Computer graphic

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil RkaPickMuBüÚT½r mnÞI BaNiC¢kmμ nig ]sSahkmμ kUer: RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 1

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC matika CMBUk 1³ esckþIsegçbénRkaPickuMBüÚT½r nig Commands edIm,IbegáItnUvsMNakKMrU ........ 5 1> View porténkmμviFI Max nig Commands mUldæanRKwH ........................................... 6 1>1 View part ¬pÞaMgkargar¦................................................................................. 6 2> Geometry ¬erxaKNit¦ ............................................................................................ 9 2>1 Box ¬RbGb;¦ .................................................................................................. 9 2>2 Sphere ¬EsV‘r¦ ................................................................................................... 9 2>3 Cylinder ¬suILaMg¦ .......................................................................................... 14 2>4 Torus ................................................................................................................. 17 2>5 Teaport ¬):an;Et¦ ............................................................................................... 19 2>6 Cone ¬ekan¦ .................................................................................................... 21 2>7 Geosphere .......................................................................................................... 24 2>8 Tube¬TIb¦ ......................................................................................................... 26 2>9 Pyramid ¬BIr:amIt¦ ............................................................................................ 28 2>10 PLane ¬épÞrab¦ ............................................................................................ 30 3> RTg;RTay .................................................................................................................. 32 3>1 Line ¬bnÞat;¦ .................................................................................................... 32 3>2 Rectangle ¬ctuekaNEkg¦.............................................................................. 38 3>3 Circle ¬rgVg;¦.................................................................................................... 39 3>4 Ellipse ¬eGlIb¦ ............................................................................................... 41 3>5 Arc ¬GkS½¦ ........................................................................................................ 42 3>6 Donuts ¬dUNat;¦ .............................................................................................. 44 3>7 Ngon .................................................................................................................. 47 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 2

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>8 Star ¬páay¦....................................................................................................... 48 3>9 Text ¬GtßbT¦................................................................................................... 50 3>10 Herix ............................................................................................................... 52 3>11 Section ¬BMnuH¦............................................................................................... 54 CMBUk 2³ Commands edIm,IEkERbrrUbsMNak.................................................................... 58 1> Modify ¬karpøas;bþÚrrag¦ ....................................................................................... 59 1>1 Bend ¬karBt;¦................................................................................................ 59 1>2 Taper ¬kareFVIeGayRsYc¦ ............................................................................... 61 1>3 Twist ¬karkac;¦ .............................................................................................. 66 1>4 Noise ¬sMelg¦ ............................................................................................... 69 1>5 Extrude ¬karBnøÚt¦ ........................................................................................... 73 1>6 Lathe ¬karRkLwg¦ 2> Edit Spines ¬karBinitüelI Splines¦ 2>1 Modifier Stack ¬karpøas;bþÚrelIbegÁal¦ 2>2 Configure Modifier Sets dialog ¬karEkERbragsNæanerobcMtam dialog 2>3 Edit Splines ¬karBinitüelI Splines¦ 3> Edit Meshs ¬karBinitüelI Splines¦ 4> Boolean CMBUk 3³ Rendering Command 1> Light ¬BnøW¦ 1>1 Properties of Light ¬KuNsm,tþiénBnøW¦ 1>2 GaMgtg;suIet 1>3 RBMEdnénmuM RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 3

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1>4 karbnßy 1>5 BnøWcagMpøat nigBnøWsayPayCuMvij 1>6 BN’ nigBnøW 1>7 RbePTBnøWénvtßú 1>8 ):ar:aEm:RténBnøw 2> Camera ¬kaemr:a¦ 2>1 Camera CMBUk 4³ sMPar³rUbPaBelIkareFVIEpnTI 1> karBinitüelIsMPar³ 1>1 RbePTsMPar³ 2> RbePTEpnTI 2>1 yl;dwgBIRbePTEpndI 2>2 RbePTEpnTIEdl)anbMeBjtaragehIy CMBUk 5³ sMeyaKrUbPaB nigRkaPiceFVIeGaymanrUbPaB 1>karbegIátbg¥Üc 2>karbegáIteRKOgsgðarwm 3>karbegáItedImeQI 4> karbegáItmnusS 5> karbegáItrfynþ CMBUk 6³ karGnuvtþn_ nigRkaPicedIm,IrUbPaBecj 1>karbegIátbg¥Üc RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 4

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC CMBUkI ³ esckþIsegçbelIRkaPickuMBüÚT½r nig Command edm,I begáItnUvsMNakKMrU 3 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 5

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1> View port : énkmμviFI Max nig Command mUldæanRKwH 1>1 View ports rUbsNæanén viewport xagelIenHKW CarUbPaBepþImdMbUgbg¥s;enAelIeGRkg;énkmμviFI max rUbsNæanéneGRkg; EdlbgðajdMbUgman TUeTA ³ Tile Bar enHKWCacMNgeCIgxagelI EdlbgðajBIÉksarEdlkMBugdMeNIrkar. RbsinebIcg;rkSaTuknUvÉksarEdleyIgkMBug eFVIkar tamry³ File/ same command kar save ÉksarrYmKW begáIteGay)ancMNgeCIgmYy. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 6

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Menu Bar > niymn½y³ vaKWCa Command EdlrYmpSMCamYynUv Commands CaeRcIneTotenAkñúgkmμviFI Max. Rbsin A ebIeyIgcucEpñkxageqVgelI Mouse ehIydak;eGay Mouse enAelI Menu EdleyIgcg;)an enaHnwgman Commands bnÞab;eTotbgðajeLIg. B> viFIEdlGñkeRbIR)as;erobcM Menu bar eTAtamTItaMgEdleyIgcg;)an 1> Mouse TTYl)annUvTItaMgmYyedayépÞcMhrEdlenACit Command Help enAcugxagsþaMén Menu Bar . 2> cuc Mouse xagsþaMnwgecjnUvclnamYyEdlbgðajBITItaMgbnÞab;fμImYyeTot edIm,Icg;eRbIR)as; elIvacUlcucelI Command Dock enAkñúgRbGb; Dialog. Tool Bar PaBcMbgénkarvilmksPaBedImvij (Default) én Tool Bar KWpþl;CaRckcUly:agelOneTAkan;]bkrN_ (Tool) nig Dialogs sMrab;kargarTaMgLayEdlmanlkçN³smBaØTUeTAenAkñúgEpñkTn; (Software) . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 7

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Viewport vaKWCakarpSMKñaeday viewport bYn ehIyeFVIkarenAelIeGRkg;EtmYyEdlCamUldæanRKwHénkmμviFI MAX mü:ageTotva KWCaépÞsMrab;kargarfμI² CamYy viewports nigCaBMnuHEckpþac;mYyEdlmanRBMRbTl;CaBN’ ehIyman BN’ssMrab;kareFVI enARKb; viewport TaMgbYn. GñkRtUvkMNt;BIviFIEbgEck Viewport nig kMNt;eGay)anCak;lak;BI RbePTénKMehIysMrab; Viewport nimYy²enAelIbnÞHKMnUsRBag (layout) kñúgRbGb;rUbsNæanén Viewport cMeBaH Layout Edl Save enAkñúg kmμviFI MAX GacrkSaTukenAkñúg Layout d¾éTeTotEdlEckdac; BIKña kñúgkmμviFI MAX manpÞúknUvÉksarCaeRcInEdlGñkcg;)an ehIy bBa©ÚlKñaenAkñúgmatikarénÉksarEdlGñkcg;)an ehIybBa©ÚlKña enAkñúgmatikarénÉksard¾éTeTotedIm,IEfTaM Layout TaMgenH. enAkñúgEpñkTn; (Software) minmaneGaykareRCIserIs)anyUrsMrab; Layouts A nig B eT. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday tamry³ Maxscript KWman Commands edIm,Idak;eGay Layout fμI²eTAkan;karerobcMEdlGac)ancMnYn14eTot. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 8

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Gñkk¾GaceFVIeGay Viewpot NamYymanskmμPaBk¾)an rYmTaMgerobcMRbePTénKMehIj. GñkGaceFVIeTA)aneday begáItnUvKMeragFM² nigrebobrbbénGñkeRbIR)as;TaMgLay edaykarbgáb;muxénb‘UtugsMrab;cucedIm,IerobcMelI Layout NamYyEdlGñkeRCIserIs. Command Panel karbegáItbnÞH (Panel) pþl;eGaynUvkarRKb;RKgsMrab;karbegáItvtßú. enHKWCaCMhandMbUgelIkarksagpÞaMg TsSnIyPaBfμIenAkñúgkmμviFI 3ds MAX. PaKeRcInGñknwgeFVIkarbEnßmCabnþbnÞab;nUvvtßúepSg² eBjkñúgKMeragEdl )anbBa©b;ehIy. ]TahrN_³ enAeBlEdlRtUv Render elIpÞaMgTsSnIPaBmYyGñkGacRtUvkarbEnßmBnøWEfmeTot. eyIgmanRkumEdlbegáIt Panel KWRbePTénvtßúepSg²EdleyIgbegáIt enAkñúg 7RbePT. ral;EpñknImYy²manb‘Utugerog²xøÜn. enAkñúgRbePT nimYy²TaMgenH GacmanRbePTepSgeTotEdlCaRbePTbnÞab;elIvtßú nanaCaeRcIneTot. bBa¢IEdlTnøak;cuHeRkam GaceGayeyIgeRCIserIs vtßú)ankñúgcMeNamRbePTbnÞab;TaMgenaH ehIycMeBaHvtßúnimYy² k¾man b‘UtugpÞal;xøÜnrbs;EdlGñkGaccucelIvaedIm,Icab;epþImkarbegáIteLIg. 2> erxaKNit (Geometry) Geometric kMritdMbUgEdlmanlkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwgvtßúEdlmanBitkñúgelak dUcCa)al; bMBg; RbGb; nMdUNat; nignMragekansMrab;dak;kaer:m. kñúgkmμviFI 3ds MAX GñkGacbegáItnUvsMNkCaeRcIndUcCavtßúnan eday eRbIR)as;EtkMritdMbUgb:ueNÑaH. Gñkk¾GacbB©ÚalnUvkMritdMbUgTaMgenaHeGaycUlkñúgvtßúEdllkçN³sμúKsμaj ehIyeFVI eGayvamanlkçN³RbesIreLIgCamYynwgkarEkERbrUbrag. 2>1 Box ¬RbGb;¦ cucelI Create Panel cucelIb‘Utug Geometry Standard Primitives Object Type Rollout cucelIb‘Utug Box . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 9

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Create Menu Standard Primitives Box KUb³ eFVIeGay beNþay TTwg nigkMBs; mantMélesμIKña karbegáItKUbKWCa CMh‘anmYyénkarGnuvtþ eyIgcab;epþImBIcMnuckNþalénKUb TajbBa©ÚlKña view port EtmYyedIm,IerobcMTMhMpÞal;rbs;KUbNamYy enAkñúg Parameter rollout. RbGb;³ begáItnUvRbGb;KMrUfñak;dMbUgmYy edaycab;epþImBIRCugmYy eTAkan;RCugmYyeTotEdlsßitenAbeBaäógKña CamYynigkarerobcMRbEvgepSg²KñaénbeNþay TTwg nigkMBs;. pÞaMgkargar Keyboard Entry pÞúknUvkarerobcMCaTUeTAénTItaMg EdlerobtamlMdab;GkSr X,Y nig Z tYelx EdlGñkvaybBa©Úlnwglyecjtam cMnYnenaHeTAtambeNþayGkS½énépÞrab EdlkMBugEtdMeNIrkar ehIyk¾man lkçN³dUcKñanig Home grid rW Grid object Edr. tMélbUk nigdkRtUvKña nigTwsedAviC¢man nigGviC¢manénGkS½TaMg enaH. Defauts= 0,0,0 KWCacMnuckNþalén Grid EdlkMBugdMeNIrkar. TItaMgEdlerobeday X, Y KWmanPaBesμIKña nigTItaMgénkarrMkil Mouse cuHeRkamelITImYy enAkñúgviFIsa®sþKMrUénkarbegáItvtßú. Parameters Rollout begáItRbGb;mYyedaykMNat;mYyenAelIEpñknimYy² Defauts - beNþay TTwg kMBs;³ erobcMbeNþay TTwg nigkMBs;énRbGb;. ktþaTaMgGs;enHk¾sMEdgeLIgdUcCa³ - kMNat;beNþay TTwg kMBs;³ erobcMtYelxsMrab;karEbgEcktamGkS½nimYy² énvtßú. eyIgGac erobcMTukCamun rW eRkayeBlénkarbegáIt. tamry³ Default EpñkmYyénRbGb;KWCakMNat;mYy. eBlEdlGñkerob cMtMélelxmþgeTot enaHtMélfμInwgkøayCa Default fμImYyeTot Default= 1,1,1 . - Tip:karerobcMedaytMeLIgtMélelxénkMNat;NamYy edImIeGayvtßúenaHTTYl)annUvlT§pl elIsFmμta tamry³RbsiT§iPaBénbMlas;bþÚr. ]TahrN_³ RbsinebIGñk nigBt;RBGb;mYyelIGkS½ Z GñkRbEhlnwgcg; (Height Segments Parameters) 4dg rWeRcInCagenH. Generate Mapping Coordinate: karbegáItnUvkarsMrbsMrYlsMrab;Gnuvtþ elIsMPar³nanaEdlTak;TgnigRbGb;. Default = off . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 10

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm,IbegáItRbGb; 1> Click elI Create cucelIpÞaMgrUb Geometry enAkñúg Command Panel 2> Click elIb‘Utug Box 3> enAelIpÞaMg Object Type Edlbgðajmk/ cucelI Box enAkñúg View port NamYyk¾eday RtUvbBa¢ak;n½y BIépÞ)atragctuekaNEkg bnÞab;mkRtUverobcMelIbeNþay nigkMBs;. 4> Click edIm,IbBa©b;elIkarerobcMkMBs; ehIybegáItRbGb;eLig 2>2 Sphere ¬EsV‘r¦ cucelI Create Panel cucelIb‘Utug Geometry Standard Primitives Objective Type rollout cucelIb‘Utug Sphere . Create menu Standard Primitive Sphere RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 11

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Create Method Rollout - Edge ¬RCug¦³ eyIgKUrEs‘VrBIRCugmçageTARCugmçageTotGñkGacpøas;bþÚr TItaMgéncMnuckNþaledaykarrMkil Mouse . - Center ¬cMNuckNþal¦³ KUrEsV‘rcab;bIcMnuckNþalecjeTA karkMNt; Defauls nwgplit)anEsV‘rd¾rlagmYyEdlpÁúMeLIgeday 32kMNat; ehIy ehIycMnucEdlCasñÚlénEsV‘renaH KWCacMNuckNþal. - Radius ¬kaM¦³ kMNt;eGay)anCak;lak;nUvkaMrbs;EsV‘r - Segments ¬kMNat;¦³ erobcMcMnYnkMNat;rbs;EsV‘redaykarEbgEckrag BhuekaN. - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ PaBbnSúIKñaénépÞmuxrbs;EsV‘r begáItegay)anCaépÞrelagmYybgðajeLIgkñúg KMehIjénkar Render. - Hemisphere ¬GDÆEs‘Vr¦³ karbEnßmtMélelxeLIgCalMdab;nwg bNþaleGaykat;pþac;ragEsV‘r edaycab; epþImBI)ateTAedIm,ICakarbegáItEsV‘rmYyPaKtaragtMélelxmancab;BI 0>0 eTA 1>0. Default KW 0>0 begáIt)anCa EsV‘rmanrUbrageBjeljmYy. karEkERbtMélelxmk 0>5 nwgbegáIteGay)anrag eBajeljmYy. karEkERbtMélelxmk 0>5 nwgbegáIteGay)anragBak;kNþal EsV‘r cMeBaMtMél 1>0 nwgkat;bnßyragEsV‘rGs;rlIg. Default: 0.0 karBuHnwg karbMEbk Chop ¬karBuH¦³ karbnßycMnYnénExSbBaÄr nigépÞmuxkñúgEsV‘redaykarBuH “Chopping” EpñkTaMgenaHecj KWdUcCakar kat;pþac;ragGDÆEsV‘rEdr. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 12

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Default = On - ¬karbMEbk¦³ karrkSatMélelxénExSbBaÄr nigépÞmuxkat;enAkñúgEsV‘redIm. karbMEbkrag Squash Geometry eGaykan;EttUceTA² eq<aHeTAkan;EpñkxagelIénEs‘Vr. kñúgxN³EdlkarrkSaragEsV‘r eyIgGaceRbIkMENfμIxusBImux cMeBaHEsV‘rEdl)anbMEbgehIysMrab;vtßú. - Slice on ¬kareRcokelI¦³ eyIgeRbImuMeRcokecj (From) nigeRcokcUl (To) edIm,IbegáIt)anEsV‘rmYyPaK. cMeBaHRbsiT§iPaBrbs;vaKWman lkçN³RsedogKña nigkarRkLwgragBak;kNþalrgVg; EdlmanmuMticCa 360 . º - Slice From ¬kareRcokecj¦³ kMNt;muMEdlcab;epþIm - Slice To ¬kareRcokcUl¦³ kMNt;muMEdlRtUvbBa©b; - Base to Pivot ¬BI)ateTAsñÚl¦³ rMkilEsV‘reLIgelItambeNþayGkS½ Z dUcenHcMNucsñÚlénEsV‘r KWsßitenAKl;rbs; va. eBlEdleyIgyk Off enaHcMnucsñÚlsßitenaelIépÞrabénsMNg; ehIyenAcMkNþalénEsV‘r. Default = Off karpøas;bþÚrBIKl;eTAsñÚlGaceGay eyIgeFVIeGayGDÆEsV‘rkMerIk)andUcenHvabgðajeLIgdUcCakardusecjBI épÞrab rWk¾liccUlkñúgenaH. mü:ageTotGaceGayGñkTukdak;EsV‘rTaMgGs;enaH)anenAelIépÞrabmYy dUcCaeyIgdak; )al;enAelItuy:agdUecñHEdr. RbsiT§PaBén kareRbIR)as; karerobcMBIKl;eTAsñÚl. Generate Mapping Coordintates: karbegáItnUvkarsMrbsMrYlsMrab;Gnuvtþn_elIsMPar³nanaEdlTak;Tg nig RbGb;. Default= Off edIm,IbegáItEsV‘r 1> Click elI Create cucelIpÞaMg Geometry enAkñúg Command Panel nig Click elIb‘Utug Sphere 2> enAelIpÞaMg Creation method rollout cucelI Center 3> enAelI Viewport NamYyk¾eday TajmkedIm,IkMNt;kaM 4> EsV‘rmYypusecjmkedaykarTajrbs;eyIg ehIycMnuckNþalsßitenARtg;cMnucsñÚlrbs;va bnÞab;mk eyIgRBElgkarcuceLIgkarcucelI Mouse nigerobcMRbEvgkaMedIm,IbegáIt)anEsV‘r. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 13

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2>3 Cylinder ¬suILaMg¦ cucelI Create panel cucelIb‘Utug Geometry yk Standard Primitives objective type rollout cucelIb‘Utug Cylinder Create Menu Standard Primitives Cylinder Create Method Rollout - Edge ¬RCug¦³ eyIgKUrsuILaMgBIRCugmYyeTARCugmYyeTto. GñkGacpøas; bþÚr TItaMgéncMnuckNþaledaykarrMkil Mouse . - Center ¬cMNuckNþal¦³ KUrsuILaMgedayecjBIcMnuckNþaleTA. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 14

