SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 27
Digital EDGEucation
The Autumn Edition 2015
#4PsEDGE
@4PsMarketing
Play the Game of Phones to win, not die
Samantha Osbourne
#4PsEDGE
@4PsMarketing
Strategy Black Hole
Back to Basics
Isolate Trends
Test and Learn
Questions
Opening remarks
Upgrade and Invest
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDOPENING REMARKS (FROM THE EXPERTS)
“The trend had been that mobile was winning, now it’s won”
- Eric Schmidt, Google (2014)
If you’re not using mobile marketing to attract new
customers to your business, don’t worry — your competitors
are already using it and are getting those customers
instead.
- Jamie Turner, 60SecondMarketer.com
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDOPENING REMARKS (YOURS, NOT MINE)
“people don’t buy on mobile”
“mobile is a research tool”
“people on a mobile aren’t at home”
“customers don’t think mobile checkout is secure”
“we don’t have the budget to set up our analytics properly”
“the business doesn’t want to attribute sales by device”
“everyone in retail uses last click”
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDOPENING REMARKS
“How can we achieve more growth?”
Strategy Black Hole
Back to Basics
Isolate Trends
Test and Learn
Questions
Opening remarks
Upgrade and Invest
ADWORDS CERTIFIED
This summer, mobile searches surpassed
desktop for the first time
ADWORDS CERTIFIED
66%
brands
do not
have a
defined
mobile
strategy
DON’T PLAN, DO
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDWHY ARE YOU BROWSING ON A MOBILE?
Strategy Black Hole
Back to Basics
Isolate Trends
Test and Learn
Questions
Opening remarks
Upgrade and Invest
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDWHAT DO YOU WANT FROM ME?
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDWHAT DO YOU WANT FROM ME?
Pursuing Interest
Consideration
Awareness
Conversion
Strategy Black Hole
Back to Basics
Isolate Trends
Test and Learn
Questions
Opening remarks
Upgrade and Invest
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDI’M NOT WHERE YOU THINK I AM
11% of mobile sessions delivered by Sky Broadband
4% - Virgin Media
3% - BT
5% - O2
3% - Orange
2% - 3
Don’t assume mobile
browsers are mobile
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDI DON’T CARE ABOUT CHANNEL OR DEVICE
Google estimates over 50% of online
purchases take over 20days to complete
… still convinced by a 14 day last click attribution model?
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDI’M HERE MORE THAN YOU THINK
Find the customers hiding in the traffic
Strategy Black Hole
Back to Basics
Isolate Trends
Test and Learn
Questions
Opening remarks
Upgrade and Invest
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDTEST AND LEARN
Strategy Black Hole
Back to Basics
Isolate Trends
Test and Learn
Questions
Opening remarks
Upgrade and Invest
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDUPGRADE
ADWORDS CERTIFIEDINVEST
Get back to a single customer view
WHAT DIFFERENTIATES YOU FROM YOUR COMPETITORS?
1. Something is better than nothing
2. Find trends
3. Test and learn
4. Mark up your site
5. Analytics roadmap is essential to keep pace
6. Don’t reinvent the wheel
SUMMARY
“When you play a
Game of Phones
You Win or You Die
There is no middle
ground”
Strategy Black Hole
Back to Basics
Isolate Trends
Test and Learn
Questions
Opening remarks
Upgrade and Invest
Thank you.
#4PsEDGE
@4PsMarketing

More Related Content

What's hot

Business Prospecting
Business ProspectingBusiness Prospecting
Business Prospecting
Classic Cape
 
Bop Large Format Presentation
Bop Large Format PresentationBop Large Format Presentation
Bop Large Format Presentation
guest6d87316
 
Michael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit Dublin
Michael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit DublinMichael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit Dublin
Michael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit Dublin
SBPEvents
 
Who is the connected consumer
Who is the connected consumerWho is the connected consumer
Who is the connected consumer
retaicouncil
 

What's hot (17)

Erantucci 28 nov rev1
Erantucci 28 nov rev1Erantucci 28 nov rev1
Erantucci 28 nov rev1
 
Business Prospecting
Business ProspectingBusiness Prospecting
Business Prospecting
 
Transforming Business at the Intersection of Marketing & Technology
Transforming Business at the Intersection of Marketing & TechnologyTransforming Business at the Intersection of Marketing & Technology
Transforming Business at the Intersection of Marketing & Technology
 
