISSUE OF WATER PERMEABILITY.
• IN ORDER TO AVOID THIS IMPERMEABLE INSULATING UNITS (GLAZED UNITS) ARE EMPLOYED. IN ADDITION
TO WHICH A GASKET IS PROVIDED WHICH LEADS TO A REBATE.
• ANY WATER THAT MOVES INTO THE GASKET IS LEAD TO THE REBATE WHICH IN TURN IS DRAINED OUT
THROUGH THE TRANSOM JOINTS OR MULLIONS ENDS.
SUPPORT CONDITIONS OF CURTAIN WALLS
• AS DISCUSSED CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS ARE HUNG FROM TOP WHICH ARE LATERALLY SUPPORTED AT
DIFFERENT FLOOR LEVELS. MOST OF THE SUPPORTS ARE HELD AT THE EDGE BEAMS. HENCE IT IS ESSENTIAL TO
HAVE A HIGHLY STIFFENED EDGE BEAM IN ORDER TO AVOID LARGER DEFLECTIONS.
• THESE VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS COULD DISTURB THE WHOLE CURTAIN SYSTEM. SO PROPER EDGE BEAM
PROVISION WOULD PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE CURTAIN WALL AND CLADDING SYSTEM PARTICULARLY WHEN IT
IS HIGHLY GLAZED.
• AS AN ALTERNATIVE STEEL STRONG BACKS CAN BE PROVIDED SO THAT THEY CAN SPAN BETWEEN THE
PERIMETER COLUMNS AND HENCE IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO CONNECT TO THE EDGE BEAMS OR FLOOR SLABS.
THE STRONG BACKS ARE MAINLY HOT ROLLED SECTIONS.

12. COMPONENTS OF A CURTAIN WALL
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF CURTAIN WALLS
• CURTAIN WALLS ARE CONSIDERED AS STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING.
• AS IT ACTS AS A PARTITION BETWEEN EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT OF THE BUILDING, IT HAS A
ROLE IN TRANSMISSION OF LOADS ACTING FOR STRUCTURAL STABILITY.
• IT TRANSMITS WIND INDUCED LOADS TO THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE. IT ALSO RESISTS THE SEISMIC
ACCELERATIONS KEEPING THE OCCUPANTS COMFORTABLE.
• OTHER THAN THIS IT HAS TO RESIST GRAVITY LOADS COMING OVER IT.
• WHEN CONSIDERING THE DURABILITY OF THE BUILDING, CURTAIN WALLS PLAY AN EFFICIENT ROLE IN
ADAPTING TO DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGES. THIS IS BECAUSE OF THE CASE IN HIGH RISE BUILDING, AS
THE NUMBER OF FLOORS THE TEMPERATURE SEEMS HIGH AND WOULD BE A RISK FACTOR FOR THE
OCCUPANTS WORKING IN THOSE FLOORS.
• IT IS ALSO REQUIRED TO HAVE RESISTANCE AGAINST WATER PENETRATION AND HENCE STOP CORROSION.

13. PROPOSAL FOR UNITIZES SYSTEM OF ALUMINIUM
GLASS CURTAIN WALL GLAZING

14. PROPOSAL FOR UNITIZES SYSTEM OF ALUMINIUM
GLASS CURTAIN WALL GLAZING
UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL
• ENTAIL FACTORY FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY OF PANELS AND MAY INCLUDE FACTORY GLAZING.
• THESE COMPLETED UNITS ARE HUNG ON THE BUILDING STRUCTURE TO FORM THE BUILDING ENCLOSURE.
UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF: SPEED; LOWER FIELD INSTALLATION COSTS; AND
QUALITY CONTROL WITHIN AN INTERIOR CLIMATE CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.
• THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS ARE TYPICALLY REALIZED ON LARGE PROJECTS OR IN AREAS OF HIGH FIELD LABOR
RATES.
• ADVANTAGES -WATERPROOFING -ENSURING AESTHETIC FEATURES THANKS TO ITS SYNCHRONOUS SURFACE
-EASY FOR INSTALLATION -THE INSTALLATION IS TIME SAVING THEREFORE ENSURING THE PROGRESS FOR
PROJECTS . -ACCOMMODATES BUILDING MOVEMENTS. -MINIMIZES SITE OPERATIONS. -SHORTER
CONSTRUCTION DURATION. - ENABLES OTHER TRADES TO COMMENCE WORK MUCH EARLIER.
• DISADVANTAGES -THE INSTALLATION WORK NEED TO BE DONE BY HIGH-SKILLED WORKERS -THE PRICE OF
UNITIZED CURTAIN WALL IS HIGHER THAN STICKS. -THE TRANSPORTATION OF PANELS IS MORE
COMPLICATED. -UNITS ARE ASSEMBLED AND GLAZED UNDER CONTROLLED SHOP CONDITIONS. -FULL
PRESSURE EQUALIZATION DRAINAGE SYSTEM AT EACH FLOOR.

15. PROPOSED WALL
20000X12000
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM

20. MATERIAL USED:
• ALUMINIUM FRAME 50X40 MM
• GLASS SHEETS 2100X1600 AND 5 MM THICK
FOR SUPPORT:
• Unitized curtain wall systems accommodate the differential movement between the structure and the
thermal movement of the frame at the joints between each curtain wall unit.
• Because these units are frequently custom designed, the amount of movement to be accommodated
can be carefully engineered into the system.
• Anchoring of unitized curtain wall typically consists of a proprietary assembly with three-way
dimensional adjustability.
• The anchors occur at each pair of vertical mullions along the edge of slab or spandrel beam. Frequently,
unitized systems span from a horizontal stack joint located at approximately desk height up to the
anchor at the floor line above and then cantilevering past the floor to the next horizontal stack joint.
• The stack joint is designed to resist lateral loads while the two floor anchors resist gravity and lateral
loads. One of the two floor anchors will allow movement in plane with the unitized system.