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Parameters Rollout Defauts begáIteGay)anCaEsV‘rrelagmYypÁúMeLIgeday 18 cMerok nigmancMNucsñÚlsßitenAcMkNþalén )at. vamankMBs; 5kMNat; nig1kMNat;sMrab;KMrb. RbsinebIGñkminmanKMeragnwg eFVIkarEkERbragerArbs;suILaMg dUcCakarBt;ragvaenaHeT kaerobcMkMNat;kMBs;GaymantMéleTAelx 1 edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBsμúKsμaj. ebIGñkcg; EkERbcugrbs;suILaMg RtUvBinitüelIkartMeLIgEpñkkMNat;KMrb. - Radious ¬kaM¦³ kMNat;kaMénsuILaMg - Height ¬kMBs;¦³ kMNt;TMhMtambeNþayGkS½kNþal. cMeBaHtMélelxGviC¢manbegáIteGay)ansuILaMg sßitenaeRkamépÞrab. - Height Segments ¬kMNat;kMBs;¦³ kMNt;cMnYnénkarEbgEcktamGkS½cMbgrbs;suILaMg. kMNat;kMBs;=5 kMNat;kMBs;=12 KMrb=0 KMrb=5 - Cap Segments ³ erobcMcMnYnénkarEbgEckeGay)anjwkCuMvij cMnuckNþalénEpñkelInig )atrbs; suILaMg. - Sides ¬cMehog¦³ erobcMcMnYncMehogenACuMvijsuILaMg. CamYy nigkareRCIserIsykBakü Smooth off RtUvbnßytYelx dUcenHvabegáIt)anvtßúragBhuekaN. cMeBaHkaryk Smooth on RtUvbEnßmtYelx ehIy dak;RsemalelIva nig Render eGaydUcCargVg;y:agBitR)akdmYy. - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ épÞmuxrbs;suILaMgmanlkçN³bnSúcUlKñakarbegáItPaBrelag KWeFVIeLIgenAkñúg I KMehIykar Render. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 15

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - ³ manmuxgarEdlGaceRcok)an. ¬Default= Off¦ eBlGñkbegáItcMerokmYy ehIyGñkbiTelI Slice on Bakü Slice on naMeGaysuILaMgmYyEdlmanrUbrageBjeljnwgbgðajeLIg. GñkGaceRbIR)as;RbGb; Binitü (Check Box) edIm,ibiT rWebIkvas;sÞg;TaMgBIrenH. - Slice from, Slice To³ erobcMcMnYnmuMCuMvijGkS½ Z cab;BItMélelx 0 enAelIGkS½ sMrab;karerobcMTaMgBIrenH tMélviC¢manrMkilcugéncMerok ehIyRcasnigRTnicnaLikar cMENktMélGviC¢man manclnaRsbnwgRTnicnaLika. dUcKñaenHEdr karerobcMGaceFVIeLIgTukCamun eBjEdldl;cMnuccugeRkayenaHrag suILaMgeBjeljmYynwgbgðajeLIg. Generated Mapping Coordinates: erobcMelItMrUbkarénkarsMrbsMrYlsMrab;pþl;sMPar³nanaEdlTak;Tgnig suILaMg. Default= Off edIm,IbegþItsuILaMg 1> Click elI Create cucelIpÞaMg Geometry kñúg Command Panel 2> Click elIb‘Utug Box 3> elIpÞaMg Creation Method rollout, Click elI Center 4> enAelI Viewport NamYyk¾eday cuc Mouse enAelIenHehIyGUsecjedIm,IkMNt;kaMénépÞ)at bnÞab; mkRBElg Mouse vijedIm,IerobcMelIkaMgTaMgenaH. karrMkileLIg rWcuH sMedAelIkMBs; dUcKña nigtMél viC¢man rWGviC¢manEdr. Click edIm,IerobcMelIkMBs; nigbegáItsuILaMg. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 16

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2>4 Torus Create panel cucelIbU‘tug Geometry Standard Primitives Object Type rollout cucelIb‘Utug Torus Creation Method Rollout - Edge ¬RCug¦³ eyIgKUr Torus cab;BIRCugmYyeTARCugmYyeTot. GñkGac pøas;bþÚrTItaMgéncMNuckNþaledaykarrMkil Mouse . - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ KUr Torus edayecjBIcMnuckNþalén Torus eTA kan;cMnuckNþalénBMnuHkat;rgVg;. enHKWCakaMénrgVg;EdlvN½ÐCuMvij Torus. - Radious 1 ¬kaMTI1¦³ begáItcMgayBIcMnuckNþalén Torus eTAkan;cMnuc kNþalénBMnuHkat;rgVg;. enHKWCakaMrgVg;vNÐ½CuMvij Torus. - Radious 2¬kaMTI2¦³ begáItkaMénBMnuHkat;rgVg;. tMélén Default KW 10 units tMélelxenHtMNageGayral;eBl EdlGñkbegáIt Torus. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 17

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Rotation ¬karbgVil¦³ kMNt;kMritmuMedIm,IbgVil. kñúgkarbgVilEpñkbBaÄrmanlkçN³dUcKña nigkarrt;rbs;rgVg;tam ry³GkS½kNþalrbs;ExSvN½ÐCuMvij Torus . tMélviC¢man nigGviC¢mansMrab;erobcMkarbgVl;enH KWEpñkbBaÄrmanTis edAdUcCaenAelIépÞmuxrbs; Torus. - Twist ¬karmYl¦³ begáItmuMsMrab;karrmYl. karbgVilénBMnuHkat; manlkçN³kan;EtekIneLIgdUcCa clnart;rbs; rgVg;CuMvijcMnuckNþalrbs; Torus. cMnuccab;epþImcMeBaHkarrmYlKW PaBrgVilbnþKñaénBMnuHkat; rhUtdl;BnuHcug eRkay EdlmantMélelxénmuM )ankMNt;Rsab;. karrmYlekok nig Torus ¬minEmnCakareRcokeT¦ begáIteGay)anCakarrYmtUcenAkMNat;TImYy. GñkGac eCosvagbBaðaenHedaybEnßmtYelxelImuM 360 rWedaykaryk Slice on ehIyerobeGay Slice from nig Slice To º eTAelxsUnü edIm,IrkSa Torus eGay)aneBjelj. - Segments ¬kMNat;¦³ erobcMcMnYnénkarEbgEckEdlmanlkçN³dUcCagkaMkg;enACuMvij Torus .tamry³ karkat;bnßycMnYnTaMgenHvij eyIgGacbegðItCargVg;ctuekaNCMnYseGayragrgVg;mul. - Sides ¬cMehog¦³ erobcMnYncMehogénBMnuHkat;rgVg;rbs; Torus . edaykarkat;bnßycMnYnxagelI eyIg GacbegáItCaBMnuHkat;ragRBIwsmYyCMnYsBMnuHkat;ragrgVg;mUl. Smooth Group ¬RkumsMrab;PaBrelag¦³ eRCIserIsykkMriténPaBrelagmYykñúgcMeNamkMritTaMg4³ - All (Default)³ KWCakarbegáItPaBrelagy:ageBjlkçN³enARKb;épÞmuxTaMgGs;rbs; Torus . - Sides ¬cMehog¦³ PaBrelagy:ageBjeljlkçN³enARKb;épÞmuxTaMgGs;rbs; Torus. - None ¬Kμan¦³ karbiTnUvPaBrelagTaMgGs; naMeGaybegáIt)anCaépÞmuxragRBIsenAelI Torus. - Segments ¬kMNat;¦³ kMNat;nimYy² manPaBrelagpÞal;rbs;vakMNat;TaMgenaH begáIteGaymanlkçN³ dUcCakgenACuMvij Torus . - Slice On ³ kareRcok Torus tammuM 360 begáIteGay)anCacMENkmYy º - Slice From ³ eBleyIgebIk Slice On RtUvkMNt;muMeGay)anRtwmRtUvenAkEnøgEdlcab;epþImeRcok Torus. - Slice To³ eBlEdleyIgebI Slice on RtUvkMNt;muMeGay)anRtwmRtUvenAkEnøgEdlkareRcok Torus RtUv bBa©b;. Generate Mapping Coordinates: erobcMelItMrUvkarénkarsMrbsMrYlsMrab;pþl;sMPar³nanaeTA Torus . Default = Off RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 18

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm,IbegáIt Torus 1> Click elI Create Click elI Geometry kñúg Command Panel Click elIb‘Utug Torus 2> enaelIpÞaMg Creation Method Rollout cucelI Center 3> enAelI Viewport NamYyk¾eday cuc Mouse elIenaHehIyGUsecjedIm,IkMNt; Torus. tamkarTaj enaH Torus k¾bgðajeLIgCamYynwg cMnuckNþalEdlsßitenAcMnucsñÚlrbs;va. RBElg Mouse vijedIm,IerobcMkaMén kg; Torus . 4> rMkileTAkarkMNt;kaMénBMnuHkat;TTwg rgVg;ehIy Click edIm,IbegáItva Torus 2>5 Teaport ¬)a:n;Et¦ Creat panel Geometry botton Standard Primitives Object Type rollout Teaport Button Create menu Standard Primitives Teaport Creation Method Rollout RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 19

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Edge ¬RCug¦³ eyIgcab;KUr Teaport BIRCugmYy eTAkan;RCugmYyeTot. GñkGac pøas;bþÚrTItaMg éncMnuckNþaledaykarrMkil Mouse . - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ KUr Teaport edayecjkNþaleTA. Parameter Rollout - Radious¬kaM¦³ begáItkaMrbs; Teaport - Segments ¬kMNat;¦³ begáItcMnYncMENksMrab; Teaport rWk¾EpñknimYy²rbs;va. - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ lkçN³bnSúIKñaénépÞmuxrbs; Teaport begáIteGay)anPaBrelagenAkñúgKMehIy render . ¬RkuménbMENk Teaport ¦ Teaport Parts Group eyIgyk Check Boxes ebIk rWbiTsMrab;bMENkén Teaport tamry³karebIk Default TaMGs; eFVIeGaybegáIt )annUvrag Teaport y:ageBjlkçN³mYy. Generate Mapping Coordinates: erobcMelIkarsMrbsMrYlsMrab;GnuvtþelIkarbMBak;sMPar³elI Teaport Default= Off edIm,IbegáIt Teaport 1> Click elI Create cucelI Geometry kñúg Command Panel bnÞab;mk click elI Teaport b‘Utug. 2> enAelIpÞaMg Creation Method Rollout Click elI Center 3> enAelI View port NamYyk¾eday cucelIenaHehIyGUsvamkCamYynigkarGUsenaH Teaport mYyk¾ bgðaj eLIgedaymancMNucsñÚlsßitcMkNþalénépÞ)at. 4> RBElg Mouse mkvijedIm,IerobcMelIkaM nigbegáIt Teaport RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 20

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2>6 Cone ¬ekan¦ Create panel Geometry button Standard primitives object type rollout cone button Create Menu Standard Primitives Cone Create Method Rollout ¬RCug¦³ eyIgKUrekanedaycab;BIRCugmYyeTARCugmYyeTot eyIgGacpøas;bþÚrcMnuc kNþaleday - Edge karrMkilTItaMgén Mouse . - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ KUrekanedayecjBIcMnuckNþaleTA Parameters Rollout Default begáIt)anCaPaBrelag kñúgmYyCuMekanpÁúMeday 24cMENk ehIy mancMnucsñÚlenAcMkNþal)at. vamankMNat;kMBs; 5 nigkMNat;sMrab; KMrbmYy.edIm,IeFVIeGay Render kan;EtmanlkçN³RbesIreLIg eyIgRtUv bEnßmtYelxrbs;kMNat;kMBs; edIm,I)annUvekand¾relagmYy CaBiessKW cugRsYc. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 21

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Radius 1¬kaMTI1¦/ Radius 2 ¬kaMTI2¦³ begáItkaMTI1 nigkaMTI2 sMrab; ekan. cMnYnénkarbegáIttYelxtUcbMputKW sUnü cMeBaHtMélGviC¢manTaMgGs;KW pøas;CasUnü. eyIgGacbBa©Úlkar erobcMTaMgenH edIm,IbegáItekanEdlmancugRsYc nigekanEdlmancugCaépÞrab ehIydak;bBaÄrRtg;eTAelI rW dak; bRBa©avij. kñúgkarbBa©ÚlKñaxagelIenH RtUvsnñtkMBs;kñúgtMélviC¢manTukCamun. - Height ¬kMBs;¦³ begáItnUvRbEvgtambeNþayGkS½kNþal. tMélelxGviC¢manbegáIt)anekanEdlsßitenAeRkam épÞrab. ¬kMNat;kMBs;¦³ begáItnUvcMnYnéncMENkrbs;kMNat;kMBs;tambeNþayGkS½emrbs;ekan. - Height Segment - Cap Segment ¬EpñkKMrb¦³ begáItcMnYnéncMENkEdlmancMnucrYmEtmYy enACuMvijcMnuckNþalénEpñkxagelI)at rbs;ekan. kaMTI2 = 0 begáIt)anekanEdlcugRsYc kaMTI1 = 0 begáIt)anekaNEdlmancugRsYcbRBa©as kaMTI1 FMCagkaMTI2 begáIt)ankMNt;ekan kaMTI2 FMCagkaMTI1 begáIt)ankMNat;ekanbRBa©as - Sides ¬cMehog¦³ kMNt;cMnYncMehogenACuMvijekan tMélelxEdlx<s;KWmanRsemal nig Render eGaydUcCargVg; CamYynig karykBakü Smooth. tMélelxEdlkan;EtTab begáIt)anCavtßúragBhuekaNFmμta CamYynwgkaryk Bakü Smooth off . - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ eFVIeGayépÞmuxkat;rbs;ekanmanlkçN³bnSúIKñaenaH vanwgbegáIt)annUvPaBrelagkñúg KMehIj Render. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 22

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Slice On ³ manmuxgarEdlGaceRcok)an. Default=off eBlEdlcab;epþImeRcokehIy biTBakü Slice on enaH ekanEdleBjlkçN³mYynwgbgðajeLIg. eyIgGaceRbIRbGb; Check box edJIm,IeRCIserIskarbiT rWebIkrvagkar vas;sÞg;TaMgBIr. - Slice from, Slice to ³begáItcMnYnmuMCuMvijGkS½ Z Edlcab;epþImBIcMnucsUnüenAelIGkS½ X cMeBaHkarerobcMTaMgBIrxagelI tMélviC¢manmanclnarMkileTAcugrbs; Slice nigmanTisedAbRBa©asRTnic naLika rIÉtMélGviC¢manrMkiltamTisedARTnicnaLika. CamYyKñaenHeyIgGacerobcMTukCamun)an ehIyeBlcMnuc xagcugCYbKña naMeGayekanbgðajrUbrageLIg. Generate Mapping Coordinates: erobcMtMrUvkarsMrab;sMrbsMrYl sMrab;karGnuvtþn_elIkarbMBak;sMPar³elIekan. Default= Off edIm,IbegáItekan³ 1> Click elI Create cucelI Geometry kñúg Command Panel nigcucelIb‘Utug Cone 2> enAelIpÞaMg Creation Method Rollout cucelI Center 3> elI Viewport NamYyk¾)an cucelI Mouse elIenaHehIyGUsecjedIm,IkMNt;kaMénépÞ)atrbs;ekan bnÞab;mkRBElg Mouse vijedIm,IerobcMelIenaH. rMkileLIgelI rWcuHeRkamedIm,IkMNt;kMBs;k¾dUcnig tMélviC¢man rWGviC¢manEdr ehIycucelIenaHedIm,ICakarkMNt;. karrMkiledIm,IkMNt;kaMrbs;cMnucmYy eTotrbs;ekan. bnßytMélkaMeTAelx 0 edIm,I)anekanEdlmancugRsYc. 4> Click edIm,IerobcMelIkaMgTIBIr nigbegáIt)anekan. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 23

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2>7 Geoshpere Create Panel Geometry Button Standard Primitives Object Type Rollout Geosphere button Create menu Standard Primitives Geosphere - Diameeter ¬viC¢maRt¦³ KUr Geosphere cab;BIRCugmYyeTAkan;RCugmYyeTot. eyIgGacbþÚrTItaMgéncMnuckNþal edaykarrMkil Mouse. - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ KUr Geosphere ecjBIcMnuckNþal. Parameters Rollout - Radius¬kaM¦³ begáItTMhMrbs; Geosphere - Segment ¬kMNat;¦³ begáItcMnYnépÞmuxsrubenAelI Geosphere. cMnYnépÞ muxenAelI Geosphere KWesμInwgcMnYndgéncMehogrbs; Polyhydron elIk Cakaer. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 24

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC cMeBaHkMNat;EdlmantMélelxkan;EtTab KWmandMeNIrkar)anl¥. cMENkkareRbIR)as;kMNat;mantMélGtibrma rhUtdl; 200 GacbegáIt)anépÞmux dl;eTA 800/000 b:uEnþCarUbbgðajEdlmanlkçN³Gn;minsUvl¥. Geodesic Base Type Group eyIgGnuBaØateGayGñkeRCIserIsykrag Polyhydron FmμtamYykñúgcMeNam Polyhydrons TaMgbIsMrab;Ca RKwHén Geometry rbs;EsV‘r. - Tetra ³ KWCamUldæanRKwHénctumux ¬muxbYn¦ épÞmuxEdlmanragRtIekaNGacpøas;bþÚrTMrg; nigTMhM)an. EsV‘rmYyGacbMEbkCabYncMENkesμIKña. - Octa³ KWCamUldæanRKwHénGdæmux ¬muxR)aMbI¦ épÞEdlmanragCaRtIekaNGacpøas;bþÚrTMrg;nig TMhM)an.EsV‘r mYyGacbMEbkeTACaR)aMbIcMENkesμIKña. - Icosa³ KWCamUldæanRKwHragmanmuxémÖ épÞmuxragRtIekaNTaMgGs;manTMhMesμI²Kña. EsV‘rGacbMEbkCacMnYn Nak¾)anEdlmankMNat;esμIKña. KWCamUldæanRKWHénBhuekaN nigkarEbgEckmuxémÖ. - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ PaBrelagGacGnuvtþ)aneTAelIEpñkxagelIrbs;EsV‘r. - Hemisphere ³ KWCakarbegáIttaragBak;kNþalEsV‘r. - Base To Pivote ¬BI)ateTAsñÚl¦³ erobcMTItaMgsMrab;cMnucsñÚl eBlEdleyIgebIkva enaHcMnucsßitenA)at eRkaménEsV‘r ktþaTaMgenHminmanp;lb:HBal;GVIenAeBlEdl Hemesphere enAebIkeT. Generated Mapping Coords ³Gnuvtþn_ Default sMrab;sMrbsMrYlelIkarerob Geosphere edIm,IbegáIt Geosphere 1> Click Create cucelI Geometry kñúg Command Panel nig Click elI Geosphere 2> enAelIpÞaMg Creation Method Rollout cucelI Center 3> enAkñúg ViewportNamYycuc Mouse elIenaHehIyGUsecjedImI,kMNt;cMnuckNþal nigkaMrbs; Geosphere 4> erobcMelI Parameters dUcCa Geodesic Base Type nig Segments RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 25

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2>8 Tupe ¬TIb¦ Create Panel Geometry button Standard Primitives Objective type rollout Tube button Creation menu Standard Primitives Tube Creation Method Rollout - Edge ¬RCug¦³ KUrTIbBIRCugmYyeTAeTARCugeTot. eyIgGacpøas;bþÚrTItaMgéncMnuckNþaledaykarrMkil Mouse . - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ KUrTIbecjBIcMnuckNþaleTA. Parameters Rollout Default eFVIeGay)anCaPaBrelag bMBg;TIbmYypÁúMedaycMehogcMnYn18 nigmancMnucsñÚlsßitenAcMkNþal )at vamankMNat;sMrab;kMBs;5 nigmankMNat;mYysMrab;KMrb. ebIGñkminmanKMnitpøas;bþÚrragsuILaMgdUcCapøas;bþÚr edaykarBt; karkMNt;kMBs;eTACaelx1 edIm,Ikat;bnßynUvPaBsμúKsμaj. ebIGñkcg;pøas;bþÚrcugrbs;suILaMgRtUv emIlelIkarbEnßmcMnYnrbs;KMrb. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 26