Setting the Scene for Better Data Driven Marketing
Setting the Scene for Better Data Driven MarketingSetting the Scene for Better Data Driven Marketing
Setting the Scene for Better Data Driven Marketing
 
Mobile & Affiliate Marketing: What You Need To Know
Mobile & Affiliate Marketing: What You Need To KnowMobile & Affiliate Marketing: What You Need To Know
Mobile & Affiliate Marketing: What You Need To Know
 
Bop Large Format Presentation
Bop Large Format PresentationBop Large Format Presentation
Bop Large Format Presentation
 
Google - MicroMoments
Google - MicroMomentsGoogle - MicroMoments
Google - MicroMoments
 
How to use Customer Analytics to get the maximum out of Marketing Automation ...
How to use Customer Analytics to get the maximum out of Marketing Automation ...How to use Customer Analytics to get the maximum out of Marketing Automation ...
How to use Customer Analytics to get the maximum out of Marketing Automation ...
 
Michael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit Dublin
Michael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit DublinMichael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit Dublin
Michael Faley Digital Media & Marketing Summit Dublin
 
Consumer Journey Mapping PowerPoint Presentation Slides
Consumer Journey Mapping PowerPoint Presentation SlidesConsumer Journey Mapping PowerPoint Presentation Slides
Consumer Journey Mapping PowerPoint Presentation Slides
 
Rob Dreblow, WFA: How can brands and start-ups make collaboration more effect...
Rob Dreblow, WFA: How can brands and start-ups make collaboration more effect...Rob Dreblow, WFA: How can brands and start-ups make collaboration more effect...
Rob Dreblow, WFA: How can brands and start-ups make collaboration more effect...
 
Digital Expert PART3 - Customer Centricity
Digital Expert PART3 - Customer CentricityDigital Expert PART3 - Customer Centricity
Digital Expert PART3 - Customer Centricity
 
Who is the connected consumer
Who is the connected consumerWho is the connected consumer
Who is the connected consumer
 
Technology, marketing, and social crm
Technology, marketing, and social crmTechnology, marketing, and social crm
Technology, marketing, and social crm
 
The Marketing Potential of New Technologies.
The Marketing Potential of New Technologies.The Marketing Potential of New Technologies.
The Marketing Potential of New Technologies.
 
De invloed van Mobile op aankoopgedrag
De invloed van Mobile op aankoopgedragDe invloed van Mobile op aankoopgedrag
De invloed van Mobile op aankoopgedrag
 
Where Will Connected Customers Go in 2016?
Where Will Connected Customers Go in 2016?Where Will Connected Customers Go in 2016?
Where Will Connected Customers Go in 2016?
 

Viewers also liked

Search Strategies for Fashion Week
Search Strategies for Fashion WeekSearch Strategies for Fashion Week
Search Strategies for Fashion Week
4Ps Marketing
 

Viewers also liked (17)

Integrated Search for B2B
Integrated Search for B2BIntegrated Search for B2B
Integrated Search for B2B
 
Measuring user journeys #4PsEDGE
Measuring user journeys #4PsEDGEMeasuring user journeys #4PsEDGE
Measuring user journeys #4PsEDGE
 
Are Rankings Relevant in 2013? - Ben Millar
Are Rankings Relevant in 2013? - Ben MillarAre Rankings Relevant in 2013? - Ben Millar
Are Rankings Relevant in 2013? - Ben Millar
 
4 ps cookies
4 ps cookies4 ps cookies
4 ps cookies
 
Brands & Blogs: What's the Story?
Brands & Blogs: What's the Story?Brands & Blogs: What's the Story?
Brands & Blogs: What's the Story?
 
Web Launches for Client Search
Web Launches for Client SearchWeb Launches for Client Search
Web Launches for Client Search
 
Google's take on Developing a Marketing Strategy
Google's take on Developing a Marketing StrategyGoogle's take on Developing a Marketing Strategy
Google's take on Developing a Marketing Strategy
 
Cookies Update
Cookies UpdateCookies Update
Cookies Update
 
How to Build a Business Case for Search
How to Build a Business Case for SearchHow to Build a Business Case for Search
How to Build a Business Case for Search
 
Digital EDGEucation autumn - personalisation in B2B
Digital EDGEucation autumn - personalisation in B2BDigital EDGEucation autumn - personalisation in B2B
Digital EDGEucation autumn - personalisation in B2B
 
