The document discusses the Windows file hierarchy and file management. It describes how files are organized into folders and directories in a tree structure with the root directory at the top. Pathnames are used to identify files by name and location. Key file management tools in Windows like Windows Explorer allow viewing and navigating files and folders. Basic file operations like creating, deleting, restoring files and creating shortcuts are also covered.

1. THE WINDOWS HIERARCHY

2. Filing System
 The Windows operating system has an organized method of storing files. It places files
into folders. This filing system is similar to what you may use when storing papers in a
file cabinet.
 The windows OS uses pathnames to identify a file by its name and
and the name of all the directories leading to it.
 For example, a pathname for a file called Computer Lessons.doc:
C:HomeworkComputersComputer Lessons.doc.

3. The Directory Structure of Windows
 The organization of files stored in the hard drive is similar to a tree. The
main directory is called the root directory.
 In most computers, the root directory refers to the hard drive that has
the letter C: as its name.
 In the hard drive there are series of folders called subdirectories. Typically
files that are similar in content are stored in same folders.
 A file is a block of information, stored together in a computer and given
a name which can be numbers letters or both.
 Each file has an extension i.e., .doc indicates the file is a document.

4.  What is the Pathname?
 The pathname can be found in the address bar of Windows folder.
 Locate a Folder within the Windows Hierarchy
Follow the path from the root directory to the
folder to locate the folder.
Double click My Computer on the desktop.
Double click on the C: or root directory.
Using the path name as a guide, locate where
the Windows folder is stored within Windows
hierarchy.

5. What is Windows Explorer?
 Windows Explorer is a file
management tool.
 It allows you to view content of a
storage medium by displaying
files in a directory tree.
 It displays folders in the left pane
and the content of the selected
folder in the right pane.

6. Create a folder
 When a file is saved, it is
automatically placed in the My
Documents folder unless a
different location is selected.
 To create a folder, right click on
desktop or inside My Documents
and go to New-Folder.
 Then it will ask to name your
folder.

7. Delete a File
 You cannot keep every piece of
paper that comes across your
desk, similarly you can keep every
file. Sometimes you need to
delete files.
 To delete a file, click on the file
and press DELETE button and
then click OK button.
 The file will now go to Recycle
Bin.

8.  Restore a File
Sometime you will make an error and
accidently delete a file you need.
It is easy to restore a file to its original
location just as long as Recycle Bin is not
recently emptied.
To restore a file right click on the file in
Recycle Bin and select Restore form the
menu.
 Create a Desktop Shortcut to a folder
If your file is inside to many subdirectories,
then you need to create a shortcut for
file to access it quickly.
To create shortcut right click on the file
and go to Send to - Desktop

9. Change the ICON
 Often we have difficulty to find
the correct item to click. For this
reason, you should modify the
shortcut image.
 To change ICON right click on the
folder and go to properties, then
clink on Change Icon.