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Radius1, Radius2³ cMeBaHkaMxageRkArbs;TIbRtUverobcMeGay mantMélelxFMCag ehIykaMenAxagkñúgerobcMeGaytUcCag. - Height ¬kMBs;¦³ kMNt;cMgaytambeNþayGkS½kNþal. tMél GviC¢manrbs;kMBs;begáIteGay)anCaTIbsßitenAeRkamépÞrab. - Height Segment ¬kMNat;kMBs;¦³ erobcMcMnYnéncMENktam beNþayGkS½emrbs;TIb. - Cap Segments ¬KMrb¦³ erobcMcMnYncMENkEdlmancMnuckNþal rYmKña enACuMvijén)at nigEpñkxagelIrbs;TIb. - Sides ¬cMehog¦³ kMNt;cMnYncMehogenACuMvijTIb tMélelxkan;Etx<s; pþl;nUvRsemal nig Render bEnßmman lkçN³dUcCargVg;Bit² TnÞwmnigkarEdleyIgykBakü Smooth on. cMeBaHtMélelxkan;EtTabvanwg begáIt)anCa vtßúragBhuekaNFmμtamYy edayeyIgykBakü Smooth Off. - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ eBlEdleyIgebIkelI Default enaHépÞmuxrbs;TIbmanlkçN³bnSIcUlKña ehIybegáIt eGay)anCaPaBrelagelceLIgenAkñúgKMehIj Render. - Slice on³ manlkçN³sMrab;eGayeyIgeRcokvtßúecj)an. kEnøgEdlRtUveRcokecjenaHsßitenAv½NÐCuMvijTIb. Default =Off - Slice From; Slice To³ erobcMtMélelxénmuMCuMvijGkS½ Z edaycab;BIcMnucsUnüenAelIGkS½ X . Generate Mapping Coodinates³ erobcMelItMrUvkarsMrab;karsMrbsMrYledIm,IGnuvtþkñúgkarbMBak;sMPar³elITIb. Default =Off edIm,IbegáItTIb 1> Click elI Creat cucelI Geometry kñúg Command Panel ehIy Click elIb‘Utug Tube 2> enAelI Creation Method Rollout Click elI Center 3> enAelI Viewport NamYyk¾eday cuc Mouse elIenaHehIyGUsecjedIm,IkMNt;kaMTImYy EdlkaMenaH GacCakaMenAkñúg rWenAxageRkATIbRBElg Mouse mkvijedIm,IerobcMelIkaMTI1enaH. rMkileTAedIm,IkMNt; elIkaMTI2 ehIy Click edIm,IerobelIva. rMkileLIgelI rW cuHeRkamedIm,IkMNt;d¾dUcCatMélviC¢man rW GviC¢man. 4> Click edIm,IkMNt;elIkMBs; nigbegáItTIbeLIg. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 27

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2>9 Pyramid ¬BIr:amIt¦ Create panel Geometry button Standard Primitives Object Type Rollout Pyramid Button Creation Menu Standard Primitives Pyramid ¬)at¼kMBUl¦³ begáIt)atBIr:amItcab;BIRCugmYyeTAkan;RCugmYyeTotEdlenAQmmuxKña. - Base/Apex - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ begáIt)atBIra:mItcab;BIcMnuckNþaleTa. Parameters Rollout ³ - Width Depth and Height ¬TTwg/ CMerA nigkMBs;¦ erobcMcMgayrbs; cMehogénBIr:amItEdlmanlkçN³suIKña. - Width Depth and Height Segs ¬kMNat;TTwg kMNat;beNþay nig kMNat;kMBs;¦³ erobcMcMnYnrbs;kMNat;EdlTak;TgeTAnwg cMehogrbs; BIra:mIt. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 28

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Generate Mapping Coordinates ³ erobcMtMrUvkarsMrab;sMrbsMrYledIm,IGnuvtþelIkarbMBak; sMPar³enAelIBIra:mIt. Default = Off edIm,IbegáItBIr:amIt 1> Click Create cucelI Geometry kñúg Command Panel ehIy Click elI Pyramid b‘Utug 2> enaelI Creation method rollout cucelI Base/Apex 3> enAelI Viewport NamYy cuc Mouse elIenaHehIyGUsecjedIm,IkMNt;)atrbs; Pyramid. ebIeyIgcg; eRbI)at rWkMBUl RtUvkMNt;eGayc,as;BIcMnucpÞúyKñarbs;)at karrMkil Mouse epþk rWbBaÄrKWedIm,IkMNt;elITTwg nig kMBs;rbs;)at. ebIsinGñkcg;eRbIR)as;elIcMnuckNþal RtUvcuc Mouse ehIyGUsecjBIcMnuckNþalén)ateTA. bnÞab;mk Click elIenaH ehIyrMkil Mouse edIm,IkMNt;kMBs;. 4> Click edIm,IsMerc)anBIr:amItmYy. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 29

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2>10 Plane ¬épÞrab¦ Create panel Geometry button Standard Primitives Object Type rollout Plane button Create menu Standard Primitives > Plane Create Menu Standard Primitives Plane Creation Method Rollout - Rectangle ¬ctuekaNEkg¦³ begáItépÞrabkMritdMbUgedaycab;BIRCugmYy eTARCugmYyeTotEdlenAQmmuxKña cMeBaHkarerobcMkñúgeBlEtmYyrvagtMélelxTaMgGs;xus² KñadUCabeNþay nigTTwg. - Square ¬kaer¦³ begáItépÞrabragkaermYyEdlmanbeNþay nigTTwgesμIKña eyIgGacpøas;bþÚrcMgayTaMgGs;enA pÞaMgkargar Parameters EdlbgðajtameRkay. Parameter Rollout - Length, Width ¬beNþay/TTwg¦³ erobcMRbEvgbeNþay TTwg nigkMBs;rbs;épÞrab. kargarenHnwgbgðajeGay eyIgeXIjRsab;kñúgxN³EdlGñkGUs Mouse ecjBIcMehogRbGb;. GñkGacBinitüemIleLIgvijBItMélTaMgLay. Default=0,0,0 - Length Segs, Width Segs ³ begáItcMnYncMENktambeNþay GkS½nimYy² rbs;vtßú. eyIgGacerobcMTukCamun rWeRkaykar begáIt tamry³ Default, enAtamcMehognimYy² rbs;épÞrabpÁúM edaykMNat;bYn. eBlEdleyIgerobcMeLIgvijBItMélelxTaMg enHtMélfμIEdlbegáIteLIg nwgkøayCa Default fμIsMrab;vKÁfμI. Render Multipilers Group ³ karkMNt;eGaycMnUvktþanImYy² KWbeNþay nigTTwgEdlGaceGayeyIgeFVIkar Render )aneRcIn - Render Scale dg. Scaling ¬maRtdæan¦ bgðajeLIgBIcMnuckNþaleTAxageRkA. - Render Segs³ kMNt;ktþanimYy² tamry³cMnYnénkMNat;rbs;beNþay nigTTwgEdl Render )aneRcIndg. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 30

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Generate Mapping Coordinates ³ begáItkarsMrbsMrYlkñúgkarGnuvtþn_elIkarbMBak;sMPar³ elIépÞrab. Default=Off edIm,IbegáItépÞrab ³ 1> Click Creat cucelI Geometry enAkñúg Command Panel ehIy Click elIb‘Utug Plane 2> enAelIpÞaMg Creation Method Rollout Click elI Rectangle . 3> enAkñúg Viewport NamYycuc Mouse elIenaHehIyGUsecjedIm,IbegáItCaépÞrab. 4> Click edIm,IbegáItnUvépÞrab RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 31

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3> Shape ¬RTg;RTay¦ RTg;Tay rWragKWCabnÞat; 2D rWk¾ 3D nigCaRkuménbNþalbnÞat;TaMgLayNaEdlCaFmμtaGñkeRbIR)as;vaCa smasPaKrbs;kmμvtßú (Object) d¾éTeTot. PaKeRcInénRTg;RTayEdleKkMNt;eGaymkRsab;eRcIn EtbegáItBI Spline . 3>1 Lines ¬bnÞat;¦ Create Panel Shape Splines Object Type Rollout Line Create menu Shapes Line ³ GnuBaØatieGayGñkbegáItkmμvtßúCasV½yRbvtþienAelIépÞmuxénvtßúd¾éTeTot edaykarbegáIteLIg - Auto Grid nigkareFVIeGayskmμeLIgnUvsMNg; épÞrabbeNþaHGasnñmYy edayEp¥kelIPaBFmμtaénépÞEdlGñk Click elI. begáItnUvRTg;RTayfμI ³ rUbrag rWRTg;RTaymYyGacmanEt Spline EtmYyrW vaGac)anmkBIkarbBa©ÚlKñaén Spline CaeRcIn. eyIgeFVIkarkMNt;GMBIcMnYnrbs; Splines kñúgRTg;RTaymYyedayeRbIR)as;nUv b‘Utug Start New Shape nig Check Box enAelI Object Type Rollout Check box EdlenACab;nwgb‘Utug Sart New Shape kMNt;faetIenAeBlNa EdlRTg;RTayfμImYyRtUvbegáIteLIg. enAeBlEdleyIgebIkBakü Box kmμviFIbegáItnUvRTg;RTaykmμvtßúfμImYyerog ral;eBlEdlGñkbegáIt Spline eLIg. eBlEdleyIgykBakü Box biTvij/ Spline RtUvbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRTg;RTayEt mYyEdlGñkeTIbbegáItfμI ehIyEdlva)at;eTAvij)anrhUtdl;eBlEdlGñk Click elIb‘Utug Start New Shape. b‘Utug Shape Sellection³ GnuBaØatieGayGñkkMNt;Cak;lak;nUvRbePTRTg;RTayEdlRtUvbegáIt. Name and Color Rollout³ GnuBaØatieGayGñkdak;eQμaH vtßúmYy nigkMNt;nUvBN’rbs;va. karRtYtBinitüelIkarerob cMTaMgenHbgðajBIrebobEdl Spline RtUv)anbegáIt. ExSekag Spline RtUv)anEbgEckCabnÞat;tUc²CaeRcIneTot EdlGacCa ExSekagBitR)akdmYy. cMnYnEbgEckrvagkMBUlnimYy²enAelI Spline ehAfa Steps enAeBlEdl Steps eRbIkan;EteRcInenaHExS ekagkan;EtmanlkçN³c,as;eLIg². Steps= Splines Steps GacKWCalkçN³ERbRbYl “Adaptive” ¬EdlGacbegáItedaysV½yRbvtþiedayRKan;EtebIknUv Bakü Adaptive ¦ rWk¾CakarkMNt;edayéd. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 32

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC enAeBlEdlBakü Adaptive biTenaHeyIgRtUveRbIR)as; Steps Field/ Spinner edIm,IkMNt;nUvcMnYncMENkkMBUl nimYy². cenøaHEdlmansuBlPaBKWBI 0 eTA 100 Steps . Splines EdlmanExSekagENnceg¥ót TamTarnUvSteps kan;EteRcIneLIg edIm,IemIleXIjc,as;l¥ kñugxN³EdlExSekagmanlkçN³ekagticRtUvkar Steps tictYcb:ueNÑaH. Optimize³ eBlebIkvaRtUvykecjeGayGs;nUv Steps EdlminRtUvkarBIkMNat;EdlRtg; (Straingnt Segments) enA kñúg Splines. Optimize minGaceRbI)aneT enAeBlEdl Adaptive ebIkEdr. Default= Off Adaptive ³enAeBlEdlbiT eyIgGacebIkelI Control rbs; Manual Interpalation edayeRbIR)as; Optimize nig Steps sMrab; Spline nimYy² edIm,ibegáItecjCaExSekagEdlmanlkçN³rlUnmYy. Straight Segment EtgEtTTYl nUv 0 Steps . enAxageqVg nig Adaptive Spline enAxagsþaMCalT§pltamry³karemIlBIxagsþaM eyIgeXIjeRKag Optimize Spline ragvtßúEdlmanlkçN³CaExSlYsBT½§CuMvij. Rendering Rollout GñkGacebIk rWbiTlT§pl Render eTAelI Spline )ankMNt;kMras; rbs;enAkñúgKMehIysMrab;Render Parameters Gacmanclna)an ]TahrN_³ GñkGaceGaycMnYncMehogmanclna. GñkGacbþÚrPaBbnSúIKñaEdl)anbgðajeGay eTACavtßúbnSúIKñaedayGnuvtþelI Edit Mesh rWk¾bþÚreTACa Editable mesh k¾)an. RbBn½§enHnwgeRbIR)as;elIkarerobcM Viewport sMrab;bnøas;nUvPaBbnSúIKñaRbsinebI Use Viewport Setting RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 33

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RtUv )anRtYtBinitürYcral;ehIy ebImindUcenHeTvanwgeRbIR)as;elIkarerobcM Render vij. lkçN³TaMgenHpþl;nUvkarbt; EbnGtibrmanigEtgEtpþl;nUvbnøas;bþÚrPaBbnSúIKñaEdlbgðajecjenAkñúg Viewports. - Viewport³ ebIkelIBakü Viewport nigerobcMelIkMras; cMehognigmuM. - Render³ ykBakü Render nigerobcMelIkMras; cMehognig muM. - Thickness ¬kMras;¦³ erocMkMras;edIm,IkMNt;Ggát;p©itén Viewports rW Renders Spline (Spinner Value: Float, 0.0 eTA 1>0E30¦ Render eTAelIkMras;rbs; Spline KW 1>0 nig 5>0 eTAtam Spline nimYy². - Sides ¬cMehog¦³ begáItcMnYncMehogsMrab; Spline EdlmanlkçN³bnSúIKñaenAkñúg Viewport rW Render ]TahrN_³ tMélmYykñúgcMeNamtMél4 niwgeGayGñkTTYl)annUvBMnuHkatragkaermYy. - Angle ¬muM¦³ sMrbsMrYleTATItaMgénkarbgVisBMnuHkat;enAkñúg viewport rW renderd . ]TahrN_³ RbsinebIGñkman BMnuHkat;ragkaermYy GñkGaceRbImuMeTATItaMg “Flat” EdlmanlkçN³cuHeRkam. - Renderable ¬lkçN³Gac Renders )an¦³ eBlEdlebIk TMrg;Edlnwg Render eRbI)ancMeBaHEt Parameters Edl )ankMNt;Tuk. Generate Mapping Coords ³ eyIgebIelIcMnucenHedIm,IGnuvtþelI Mapping Coordinates karsMrbsMrYlrag U KWruMBI eRkACuMvijkMras;én Spline. Tiling ³ RtUv)anbMeBjcMeBaHkareRbIR)as; Tiling Parameters kñúgkarbMBak;sMPar³dUcCaerobdækar:UedayxøÜnÉg. - Display Render Mesh ³ lkçN³énkarbgðajBIsPaBbnSúIKñakñúg Render )anbegáIteGaymanedaysar splines. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 34

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Use Viewport Setting ³ bgðajBIPaBbnSúIKñaEdlbegáIteday viewport setting. Creation Method Rollout man Tool CaeRcInrbs; Spline EdleRbIelI Creation Method Rollout. en elIpÞaMgkargarenHGñkeRCIserIs karkMNt;n½yeGay Spline tamry³cMnuckNþalrbs;k¾dUcCa viCÄekaNrbs;va ¬RCugbeBaäóg¦. - Edge ¬RCug¦³ karcucelI Mouse dMbUgKWkarkMNt;n½yrbs;cMnucenAelIcMehog rWenAcMnucRCugénrUbrag ehIyGñkcuc elI Mouse edIm,IGUsykGgát;p©it rWRCugbeBaäóg. - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ karcucelI Mouse elIkdMbUgKW karkMNt;n½yrbs;cMnuckNþalrUbrag ehIyGñkGUsedIm,I eGay)ankaMnigcMnucenAcMRCug. Keyboard Entry Rollout GñkGacbegáIt Splines CaeRcInedayeRbIR)as; Keyboard Entry kñúgdMeNIrkarenHmanlkçN³dUcKñaCaTUeTA cMeBaH Splines TaMgGs;ehIy Parameters TaMgLayKW manenAeRkamBakü Keyboard Entry. Keyboard Entry edImdMbUgmaneRcInRbePTkñúgcMnYnén Parameters ehIyrUbPaBxagelIbgðajnUv Keyboard Entry Rollout FmμtamYy sMrab;begáItragrgVg;mUl. Keyboard Entry Rollout pÞúknUvkargar begáItcMnucdMbUg. karpøas;bþÚrtYelxedIm,Ipøas;bþÚr parameters kñúg karbMeBjeGay)an Spline mYy. vaybBa©ÚltMélelxenAkñúgépÞTMenrnimYy² ehIy Click elIb‘Utug Create edIm,IbegáIt Spline. viFIsa®sþkñúgkarbegþIt bnÞat;manlkçN³xusKñaBIkarbegáIt Spline. GñkeRCIserIsnUv Option edIm,IkarRtYtBnitüelIRbePTénkMBUlrbs;va eBlGñk Click rWGUsTTwg. GñkGacerobcMTukCamun nUvRbePT Default rbs; Spline bBaÄr enAeblEdlbegáItbnÞab; CamYykarerobcMTaMgenH. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 35

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Initial Type Group¬RbePTRkumdMbUg¦ erobcMRbePTéncugkMBUlEdlGñkbegáIt eBlGñk Click TItaMgNamYyrbs;kMBUl - Corner ¬RCugEkg¦³ begáIteGay)ancMnucmYy Spline manlkçN³CaCYrdUcKña nigEpñkénkMBUl. - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ begáIteGay)anCaPaBrelag minmankartMrg;eT KWmanlkçN³CaExSekageq<aHeTAkan; kMBUl. cMnYnrbs;ExSbnÞat;ekagenHerobcMtamry³KMlaténExSbBaÄr. Drag Type Group erobcMRbePTénkMBUlEdlGñknwgbegáIt eBlGñkGUsTItaMgrbs;kMBUl. kMBUlmanTItaMgenARtg;cMnuc cursor eBlEdlGñkcucelI Mouse elIkdMbUgTisedAnig cMgayEdlGñkTajecjmk KWeRbIsMrab;EtkarbegáItelIExSbBaÄr Bezier. - Corner ¬RCugEkg¦³ begáIt)ancMnucmYy Spline manlkçN³CaCYrdUcKña nigEpñkénkMBUl. - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦³ begáIt)anPaBrelag minmankartMrg;eTKW manlkçN³CaExSbnÞat;ekageq<aHeTA kan;kMBUl. - Bezier ³ begáItPaBrelag Gacbt;Ebn)aneTAkan;kMBUl. cMnYnénExSekag nigTisedAénPaBekag KWkMnt; edaykarGUs Mouse eTAkan;EpñkTTwgnimYy². edIm,IbegáItbnÞat;³ 1> Create Panel eRCIserIsBakü Shapes 2> enAelIpÞaMg Object Type Rollout Click elIbU‘tug Line 3> erobcMelIkarEkelxbEnßm 4> Click Mouse rWGUsecjedIm,Icab;epþImcMnuc nigGUscMnucbEnßm 5> erobcMelIkar Render elIkMras; 6> Click elI Render Scene Botton 7> bnÞab;mkGñkGacemIleXIjbnÞat;Edl Render ehIy. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 36

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>2 Rectangle ¬ctuekaNEkg¦ Create panel Shapes Splines Object Type rollout Rectangle Create menu Shapes Rectangle Creation Method Rollout ³ ragctuekaNEkg eRbIR)as;karbegáIttamKMrUrbs; Center rW Edge esÞIrEtTaMgGs;énragEdlman Spline CamUldæan RKwH KWeRbIR)as; Parameters kñúg Creation Method dUcKña. Parameters Rollout: eBlEdlGñkbegáItragctuekaNEkg)anmþgehIyGñkGaceFVIkar bþÚr nUvkareRbIR)as; Parameter TaMgenH)an. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 37

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Length ¬beNþay¦³ sMrab;kMNt;TMhMrbs;ctuekaNEkgtamGkS½ X - Width ¬TTwg¦³ sMrab;kMNt;TMhMrbs;ctuekaNEkgtamry³GkS½ X - Corner Radius ¬muMEkg¦³ sMrab;begáItRCugmanragmUl eBlGñkkMNt;tMélelxeTAsUnü enaHctuekaNEkgnwg manmuM 90 enARCugnimYy². º edIm,IbegáItctuekaNEkg 1> Create Panel eRCIserIsykBakü Shape 2> enAelIpÞaMg Object Type Rollout Click elIb‘Utug Rectangle 3> eRCIserisviFIsa®sþkñúgkarbegáIt 4> GUs Mouse mkkñúg Viewport NamYyedIm,IbegáItctuekaNEkg 5> erobcMelI Parameters rbs;ctuekaNEkg RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 38

