It describes the types of research, differences between quantitative and qualitative research and gives an introduction to Participatory Rural Appraisal tools

1. Research
Dr. Jayaramachandran S
Associate Professor
14.10.2019

2. Types of Research?
Quantitative Vs Qualitative
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Specific Learning Objectives
At the end of this session, the student shall be able to
• Classify the types research
• Define quantitative research
• Define qualitative research

4. Types of Research
• Quantitative Research
• Basic Research
• Applied Research
• Longitudinal Research
• Qualitative Research
• Descriptive Research
• Classification Research
• Comparative Research
• Explorative Research
• Explanatory Research
• Causal Research
• Theory-testing Research
• Theory-Building Research
• Action Research
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5. 5
Types of Research
Quantitative
Vs
Qualitative

6. 6
Which of these provide answer in numbers?
• Average (Mean) Height / Weight of your batch?
• How many in your batch follow a healthy lifestyle?
• What are the Reasons for not being able to follow healthy
lifestyle?

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Quantitative Research
• To quantify things
• Questions such as ‘how long’, ‘how many’, etc…
• Quantitative methods look to quantify data and generalize
results from a sample of the population of interest.
• They may look to measure the incidence of a disease or event or
views and opinions in a chosen sample or aggregate results.

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Qualitative Research
• Attempt to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons and
motivations for actions and
• Establish how people interpret their experiences and the world
around them.
• Qualitative methods provide insights into the setting of a
problem, generating ideas and / or hypotheses.

9. 9
Differences
Quantitative research Qualitative research
Generalize results from a sample
of the population of interest.
Generalization of result may be
difficult (as it is more subjective).
Analysis is easier compared to
qualitative research
Analysis is difficult compared to
quantitative research
Results largely depends on the
measurement device or
instrument used, e.g. BP
apparatus
Results largely depends on skills
of the researcher

10. Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods
10

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Specific learning objectives
At the end of this session, the student shall be able to
• Define qualitative research?
• List the issues in qualitative research?
• List the uses of qualitative research?

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What is Qualitative Research?
• Qualitative research seeks to understand a given research
problem or topic from the perspectives of the local population it
involves.
• Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally
specific information about the values, opinions, behaviours, and
social contexts of particular populations.

13. Issues in qualitative research
• Usually multiple questions and parameters are used
• Every phenomenon has several levels. what's seen or heard in
first instance may not be the real truth.
• E.g., to know why “out of pocket expenditure” is high in India?

14. Uses of qualitative research
• It helps in developing relevant questions for quantitative
methods
• Helps in understanding the feelings and perceptions that
influence behaviour

15. Introduction to Participatory Rural
Appraisal (PRA) tools
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16. 14/10/19 Sachin Palve 16
Specific learning objectives
At the end of this session, the student shall be able to
• Define PRA
• List the Principles of PRA
• List the PRA tools

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PRA
• Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques are applied to
facilitate interaction with the community members and to
ensure their active engagement in the process which is crucial to
the success of any Community Need Assessment initiative.

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Principles of PRA
Participation Team work Flexibility
Triangulation
Optimal
ignorance
Appropriate
imprecision

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Classification of PRA tools

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Any questions?
• Thanks