Evolution or Extinction: Survive and Thrive with New Google Analytics Features
Evolution or Extinction:Survive and Thrive with New Google Analytics FeaturesEvolution or Extinction:Survive and Thrive with New Google Analytics Features
Evolution or Extinction: Survive and Thrive with New Google Analytics Features
 
Search Strategies for Fashion Week
Search Strategies for Fashion WeekSearch Strategies for Fashion Week
Search Strategies for Fashion Week
 
How does Hummingbird affect your business
How does Hummingbird affect your businessHow does Hummingbird affect your business
How does Hummingbird affect your business
 
Digital EDGEucation autumn - future of SEO
Digital EDGEucation autumn - future of SEODigital EDGEucation autumn - future of SEO
Digital EDGEucation autumn - future of SEO
 
Working better together: client & agency relationships
Working better together: client & agency relationshipsWorking better together: client & agency relationships
Working better together: client & agency relationships
 
4Ps Marketing Jump 2013
4Ps Marketing Jump 20134Ps Marketing Jump 2013
4Ps Marketing Jump 2013
 
Programmatic Trading
Programmatic TradingProgrammatic Trading
Programmatic Trading
 

Similar to Digital EDGEucation autumn - game of phones

Marketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing Forum
Marketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing ForumMarketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing Forum
Marketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing Forum
Dave Pannell MCIM
 
Business model design emerge
Business model design   emergeBusiness model design   emerge
Business model design emerge
Founder-Centric
 

Similar to Digital EDGEucation autumn - game of phones (20)

Using data to create intrinsic motivation and a growth mindset
Using data to create intrinsic motivation and a growth mindset Using data to create intrinsic motivation and a growth mindset
Using data to create intrinsic motivation and a growth mindset
 
Cabela's: Adding Context To Next Generation Marketing
Cabela's: Adding Context To Next Generation MarketingCabela's: Adding Context To Next Generation Marketing
Cabela's: Adding Context To Next Generation Marketing
 
Latest Ecommerce Trends to Watch Out For 2023.pdf
Latest Ecommerce Trends to Watch Out For 2023.pdfLatest Ecommerce Trends to Watch Out For 2023.pdf
Latest Ecommerce Trends to Watch Out For 2023.pdf
 
Marketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing Forum
Marketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing ForumMarketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing Forum
Marketing for Manufacturing with Wakefield Manufacturing Forum
 
Selling and Engaging the Digitally Forward Customer
Selling and Engaging the Digitally Forward CustomerSelling and Engaging the Digitally Forward Customer
Selling and Engaging the Digitally Forward Customer
 
The New-Era Digital Store: Expectations, Insights and Consumer Individuality
The New-Era Digital Store: Expectations, Insights and Consumer IndividualityThe New-Era Digital Store: Expectations, Insights and Consumer Individuality
The New-Era Digital Store: Expectations, Insights and Consumer Individuality
 
The Challenges of a Rapidly Changing Local Marketplace
The Challenges of a Rapidly Changing Local MarketplaceThe Challenges of a Rapidly Changing Local Marketplace
The Challenges of a Rapidly Changing Local Marketplace
 
Luxury Interactive Benchmark 2014
Luxury Interactive Benchmark 2014Luxury Interactive Benchmark 2014
Luxury Interactive Benchmark 2014
 
Customer centricity and marketing automation keynote presentation at Direct a...
Customer centricity and marketing automation keynote presentation at Direct a...Customer centricity and marketing automation keynote presentation at Direct a...
Customer centricity and marketing automation keynote presentation at Direct a...
 
The Future of Retail Webinar by Engagis
The Future of Retail Webinar by EngagisThe Future of Retail Webinar by Engagis
The Future of Retail Webinar by Engagis
 
Harnessing Mobile Digital Technology to connect with clients
Harnessing Mobile Digital Technology to connect with clientsHarnessing Mobile Digital Technology to connect with clients
Harnessing Mobile Digital Technology to connect with clients
 
Customer Experience Optimization through Google Analytics
Customer Experience Optimization through Google Analytics Customer Experience Optimization through Google Analytics
Customer Experience Optimization through Google Analytics
 
Business model design emerge
Business model design   emergeBusiness model design   emerge
Business model design emerge
 
Understanding how online behaviour influences offline retail
Understanding how online behaviour influences offline retailUnderstanding how online behaviour influences offline retail
Understanding how online behaviour influences offline retail
 