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>3 rgVg; (Circle) Create panel Shapes Splines Object Type rollout Circle Create menu Shapes Circle General Rollout Spline EdlpÁúMCa)atTaMgGs;CaTUeTAman Parameters dUcKña Creation Method Rollout ragrgVg;eRbIR)as;karbegáIttamKMrUrbs; Center rW Edge esÞIrEtTaMgGs;énragEdl Spline CamUldæanRKwHKW eRbIR)as; Parameters enAkñúg Creation Method dUcKña. Parameter Rollout eBlEdlGñkbegáItragrgVg;)anmþgehIy GñkGaceFVIkarpøas;bþÚr nUvkareRbIR)as; Parameter TaMgenH)an³ Radius ¬kaM¦³ kMNt;kaMrgVg; edIm,IbegáItrgVg; 1> Create Panel eRCIserIsykBakü Shapes 2> enAelIpÞaMg Object Type Rollout Click elIb‘Utug Circle 3> eRCIserIsviFIsa®sþsMrab;begáIt 4> GUs Mouse enAelI Viewport mYyedIm,IbegáItrgVg; 5> erobcM Parameter rbs;rgVg; RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 39

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>4 eGlIb (Ellipse) Create Panel Shapes Splines Object Type Rollout Ellipse Create Menu Shapes Ellipse Creation Method Rollout rageGlIbeRbIR)as;karegáIttamKMrUrbs; Center rW Edge esIÞrEtTaMgGs;énragEdlman Spline CamUldæanRKwH KWeRbIR)as; Parameter enAkñúg Creation Method dUcKña. Parameters Rollout ³ eBlEdlbegáItrageGlIb)anmþgehIy GñkGaceFVIkarpøas;bþÚrnUvkareRbIR)as; Parameter TaMgenH. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 40

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Length ¬beNþay¦³ sMrab;kMNt;TMhMrbs;eGlIbtamGkS½ Y Width ¬TTwg¦³ kMNt;TMhMrbs;eGlIbtamGkS½ X edIm,IbegáIt Ellipse³ 1> Create Panel ehIyeRCIserIsBakü Shapes 2> enAelIpÞaM Object Type Rollout Click elIb‘UtUg Ellipse 3> eRCIserIsviFIsa®sþkñúgkarbegáIt 4> GUs Mouse eTAkñúg Viewport edIm,IbegáIteGlIb 5> erobcMelI Parameters rbs;eGlIb RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 41

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>5 Arc ¬GkS½¦ Create panel Shapes Splines Object Type rollout Arc Create menu Shapes Arc Creation Method rollout karbgðajenH bgðajBIlMdab;edayénkar Click elI Mouse Edl Cab;Bak;Bn½§nigkarbegáItGkS½. - End-End Middle³ cucelI Mouse rYcGUsecj ehIyRBElgvijedIm,IkMNt;cugTaMgBIrrbs;GkS½ nig Click edIm,I kMNt;cMnucTI3EdlenAcenøaHcMnucFugTaMgBIr. - Center –End-End ³cucelI Mouse edIm,IkMNt;TItaMgrbs;cMnuckNþalrbs;GkS½ GUsecjehIyRBElgvijedIm,I kMNt;cMnuccugrbs;GkS½ nigcucmþgeTotedIm,IkMNt;ykcMnucmçageTot. begáItGkS½mYyedayeRbI viFIsa®sþ End-End- Middle begáItGkS½mYyedayeRbIviFIsa®sþ Center-End-End Parameters Rollout eBlEdlbegáIt)anGkS½mþgehIy GñkGaceFVIkarpøas;bþÚrnUvkareRbIR)as; Parameter xageRkam³ - Radius ³kMNt;kaMénGkS½ - From ¬cab;BI¦³ kMNt;TItaMgéncMnuccab;epþImedaykar vas;muMcab;BIcMnYnviC¢maneTAtamGkS½ X RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 42

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - To ¬eTAkan;¦³ kMNt;TItaMgéncMnucbBa©b;edaykarvas; muMcab;BIcMnYnviC¢manenAelIGkS½ X . Pie Slice³ eBleyIgebIkelI Pre Slice KWCakarbegáIt Spline d¾CitmYyEdlmanragdUcCa Pie. cMnuccab;epþIm nig bBa©b;P¢ab;eTAnwgcMnuckNþaledaykMNat;Rtg;². edIm,IbegáItGkS½ 1> Create Panel erIsykBakü Shapes 2> enAelIpÞaMg Object Type Rollout click elIb‘Utug Arc 3> eRCIserIsviFIsa®sþsMrab;begáIt 4> GUs Mouse eTAkñúg Viewport edIm,IbegáItGkS½ 5> erobcMelI Parameters rbs;GkS½ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 43

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>6 Donuts ¬dUNat;¦ Create panel Shapes Splines Object Type rollout Donut Create menu Shapes Donut Create Method rollout ragerArbs; Donut eRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþénkarbegáIttamKMrUrbs; Center rW Edge esÞIrEtTaMgGs;énragEdl man Splines CamUldæanRKwH KWeRbIR)as; Parameter enAkñúg Creation Method dUcKña. Parameters Rollout eBlEdlGñkbegáItrag Donut )anmþgehIy GñkGacpøas;bþÚrkareRbIR)as; Parameter xageRkamenH)an ³ - Radius 1¬kaMTI1¦³ erobcMkaMsMrab;rgVg;TImYy - Radius 2¬kaMTI2¦³ erocMkaMsMrab;rgVg;TIBIr edIm,IbegIát Donut 1> Create Panel erIsykBakü Shares 2> enAelI Object Type Rollout, Click elIb‘Utug Donut 3> eRCIserIsviFIsa®sþkñúgkarbegáIt 4> GUs Mouse enAkñúg Viewport edIm,IbegáItGkS½ 5> erobcMelI Parameters rbs;GkS½ 6> cUlkñúg Modify panel erIsykBakü Extrude 7> erobcMcMnYnsMrab; Exturde 8> bnÞab;mkGñknwgeXIjTIbmYyenAkñúg Viewport RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 44

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 9> Click elIb‘Utug Bend 10> erobcMelIcMnYnsMrab; Bend 11> bnÞab;mkeyIgnwgeXIjragmanlkçN³dUcCaEkgéd RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 45

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>7 Ngon Create panel Shapes Splines Object Type rollout NGon Create menu Shapes Ngon Creation Method rollout karbegáItrag Ngon eRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþtamKMrUkarbegáIt Center rW Edge esÞIrEtTaMgGs;énragEdlman Splines CamUldæanRKwH KWeRbIR)as;nUv Parameters enAkñúg Creation Method dUcKña. Parameters Rollout eBlEdlGñkbegáItrag Ngon )anmþgehIy GñkGaceFVIkarpøas; bþÚrkareRbIR)as; Parameters xageRkam³ - Radius ³ kMNt;kaMrbs; Ngon RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 46

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Inscribed ¬cMNar¦³ kaMRtUv)anvas;BIcMnuckNþaleTAcMnuc RCugrbs; Ngon - Circumscribed Radius ¬karvilduMénkaM¦³ kaMRtUv)anvas;BIcMnuckNþaleTAkan;cMehogrbs; Ngon KWcab;BI 3 eTA 100. - Corner Radius ¬kaMenAcMnucRCug¦ ³ kMNt;muMenACuMvij nig apply eTAkan;RCugEkgrbs; Ngon. karbegáItmuM 0 KWCa KMrUmYysMrab;kMNt;RCugmanragmUl. - Cicular ¬cracr¦³ eBlEdlebIk kMNt;clnakñúgkareFVIcracrrbs; Ngon edIm,IbegáIt Ngon ³ 1> Creation Panel erIsykBakü Shapes 2> enAelIpÞaMg Objective type rollout Click elIb‘Utug Ngon 3> eRCIserIsviFIFIsa®sþsMrab;begáIt 4> GUs Mouse enAkñúg Viewport edIm,IbegáIt Ngon 5> erobcM Parameter rbs; Ngon RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 47

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>8 Star ¬páay¦ Create panel Shapes Splines Object Type rollout Star Create menu Shapes Star Parameters rollout eBlEdlGñkbegáIt)anragpáaymþgehIy GñkGaceFVIkarpøas;bþÚreRbIR)as; Parameters xageRkam)an³ - Radius1 ¬kaMTImYy¦³ kMNt;rbs;ExSbBaÄrkñúg ¬RClg¦énpáay. - Radius 2¬kaMTIBIr¦³ kMNt;kaMrbs;ExSbBaÄreRkA ¬cMnucRsYc¦énpáay. - Points ¬cMnuc¦³ kMNt;cMnYnéncMnucenAelIpáay CYrEdlGacykCakar)ancab;BI 3 100. páaymanExSbBaÄreRcInCag 2dgcMnYncMnucEdl)ankMNt;. Bak;kNþalénExSbBaÄrKWenAelIkaMmYytamtamTMrg; cMnuc nigExSbBaÄrEdlenAsl;KW enAelIkaMd¾éTeTottamTMrg;RClg. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 48

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Distortion ¬kareFVIeGayxusPaBedIm¦³ karbgVilExSbBaÄrxageRkAcMnuc. RbEhlnigcMnuckNþalrbs; páay ktþaenHeFVIeGaymanplb:HBal;edaykarkøayCaragdUceFμjrNa. Fillet Radius1 ¬kaMbMeBjkaMTI1¦³ enACuMvijExS bBaÄrxagkñúg ¬RClg¦rbs;páay. Fillet Radius 2¬bMeBjkaMTI2¦³ enACuMvijExSbBaÄrxageRkA ¬cMnuc¦ rbs;páay. edIm,IbegáItpáay³ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 49

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm,IbegáItpáay 1> Create Panel erIsykBakü Shapes 2> enAelIpÞaMg Object type Rollout, Click elIb‘Utug Ngon 3> eRCIserIsviFIsa®sþkñúgkarbegáIt 4> GUs Mouse eTAkñúg Viewport mYyedIm,IbegáIt Ngon 5> erobcMelI Parameters rbs; Ngon 3>9 Text ¬GtßbT¦ Create panel Shapes Splines Objcet Type Rollout Text Create Menu Shapes Text Parameters Rollout eBlGñkbegáItGtßbT)anmþgehIy GñkGaceFVIeGaykarpøas;bþÚreRbIR)as; Parameters TaMgenH)an³ - Font List ³ eRCIserIsecjBItarag Font TaMgLayEdl GaceRbIkar)anKW rYmman Font Edl)anbBa©Úlkñúg Windows ehIy. vayGkSrmYyBaküén font kñúg Configure Path Dialog. - Halic Style Button ¬m:UdbBaäit¦³ erobcMeGayGtßbT bBaäit)ans¥atl¥. - Underline Style Button ¬KUsbnÞat;BIeRkam¦³ sMrab; KUrbnÞat;BIeRkamGtßbT. - Align Left ¬tMrg;xageqVg¦³ tMrg;GtßbTeGayeTAeqVgénRbGb;sMrab;sresr. - Center ¬kNþal¦³ tMrwmGtßbTeGayenAcMkNþalRbGb;sresr - Align Right ¬tMrg;xagsþaM¦³ sMrab;tMrg;GtßbTeGayeTAxagsþaMénRbGb;sMrab;sresr. - Justify ¬RtwmesμIKñasgxag¦³ épÞenAsgxagRKb;CYrénGtßbTRtUvsn§wgeGayeBjRbGb;sresr. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 50

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Note ³ cMeBaHkartMrg;GtßbTTaMg4 RbePTxagelIenH RtUvkareGaymanCYrsMeNrenAGtßbTeRcIn BieRBaHvabgðaj enAelIGtßbTEdlmanTMnak;TMngKñakñúgRbGb;. RbsinebIGtßbTmanGkSrEtmYyCYr enaHvanwgmanTMhMEtmYyenAkñúg RbGb;sesr ehIyminmankEnøgsMrab;eTA)aneT. - Size ¬TMhM¦³ erocMelIkMBs;GtßbT EdlviFIsa®sþkñúgkarvas;kMBs;GtßbTenHKW )anbgðajedayclnaénBum<GkSr. enAeBldMbUgEdlGñkvayGtßbT TMhMEdlCa Default rbs;vaman 100 units. - Kerning ³ RtUvdak; Kerning eGay)anRtwmRtUv ¬cMgayrvagGkSrmYyeTAmYyeTot¦ - Leading ¬naMmux¦³ erobcMelI Leading ¬cMgayrvagCYrnimYy²¦ vamanRbsiT§PaBenAeBlNaEdlmanCYrGkSr eRcInénGtßbTrYmbBa©ÚlkñúgTMrg;mYyRsab;. - Text Edit box ³ GnuBaØati)ansMrab;GtßbTEdlmanCYreRcIn. cuc Enter bnÞab;BICYrnimYy² énGtßbTedIm,Icab;epþIm CYrbnÞab;. lkçN³dMbUgén Defaults KW “Max Text” . RbGb;sMrab;vayGtßbTmin)anTTYlsÁal;CamYynwgcegáam BaküeT. GñkGackat;Bakü nigbiT (Paste) vijEtmYyCYr rWeRcInCYr tamry³ Clipboard. Update Group krNIenHGaceGayGñkeFVIkareRCIserIskareFVIeGayTan;sm½yEdlbegáItsMrab;sßankarN_EdlmanlkçN³sμúKsμaj énTMrg;rbs;GtßbTEdlFMeFgsMrab;kareFVIeGaykan;EtTMenIbedayPaBGUtUm:aTic. Update kareFVIeGayGtßbTmanlkçN³TMenIbenAkñúg viewport edIm,IpÁúMeGaysuIKñacMeBaHkarerobcMPøam²enAkñúg Text Display Window . b‘UtugenHeRbI)anEtenAeBlEdl Manual Update kMBugebIk. Manual Update eBlEdlebIk GtßbTEdlGñkvayGtßbT Text display window minbgðajenAkñúg Viewport eT rhUtTal;EtGñk Click elIb‘Utug Update. edIm,IbegáItGtßbT³ 1> Create panel erIsykBakü shapes 2> enAelIpÞaMg Object Type Rollout Click elIb‘Utug Text 3> Enter GtßbTEdlGñkcg;)ankñúg Text Window 4> Click elI Viewport NamYyedIm,IbegáIt Caracter 5> erobcMelI Parameters rbs;GtßbT RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 51

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>10 Herix Create Panel Shapes Splines Objcet Type Rollout Helix Create menu Shapes Helix Parameters Rollout eBlEdlGñkbegáIt Herix )anmþgehIy GñkGaceFVIkar pøas;bþÚr Parameter TaMgenH)an. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 52

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Radius 1³ kMNt;kMBs;rbs; Herix - Radius 2³ kMNt;kaMedIm,IbBa©b; Herix - Height ³kMNt;kMBs;rbs; Herix - Turn ¬karbEgVr¦³ kMNt;cMnYnénkarbEgVr Herix Edlcab;epþImrvagcMnuccab;epþIm nigcMnucbBa©b;. - Bias ³ KWCasMNagbEgVredIm,IeGayekIneLIgnUvcMnucmYyrbs; Herix Bias min)anbgðajkaremIleXIjnUv RbsiT§PaBGVIeTEdlkMBs;mantMél 0>0. edIm,IbegáIt Herix 1> Create panel erIsBakü shapes 2> enAelIpÞaMg Object Type Rollout Click elIb‘Utug Herix 3> Click elI Renderarable nigerobcMelIkMras; 4> Click elIviFIsa®sþsMrab;begáIt 5> GUs Mouse cUlkñúg Viewport edIm,IbegáI Herix 6> erobcMelI Parameters rbs; Herix 7> Click elIpÞaMg Render Scence Toolbar EdlenAelI Toolbar 8> GñknwgeXIjkar Render elI Herix CamYynwgkMras;rbs;va RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 53

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3>11 BMnuH (Selection) Creation Panel Shapes Spines Object Type Rollout Section Create Menu Shapes Section Section Parameters Rollout - Create Shape ¬karbegáItTMrg;¦³ karbegáItTMrg;mYy EpñkelIkarbgðajfμI²nUvkarRbsBVrbs;bnÞat;. Dialog mYy)anbgðajBIGVIEdlGñkGaceGayeQμaHvtßúfμI)an. lT§plénTMrg; KW Spline EdlGacEkERb)anCakMNat;én bnÞat;eday nigRCugbBaÄr Ep¥kelIkarRbsBVénPaBbnSúI KñaenAelIpÞaMgEtmYy. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 54

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Update Group: pþl;muxgarsMrab;kMNt;eGayc,as; eBlEdlkarRbsBV énbnÞat;kan;EtmanlkçN³ Update. - When Section Moves ¬eBlBMnuHmanclna¦³ eFVIeGaykarRbsBVénbnÞat; kan;EtmanlkçN³RbesIreBlGñk eFVIclna rWkMNt;TMhMmþgeTotelIragBMnuHkat;. - When Section Selected ¬eBlBMnuHCab; Select¦³ eFVIeGaykarRbsBVénbnÞat;kan;EtmanlkçN³RbesIreBl EdlBMnuHCab; Select b:uEnþminEmnkñúgeBlEdlGñkeFVIclnavaenaHeT. Click elIb‘Utug Update Section edIm,IeGay karRbsBVénBMnuHkan;Etl¥eLIg. - Manually³eFVIeGaykarRbsBVénbnÞat;manlkçN³ kan;EtTMenIbeBlEdlGñk Click elI Update Section b‘Utug. - Update Section ³ eFVIeGaykarRbsBVénmuxkan;EtTMenIbedIm,IeGaysuIKña eTAnwgkEnøgfμIrbs;vtßúEdl)an Select eBlEdleyIgkMBugeRbIelI When Section Selected rW Manually . - Note ³ eBlEdlkMBugeRbIelI When Section Selected rW Manually Gñkgac Offset edaybegáIteGaymanBMnuH kat;TTwgBITItaMgén geometry rbs;karRbsBV. dUcEdlGñkeFVIeGayvtßúBMnuHmanclna ehIyExSBMnuHkatTTwgBN’ elOg k¾manclnaCamYyEdr edayTukecalnUv Geometry enABIeRkay. eBlGñk Click elI Create Shape enaH TMrg;fμInwgbgðajeLIgtamExSBMnuHkat;TTwg enAelITItaMgsMrab; Offset. Section Extends group eRCIserIsykmYykñúgcMeNamkrNIxagelIenH edIm,IkMNt;cMgayénBMnuHkat;TTwgEdlbegáItedaykarBuHvtßú. - Infinite ¬Gnnþ¦³ bøg;BMnuHKW GnnþenARKb;TisedATaMgGs; CalT§plenAkñúgBMnuHkat;TTwg man Geometry Nak¾bnSúIcUlKñaEdrenAkñúgépÞrabrbs;va. - Section Boundary ¬RBMEdnénBMnuH¦³ BMnuHkat;TTwgbegIteLig)anEtCamYyvtßúNaEdlenAxagkñúg rWb:H Bal;edayRBMEdnénkarBuH. - Color Swatch ³ Click elIenHedIm,IerobcMkarbgðajBIBN’énkarRbsBVKña. Section Size Rollout pþl;nUv Spinners EdleGayGñksMrYlelIbeNþay nigTTwgEdlbgðaj tamBuHragctuekaNEkg. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 55

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Length/ Width ³ sMrYlbeNþay nigTTwgrbs;karbgðajBMnuHragctuekaNEkg. edIm,IbegáItBMnuH 1> begáItCa Max Text enAelI Viewport NamYy 2> Create panel erIsBakü Shapes ehIy Click elI Section 3> GUs Mouse CaragctuekaNEkgenAkñúg Viewport NamYyEdlGñkcg;bgðajpøÚvelIépÞrab. 4> rMkil rW bgVilBMnuH dUcenHnwgeXIj vtßúEdlmanPaBbnSúIKña enAelIépÞrabrbs;va enAkñúgpÞaMg Scence 5> bnÞat;elOgbgðajeLIgenAkEnøgEdlCaTIRbsBVénépÞrab 6> Click elI Create Shape 7> vaybBa©ÚleQμaHeTAkñúg Dialog CalT§pl ehIy Click OK RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 56

