Impact of computers on society
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Computers have had a significant impact on society in several ways. They have automated many repetitive jobs and made office work and communication more efficient. Computers have also transformed education by enabling simulated learning and online research. However, extensive computer use can negatively impact health by straining muscles and vision. Younger generations are also spending more time playing computer games instead of socializing offline. While computers connect people, they also threaten privacy and enable fraud if information is hacked.
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This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in a course on professional practices in information technology (IT). The course will cover introductions to IT and professionalism, ethics, information security and privacy, intellectual property laws, and social responsibilities of IT professionals. It will also discuss how IT is used in different domains like education, health, finance, entertainment, and careers. The document outlines different computer types including supercomputers, mainframes, workstations, microcomputers, and microcontrollers. It also discusses topics like servers, trends of convergence, portability and personalization in IT, and future directions of computer and communication technologies.
technologyinbusinesscommunications-111208051054-phpapp01.pdf
Communication technology has evolved significantly over time and impacted both how we communicate and do business. It has progressed from the printing press, to telecommunications allowing long-distance information transmission, to today's interactive technologies that enable geographically dispersed individuals and businesses to collaborate. Current communication technologies used by managers include email, voicemail, cell phones, videoconferencing, instant messaging, and Microsoft Office products, providing advantages like increased efficiency and reduced costs compared to older methods. However, over-reliance on technology also poses some risks such as security issues, reduced personal interactions, and lower reliability of online information.
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Networking
What is computer networks
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
WiFi
Star Topology
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Advantageous and disadvantageous of different topolgies
Difference between Internet and World Wide Web
Difference between Stand-alone computers and Network computers
Legal and social impacts on ICT
Information and Communication Technology
Primary and Secondary sources of information.
Copyright and Plagiarism
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Hacking and installing viruses
Computer Misuse Act
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Web terminology
A web page is a single document that makes up part of a larger website. Websites contain hundreds of web pages and are stored on servers. A home page acts as the starting point for a website. Search engines help users find information on the web by maintaining directories of web pages that they obtain through submissions and web crawlers. There are different types of search engines for finding various types of information like web pages, email addresses, maps, and businesses. Effective search strategies include using multiple keywords and Boolean operators. Users can bookmark favorite web pages to easily return to useful information.
Computer hardware
What are different types of computer hardware.
Internal hardware
External hardware
Printers
Scanners
Network topology
A computer network connects two or more computers to share information. Network topology refers to how the nodes in a network are linked. There are several common topologies including ring, star, bus, and star-ring. A ring topology connects nodes in a closed loop where data travels in one direction. A star topology connects all nodes to a central hub. A bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes. A star-ring topology combines stars and a ring for flexibility. Key considerations in choosing a topology include costs, cable length needs, support for future growth, and cable type.
Computer networks
A computer network connects multiple computers and devices to allow sharing of resources and exchange of information. It consists of workstations, servers, peripheral devices, and transmission media. Common types of networks include local area networks (LANs) within an office or building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) spanning countries or the entire world. Networks provide advantages like ease of access, remote work capabilities, resource sharing, and increased productivity, but also have disadvantages such as high installation costs, need for administration, and security issues.
Input output devices
Input and output devices allow users to interact with computers. Common input devices include keyboards and mice which allow users to enter text and select items. Output devices such as monitors display information and printers produce hard copies. Storage devices like hard drives, CDs, DVDs, and USB drives are used to save data on the computer.
Information system
Information systems take in raw data through various input devices, store the data, process it by performing functions like calculating and sorting, and output the results through devices like screens and printers. A computer is an example of an information system, with a central processing unit that controls data movement and performs arithmetic/logical operations, internal memory, and connections to external storage and input/output devices. The basic components of a desktop computer system include the system unit, screen, keyboard, mouse, and drives for storage media.
Computer fundamentals
Computer is an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to programmed instructions, and outputs the results. It has four main functions: input, processing, output, and storage. A computer system consists of hardware, software, and a user. Hardware includes internal components like the central processing unit and motherboard, as well as external input/output devices. Software provides instructions to give the computer intelligence. The user operates the computer. Computers can be analog, digital, or hybrid. They also vary in size from supercomputers to mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers like desktops, laptops and palmtops.
Windows environment
The document discusses the Windows operating system. It defines an operating system and explains its key roles in managing hardware, software resources, and providing a consistent user interface. The Windows desktop contains icons that represent files and programs. The desktop has areas like the start button, taskbar, and quick launch. A Microsoft window allows the user to view and interact with the computer's contents through a customizable rectangular frame, similar to a home window. Parts of a window include the title bar, menu bar, address bar, buttons, and status bar.
The windows hierarchy
The document discusses the Windows file hierarchy and file management. It describes how files are organized into folders and directories in a tree structure with the root directory at the top. Pathnames are used to identify files by name and location. Key file management tools in Windows like Windows Explorer allow viewing and navigating files and folders. Basic file operations like creating, deleting, restoring files and creating shortcuts are also covered.
Software
Computer software includes operating systems, applications, and utilities. System software like operating systems and device drivers help run computer hardware and manage resources. Utility software performs specific tasks like scanning for viruses or compressing files. Application software allows users to perform tasks in areas like business, games, telecommunications, and education. Educational software can be courseware for teachers, edutainment that combines learning and entertainment, or reference applications.