Session 3 Yean Cheong
Session 3   Yean CheongSession 3   Yean Cheong
Session 3 Yean Cheong
 
Megatrends for sales organizations
Megatrends for sales organizationsMegatrends for sales organizations
Megatrends for sales organizations
 
Marketing in Surprising Times: NAED ADventure Conference
 Marketing in Surprising Times: NAED ADventure Conference Marketing in Surprising Times: NAED ADventure Conference
Marketing in Surprising Times: NAED ADventure Conference
 
Micro moments digital bites deck zen10
Micro moments digital bites deck zen10Micro moments digital bites deck zen10
Micro moments digital bites deck zen10
 
Mobile value exchange: How incentivization changes mobile behavior - Dynamic ...
Mobile value exchange: How incentivization changes mobile behavior - Dynamic ...Mobile value exchange: How incentivization changes mobile behavior - Dynamic ...
Mobile value exchange: How incentivization changes mobile behavior - Dynamic ...
 
Marketing in a Digital World
Marketing in a Digital WorldMarketing in a Digital World
Marketing in a Digital World
 

More from 4Ps Marketing

Why an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing Strategy
Why an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing StrategyWhy an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing Strategy
Why an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing Strategy
4Ps Marketing
 
The good the bad the ugly of digital marketing
The good the bad  the ugly of digital marketingThe good the bad  the ugly of digital marketing
The good the bad the ugly of digital marketing
4Ps Marketing
 
4Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 2013
4Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 20134Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 2013
4Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 2013
4Ps Marketing
 

More from 4Ps Marketing (16)

Digital EDGEucation autumn - bringing it back to the consumer
Digital EDGEucation autumn - bringing it back to the consumerDigital EDGEucation autumn - bringing it back to the consumer
Digital EDGEucation autumn - bringing it back to the consumer
 
Digital EDGEucation autumn - thinking beyond your blog
Digital EDGEucation autumn - thinking beyond your blogDigital EDGEucation autumn - thinking beyond your blog
Digital EDGEucation autumn - thinking beyond your blog
 
Digital EDGEucation autumn - website launches from fear to opportunity
Digital EDGEucation autumn - website launches from fear to opportunityDigital EDGEucation autumn - website launches from fear to opportunity
Digital EDGEucation autumn - website launches from fear to opportunity
 
Digital EDGEucation autumn - advanced paid search
Digital EDGEucation autumn - advanced paid searchDigital EDGEucation autumn - advanced paid search
Digital EDGEucation autumn - advanced paid search
 
Digital EDGEucation autumn - analytics in 2016
Digital EDGEucation autumn - analytics in 2016Digital EDGEucation autumn - analytics in 2016
Digital EDGEucation autumn - analytics in 2016
 
4Ps Marketing Digital EDGEucation 2015
4Ps Marketing Digital EDGEucation 20154Ps Marketing Digital EDGEucation 2015
4Ps Marketing Digital EDGEucation 2015
 
4Ps Google Breakfast Briefing
4Ps Google Breakfast Briefing4Ps Google Breakfast Briefing
4Ps Google Breakfast Briefing
 
Do you know the real story your data is telling you?
Do you know the real story your data is telling you?Do you know the real story your data is telling you?
Do you know the real story your data is telling you?
 
Fashion week dinner
Fashion week dinnerFashion week dinner
Fashion week dinner
 
Advanced Digital Advertising
Advanced Digital AdvertisingAdvanced Digital Advertising
Advanced Digital Advertising
 
Why an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing Strategy
Why an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing StrategyWhy an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing Strategy
Why an SEO Audit is Essential to Your Marketing Strategy
 
Implementing an Effective Content Marketing Strategy
Implementing an Effective Content Marketing StrategyImplementing an Effective Content Marketing Strategy
Implementing an Effective Content Marketing Strategy
 
Strategic Planning for Seasonality
Strategic Planning for Seasonality Strategic Planning for Seasonality
Strategic Planning for Seasonality
 
The good the bad the ugly of digital marketing
The good the bad  the ugly of digital marketingThe good the bad  the ugly of digital marketing
The good the bad the ugly of digital marketing
 
4Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 2013
4Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 20134Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 2013
4Ps Marketing Fashion Dinner 2013
 
Driving Offline Footfall through Online Marketing – Matt Phelan & Rachel Kneen
Driving Offline Footfall through Online Marketing – Matt Phelan & Rachel KneenDriving Offline Footfall through Online Marketing – Matt Phelan & Rachel Kneen
Driving Offline Footfall through Online Marketing – Matt Phelan & Rachel Kneen
 