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC CMBUk 2 Commands edIm,IEkERbrUbsMNak 1. Modify RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 57

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1>1 Bend ¬karBt;¦ Modify Panel Make a selection Modify List Parametric Modifiers Bend Make a selection Modifiers Menu Parametric Deformers Bend Modifier Stack - Gizmo sub-object³ GñkGaceFVIeGay Gizmo ERbRbYl nig manclnadUcvtßúd¾éTeTotenAkñúgkMrit sub-subject plb:HBal; énkarbMEpøgBIkarpøas;bþÚr Bend. karERbesckþIelI Gizmo eday ERbcMnuckNþalxøÜnÉgeTAcMgayesμIrYmmYy. ral;karbgVil nigkMNt;maRtdæanelI Gizmo RtUveKarBelIcMnuckNþalrbs;va. - Center sub-object ³GñkGaceFVIkarERbesckþI nigmanclnaelIcMnuckNþalenAkMril Center sub object ehIy bMEpøgeTACaragdUc Gizmo ehIydUcKñanigvtßúEdl)anBt;ehIy. Parameters Rollout Bend Group - Angle ¬muM¦³ erobcMedIm,IBt;cab;BIépÞrabbBaÄr Range = -999,990.0 eTA + 999,999.0 - Direction ¬TisedA¦³ erobcMTisedAelITMnak;TMngelIkatBt; eTAépÞrabepþk. Range = -999,990.0 eTA + 999,999.0 Bend Axis Group: X/Y/Z ³kMNt;GkS½edIm,IBt; RtUvsMKal;fa GkS½enHsßitena Bend Gizmo nigminTak;TgeTAnwgGVIEdl)an Select eT Default= Z Limit Group - Limit Effect ³ karGnuvtþn_elIkMritRBMEdnedIm,IeGaymanRbsiT§PaBelIkarBt;. Default= Off RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 58

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Upper Limit ³ erobcMRBMRbTl;xagelIenAkñúg World Uniits cab;BIcMnuckNþalénkarBt; EdlkarBt;enHminman RbsiT§iPaBelI Geometry eT. Default = O, Range =0 eTA 999,999.0 - Lower Limit³ erobcMRBMRbTl;xageRkamenAkñúg World Units cab;BIcMnuckNþalénkarBt; karBt;enHminman RbsiT§PaBeTAelI Geometry eT. Default = 0, Range= 999,999.0 eTA 0 edIm,IbegáItragEkgédCamYy Command Bend 1> begáItTIbenAkñúg viewport NamYy ehIy select elIvtßúnwg click elI modifiers rollout 2> Click elIb‘Utug Bend 3> kMNt;muMedIm,IBt;tamGkS½Edl)anerIsehIy 4> enAelIpÞaMg parameters rollout edIm,IGkS½énkarBt;eTA X,Y rW Z enHKWCaGkS½rbs; Bend Gizmo min EmnCaGkS½rbs; Bend Gizmo minEmnCaGkS½rbs;vtßúEdl Select eT 5> ebIkelIBakü Limit Effect enAkñúg Limit Group nigerogcMelI Upper Limit 6> rMkil Gizmo eTAxagsþaM 7> bnÞab;mkGñknwg eXIjragEkgéd RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 59

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1>2 Taper Modify Panel Make a selection Modifier List Parametric Modifiers Taper Make a selection Modifiers Menu Parametric Deformers Taper karpøas;bþÚrelI Taper pþl;eGaykarv½NÐCuMvijEdlmanlkçN³kan;EttUceTA² edaykarbnßycugTaMgBIrén Geometryrbs;vtßú cugmçagKWbEnßm nig cugmçageTot KWbnßy. GñkGacRtYtBinitücMnYn nigExSekagén Taper elIkar erobcMGkS½BIr Gñkk¾GackMNt;RBMEdnén Taper eTACaBMnuHén Geometry. Modifier Stack - Gizmo ³ enAelIkMrit sub-object enH GñkGacEkERbTTWg nigeFVIeGay Gizmo manclnadUcCavtßúd¾éTeTotEdr. plb:H RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 60

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Bal;énkarkMEbøgelIkarpøas;bþÚr Taper .karERbesckþIelI Gizmo edayERbcMnuckNþaledayxøÜnÉgeTAcMgayesμI KñamYy. ral;karbgVil nigkMNt;maRtdæan elI Gizmo RtUveKarBelIcMnuckNþalrbs;va. - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ enAelIkMrit sub-object GñkGacEkERbcMnuckNþal nigeFVIeGayvamanclna kar bMElgrag Taper Gizmo naMeGayvtßúenaHmanragkan;EtRsYceTA. Parameter Rollout karpøas;bþÚrelI Taper pþl;eGaykarerobcMenAelIGkS½TaMgBIr nigkarerob cMeGaymanlkçN³suIemRTIenAkñúgRbGb; Taper Axis elI Parameter Rollout CamYynwgkarpøas;bþÚrd¾éTeTot GkS½TaMgenhmanTMenareTArk Gizmo én Taper minEmneTArkxøÜnvaenaHeT. Taper Group - Amount ¬cMnYn¦³ cMgayeTAkan;cMnucnimYy²Edl)ankMNt;maRtdæanehIy tMélcMnYnTaMgenHmanTMnak; TMngCamYynwg tMélGtibrmaKW 10. - Curve ¬PaBekag¦³ GnuvtþkMeNageTAkan;cMehogén Taper gizmo, dUecñHplb:HBal;EdlmanelIRTg; RTayrbs;vaKWkan;EtRsYceLIg². tMélviC¢manbegáIteGay)anEpñkekagxageRkAcMehogEdlmanlkçNkan;EtRsYc tMélviC¢manbegáIteGay)anExSekagEpñkxagkñúg. enAtMél 0 cMehogTaMgLayminmankarERbRbYleT. Default = 0 Taper Axis Group - Primary: GkS½kNþalrWq¥wgxñgrbs; Taper: X, Y rW Z Default = Z. - Effect: GkS½mYyrW GkS½mYyKUrcg¥úlbgðajBITisedArbs; Taper cab;BIGkS½dMbUgeTA. CMerIsCaeRcInEdl Gacrk)an KWkarkMNt;edayCMerIsmYyénGkS½dMbUg. RbsiT§iPaBelIGkS½mYyGacmanlkçN³dUcKñanig GkS½BIreTot EdlenAsl; rWkarbBa©ÚlKñarbs;GkS½TaMgBIrenaH. RbsinebIGkS½dMbUgKWCaGkS½ X enaHRbsiT§iPaBelIGkS½GacCa Y, Z rW YZ . Default = XY RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 61

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Symemetry ¬suIemRTI¦³ begáItCa Taper manlkçN³suIemRTICuMvijGkS½dMbUg. Taper mYyKWEtgEtmanlkçN³suIemRTICuMvijGkS½NaEdlmanRbsiT§iPaB. Default = Off GkS½dMbUg GkS½TTYlT§iBl Limit Group kar Offset elI Taper KWGnuvtþcenøaHRBMEdnEdlkan;EtTab nig RBMEdnEdlkan;Etx<s;. Geometry Edl enACuMvij/ kñúgxN³EdlminmanT§iBleday Taper xøÜnÉgpÞal; va)aneFVIclnaedIm,IrkSavtßúeGayenAdEdl. - Limit Effect ¬RbsiT§iPaBénRBMEdn¦³ GaceFVIeGayRBMEdnkan;EtTab nigkanEtx<s;)ansMrab;RbsiT§iPaB eTAelI Taper. - Upper Limit ¬RBMEdnkan;Etx<s;¦³ kMNt;elIRBMEdnEdlmanlkçN³kan;x<s;enAkñúg World Unit cab;BI cMnuckNþalén Taper eTA. xageRkayKWCa Taper EdlminmanRbsiT§iPaBelI Geometry eToteLIy. - Lower Limit ¬RBMEdnkan;EtTab¦³ kMNt;elIRBMEdnEdlkan;EtTabenAkñúg World Unit cab;BIcMnuc kNþalén Taper eTAxageRkayKWCa Taper EdlminmanRbsiT§iPaBelI Geometry eToteLIy. RbsiT§iPaBelIkarrMkilcMnuckNþalCamYynwgkarerobcMelIRBMEdn edIm,IbegáItKMrbmanCMralCamYynwg Taper 1-5 begáItTIbenAkñúg Viewport NamYy 6-7 Click elIb‘Utug Bend EdlenAkñúg Modifier Rollout 8 kMNt;cMnYnén TaperegáItTIbenAkñúg Taper nigtMNag 9 erobcMelIGkS½rbs; Taper RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 62

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 10 bnÞab;mkGñknwgeXIjvtßúmYymanragdUcCaekan 11> Click elIb‘tug U V W Map enAkñúg Modifier rollout 12> Select RbePTénRbGb;enAkñúg Mapping Rollout 13> Click elIb‘Utug Fit EdlenAkñúg Aligment 14> Select elI Material /Mapp Browser enAkñúg Toolbar RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 63

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 15> Click elIrn§KMrUTImYykñúgcMeNamcenøaHrn§tUcEdlCaKMrU 16> Click elIb‘Utug Assign Material edIm,IkMNt;sMPar³eTAelIvtßú 17> Click elIb‘Utug Diffuse color map enAkñúg maps rollout 18> Select elI checker map EdlenAkñúg Material /Map browser 19> Click OK 20> erobcMelIkardak;kar:UelIEpnTI ( U=5, V=5 ) 21> LÚvrn§KMrUtUc² TImYyrbs;GñkkøayCaragRklacRtgÁ 22> Click elI Show map enAkñúg viewport edIm,IeXIjRklacRtgÁkñúg Viewport 23> ekanrbs;Gñkpøas;bþÚrrYcehIy 24> pøas;bþÚrRbePTrYcehIy 25> Click Rende Last enAkñúg Toolbar 26> KMrbmanCMral nigbgðajtam Render eLIg RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 64

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1>3> Twist ¬karmYs¦ * Modifier Panel eFVIkar Select elIenaH Modifier list Parametric Modifier Twist * Make a selection Modifier Menu Parametric Defarmers Twist Twist Modifier begIáteGay)anCakarrmYlmYy ¬dUcCakarBUtRkNat;TTwk¦ enAkñúg Geometry rbs;vtßúmYy. GñkGacRtYtBnitümuMénkarrmYlelIGkS½NamYy)ankñúgGkS½TaMgbI ehIyerobcMelIPaBlMeGogeTAmçagEdl sgát;elI T§iBlénkarrmYl ehIymanTMnak;TMngeTAcMnucsñÚl. Gñkk¾GackMNt;RBMEdnPaBrmYleTABMnuHmYyén Geometry. Note: eBlEdlGnuvtelI Twist Modifier enaHcMnuckNþalrbs; Twist gizmo KWsßitenARtg;cMnucsñÚlénvtßú ehIyExSbnÞat;én Gizmo k¾eLIgtamGkS½rbs;vtßú. mU:EdledIm mU:Edllμm mUEdlxøaMg Modifier Stack GñkGaceFVIeGay Gizmo manclnanig ERbRbYldUcvtßú - Gizmo: d¾éTeTotenAkñúgkMrit sub-object level, plb:HBal;énkarbMEpøg BIpøas;bþÚr Twist. karERbesckþIelI Gizmo edaybkERbcMnuc kNþaledayxøÜnÉgeTAcMgayesμIKñamYy. ral;karbgVilnigkar kMNt;maRtdæanelI Gizmo RtUveKarBelIcMnuckNþalrbs;va. - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦³ GñkGacERbesckþInig eFVIeGaycMnuckNþalmanclnaenAkñúgkMrit sub-object level Edl bMEpøgelIrag twist gizmo ehIydUcKanigTMrg;énvtßúEdl)anBt;rYc. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 65

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Twist Parameter Rollout Twist group - Angle ¬muM¦³ kMNt;cMnYnénkarrmYlCuMvijGkS½bBaÄr Default = 0.0 - Bias ¬PaBlMeGogeTAmçag¦³ buBVehtuénkarbgVilehIyrmYl edIm,IcgCa)ac;rvagcMnuccugTaMgBIrrbs;vtßú. eBlEdl Parameters mantMélGviC¢man enaHvtßúEdlrmYlmanlkçN³ xit CitcMnuckNþalrbs; Gizmo . eBlEdlmantMélviC¢manvtßú. EdlrmYlmanlkçN³kan;Etq¶ayBIcMnuckNþalrbs; Gizmo. eBlEdl Parameters mantMél 0 karrmYlmanlkçN³dUcedIm minmanpøas;bþÚrGVIeLIy. Range: 100 eTA -100 . Default = 0.0 Twist Axis Group - X/Y/Z: kMNt;tambeNþayGkS½NamYyEdlmankarrmYlnwgekIneLIgelIenaH. enHKWCaGkS½edImrbs; Twist gizmo . Default = Z Limit Group karGnuvtþRbsiT§iPaBénkarrmYl)anEtenAelIEpñkbBaÄr Edlsn§wgenAcenøaHRBMEdnTab nigx<s;. Spinner BIrEdlbgðajBIcgaytambeNþayGkS½ Z rbs; Gizmo( Z=0 KWenAcMnuckNþalrbs; Gizmo) eBlvatamtMélesμI Kña KWvamanlkçN³dUcnwgkarminmanlT§PaBeRbIelIRbsiT§iPaBénkarrmYl. - Limit Effect ¬RbsiTi§PaBénRBMEdn¦³ GnuvtþelIRBMEdnEdlkMhiteTAkan; Twist Modifier. - Upper Limit¬RBMEdnkan;Etx<s;¦³ kMNt;RBMEdnEdlmanlkçN³kan;Etx<s;sMrab;RbsiT§iPaBénkarrmYl. Default = 0 -Lower Limit ¬RBMEdnkan;EtTab¦³ kMNt;RBMEdnEdlmanlkçN³kan;EtTabsMrab;RbsiT§iPaBénkarmYl. Default = 0 edIm,ImYlvtßúmYy³ 1> Select elIvtßúmYyehIy Apply Twist 2> enAelI Parameters rollout, kMNt;GkS½rbs; Twist eTA X, Y rW Z vamanTMenareTArkGkS½én Twist gizmo minEmnGkS½rbs;vtßúEdl)an SelectenaHeT. 3> kMNt;muMénkarrmYl RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 66

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 4> kMNt;elI Bias énkarrmYl * Modify Panel Make a Select Modifier list Parametric Modifier Noise * Make a selection Modifier Menu Parametric Deformers Noise Noise Modifier eFVIeGaybþÚrTItaMgrbs;ExSbBaÄrénvtßúmYy tambeNþayGkS½EdlbBa©ÚlKñaTaMgbI. ]bkrN_ sMxan;sMrab;eFVIeGaymanclna KWeFVIeGaydUcniglkçN³RBal² epSg² BIKñaenAkñúgragrbs;vtßúmYy. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 67

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC kareRbIR)as;elIkarerobcMcMerokmYy GñkGacsMercelIPaBeFVIeGayRBal)an/ eFVIeGaymanrlkelIRkla dUcCaTg;CatiRtUvxül;bk;. CamYynig karerobcMelIcMerokGñkk¾GacbegáIt)anCalkçN³PUmisa®sþdUcCaPñMcab;BIépÞ rabén GeometryeTA. épÞrabEdlminmandak;sMelg bEnßm Texture eTAépÞrabbegáItCasmuRTmanlkçN³s¶b;mYy Modifier Stack - Gizmo/ Center: GñkGacrMkil/ bgVil/ rWkMNt;maRtdæanrbs; Gizmo nigcMnuckMNþal sub-object edIm,IeGaymanRbsiT§iPaB elIsMelgGñkk¾GaceFVIeGay sub-object køayCamanclna )anEdr. Parameter Group Noise Group RtYtBnitüelIGakar³xageRkAénsMelg dUecñHT§iBlrbs;vaenAelIkarxUcRTg;RTayrUbsa®sþénvtßúenaH. tamry³ Default karRtYtBinitümanlkçN³enARTwgrhUtTal;EtGñkpøas;bþÚrelIkarerobcM. - Seed ¬BUC¦³ begáItcMnuccab;epþImén Random mYycabBItMélelxEdlGñk)ankMNt;. CaBiessman GtßRbeyaCn_elIkarbegáItépÞrab (Terrain) BIeRBaHkarkMNt;nimYy²GacbegáItCarUbsNæanxus² Kña. - Scale ¬maRtdæan¦ ³ kMNt;TMhMénT§iBlrbs;sMelg ¬minEmnkMlaMgeT¦ TMhMkan;EtFMbegIteGay)an CasMelgkan;EtRsTan; tMélkan;EtTabeFVIeGaysMelgkan;EtmanlkçN³reqkrqUc. Dafault = Off RbsinebIGñkcg;ebIBakü Fractal GñkGaceFVIkareRCIserIsxageRkamenH. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 68

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Roughness ¬PaKKRKat¦³ kMNt;RbEvgépÞbBaÄrrbs;bMENk. Range=0 eTA 1>0. Default = 0 Iteration ¬mþgehIymþgeTot¦³ RtYtBnitüelIcMnYnénPaBsar eLIgvij ¬rWépÞenAcenøaHGkSrmYyeTAmYyEdldUcKña¦ eRbI tamry³muxgarénbMENk. karsaredImeLIgvijkan;Ettic naM eGayeRbIR)as;famBlrbs;bMENkk¾ticEdr ehIybegáIteGay )anCab;plb:HBal;manlkçN³kan;Etrelag. PaBsareLIgedIm mþg1>0 KWmanlkçN³dUcKña nigkarbiTBakü Fractal. Range = 1.0 eTA 10.0 Default =6.0 Strength Group RtYtBnitüelITMhMénRbsiT§iPaBrbs;sMelg. KμanRbsiT§PaBén sMelgekIneLIgrhUtTal;EtmankMlaMgmYycMnYnRtUv)andak; eGayGnuvtþ. X,Y,Z ³kMNt;kMlaMgrbs;RbsiT§iPaBénsMelgtambeNþayGkS½nimYy²kñúgcMeNaymGkS½TaMgbI. vaybBa©ÚltMél énGkS½mYyy:agticbMputedIm,IbegáIt)ansMelgmYy. Dafault = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 Animation group RtYtBinitüelITMrg;énT§iBl sMelgtamry³kardak;BIelInUvsésrlkmYyedIm,IeFVItamRklaénsMelg. ktþaTaMgenHrkSasMelgeGayenAkñúgRBMEdn/ nigbenSIm Random xøaMgbMput. eBlEdlebIelIBakü Animate Noise, Parameters TaMgenHmanT§iBlelIsMelgTaMgmUleTaHCay:agNak¾edayGñkGaceFVIeGaysMelgmanclna nig Strength Parameters dMeNIrkareTAedayÉkraCü. ktþaTaMgenHmintMrUveGay Animate Noise ebIkenAkñúg xN³EdreyIgkMBugeGayvamnclnarW RtLb;eRkayvijeT ¬Playback¦. - Aimate Noise: dak;kMritelIT§iBlénkarbBa©ÚlKñarbs; Parameter rbs; Noise nig Parameters rbs; Strenth. Paremeters xageRkamenHsMrab;sMrbsMrYlelIrlkEdlenAeRkam ³ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 69

