This document discusses different methods for collecting data in research. It defines data as facts or information gathered for a study. Data collection involves gathering information to answer research questions through primary or secondary sources. Primary methods include interviews, observations, questionnaires, focus groups, and experiments, which involve directly collecting original data. Secondary methods use previously collected data from sources like books, websites, journals and government reports. The document also distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative data, where qualitative data describes attributes and quantitative data uses numbers that can be measured.

1. Methods of data
collection
Sharoon Mushtaq
Bs.MLT 7th Smester
Submitted to Miss.Mehwish
Research Methadology

2. What is data ?
“It is a piece of information ,
collection of facts about the
topic which is under study” They can be numbers, words,
measurerments,obsrvations and
descrription of things

3. What is data
collection?
1.It is the process by which the researcher
collects the information needed to answer
the research problems.
2.Data collection is defined as the procedure of
collecting, measuring and analyzing accurate
insights for research using standard validated
techniques.

4. COVID-2019 Test
Interpretation Of Result
Positive Result
Negative Resuit
Inconclusive Result
The data collected by the researcher on his
own. Its original and not cited or readymade.
Such as Interviews,Observations,
Questionnaire,Focus Group Discussions etc.
It is a data that involves previous collected
data that were used and collected for some
other purpose and research by researcher.
Such as Books Websites Newspapers
Magazines Journals Government Reports
Publications Research reports.it could be
published or Unpublished.

5. Nature of Data
Fever
Cough
Shortness Of
Breath
1.Qualitative data
2.Quantitative data
Qualitative data tells us the nature and the quality of the
data which mean it is the answer of “What it is” but it
does not give us the answer of “How much” ?
so the Quantitative data is the answer of this.
Qualitative data tells us the facts and figures.
Quantitative data is measurable and expressed in
numerical form.

6. Methods of data
collection
Interviews
Observations
Questionnaire
Group Discussions
Experiments

7. Interviews
Interviews help the researchers uncover rich, deep
insight and learn information that they may have missed
otherwise.
The presence of an interviewer can give the
respondents additional comfort while answering the
questionnaire and ensure correct interpretation of the
questions.
The physical presence of a persistent, well-trained
interviewer can significantly improve the response rate.

8. Observations
Observation involves collecting information
without asking questions. This method is
more subjective, as it requires the
researcher, or observer, to add their
judgment to the data. But in some
circumstances, the risk of bias is minimal.
observation can determine the dynamics of a
situation, which generally cannot be
measured through other data collection
techniques. Observation also can be
combined with additional information, such
as video.

9. Questionnaire
“
”
Questionnaires, can collect data through mail, phone or
online. It is the most popular data collection techniques.
Questionnaires give the researchers an opportunity to
carefully structure and formulate the data collection plan
with precision.
Respondents can take these questionnaires at a
convenient time and think about the answers at their own
pace.
The reach is theoretically limitless. The questionnaire can
reach every corner of the globe if the medium allows for it.

10. The presence of several relevant people together
at the same time can encourage them to engage in
a healthy discussion and help researchers uncover
information that they may not have envisaged.
It helps the researchers corroborate the facts
instantly any inaccurate response will most likely be
countered by other members of the group.
It gives the researchers a chance to view both
sides of the coin and build a balanced perspective
on the matter.

11. Experiments &
Treatment
In a experiment the experimenter applies
'treatments' to groups of subjects.
For example the experimenter may give one drug
to group 1 and a different drug to group 2, to
determine the effectiveness of the drug.
By these experinents the researcher get the data
by see the outcome and effects. They note the
changes whether they are positive or negative.

12. Secoundry data collection
Secoundry data includes
 Books
 Websites
 Newspapers
 Magazines
 Journals
 Government Reports
 Publications Research
The above sources can be published or unpublished
but they still are valuable ways to colllect data

13. “Documents
and
Records”
With above mentioned sources you can collect a considerable
amount of data without asking anyone anything. Document- and
records-based research uses existing data for a study.
Attendance records, meeting minutes and financial records are
just a few examples of this type of research.
Using documents and records can be efficient and inexpensive
because you’re using research and sources those are already
been completed and used. However, The researcher has less
control over the results, documents and records can be an
incomplete data source.

15. THANK YOU
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