Recently uploaded

Driving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary Brisco
Driving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary BriscoDriving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary Brisco
Driving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary Brisco
DigiMarCon - Digital Marketing, Media and Advertising Conferences & Exhibitions
 
Brand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdfBrand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdf
tbatkhuu1
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Brand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLane
Brand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLaneBrand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLane
Brand Strategy Master Class - Juntae DeLane
 
Social Media Marketing PPT-Includes Paid media
Social Media Marketing PPT-Includes Paid mediaSocial Media Marketing PPT-Includes Paid media
Social Media Marketing PPT-Includes Paid media
 
Uncover Insightful User Journey Secrets Using GA4 Reports
Uncover Insightful User Journey Secrets Using GA4 ReportsUncover Insightful User Journey Secrets Using GA4 Reports
Uncover Insightful User Journey Secrets Using GA4 Reports
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 144 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 144 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 144 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 144 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 
Social media, ppt. Features, characteristics
Social media, ppt. Features, characteristicsSocial media, ppt. Features, characteristics
Social media, ppt. Features, characteristics
 
Driving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary Brisco
Driving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary BriscoDriving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary Brisco
Driving AI Competency - Key Considerations for B2B Marketers - Rosemary Brisco
 
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting Group
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting GroupSEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting Group
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting Group
 
Factors-Influencing-Branding-Strategies.pptx
Factors-Influencing-Branding-Strategies.pptxFactors-Influencing-Branding-Strategies.pptx
Factors-Influencing-Branding-Strategies.pptx
 
The+State+of+Careers+In+Retention+Marketing-2.pdf
The+State+of+Careers+In+Retention+Marketing-2.pdfThe+State+of+Careers+In+Retention+Marketing-2.pdf
The+State+of+Careers+In+Retention+Marketing-2.pdf
 
The Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison Kaltman
The Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison KaltmanThe Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison Kaltman
The Future of Brands on LinkedIn - Alison Kaltman
 
What is Google Search Console and What is it provide?
What is Google Search Console and What is it provide?What is Google Search Console and What is it provide?
What is Google Search Console and What is it provide?
 
Enjoy Night⚡Call Girls Dlf City Phase 4 Gurgaon >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Enjoy Night⚡Call Girls Dlf City Phase 4 Gurgaon >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceEnjoy Night⚡Call Girls Dlf City Phase 4 Gurgaon >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Enjoy Night⚡Call Girls Dlf City Phase 4 Gurgaon >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 
No Cookies No Problem - Steve Krull, Be Found Online
No Cookies No Problem - Steve Krull, Be Found OnlineNo Cookies No Problem - Steve Krull, Be Found Online
No Cookies No Problem - Steve Krull, Be Found Online
 
Brand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdfBrand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdf
Brand experience Peoria City Soccer Presentation.pdf
 
Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...
Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...
Generative AI Master Class - Generative AI, Unleash Creative Opportunity - Pe...
 
How to Create a Social Media Plan Like a Pro - Jordan Scheltgen
How to Create a Social Media Plan Like a Pro - Jordan ScheltgenHow to Create a Social Media Plan Like a Pro - Jordan Scheltgen
How to Create a Social Media Plan Like a Pro - Jordan Scheltgen
 
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel LeminTurn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
 
Unraveling the Mystery of The Circleville Letters.pptx
Unraveling the Mystery of The Circleville Letters.pptxUnraveling the Mystery of The Circleville Letters.pptx
Unraveling the Mystery of The Circleville Letters.pptx
 
Five Essential Tools for International SEO - Natalia Witczyk - SearchNorwich 15
Five Essential Tools for International SEO - Natalia Witczyk - SearchNorwich 15Five Essential Tools for International SEO - Natalia Witczyk - SearchNorwich 15
Five Essential Tools for International SEO - Natalia Witczyk - SearchNorwich 15
 
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptxLabour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
Labour Day Celebrating Workers and Their Contributions.pptx
 

Digital EDGEucation autumn - game of phones

Editor's Notes

  1. Alicja
  2. Attribution of mobile within the wider customer journey
  3. Traffic vs Customers
  4. LWC more popular with mobile browsers – why not promote within the navigation/menu, to make customer journeys more efficient?
  5. X-device tracking