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC rUb 1>4> Noise ¬sMelg¦ - Modify Panel Make a selection Modifier list Parametric modifier Noise - Make a selection modifiers menu parametric deformers noise Noise modifier eFVIeGaybþÚrTItaMgrbs;ExSbBaÄrénvtßúmYy tambeNþayGkS½EdlbBa©ÚlKñaTaMgbI. ]bkrN_sMxan;sMrab;eFVIeGaymanclna KWeFVIeGaydUcnwglkçN³RBal² epSg²BIKñaenAkñúgragrbs;vtßúmYy. kareRbIR)as;elIkarerobcMcMerokmYy GñkGacsMercelIPaBeFVIeGayRBal)an eFVIeGaymanrlkelIRkLa dUcCaTg;CatiRtUvxül;bk. CamYynwgkarerobcMelIcMerokGñkk¾GacbegáIt)anCalkçN³PUmisaRsþdUcCaPñMcab;BIépÞrab én Geometry eTA. Twist Axis Group - X/Y/Z: kMNt;beNþayGkS½NamYyEdlkarmYlnwgekIteLIgelIenaH. enHKWCaGkS½edImrbs; Twist gizmo . Default = Z - Limit Effect ¬RbsiT§iPaBénRBMEdn¦³ karGnuvtþelIRBMEdnEdlkMhiteTAkan; Twist Modifier. - Upper Limit ¬RBMEdnkan;Etx<s;¦³ kMNt;RBMEdnEdlmanlkçN³ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 70

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦ ³ enAelIkMrit Sub object GñkGacEkERbcMnuckNþal nig eFVIeGayva man clnakar bMEpøgrag Taper Gizmo naMeGayvtßúenaHmanragkan;EtRsYceTA . Parameter rollout karpøas;bþÚrelI Taper pþl;eGaykarerobcMenAelIG½kSBIr nig karerobcMeGaymanlkçN³suIemRTIenAkñúg RbGb; Taper Axis elI Parameter rollout CamYynigkarpøas;bþÚrd¾éTeTot G½kSTaMgenHmanTMnreTArk Gizmo En Taper minEmneTArkxøÜnvaeT . Taper group - Amount ¬cMnYn¦ ³ cMgayeTAkan;cMnuccugnImYy²Edl)ankMNt;maRtdæanehIy tMélcMnYnTaMgenH manTMnak;TMngCamYynigtMélGtibrimaKW 10 . - Curve ¬PaBekag¦ ³ GnuvtþkMeNageTAkan;cMehogén Taper Gizmo/ dUcenHplb:HBal;Edlman elIRTg;RTayrbs;vaKWkan;EtRsYceLIg² . tMélviC¢manbegáIteGay)anEpñkekagxageRkAcMehogEdlman lkçN³kan;EtRsYc tMélGviC¢manbegáIteGay)anExSekagEpñkxagkñúg . tMél 0 cMehogTaMgLayminmankar karERbRbYleT . Default = 0 Taper Axis group ³ G½kSkNþalb¤qñwgxñgrbs; Taper : X, Y b¤ Z. Default =Z - Primary - Effect ³ G½kSmYyrW G½kSmYyKU cg¥úlbgðajBITisedArbs; Taper cab;BIG½kSdMbUgeTA . CMerWsCaeRcIn EdlGacrk)an KWkarkMnt;eGayCMerIsmYyénG½kSdMbUg . RbsiT§iPaBelIG½kSmYyGacmanlkçN³dUcKñanigG½kS BIreTotEdlenAsl; b¤karbB©ÚalKñarbs;G½kSTaMgBIrenaH . RbsinebIG½kSdMbUgKWCaG½kS X enaHRbsiT§iPaBelI G½kSGacCa Y, Z b¤ YZ Default = XY RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 71

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Symmetry ¬suIemRTI¦ ³ begáItCa Taper manlkçN³suIemRTICMuvijG½kSdMbUg . Taper mYyKWEtgEt manlkçN³suIemRTICMuvijG½kSNaEdlmanRbsiT§iPaB . Default = off G½kSdMbUg G½kSTTYlT§iBl Limit group kar offset elI Taper KWGnuvtþcenøaHRBMEdnEdlkan;EtTabnig RBMEdnEdlkan;Etx<s; . Geometry EdlenAB½T§CMuvij/ kñúgxNÐEdlminmanT§iBleday Taper xøÜnÉgpÞal; va)aneFVIclnaedIm,IrkSavtßúeGayenA dEdl . - Limit Effect ¬RbsiT§iPaBénRBMEdn¦ ³ GaceFVIeGayRBMEdnkan;EtTabnigkan;Etx<s;)an sMrab; RbsiT§iPaBeTAelI Taper . - Upper Limit ¬RBMEdnkan;Etx<s;¦ ³ kMnt;elIRBMEdnEdlmanlkçN³kan;Etx<s;eTAkñúg Word Unit cab;BIcMnickNþalén Taper eTA . xageRkamKWCa Taper EdlminmanRbsiT§iPaBelI Geometry eToteLIy . - Lower Limit ¬RBMEdnEdlkan;EtTab¦ ³ kMnt;elIRBMEdnEdlkan;EtTabenAkñúg Word Unit cab;BI cMnuckNþalén Taper eTA xageRkayKWCa Taper EdlminmanRbsiT§iPaBelI Geometry eToteLIy . RbsiT§iPaBelIkarrMkilcMnuckNþalCamYYynigkarerobcMelIRBMEdn edIm,IbegáItKMrbmanCMralCamYy Taper 1–5 . begáItTIbenAkñúg View port NamYy RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 72

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 6–7 . Click elIb‘Utug Bend Edlmankñúg Modifier rollout 8 . kMnt;cMnYnén Taper nig kMeNag 9 . erobcMMelIG½kSrbs; Taper 10 . bnÞab;mkGñknigeXIjvtßúmYymanragdUcCaekan RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 73

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 11 . Click elIb‘Utug UVW Map enAkñúg Modifier rollout 12 . SelectRbePTénRbGb;enAkñúg Mapping rollout 13 . Click elIb‘Utug Fit EdlenAkñúg Alignment 14 . Sellect elI Material / Map browser enAkñúg Toolbar 15 . Click elIrn§KMrUTImYykñúgcMeNamcenøaHrn§tUcEdlCaKMrU 16 . Click elIb‘UtUg Assign Material edIm,IkMnt;sMPar³eTAelIvtßú 17 . Click elIb‘Utug Diffuse Color Map enAkñúg Map rollout 18 . Select elI Checker map EdlenAkñúg Material / Map browser 19 . Click OK 20 . erobcMelIkardak;karU:elIEpnTI ¬U = 5 ; V = 5¦ 21 . LÚvrn§KMrUtUc²TImYyrbs;GñkkøayCaerogRkLacRtgÁ 22 . Click elI Show map enAkñúg View Port edIm,IeXIjRkLacRtgÁkñúg View port 23 . ekanrbs;Gñkpøas;bþÚrrYcehIy 24 . pøas;bþÚrRbePTénEpnTIrbs;GñkeTACa Spherical 25 . Click Render Last enAkñúg Toolbar RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 74

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 26 . KMrbmanCMral nig bgðajtam Render eLIg 1–3 . Twist ¬karrmYl¦ . Modifier Panel eFVIkar Select elIenaH Modifier List Parametric Modifier Twist . Make a Selection Modifier Menu Parametric Deformers Twist begáIteGay)anCakarrmYlmYy ¬dUcCakarBYtRkNat;TTwk¦ enAkñúg Geometry rbs; Twist Modifier vtßúmYy . GñkGacRtYtBinitümMuénkarrmYlelI G½kSNamYyk¾)ankñúgG½kSTaMgbI ehIyerobcMelIPaBlMeGogeTA mçagEdlsgát;elIT§iBlénkarrmYl ehIymanTMnak;TMngeTAsñÚl . GñkkGackMnt;RBMEdnPaBrmYYleTAcMnuc mYyén Geometry . Note : eBlEdlGnuvtþelI Twist Modifier enaHcMnuckNþalrbs; Twist Gizmo KWsßitenARtgcMnuc sñÚlénvtßú ehIyExSbnÞat;én Gizmo k¾eLIgtamG½kSrbs;vtßú . Twist Axis group RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 75

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC -X/Y/Z: kMnt;tambeNþayG½kSNamYyEdlmanrmYlnig ekIteLIgenaH . enHKWCaG½kSedImrbs; Twist Gizmo . Default = Z Limit group karGnuvtþRbsiT§iPaBénPaBrmYl)anEtenAelIEpñkbBaÆr Edlsn§wgenAcenøaHRBMEdnTab nig x<s; . Spinner BIrEdlbgðajBIcMgaytambeNþayG½kS Z rbs; Gizmo ( Z = 0 KWcMnuckNþalrbs; Gizmo ) eBlva mantMélesμIrKña KWvamanlkçN³dUcnigkarminmanlT§PaBeRbIelIRbsiT§iénkarrmYl . - Limit Effect ¬RbsiT§iPaBénRBMEdl¦ ³ GnuvtþelIRBMEdnEdlkMhiteTAkan; Twist Modifier . - Upper Limit ¬RBMEdnkan;Etx<s;¦ ³ kMnt;RBMEdnEdlmanlkçN³kan;Etx<s;sMrab;RbsiT§iPaBénkar rmYl . Default = 0 - Lowe Limit ¬RBMEdnkan;EtTab¦ ³ kMnt;RBMEdnEdlmanlkçN³kan;EtTab sMrab;RbsiT§iPaBénkar rmYYl . Default = 0 edIm,IrmYlvtßúmYy 1 – Select elIvtßúmYy ehIy Apply Twist 2 - enAelI Parameters rollout, kMnt;G½kSrbs; Twist eTA X, Y b¤ Z Edl)an Select enaHeT . 3 - kMnt;mMuénkarrmYl 4 - kMnt;elI Bias énkarrmYl m:UEdledIm karrmYllμm karrmYlxøaMg RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 76

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Modifier Stack GñkGaceFVIeGay Gizmo manclnanigERbRbYldUcvtßúdéTeTotenAkñúgkMrit Sub- BIkarpøas; bþÚr - Gizmo : Twist . karERbesckþIelI Gizmo edaybkERbcMnuckNþaledayxøÜnÉgeTAcMgayesμIKñamYy . ral;kar bgVilnigkarkMnt;maRtdæanelI Gizmo RtUveKarBelIcMnuckNþalrbs;va . - Center ¬cMnuckNþal¦ ³ GñkGacERbesckþInigeFVIeGaycMnuckNþalmanclnaenAkñúgkMrit Sub-object level EdlbMEpøgelIrag Twist gizmo ehIydUcKñanigTMrg;énvtßúEdl)anBt;rYc . Twist Parameter Rollout Twist group ¬mMu¦ ³ kMnt;cMnYnénkarrmYlCMvijG½kSbBaÆr Default = 0.0 - Angle - Bias ¬PaBlMeGogeTAmçag¦ ³ buBVehtuénkarbgVilehIyrmYYledIm,IcgCa)ac;rvagcMnuccugTaMgBIrrbs; vtßú . eBlEdl Parameters mantMélGviC¢man enaHvtßúEdlrmYlmanlkçN³xitCitcMnuckNþalrbs; Gizmo eBlEdlmantMélviC¢man vtßúEdlrrmYlmanlkçN³kan;Etq¶ayBIcMnuckNþal Gizmo . eBlEdl Parameters mantMél 0 karrmYlmanlkçN³dUcedImminmanpøas;bþúrGVIeLIy . Range : 100 eTA -100. Default = 0.0 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 77

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1 – 4 . Noise ¬sMelg¦ . Modify Panel Make a Selection Modifier List Parametric Modifiers Noise . Make a Selection Modifiers menu Parametric Deformers Noise Noise Modifier eFVIeGaybþÚrTItaMgrbs;ExSbBaÆrénvtßúmYy tambeNþayG½kSEdlbBa©ÚlKñaTaMgbI . ]bkrN¾sMxan;sMrab;eFVIeGaymanclna KWeFVIeGaydUcniglkçN³RBal²epSg²BIKñaenAkñúgragrbs;vtßúmYy . kareRbIR)as;elIkarerobcM cMerokmYy GñkGacsMercelIPaBeFVIeGatRBal)an/ eFVIeGaymanrlkelI RkLa dUcCaTg;CatiRtUvxül;bk; . CamYynigkarerobcMelIcMerokGñkk¾GacbegáIt)anCalkçN³PUmisaRsþdUcCa PñμMcab;BiépÞrabén Geometry eTA . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 78

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC épÞrabEdlminmandak;sMelg bEnßm Texture eTAelIépÞrabbegáItCasmuRTmanlkçN³s¶b;mYy Modifier Stack GñkGacrMkil/ bgVil / b¤ kMnt; maRtdæanrbs; Gizmo nigcMnuckNþal Sub-object - Gizmo / Center : edIm,IeGaymanRbsiTi§PaBelIsMeLg Gñkk¾GaceFVIeGay Sub-object køayCamanclna)anEdr . Parameter group Noise group RtYtBinitüelIGakar³xageRkAénsMeLg dUcenHT§iBlrbs;vaenAelIkarxYcRTg;RTayrUbsaRsþénvtßú enaH . tamry³ Default karRtYtBinitümanlkçN³enARTwg rhUtTal;EtGñkpøas;bþÚrelIkarerobcM . - Seed ¬BUC¦ ³ begáItcMnuccab;epþImén Random mYy cab;BItMélelxEdlGñk)ankMnt; . CaBiess manGtßRbeyaCn¾elIkarbegáItépÞrab (Terrain) BIeRBaHkarkMnt;nImYy²GacbegáItCarUbsNÐanxus²Kña . - Scale ¬maRtdæan¦ ³ kMnt;TMhMénT§iBlrbs;sMeLg ¬minEmnkMlaMgeT¦ TMhMkan;EtFMbegáIteGay )anCasMeLgkan;EtRsTn; tMélkan;EtTabeFVIeGaysMeLgkan;EtmanlkçN³reqtrqUt . Default = 0 - Fractal ¬bMENk¦ ³ begáIteGay)anCaRbsiT§iPaBelIbMENkmYyépñkelIkareTibEtkMnt;fμI²mk . Default = off RbsinebIGñkcg;ebIkBakü Fractal GñkGaceFVIkareRCIserIsxageRkamenH - Roughness ¬PaBKRKat¦ ³ kMnt;RbEvgEpñkbBaÆrrbs;bMENk . tMélkan;EtTabKWmanlkçN³ KRKatticCagtMélkan;Etx<s; . Range = 0 eTA 1.0 . Default = 0 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 79

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC ¬mþgehIymþgeTot ¦ ³ RtYtBinitüelIcMnYnénPaBsareLIgvij ¬b¤épÞenAcenøaHGkSmYyeTA Interaction mYyEdldUcKña¦ eRbItamry³muxgarénbMENk . karsaredImeLIgvijkan;EtticnaMeGayeRbIR)as;famBlrbs; bMENkk¾ticEdr ehIybegáIteGay)anplb:HBal;manlkçN³kan;Etrelag . PaBsaredImmþg 1.0 KWman lkçN³dUcKñanigkarbitBakü Fractal . Range = 1.0 eTA 10.0 . Default = 6.0 Strength group RtYtBinitüelItMhMénRbsiT§PaBrbs;sMeLg . KμanRbsiT§iPaBénsMeLgekIteLIgrhUtTal;Etman kMlaMgmYycMnYnRtUv)andak;eGayGnuvtþ . X, Y, Z : kMnt;kMlaMgrbs;RbsiT§iPaBénsMeLgtambeNþayG½kS nImYy²kñúgcMeNamG½kSTaMgbI . vaybBa©ÚltMélénG½kSmYyya:gticbMputedIm,IbegáIt)ansMeLgmYy . Default = 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 Animation group RtYtBinitüelITMrg;énT§iBlsMeLgtamry³kardak;BIelInUvsésrlkmYyedIm,IeFVItamRkLaénsMeLg . ktþaTaMgenHrkSasMeLgeGayenAkñúgRBMEdn/ nig benSIm Random xøaMgbMput . eBlEdlebIkelIBakü Animate Noise, Parameters TaMgenHmanT§IBlelIsMeLgTaMgmUleTaHCaya:gNak¾edayGñkGaceFVIeGay sMeLgmanclna nig Strength Parameters dMeNIrkareTAedayÉkraCü . ktþaTaMgenHmintMrUveGay Animate Noise ebIk enAkñúgxN³EdleyIgkMBugeGaymanclna b¤Rtlb;eRkayvijeT (play back ) . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 80

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Animate Noise : dak;kMritelIT§iBlénkarbBa©ÚlKñarbs; Parameters rbs; Noise nig Parameters rbs; Strength . xageRkamenHsMrab;sMrbsMrYlelIrlkEdlenAeRkam ³ Parameters - Frequency ¬eRbkg;¦ ³ dak;kMritelIel,OnénT§iBlsMelgeRbkg;kan;Etx<s; eFVIeGaysMeLgman PaBj½rkan;Etjab;eLIg . eRbkg;cuHTabbegáItCasMeLgRsTn;nigkan;EtRsal . - Phase ¬eFVIeGayElgmanbnþicmþg²¦ ³ bþÚrkEnøgrbs;cMnuccab;epþImnig bBa©b;énrlkEdlenAeRkam . tamry³ Default, Key sMrab;eFVIeGaymanclna RtUvkMnt;elIcMnuccugénskmμPaBrbs; Frame Range. GñkGaceXIjRbsiT§iPaBén Phase kan;Etc,as;edayEkTItaMgTaMgenaHelI Track View . Select elIBakü Animate Noise edIm,IGaceGaymanclnaRtlb;eRkayvij)an (Play back) . edIm,IbegáItGusedaysMeLg 1 – Select elIvtßúmYyehIydak;GnuvtþelI Noise Modifier 2 – Click elIb‘Utug Noise enAkñúg Modify Rollout 3 - enAkñúg Parameters rollout Strength group, tMelIgtMélelxrbs; Strength tamry³G½kS mYy b¤eRcInkñúgcMeNamG½kSTaMgbI 4 - enAkñúg Noise group, sMrbsMrYlelI Scale. tMélkan;EtTabTMelIgnUvclnaDINamicénkarerob cMelI Strength eFVIeGayemIleXIjRbsiT§iPaBkan;Etc,as;/ emIlelI Noise group xageRkam/ b¤ Option d¾éT eTot . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 81

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1 – 5 . Extrude ¬karBnøÚt¦ . Select elITMrg;mYy Modifier Panel Modifier List Mesh Editing Extrude . Select elITMrg;mYy Modifier Menu Mesh Editing Extrude Extrude Modifier sMrab;bEnßbCMerAeTAelITMrg;vtßúnigeFVIeGayvakøayCavtßúmanlkçN³ Parametric . eFVICa Spline sinmuneBleFVIkarBnøÚt/ eqVgBnøÚt Spline edayman b¤ Kμan Select elI Cap End . - Amount ¬cMnYn¦ ³ kMnt;CMerAkñúgkarBnøÚt - Segment ¬kMNat;¦ ³ kMnt;cMnYnénkMNat;EdlnigbegáItkñúgeBleFVIkarBnøÚtvtßú . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 82

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Capping group begáItépÞmuxrabmYyenAelIcMnuccab;epþIménvtßúEdlBnøÚtehIy . - Cap Start : - Cap End : begáItépÞmuxrabmYyEdlenAelIcMnucbBa©b;énvtßúEdlBnøÚtehIy . - Morph : erobcMépÞmuxrbs;KMrb kñúglkçN³EdlGacdwgmun)an / GaceGay Pattern Rtlb;mþg eTot)an EdlTaMgenHmansar³sMxan;kñúgkarbegáIt Morph targets. - Grid : erobcMépÞmuxrbs;KMrbenAkñúg Grid ragkaerEdl)antMrwmedayRBMCMuvij . Output group ¬bMNH¦ ³ begáItvtßúmYyEdlGñkGacERbeTACavtßúbMNHmYy)an . - Patch - Mesh ¬PaBbnSIKña¦ ³ begáItvtßúmYyEdlGñkGacERbeTACavtßúmYyEdlmanlkçN³bnSIKña . - NURBS ³ begáItvtßúmYyEdlGñkGacERbeTACaépÞmuxmanlkçN³ NURBS . - Generate Mapping Coords : begáItvtßúEdl)anBnøÚtCamYykarsMrbsMrYlkñúgkarGnuvtþehIy . eBlEdlebIkBakü Generate Mapping Coords/ karbEnßmelIkarsMrbsMrYl Mapping KWGnuvtþenAcugKMrb sßitenACYr 1x1 elIKMrbnImYy² . - Generate Material IDS : sMrab;cat;EcgelIsMPar³ IDS xus²KñaeTAkan;cMehognigKMrbrbs;vtßúEdl )anBnøÚtehIy . CaBiesscMehogEdlTTYl ID3, nigKMrbTTYl IDS 1 nig 2 . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 83

