Information and Communication Technology Primary and Secondary sources of information. Copyright and Plagiarism What is Fair Use? Quality of life for disabled people Special software and hardware for disabled people Hacking and installing viruses Computer Misuse Act Environmental concerns of ICT

1. LEGAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ON ICT

2. QUALITY OF ONLINE INFORMATION
• Anyone can post information on
the Internet.
• Unlike text books or other
published documents that are
thoroughly reviewed before
becoming public, a web page has
no formal evaluation before being
uploaded into the public domain.

3. PRIMARY SOURCE OF INFORMATION
• Primary sources are the materials
on a topic upon which
interpretations or studies are
based. Anything that is first hand
knowledge is considered a primary
source.
• For example if researching for new
Apple products, you could go
directly to the primary source – the
official Apple website –
www.apple.com, rather than
viewing a fan club page on any site
like Facebook.

4. SECONDARY SOURCE OF INFORMATION
• Secondary Source, on the other hand,
offer an analysis or a summary of
primary sources. They often attempt
to describe or explain primary sources.
• Examples of secondary sources
include: dictionaries, encyclopedias,
textbooks, and books or articles that
interpret or review research works, fan
club websites, unofficial websites.

5. COMPARE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES:
Primary source Secondary source
Art Original artwork A picture in a digital museum
Literature Poem Article on a particular type of poetry
Theatre Videotape of a performance Biography of a playwright
Celebrity Official website sponsored by celebrity Fan club site
Product Corporate website Review about the product

6. ASSESS THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION
Any type of information, be it electronic like on the internet or in
print such as a magazine or a book, it is always important to
consider the source. The following is the list of criteria to be used
when viewing any information on the Internet:
• Who is the author?
• Why is this information available?
• What information is being shared?
• What is your Overall impression?

7. COPYRIGHT AND PLAGIARISM ©
• Accessing online information is a great way for research. However,
before “taking” what you want form various web pages you must first
understand intellectual copyright. If not, you could unintentionally
commit a crime.
• Copyright is the right of the owner or creator of art work, music,
literature, video, or software to determine who can use the material
and how can they use it.
• The copyright symbol © appears on a web page with the date and
name of the owner; such as © 2012, Technokids. When you see this
symbol you can be almost certain that you cannot use the material on
your own web page.

8. WHAT IS FAIR USE?
• Copyrighted material which can be used without obtaining
permission from owner is Fair Use.
• The idea behind fair use is that you can use the material if it is for
non-profit educational purposes or will not harm the owner of
the copyright in any form.
• However, to be safe it is best to obtain permission before using
any material that is copyrighted protected.

9. RULES FOR INTERNET SAFETY
• Use good judgment when viewing online content.
• Do not purposefully seek out inappropriate content.
• If uncertain about online content talk to elders immediately.
• Do not share your private data such as credit information, pictures,
phone numbers, address etc., to persons you meet on the
Internet.
• Never arrange to visit someone that you meet online without the
consent of your elders.

10. USING INTERNET TO FIND INFORMATION
Advantages Disadvantage
There is vast amount of information There can be too much information
Information can be found quickly compared with
manually searching a library book.
It is difficult to decide if information is useful,
accurate, out of date or false.
There is information on almost every topic.
Some information may be inappropriate for reading
or viewing.

11. QUALITY OF LIFE FOR DISABLED PEOPLE
The quality of life for disabled people can be enhanced by using specialized hardware and
software.
Hardware Device Use
Foot Mouse
In place of a normal mouse for people who cannot use
their arms or hands.
Braille Keyboard
By visually impaired people to type data into a
computer.
Head Pointer
To tap keys on a keyboard for people who cannot use
their limbs.

12. SPECIAL SOFTWARE
1. Zoom Features or Special
Software enlarges parts of the
screen so it can be seen clearly.
2. Speech-to-text software turns
spoken words into commands
and Text-to-speech software
turns written words into spoken
words.

13. HEALTH IMPACT OF ICT
REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY (RSI)
• A range of conditions affecting the muscles and
joints in neck, shoulders, arms, wrists and hands.
• Occurs when the same muscle groups perform
the same actions over and over again, such as
constantly keying data using keyboard.
How to minimize RSI?
• Take regular breaks.
• Use and ergonomically designed keyboard and
mouse.

14. EYESTRAIN
• Headaches, blurred vision and deterioration in
eyesight
How to minimize RSI?
• Use an anti-glare screen.
• Use screen with adjustable brightness and
contrast.
• Have regular eye tests.

15. BACK PAIN
• Discomfort leading to back pain.
• Can be related to sitting position at the
computer.
How to minimize RSI?
• Take regular breaks.
• Use an adjustable chair with height and backrest
adjustment.
• Don’t sit continuously for long time.

16. RADIATION
• Computer screens can give out extremely low
frequency radiation.
• Illness may occur if the user works for long
periods in front of screen.
How to minimize RSI?
• Take regular breaks.
• Use anti-glare filters.
• Use a low-emission screen.

17. COMPUTER MISUSE ACT
• This law deals with problems involving hacking, viruses and other
problems by making them illegal.
Unauthorized
Work
Deliberate
data
destruction
Fraud Data theft
Hacking
Installing
Viruses
Program theft
(Software Piracy)

18. HACKING
• People involved in digital crimes are
known as hackers. They
intentionally access computer
Systems without consent or
authorization.
• Hacking can happen remotely
through the Internet.
• Hacking can involve the ‘Planting of
a virus’

19. COMPUTER VIRUS
• A virus is a piece of software designed to
disrupt the normal operation of a computer.
• Virus can be attached to an e-mail and
activated when the e-mail is opened.
• Some virus can destroy files, others display
annoying message while some store
themselves as hidden files on your computer.
• Spyware is a program that install itself
automatically and collect personal date
without user’s consent.

20. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN IN USING ICT
• Power Management
• Allow computers to go into hibernate or sleep mode if they are not being used or use screen
saver to reduce power consumption.
• Peripheral Usage
• Purchase energy saving devices.
• Purchase multi-function devices such as all-in-one printer.
• Printer Usage
• Print only if its necessary.
• Optimize printer controls such as double sided printing.
• Obsolete Equipment
• Recycle your unused Hardware.