Smart phones and tablets
Smartphones use mobile phone technology to make calls and send texts but also have large touchscreens, powerful processors, and can run applications. Popular smartphones run Android or iOS operating systems. Tablets are portable computers that work like large smartphones and were popularized by the iPad. Tablets are best for entertainment while laptops are better for productivity due to their full keyboards and storage. Each device has pros and cons for tasks like portability, data storage, and typing comfort.
Computer ethics and crime
This document discusses computer ethics and crimes. It notes that computers are now used extensively for many purposes but can be misused by those with bad intentions to harm information. It discusses the importance of computer ethics and intellectual property rights to protect owners' work. It describes different types of computer crimes like software piracy, hacking, and cracking that violate these ethics and laws. The document advocates for strong computer security controls and ethical computer usage.
More about the internet
The document provides information about the internet, its history, how to connect to it, and some advanced uses. It discusses that the internet is a collection of networks with no single governing body. It formed in the 1980s and 1990s through organizations like the IAB and IRTF. To connect, one needs a computer, modem, internet access software, and to sign up with an ISP. Advanced uses include online education, newsgroups, online newspapers, video conferencing, e-commerce, downloading, and chatting.
Introduction to e commerce
This document defines e-commerce as buying and selling products online using the internet. It outlines the three types of people involved in commerce - producers, sellers, and buyers. Some advantages of e-commerce are that it allows shopping without location or time barriers, and can save time and money. However, some e-commerce sites may be fraudulent and steal personal information.
Computer Virus
A computer virus is a software program created by a human programmer that can reproduce itself and adversely affect computers without the user's knowledge, potentially erasing data or corrupting programs. Common sources of virus transmission include CD-ROMs, USBs, and the internet. Anti-virus software scans systems automatically on startup to detect and remove viruses, helping prevent infection from these common transmission sources.
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Impact of computers on society
- 1. IMPACT OF COMPUTERS ON SOCIETY
- 2. Computer chip • Computer chips are made from silicon which is found in sand. • Electronic circuits based on Silicon chips had their beginning around the 1970’s. • The impact of computers was felt very slowly in the seventies and eighties. At this time people started to analyze and understand the applications of computers in all fields. However, the nineties saw an exponential change.
- 3. Automation • Computers have taken over a lot of boring, repetitive and time consuming, as well as dangerous job. • Some of these applications are: • Simple applications like word processing, spreadsheets and databases have make it possible for more work to get done in less time. • The entire banking operation have become much more efficient. Money transfer are done in minutes. • Through Computer-aided design (CAD), the quality of products has improved.
- 4. Communication • The Internet has given great amount of flexibility in the office work environment by making communication easier. • Some of these applications are: • The companies can give flexible timing to their employees, and even freedom to work from home. • By using e-mails and video conferencing, it is possible for experts in distant places to exchange ideas and plans, while carrying on their daily routine. • Handicapped and disable people are able to become part of workforce.
- 5. Education • Computers have made great impact in the field of education. Students are using computers to study subjects like Science, Social Studies etc. • Some of these applications are: • Computers are being used to teach difficult concepts through simulated models. • Internet is being used extensively by students to do research work. Earlier students have to spend days looking up encyclopedias for information. • In lab work scientific instruments are attached to computers to help get accurate readings.
- 6. Impact on Health • Computers also have physical impact on people. Certain types of injuries are reported by people. Certain group of muscles, such as those of the neck, are getting strained. • The other physical impact is that on vision. Long hours of working on computers affects the vision.
- 7. Staying Connected • One of the major advantage of internet is to enable millions of people to stay connected with their friends all over the world. • Websites such as Facebook and Orkut have created huge online communication and allows people to send messages, post pictures, stories and share other information. • These sites can also be harmful to younger generation if they became addictive and spend too much time on social networking. • Users should not posts their private information on these sites.
- 8. The harmful effects of computers • Meetings and personal contact between people are getting drastically reduced. • Electronic mail and application software like work processor are fast making handwritten mail outdated.
- 9. Effect on younger generation • Computers are a source of entertainment. Young children spend hours playing games all by themselves rather than interacting with others. • Many have become so addicted to computers that they gave even given up playing outdoor games. • This is expected to have an adverse impact on the health and social behavior of the younger generation.
- 10. Ownership of Information • One big problem that computers today have is that of ownership of information and creative work called the Copyright Law. • However, the electronic form in which information is available today, is easy to copy and duplicate. • Easy availability of information on the Internet encourages people to copy what is available and present the information as their own.
- 11. Right to privacy • As more and more computers are being used for commercial and financial transactions, the threat to privacy of personal information in increasing. • Internet piracy involves the right to personal privacy concerning the storing and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via the Internet.
- 12. Frauds • You may have heard about hackers breaking into the computer systems of large organizations. • In October 2000, hackers broke into Microsoft’s computer system and are believed to stolen the blueprints of the Windows operating system and the MS Office software package. • In case of financial transactions, Bank accounts can be hacked to transfer money illegally.