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RbGb;sMrab;RtYtBinitüenH eBlEdlebIkmanlkçN³Ca Default, enAeBlGñkbegáItkarBnøÚtelIvtßúmYy . b:uEnþRbsineBIGñkpÞúkvtßúBnøÚtTaMgenaHBI MAX File enaHRbGb;RtYtBinitüRtUvbit/ EfTaMsPar³ ID dEdl nig cat;EcgsMrab;vtßúEdlmankñúg R1.X . - Use Shape IDS : eRbIR)as;tMélsMPar³ ID Edl)ancat;EcgeTACakMNat;enAkñúg Spline EdlGñk )anRkLwg/ b¤ Bt; Sub-object enAkñúg NURBS manlkçN³ekag EdlGñk)anRkLwg . - Smooth ¬PaBrelag¦ ³ GnuvtþPaBrelageTAelITMrg;Edl)anBnøÚtehIy . 1 – 6 . Lathe ¬karRkLwg ¦ . Select elITMrg;mYy Madify Panel Modifier List Patch/Spline Editing Lathe . Select elITMrg;mYy Modifiers menu Patch / Spline Editing Lathe karRkLwgbegáIteGayvtßúmanrag 3D tamry³karbgVilTMrg;mYy b¤ kMeNag NURBS CMuvijG½kS . Modifier Stack - Axis : enAkMrit Sub-object level enHGñkGacERbkøay nig eFVIeGaykarvilCMuénG½kSmanclna . Parameter Rollout kMnt;cMnYnrbs;dWeRkEdleFVIeGayvtßúvilCMvijG½kSénkarCMu ¬0 eTA 360, Default = 360¦ . - Degrees : GñkGacerobcMelI Keyframes sMrab; Degree edIm,IeGaymanclnaCargVg;eLIgeTAelIénvtßúEdl)an RkLwgehIy . G½kS Lathe KWkMnt;TMhMedayxøÜnÉgnUvkMBs;rbs;TMrg;EdlRtUvRkLwg . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 84

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Weld core ¬pSarP¢ab;bNþÚl¦ ³ PaBsamBaØénkarbnSIKñatamry³karpSarP¢ab;EpñkbBaÆrTaMgGs; EdlenAelIkarvilCMurbs;G½kS . rkSaTukeGayvaenAbiT RbsinebIGñkmanbMNgedIm,IbegáIt - Flip Normal : GaRs½yedayTisedAénExSbBaÆrelITMrg;rbs;Gñk nig TisedAénkarbgVil/ vtßúEdl )anRkLwgehIyGacykEpñkxagkñúgecjeRkA)an . - Sgments : kMnt;cMnYnénkMNat;Edl)anEkéx ehIyEdl)anbegáItenAkñúgépÞmux enAcenøaHcab;epþim nig cMnucbBa©b; . Parameters enHk¾GaceFVIeGaymanclnapgEdr . Default = 16 Capping group RtYtBinitüelIKMrbeTaHCaman b¤ Gt;Edl)anbegáItsMrab;EpñkxagkñúgénvtßúEdl)anRkLwgRbsinebI Degree RtUvkMnt;eGayticCag 360 . - Cap Start : Caps elIkarcab;epþIménvtßúEdl)anRkLwg CamYynig Degree EdlkMnt;eGayticCag 360 nigmanTMrgbiTCit . - Cap End : Caps elIcMnucbBa©b;énvtßúEdl)anRkLwg CamYynig Degree EdlkMnt;eGayticCag 360 nigmanTMrg;biTCit . - Morph : erobcMelIépÞKMrbkñúgPBEdlGacdWgTukmun)an eyIgGacRtlb; Pattern sareLIgvij)an Edlmansar³sMxan;kñúgkarbegáIt Morph target – Morph Capping GacbegáItépÞmuxEvg/ esþIg edaymin)an Render b¤EkERbrageLIg dUcKñanig Grid Capping Edr . eRbIR)as; Morph Capping dMbUg RbsinebIGñk kMBugEtRkLwgelI Morph Targets CaeRcIn . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 85

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Grid : erobcMmuxrbs;KMrbenAkñúg Grid ragkaer Edl)antMrwmehIyenAkñúgRBMrbs;RTg;RTay . viFI saRsþenHbegáIt)anépÞmuxmYyEdlmantMélCaelxKt;KUr ehIyGacEkERbRTg;RTaytamry³ Modifier déT eTot . Direction group kMnt;TisedAénkarvilCMurbs;G½kS vamanTMnak;TMngeTAnigcMnuckNþalénvtßú . - X / Y / Z : kMnt;TisedAénkarvilCMuvijrbs;G½kS EdlmanTMnak;TMngeTAnigcMnuckNþalénvtßú . Align group - Min / Max / Center : dak;karvilCMuénG½kSeGayenARtg;CYreTAkan;tMélGtibrima/ kNþal/ b¤cMgay Gtibrimarbs;TMrg; . Output group ¬bMNH¦ ³ begáItvtßúmYyEdlGñkGacERbeTACavtßúbMNHmYy - Patch - Mesh ¬PaBbnSIKña¦ ³ begáItvtßúmYyEdlGñkERbeTACavtßúmanlkçN³bnSIKña . - NURBS : begáItvtßúmYyEdlGñkERbépÞmuxeTACamanlkçN³ NURBS - Generate Mapping Coordinates : Gnuvtþ Mapping Coordinates eTAkan;vtßúEdl)anRkLwgehIy . eBlEdldWeRkmantMélticCag 360 ehIy Generate Mapping Coordinates RtUv)anebIk / enaHkarbEnßm karsMrbsMrYl Mapping KWGnuvtþeTAEpñkcgénKMrb sßitenACYr 1x1 elIKMrbnImYy² . - Generate Material IDS : cat;EcgsMPar³ IDS xus²eTAkan;cMehognigKMrbrbs;Edl)anRkLwg ehIy . CaBiesscMehogEdlTTYl ID3 nigKMrb ¬eBlEdldWeRkticCag 360 ehIyvtßúEdlRkLwgehItyRtUv )anbiT¦ TTYl)an IDS 1 nig 2 . RbGb; Check box enHmanlkçN³dUcCa Default eBlEdleLIg ehIyeBlGñkRkLwgelIvtßúmYy/ b:uEnþRbsinebIGñkpÞúkvtßúEdl)anRkLwgehIyBI R1.X én Max file, RbGb; Check box enHRtUvbiTvij . EfTaM sMPar³ ID dEdl Edlcat;EcgvtßúEdlvamanenAkñúg R1.X . - Use Shape IDS : eRbIR)as;sMPar³Edl)ankMnt;tMél eTAkan;kMNat;enAkñúg Spline EdlGñkRkLwg ehIy b¤Bt; Sub-object eTAkñúgkMeNag NURBS EdlGñk)anRkLwg . eRbIR)as; Shape IDS Edl)andMenIr kareTA)aneBlEdl Generate Material IDs ebIk . - Smooth : Gnuxtþkardak;PaBrelageTAvtßúEdl)anRkLwgehIy . edIm,IbegáIts‘uménKMnUredaykarRkLwg 1 - eRbIR)as;b‘Utug Create / Shape nigrUbPaBctuekaNEkgenAkñúg Front View Port RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 86

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC mYyedIm,IeGayb‘Utug Modify enAkñúglMdab;lMedayCamYynig Modify a rectangle 2 - Click 3 - Select elI Edit Spline enAkñúg Modify rollout 4 – Select Bakü Vertex enAkñúg Sub-object 5 - Select elIEpñkxagsþaMnigeRkamBakü Vertex énragctuekaNEkgmYyenAkñúg Front View Port 6 - elIb‘Utug Delete elI Keyboard ehIylub Vertex Edl)an Select elImanragdUcCaRtIekaNmYy edaysarkargarenH dUcrUb 6 7 - RbsinebI Click elI Mouse sþaMén Vertex Edl Select bnÞab; ehIyEdl Select elIEpñkxagsþaM nig elI RBmTaMgEpñkeqVgxageRkamelIvtßúmYyEdlkñúgeBlEtmYy/ Vertex mYyRtYtBinitüelI Dialog Window EdlbgðajCamYynig rUbTI 8 . 8- vtßúmYyERbkøayCaRtIekaNeBjlkçN³mYy RbsinebIGñkEkERb Vertex eTACa Corner 9 - KUrrUbxageRkamCargVg;dUcKña EdlRtUvbiTBakü Sub-object elIEpñkkNþalrbs;RtIekaN RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 87

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Bakü Modify eGayenAlMdab;lMdayedIm,Idak;eGayrgVg;køayCaRtIekaN 10 - Select 11 - Select elIRtIekaNbnÞab; EdleyIg Select elI Edit Spline, ehIy Click elI Attach nigdak; eGayrgVg;køayCaRtIekaN 12 - Select Spline én Sub-object 13 - Select RtIekaNmYyenAkñúg Front View Port 14 - Select elI Union of Boolean eGayenAkñúglMdab;lMeday edIm,Idak;RtIekaN nig rgVg;eGay bBa©ÚlKña . 15 - vtßúTaMgLayEdlbBa©ÚlKñadUcrUb 15 RbsinebIeK Select rgVg;bnÞab;BIeFVIkar Union Selection. 16 - Click mYyedm,IeFVI Modify eGayeTAtamlMdab;lMeday nigGnuvtþ Lathe eTAelIvtßú 17 - Click nig Applies elIb‘Utug Lathe 18 - clnaEdleFVIeday Sub-object edIm,IrMkilG½kS 19 - kMritG½kS X EdleRbIERbeTACaBN’elOgenAkñúg Front View Port 20 - bþÚr Segment eTACa 4 énkñúg Parameter én Lathe épÞrabbYnpþac;ecjmkenACMuvijG½kS RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 88

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC elI Render Last enAkñúgCYr edIm,Ikar Rendering 21 - Click 22 - vtßúEdl)anRkLwgERbkøayRbEhlnig Segment EdlmanragRtIekaN nig rgVg; dak;bBa©ÚlKña EdleyIg)aneRCIserIsTukmunehIy nigenACMuvijG½kSBN’elOgEdlbgðajeLIg . 2 – EDIT SPINES 2 – 1 . Modifier Stack Make a Selection Modify Panel ¬ Stack sMrab;xøI ¦ pÞúknUvkarsnSMénerOgra:vrbs;vtßúmYy rYmCamYynig Parameters Modifier Stack sMrab;begáItva RBmTaMgkarpøas;bþÚrEdl)anGnuvtþeTAelIva . enAEpñkxageRkamén Stack KWCavtßúedImdMbUg . enAEpñkxagelIvtßúKWGVIEdl)anpøas;bþÚr enAtamCYrBIeRkameTAelI . enHKWCaCYrEdlkarpøas;bþÚrNamYyRtUv)an GnuvtþeTAelI Geometry rbs;vtßú . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 89

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Modifier List taragénkarpøas;bþÚrKICataragEdlFøak;cuHmkehIy GnuBaØatieGayGkeRCIserIskarpøas;bÚþrmYyedIm,I bEnßmenAkñúg Stack . eBlEdlGñkeRCIserIskarpøas;bþÚrelIkMNt;vtßúmYyecjBItaragenH vabgðajeGay eXIjnUvelIvtßúenH b¤enAelIkarpøas;bþÚrEdleTIbEt Select ehIyfμI²kñúg Stack . eBlGñkeRCIserIskarpøas;bþÚr World – Space BItaragenHvabgðajeGayeXIjnUveRkam Stack . enAkñúg Stack, eq<aHeTAeqVgédénkapøas;bþÚrnImYy² KWCa Icon rUbGMBUlePøIgmYy . eBlEdlGMBUlecjBN’s enaHkarpøas;bþÚrKWGnuvtþeTAelI Stack EdlenAeRkamva . eBlGMBUlePøIgecjBN’ RbepHenaHkarpøas;bþÚrRtUv)anbiT . Click elIenaHedIm,IxÞas;elI ebIk ¼ biT rbs;bMlas;bþÚr . RbsinebIkarpøas;bþÚrmanlkarRtYtBinitürg (Sub-controls) dUcCacMnuckNþal b¤ Gizmo, Stack k¾ bgðajnUv Icon tUcmYyEdlmansBaØbUknigdk Click elI Icon enHedIm,IebIk n¤ biT tamlMdab; . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 90

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC ebIkelIlMdab;lMedayénkarpøas;bþÚredIm,IcUleTAkan;karRtYtBinitürg (sub-control) . eBlEdlPabtamlMdablMedayebIkeLIg GñkGac Select elI Sub-control mYy dUcCa Gizmo ehIysMrb sMrYlelIva . Sub-Control GacERbRbYlBIkarpøas;bþÚrmYyeTAkarpøas;bþÚrmYyeTot . Tool Buttons xageRkamkarbgðajén Stack manb‘UtugmYyCYrsMrab;RKbRKgelI Stack Pin Stack : cak;esarelI Stack cMeBaHvtßúEdleTI Select fμI²dUcenHvarkSaenACamYyvtßúEdlmin b:HBal;dl;karpøas;bþÚrtmkeTotenAkñúgkar Select . Modify Panel TaMgmUlRtUv)ancak;esardUcCavtßúTaMgGs; Edr . Pin Stack mansar³sMxan;sMrab;bMlas;bþÚrvtßúd¾éTeTot kñúgxN³EdrrkSaTIkEnøgenAkñúg Stack rbs; Modifier object . Show End Result : bgðajBIvtßúEdl)an Select ehIy edayvanigbgðajeLIgbnÞab;BIrbMlas; bþÚrTaMgGs;enAkñúg Stack RtUv)andak;tamTIkEnøg/ edayminb:HBal;dl;TItaMgrbs;GñkenAkñúg Stack . eBlEdlkarxÞas; RtUvbiT/ vtßúbgðajeLIgedaykarpøas;bþÚrehIyeq<aHeTAkarpøas;bþÚrfμí²enAkñúg Stack . Make Unique : bMEpøgkarpøas;bþÚrPøam²mYyeTA Copy mYyEdlmanlkçN³manEtmYycMnuc vtßúenaH . Remove Modifier : lubecalnUvkarpøas;bþÚrfμI² b¤PaBmincgelIépÞe)a:g (space ward) . Configure Modifier Sets : Click edIm,Ibgðaj Modifier Sets menu EdlmaneLIg . 2 – 2 . Configure Modifier set Dialog Modify Panel Configure Modifier set button Configure Modifier Sets Dialog enHbBaØatieGayGñkbegáItnUvc,ab;TMlab;énkarpøas;bþÚr nig b‘UtugerobcMsMrab; Modifier Panel RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 91

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Modifiers : cuHbBa¢InUvkarpøas;bþÚrTaMgGs;EdlGac nigeTIbEteRbIfμI² . vaRtUv)anerobcMcUlkñúgRbePT TaMgenH ³ MAX STANDARD, Deformations, MAX SURFACE, Surface Tools, MAX EDIT, MAX EDDITIONAL, SPLINE EDITS, Modifiers, Vertex Sharder nig SPACE WARPS . edIm,IbEnßmkar pøas;bþÚrmYyeTAb‘UtugEdleTIbnigerobcMehIy / RtUvGUlelIeQμaHrbs;karpøas;bþúÚrenaH BItaragenHeTAkan;b‘Utug enAkñúgRbGb; Modifier group . - Sets : enAelI Edit field nigtaragEdlFøak;cuHmk GnuBaØatieGayGñkeRCIserIskarerobcMelIkarpøas; bþÚredIm,IBinitüepÞógpÞat; . kñúgkarbegáItb‘UtugfμI eyIgRtUv Enter eQμaHkñúg Edit field ehIy Click elIBakü Save . - Save : Saves b‘UtugfμíEdl)anerobcMeLIg - Delete : lubelIb‘UtugfμIEdl)anerobcM - Important : GñkminGac Undo elIkarlubelI b‘UtugEdl)anerobcMehIyeT - Total Buttons : kMnt;cMnYn Button enAkñúg Button set, Button set mYyGacTTYl)an 32 b‘Utug . Modifiers group box PreviewBIrebobEdlb‘UtugnigekIteLIgelI Modify panel . BIeRBaHRbGb;Gacbgðaj)anEt 16 b‘Utugb:ueNÑaHkñúgmYyeBl/ Scroll bar enAEpñkxagsþaMGaceGayGñkeXIjBIb‘UTugd¾éTeTotEdlenAsl; . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 92

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrb‘Utug RtUvGUselIeQμaHénkarpøas;bþÚrmYyecjBItarag Modifiers eTAkan;b‘UtugenAkñúg RbGb;énRkumenH b¤ Click b‘UtugenaH ¬s‘um Highlights CMuvijrbs;va ¦ ehIy Double – click elIeQμaHrbs; karpøas;bþÚr . 2 – 3 . Edit Spline b¤ Select Spline mYy Modify Panel Patch / Spline Editing Edit Spline . Create . Create b¤ Select Spline mYy Modify Menu Patch / Spline Editing Edit Spline Spline EdlGacEkERb)anpþl;eGaynUvkarRtYtBinitüsMrab;kareRbIR)as;y:agbuinRbsBVelIvtßúmYyk¾dUc Ca Spline mYy ehIyenAelIkmritTaMgbIén Sub-object level KW Vertex, segment, nig Spline Selection Rollout pþl;eGaynUvkarRtYtBinitüsMrab;rbt;xus²Kñaénm:Utrbs; Sub-object Edl On nig Off vaeFVIkar CamYy nig Name Selection nig Handles karerobcMelI Display nigBt’manGMBIkar Select TaMgmUl . enAeBlEdlGñkQancUldMbUgkñúg Modify Panel CamYynigkar Select elI Spline EdlGacEk)an/ eBlGñkkMBugenAelI Object level, CamYynigkarcUleTAkan;muxgarnanaEdlGaccUl)andUcCakarKUrkñúg Editable Spline ¬vtßú¦ . GñkGacxÞas; elIm:Ut Sub-object nigcUlkñúgmuxgarénkarTak;Tgeday Click elI b‘Utug Sub-object enAEpñkelIrbs; Selection Rollout . GñkGaceFVIkarCamYyEpñkCaeRcInénrUbrag Spline nanaEdleRbIR)as;RTg;RTay Sub-object selection énvtßúCa Editable Spline . Click elIb‘UtugmYyEdlenAkEnøgdUcKñaelIkar Select kñúgRbePT Sub-object EdlenAkñg Modifier List . Click elIb‘UtugmþgeTotedIm,IbiTvaehIyRtUvRtlb;eTAkMrit Object – Selection vij . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 93

