Important

2. ABNORMAL GAIT
DUETO PAIN

3. GROUP MEMBERS
 Alishba khadim
 Ihsan UL haq
 Jannat Sohail
Assigned by:
Dr.Tahir Hafeez

4. GAIT CYCLE
 Period of time from one heel strike
to the next heel strike of the same
limb
Phases:
consist of two phases
• Stance phase
• Swing phase

5. NORMAL GAIT
 Series of rhythmical, alternating movements of the
trunk and limbs which results in the forward
progression of the center of gravity

6. ABNORMAL GAIT
A gait abnormality is an unusual walking
pattern

7. CAUSES OF ABNORMAL GAIT
 Caused by weakness
 Caused by abnormal joint
position or range of
motion
 Caused by muscle
contracture
 Caused by pain

8. ABNORMAL GAIT
 Due to pain
 Following are the types of gait due to pain
1. Antalgic gait (Painful hip)
2. Gonalgic gait (Painful knee)
3. Podalgic gait (painful foot)

9. ANTALGIC GAIT
 This is a compensatory gait pattern
adopted in order to remove or diminish
the discomfort caused by pain in the
Lower Limb or pelvis.
 A patient with antalgic gait does not want
to spend time on the one leg due to the
pain.
 Due to pain anywhere from foot to hip,
the patient avoids bearing weight on the
affected side

10. BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS
 With antalgic gait, there is an abnormal shortened stance phase on one
steps.
 A patient wants to get their weight off of the affected extremity
 The patient spends most of their stance of their time with their weight
being placed onto the normal leg.
 The swing phase is enhanced on the affected side and may be shortened
on the normal leg in order to get the normal leg back to the ground.
 This is done in order to lift the painful extremity off of the ground.
 When pain is increased by walking, it leads to an antalgic gait.

11. CAUSES OF ANTALGIC GAIT
 The etiology of antalgic gait can be divided into traumatic and non-
traumatic categories.
 Traumatic etiologies are typically contusions, strains, and overuse
injuries
 while non-traumatic etiologies include infectious, oncologic, and
bone processes.

12. MUSCLES AND ANGLE INVOLVED
 Muscles
 It most often affects the foot, knee,or hip.
 Angle Effected
 Normal: Stance phase:60%
Swing phase:40%
 Affected: Stance phase:40%
Swing phase:60%

13. TREATMENT
 The pain can be helped by
using a cane on the opposite
side of the painful extremity.

14. PSOATIC GAIT
 Psoas bursa may be inflamed & edematous,
which cause limitation of movement due to
pain & produce a atypical gait.
 Hip externally rotated
 Hip adducted
 Knee in slight flexion
 The limp may be accompanied by
exaggerated trunk and pelvic movement.

15. MUSCLE INVOLVED
 Weakness or reflex
inhibition of the psoas
major muscle.

16. DIPLEGIC GAIT
 Patients have involvement on both
sides with spasticity in lower
extremities worse than upper
extremities.
 Biomechanical effect
 The patient walks with an
abnormally narrow base, dragging
both legs and scraping the toes.

17. MUSCLES INVOLVED
 This gait is seen in bilateral
periventricular lesions, such as
those seen in cerebral palsy.
 Extreme tightness of hip adductors
which can cause legs to cross the
midline referred to as a scissors
gait.
 Muscles of the lower extremities
of the human body, usually those of
the legs, hips and pelvis

18. CAUSES OF DIPLEGIC GAIT
The exact cause is often unknown.
 However, Spastic diplegia cerebral palsy has been associated with
genetic abnormalities;
 congenital brain malformations;
 maternal infections or fevers; and/or injury before,during or
shortly after birth.”

19. PATTERN
 Flexion at hip
 Flexion at knee
 Ankles are extended and
internal rotated
 Abduction at knee

20. EXAMPLES OF DIPLEGIC GAIT
 Common abnormal gait patterns in
individuals with spastic diplegia
include:
 Scissor gait (walking with the knees
turned inwards)
 Tiptoeing (walking on the toes)
 Crouch gait (walking with
continuously bent knees, hips, and
ankles)