TYPES AND VARIETIES OF HEMOGLOBIN AND MYOGLOBIN

1. STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF
HEMOGLOBIN AND
MYOGLOBIN,TYPES AND VARIETIES
OF NORMAL HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN
AND FORMATION OF HEMOGLOBIN
DERIVATIVES.

2. CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION
•WHAT IS HEMOGLOBIN?
•STRUCTURE OF HEMOGLOBIN
•STRUCTURE OF GLOBIN
•STRUCTURE OF HEME
•TYPES OF NORMAL HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN
•HEMOGLOBIN DERIVATIVES
•MYOGLOBIN

3. •Human beings are an aerobic animals who derive
energy from oxidation of organic fuels.
•Efficient delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the
peripheral tissues is necessary.
•These functions are performed by the homologous
heme proteins i.e hemoglobin and myoglobin.
•Hemoglobin and myoglobin illustrate both protein
structure-function relationships.

4. HEMOGLOBIN
•Hemoglobin is the red blood pigment exclusively found
in erythrocytes.
•It is a conjugated protein which made up of a protein
called globin and a non protein group heme.
•Over 500 different hemoglobin variants share the same
basic structure.
•100 ml of blood of a normal human contains about 12-16
gms hemoglobin.

5. STRUCTURE OF HEMOGLOBIN
•Hemoglobin is a conjugated protein
•It contains Globin-the apoprotein part and the Heme-
the non-protein part (prosthetic group).
•Hemoglobin is a tetrameric allosteric protein
HEMOGLOBIN
HEME GLOBIN

7. STRUCTURE OF GLOBIN
•Globin consists of four polypeptide chains.
•The adult hemoglobin(HbA1) have two α-chains and two
β-chains(α2β2).
•Each α-chain contains 141 amino acids while β-chain &
δ-chain contains 146 amino acids.
•The four subunits of hemoglobin are held by non-
covalent bonds-hydrophobic , ionic and hydrogen

8. STRUCTURE OF HEME
•The characteristic red colour of hemoglobin is due to
heme.
•Contains porphyrin molecule namely Protoporphyrin
IX with iron at center.
•Protoporphyrin IX consists of four pyrrole rings to
which four methyl, two propionyl and two vinyl
groups are attached.

9. STRUCTURE OF HEME

10. TYPES OF NORMAL HUMAN
HEMOGLOBIN
NORMAL
HUMAN Hb
ADULT Hb
FETAL Hb
EMBRYONIC
Hb

11. ADULT HEMOGLOBIN
•Two main types :
1.HbA1 or Hb major : Comprises about 97-98 %.
Contains two α and two β-
chains.
Composition and symbol
α2β2.
2. HbA2 or Hb minor : Comprises about 2-3% .
Contains two α and two δ
chains.
Composition and symbol

12. FETAL HEMOGLOBIN
•Comprises of two α and two γ chains.
•Synthesized during fetal development and may
present in adults.
•Composition and symbol α2γ2
EMBRYONIC HEMOGLOBIN
•Comprises of two Epsilon chains and two zeta
chains.
•Synthesized in embryonic stage of gestation 3-8th
week.
•Composition and symbol ε2ζ2

13. VTYPE NAME % OF THE
TOTAL Hb
CHAIN
COMPOSITION
HbA1 Adult Hb major =97% α2β2
HbA2 Adult Hb minor =2-3% α2δ2
HbF Foetal Hb =1-2% α2γ2
- Embryonic Hb - ε2ζ2

14. HEMOGLOBIN DERIVATIVES
•Hemoglobin combines with different ligands and
forms hemoglobin derivatives.
•The Hb derivatives have a characteristic color
and they can be detected by absorption spectra.
•OxyHb and DeoxyHb are derivatives of normal
hemoglobin.
•Methemoglobin and Carboxyhemoglobin are some
other derivatives of hemoglobin.

15. CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN
•CO has about 200 times more affinity than O2 for
binding with Hb.
•Less Oxygen available for transport
to tissues i.e CO Toxicity
•The symptoms are:
Headache, Nausea, Breathlessness,
Vomiting and Irritability.

16. METHEMOGLOBIN

17. MYOGLOBIN
•Myoglobin is monomeric oxygen binding
hemoprotein found in heart and muscle cells.
•It has a single polypeptide chain with heme
moiety.
•Myoglobin functions as a reservoir for oxygen
•Myoglobin structurally resembles the individual
subunits of hemoglobin molecule.

18. STRUCTURE OF MYOGLOBIN

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
•HARPER’S ILLUSTRATED BIOCHEMISTRY
•BIOCHEMISTRY BY DR. SK GUPTA
•LIPPINCOTT ILLUSTRATED BIOCHEMISTRY
•BIOCHEMISTRY BY DM VASUDEVAN
•BIOCHEMISTRY BY U.SATYANARAYANA

20. .
THANK YOU