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC EpñkbBaÆrkMnt;niymn½yedaycMnuc nigbnÞat;b:Hekag kMNat;EdlP¢ab;EpñkbBaÆr Spline KWCakarrYbbB©aÚlKñaBImYy b¤ eRcInEdlP¢ab;CamYykMNat; Name Selection Group dak;TItaMgeQμaHEdl)an Select eTAkan;RTnab;énkarcMlg (Copy) - Copy : - Past : Past eQμaHEdl)an Select eTAkan;RTnab;énkarcMlg ( copy ) - Lock Handles : CaFmμtaGñkGacEkERbelIRtecokénbnÞat;b:HekagenAeBlEtmYy eTaHCaeBl EdlmanExSbBaÆrCaeRcInRtUv)an Select k¾edayeRbIR)as;karRtYtBinitü Lock Handles edIm,IEkERb Bizier Ca eRcIn nig Bizier Corner Handles EdlekIteLIgkñúgeBldMNalKña . - Alike : edayGñkGUselIRtecokén Vector Edlmkdl;/ Vector enaHTaMgGs;mankar Select elI EpñkbBaÆrEdlrMkilenAeBldMNalKña . dUcKñaenHeEdrkarrMkilbnÞat;b:HeTAelIcugmYy eFVIeGayrMkilbnÞat;b:H EdlTTYlsMrab;EpñkbBaÆrEdl)an Select TaMgGs; - All : RtecokNamYyEdlGñkrMkil naMeGaymanplb:HBal;dl;RtecokTaMgGs;EdlenAkñúg Selection ebIeTaHCaBYkvaenAEbkKñak¾eday . kareGayeRCIserIsenHk¾manGtßRbeyaCn¾ eBlEdleFVIkar CamYynigkMBUlmYyrbs; Bizier Corner enAeBlGñkcg;rMkilRtecokTaMgBIr . cuc SHIFT ehIy Click elIRtecokNamYyedIm,I } kat;pþac; } BIbnÞat;ekag nig rMkilRtecoknImYy² edayÉkraCü . cMeBaH Alike Option RtUvEt)aneRCIserIsedIm,Ikat;pþac;bnÞat;ekag . - Area Selection : GnuBaØatieGayGñk Select edaysV½yRbvtþielIEpñkbBaÆrTaMgGs;eTAtamkaMEdl )ankMnt;mYyrbs;kMBUlEdlGñk Click . enAelIkMrit Vertex sub-objective level ebIkBakü Area Selection ehIykMnt;kaMCamYynig Spinner eTAkan;EpñkxagsþaMénRbGb;RtYtBinitü Area Selection eBlEdleRbIelI Surface Tools Modeling vamanGtßRbeyaCn¾edIm,IbegáItRTugén Spline mYy . - Segment End : Select elIkMBUleday Click elIkMNat;mYy. enAkñúg Vertex Sub-object ebIkelI NaküenH ehIy Select kMNat;mYyEdlenACitnigkMBUlEdlGñkcg; Select . eRbIR)as;vaeBlEdlmancMnYn énkarKab;CYnKñarbs;EpñkbBaÆrehIyEdlGñkcg; select kMBUlmYyEdl)ankMnt; . Cursor ERbkøayeTACarag kak)aTeBlEdlvarenABIelIkMNat;TImYy . tamry³kardak;cuHelI CTRL Key GñkGacbEnßmelIkar Select )an . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 94

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Select by : Selects EpñkbBaÆrenAelI Spline b¤ kMNat;Edl)an Select ehIy . kar Select elIkdMbUgelI Spline b¤ kMnt; Sub-object én Spline b¤ CakMNat; / ehIyebIkBakü Vertex enAkñúg Sub-object nig Click elI Select By ehIyeRCIserIsBakü Spline b¤ Segment . EpñkbBaÆrTaMgGs;enAelI Spline b¤ kMNat;Edl)an Select KWRtUv)an Select TaMgGs;Edr . GñkGacEkERbelIEpñkbBaÆr)an . Display Group eBlebIkelIva kmμviFInigbgðajBIcMnYnkMBUl enAEpñkbBaÆrrbs; Spline - Show Vertex Numbers : Edl)an Select ehiynigRKb;kMritén Sub-object level . - Select Only : enAeBlebIk/ cMnYnkMBUlb¤cMnYntYelxbgðajeLIgEtenACitnigEpñkbBaÆrEdl)an Select . Select Info enAelIb‘Utugén Selection rollout KWkarbgðajGtßbTsMrab;pþl;Bt’manGMBIkar Select fμI² . Rbsin ebImansUnü b¤ elIsBImYyén Sub-object RtUv)an Select enaHGtßbTnwgpþl;eGayCacMnYnEdleyIg)an Select . enAelI Vertex nig Segment sub-object level / RbsinebIman Sub-object RtUv)an Select enaH GtßbTnigpþl;eGaynUvGtþsBaØaNrbs;cMnYnén Spline fμI² ¬CamYynigkareKarBeTAtam Object fμI² ¦ ehIy én Sub-object Edl)an Select ehIyfμI . vtßúEdlCa Spline / nImYy²pÞúknUvelxrbs; Spline mYy . ebIva pÞúkelIsBImYy Spline EdlenAbnþbnÞab;BIeRkaynigmanelxt²Kñakan;Etx<s;eTA . eBlEdlman Spline Et mYyRtUv)an Select enAelIkMrit Spline sub-object level / bnÞat;TImYyEdlbgðajnUvGtþsBaØaNénelxrbs; Splinne Edl)an Select dUcenHehIyvabiT b¤ ebIk / cMeBaHbnÞat;TIBIrbgðajnUvelxrbs;EpñkbBaÆrEdlvapÞúk . eBlman Spline elIsBImYyRtUv)an Select / enaHcMnYn Spline Edl)an Select TaMgGs;KWbgðajelIbnÞat;TI mYy ehIyelxsrubénEpñkbBaÆrEdlpÞúkkñúgenaHKWbgðajenAelIbnÞat;TIBIr . Geometry Rollout pþl;eGaynUvmuxgarsMrab;EkERb Spline énvtßúmYy nig Sub-object / muxgarEdl Geometry Rollout GacdMenIrkar)anenAelIkMrit Spline object level ¬eBlEdlKμankMrit Sub-object Level kMBugdMenIrkar / emIl elI Editable Spline (object)¦ KWGacdMeNIrkar)anelIkMrit Sub-object level TaMgGs;)anEdr ehIyeFVIkar y:ageTogTat;dUcKñaenAelIkMritnImYy² . muxgard¾éTeTotk¾GacdMenIrkary:ageRCA)andUcKñaelIkMrit Sub-object level NamYyEdlkMBugebIk . GVITaMgGs;EdlGnuvtþeTA Sub-object level d¾éTeTotKWecJBN’RbepH . Editable Spline elI Spline EdlGac Edit )an . Select Modify Panel Edit Spline ¬minEmn Sub-object level Edl)an Select enAkñúg Modifier Stack eT ¦ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 95

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Create Line : bEnßm Spline EfmeToteTAkan; Spline Edl)an Select ehIy . bnþat;TaMgenH sMrab;kat;pþac; Spline sub-object / eyIgbegáItvatamviFIdUc²Kña dUcbnÞat;én Spline Edr . edIm,IecjBIbnÞat;RtUv Click elI Mouse sþaM b¤ Click edIm,IbiTelIBakü Create Line . - Poly Connect : biTelIBaküenH ebIGñkmincg;)anbnÞat;fμIEdlP¢ab;eTAnigcMnuccug b£ bnÞat;edImEdl manRsab;enaHeT . eBlEdlebIkelI Poly connect nig eBlEdlkMBugbegáItbnÞat; RbsinebIkar Click elI Mouse dMbYgsßitelIcMnuccugénrUbragEdlmanRsab; enaHbnÞat;EdleTIbbegáItfμImanlkçN³cgP¢ab;Kñaeday sV½yRbvtþiEdlsßitenAcMnuccug . vaGacCakarrMxanmYyEdr CaBiesseBlEdlkMBugbegáIt Spline Ca Network sMrab;eRbIR)as;kñúg Surface Tool . - Attach : GnuBaØatieGayGñktP¢ab; Spline d¾éTeTotenAkñúgpÞaMgrUbeTAkan; Spline Edl)an Select ehIy . Click elIvtßúEdlGñkcg;P¢ab;eTA Spline eTAvtßúEdleTIbnig Select ehIyfμI² . cMeBaHvtßúEdlGñkkMBug Et tP¢ab;enaHdac;xatk¾RtUvCa Spline Splines EdlminP¢ab; ¬eqVg¦ Splines Edl)antP¢ab;ehIy ¬sþaM¦ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 96

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC eBlEdlGñktP¢ab;vtßúmYy sMPar³énvtßúTaMgBIrenHbBa©ÚlKñatamlkçN³xageRkamenH RbsinebIvtßúnwgRtUvtP¢ab;minmansMPar³Ed;lEdl)ankMnt;TukmkeT vanigTTYlnUvsMPar³rbs;vtßúmYy eTotEdlP¢ab;eTA . dUcKñaEdr RbsinebIvtßúEdlGñkkMBugtP¢ab;minmansMPar³eT vanwgTTYlenAsMParHrbs;vtßúEdlP¢ab;mkva . RbsinebIvtßúTaMgBImansMParP¢ab;Rsab; / CalT§plsMParHfμIEdlmanlkçN³Ca Multi / sub – object ehIy enAB½T§CMuvijsMParHBIreTotEdl)andak;cUleTAenaH . Dialog mYy)anbgðajeLIg edaypþl;nUvviFIsaRsþbI sMrab;karbB©aÚlKñaénsMParHrbs;vtßú nig sMParH IDs . sMrab;Bt’manbEnßm sUmemIlelI Attach Option Dialog . kartP¢ab;rUbrageFVIeGay)at;bg;nUvGtþsBaØaN nig RUbragpÞal;xøÜnrbs;va / tamry³lT§plxag eRkamenH ³ karP¢ab;rUbrageFVIeGay)at;bg;nUvpøÚvcUlTaMgGs;eTAkan; Parameters EdlbegáItva . ]TahrN¾ / eBl GñkP¢ab;ragCargVg;mYyeTAkan;raglkaermYy GñkminGacRtlb;eTApøas;bþÚrelI Parameters énkaMrbs;rgVg;)an eLIy . Modifier Stack énrUbragEdl)antP¢ab;ehIyRtUv)anRkLab;xUc . karEkERbNak¾eday / karpøas;bþÚrnigkardak;eGaymanclnaeTAkan;ragEdltP¢ab;RtUvKaMgenAelIeRKagfμI² . - Reorient : eBlEdlebIkbgVil Spline EdltP©ab;ehIydUcenHTItaMgsMrab;begáItvamanRbB½n§sMrb sMrYl KW tMrwmCamYynwgTItaMgsMrab;begáItmanRbB½n§sMrbsMrYlrbs; Spline Edl)an Select ehIy . - Attach Multi : Click elIb‘UtugenHedIm,Ibgðaj Attach Multiple Dialog EdlpÞúknUvtaragénrUbrag d¾éTeTotTaMgGs;enAelIpÞaMgeGRkg; . Select elIrUbragEdlGñkcg;tP¢ab;eTAnig Spline fμI²EdlmanlkçN³ GacEkERb)an bnÞab;mk Click elI OK . - Insert : Insert EpñkbBaÆrmYyrWelIsBIenH ehIybegáItkMNat;bEnßm . Click elIkEnøgNak¾)anenA kñúgkMNat;mYy edIm,I Insert kMBUlmYynigtP¢ab;eTA Mouse . lkçN³EdlGaceRCIserIs)anKW rMkil Mouse ehIy Click edIm,Idak;TItaMgrbs;kMBUlfμI . eyIgbnþkarrMkilelI Mouse ehIy Click edIm,IbEnßmEpñkbBaÆr . kar Click EtmYy Insert )anCakMBUlEkgmYy kñúg xN³EdlkarGUs Mouse begáIt)anCakMBUl Bizier mYy ¬relag¦ . Click elI Mouse sþaMedIm,IbMeBjkic©RbtibtþikarenH ehIyRBElg Mouse mkvij . enAcMnucenH GñksßitenAkñúg Insert Mode enAeLIy ehIyGñkcab;epþImkar Insert EpñkbBaÆrenAkñúgkMNat; xusKña . ebImin dUecñHeTGñkGac Click elI Mouse sþaMmþgeTot b¤ Click elI Insert edIm,IecjBI Insert Mode . Editing Spline (Vertex) RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 97

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC elI Spline mYyEdlGac Edit )an Modify Panel BRgIk Spline enaHenAkñúg Stack Display Select Vertex sub-object level kñúgxN³EdlenAkñúgkMrit Spline (Vertex ) Level GñkGac Select elIEpñkbBaÆrmYy rW eRcInnigrMkilBYkvaedayeRbIR)as;viFIsaRsþtamKMrU . RbsinebIkMBUlCaRbePTén Bezier b¤ Bezier Corner, Gñkk¾GacrMkilnig bgVilRtecokpgEdr / dUcenHRbsiT§iPaBelITMrg;énkMNat;NamYyRtUv)an bBa©ÚleTAkñúgkMBUl . muxgar Refine edayrYmbBa©ÚlCamYytYelxRbs;muxgarmanGtßRbeyaCn¾sMrab;karksag Spline Network EdlsMrab;eRbICamYynig Surface Modifier . - Refine : GnuBaØatieGayGñkbEnßmEpñkbBaÆredaymin)ac;bMEpøgtMélelxéntMNagrbs; Spline eLIy . Click elI Refine ehIy Select elIelxNamYyénkMNat; Spline edIm,IbEnßmkMBUlmYyral;eBlEdl Gñk Click (mouse cursor pøas;bþÚreTACanimitþsBaØa “Connect” eBlEdlvaenAelIkMNat;NaEdlNamansiT§I . edIm,IbBa©b;nUvkarbEnßmEpñkbBaÆr Click elI Refine mþgeTot b¤ Click Mouse sþaMenAkñúg View Port . Gñkk¾Gac Click elIEpñkbBaÆrEdlmanRsab;enAeBlEdl Software bgðajecjnUv Dialog EdlsYr RbsinebIGñkcg; Refine b¤ Connect only eTAkan;EpñkbBaÆr . ebIGñkeRCIserIsyk Connect Only enaH Software nigminbegáItkMBUleT / Software RKan;EteFVIkarP¢ab;eTAkan;kMBUlEdlmanRsab; . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 98

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC karRbtibtþielI Refine begáIteGay)anCaRbePTxus²KñaénkMBUl GaRs½yelIRbePTénEpñkbBaÆrenA elIcMnuccugénkMNat;Edl)an Refine ehIy. RbsinebIrbs;EpñkmanlkçN³ Smooth TaMgBIr enaHkarRbtibtþi elI Refine begáIt)anCakMBUlmanRbePTCa Smooth . RbsinebIRBMrbs;ExSbBaÆrmanlkçN³CaRbePT Corner TaMgsgxagenaHkarRbtibtþielI Refine begáIt)anCakMBUlEdlmanRbePTCa Corner . dUcKñaenHEdr ebIRBMTaMgBIrrbs;ExSbBaÆrmanRbePTCa Corner b¤ Bizier Corner, karRbtibtþielI Refine begáIt)anCakMBUlEdlCaRbePT Bezier Corner - Connect ³ eBlebIkelIenH / begáIt Spline sub-object fμImYytamry³karP¢ab;ExSbBaÆrfμI . eBlEdlGñkbBa©b;karbEnßmExSbBaÆrCamYykarRbtibtþielI Refine, Connect eFVIeGay)anCa Copy pþac;ecj BIKñamYyénkMBUlnImYy² ehIyP©ab; Copy TaMgGs;enaHCamYynig Spline fμImYy . + Note : GñkRtUvEtebIkelI Connect muneBlEdlGñk Click elI Refine . bnÞab;BIebIkelI Connect nig eRkayeBlEdlcab;epþImdMeNIrkar Refreshment, RtUvebIkelIkarbBa©Úl KñaNamYyk¾)anén Option xageRkamenH ³ - Linear : eBlebIk / eFVIeGaykMNat;TaMgGs;enAkñúg Spline fμIkøayCabnÞat;Rtg; tamry³kar eRbIR)as;elI Corner Vertices . eBlEdlbiTelI Linear, ExSrbBaÆrEdlFøab;begáItCa Spline fμIenaHKWCa RbePT Smooth . - Bind First ³ eFVIeGaykMBUlEdl)anbegáItdMbUgenAkñúgkic©Rbtibtþi Refreshment køayCaRBM CMuvij cMnuckNþalEdl)an Select ehIy . - Closed : eBlEdlebIk / P¢ab;ExSbBaÆrdMbUgnigcugeRkayeTAkan; Spline fμIEdlbegáItCa Spline biTCitmYy . eBlEdl Closed biT/ Connect EtgEtbegáIt)anCa Spline manlkçN³ebIk . - Bind Last : eFIVeGaykMBUlEdl)anbegáItcugeRkayenAkñúgkic©Rbtibtþi Refreshment køayCaRBM CMuvijcMnuckNþalénkMNat;Edl)an Select ehIy . - Weld ¬pSarP¢ab;¦ ³ bMElgcugénExSbBaÆrBIr b¤ ExSbBaÆrBIrEdlenACitKña enAkñúg Spline EtmYy / eTACakMBUlmYy . rMkilcugExSrbBaÆrTaMgBIr b¤ ExSrbBaÆrenACitKñaenaHedayxiteTACitKña Select elIExSr bBaÆrTaMgBIr bnÞab;mk Click elI Weld . RbsinebIExSbBaÆrTaMgBIrsßitenAkñúgcMgayNamYyEdlkMnt;eday Weld Threshold Spinner ¬eTAkan;EpñμksþaMénb‘Utug¦ enaHBYkvanigbMElgeTACakMBUlEtmYy . GñkGacP¢ab; kar Select EdlkMnt;elIExSbBaÆr / d¾rabNaKúrnImYy²rbs;ExSbBaÆrsßitenAkñúg Threshold ¬TabbMput nig x<s;bMput ¦ . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 99

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Connect : P©ab;cugénExSbBaÆrBIrNark¾)an/ CalT§plKWeyIg)ankMnt;manlkçN³Ca Linear mYy . edaykarminTak;Tg; nig tMélénbnÞat;b:Hrbs;cugExSbBaÆrenaH . Click elIb‘Utug Connect / cg¥úl Mouse enABIelI nig bEnßmkMBUlrhUtdl; Cursor ERbeTACaragkak)aTbnÞab;mkGUs Mouse BIcMnuccugénkMBUlmYy eTot . - Insert : Insert ExSrbBaÆrmYy b£ eRcIn / begáItnUvkarbEnßmcMnYnkMNt; . Click elIkEnøgNak¾)an enAkñúgkMNat;mYy edIm,I Insert kMBUlmYy nig tP¢ab; Mouse enA Spline . bnÞab;mkeRCIserIselIkarrMkil Mouse nig Click edIm,Idak;TIkEnøgrbs;kMBUlfμI . bnþkarkMrilelI Mouse ehIy Click bEnßmExSrbBaÆr . kar Click EtmYynaMeGay Insert )anCa Corner Vertex mYy kñúgeBlEdlGUs Mouse begáIt)anCa Bezier ¬relag¦ Vertex mYy . Click Mouse sþaMedIm,IbMeBjkic©RbtibtþikarenH nigRBElg Mouse mkvij . enAcMnucenH GñkkMBug sßitenAkñúg Insert Mode enAeLIyehIyGaccab;epþImkar Insert ExSbBaÆrenAkñúgkMNat;epSgeTot . ebImindUecñJeT / Click elI Mouse sþaMmþgeTot b¤ Click elI Insert edIm,IecjBI Insert Mode . - Make First : kMNt;elIkMBUlNamYy enAkñúgrUbragEdl)an Select ehIy eGayeTACakMBUlTImYy . kMBUlTImYyrbs; Spline KWbgðajR)ab;manlkçN³dUcCakMBUlmYynigmanRbGb;tUcmYyenACMuvijva . select kMBUlmYyelI Spline EdlenAkñúgrUbragEdleTIbEt Edit ehIyEdlGñkcg;pøas;bþÚr ehIy Click elIb‘Utug Make First . enAelI Spline EdlebIk / kMBUlTImYyRtUvEtCacMnuccugEdlminTan;)anenACitkMBUlTImYy . enAelI Spline EdlbitCit vaGacCacMnuccugNak¾edayEdlminTan;køayCakMBUlTImYy . Click elIb‘Utug Make First ehIyExSrbBaÆrTImYynigRtUverobcM . kMBYUlTImYyenAelI Spline mYymansar³sMxan;BiessmYy . taragxageRkamenHkMnt;niymn½yBIviFI eRbIR)as;kMBUlTImYy . - Fuse ¬rYmKña¦ ³ kMritExSrbBaÆrEdl)an Select TaMgGs;eTAkan;mFümPaKéncMnuckNaþl . Fuse mansar³sMxan;sMrab;eFVIeGayExSrbBaÆrTaMgGs;rYmKña eBlEdlksag Spline Network mYysMrab;eRbIR)asÇamYynig Surface Modifier . + Note : Fuse mincUlrYmkñúgExSbBaÆreT vaRKan;EtrMkilBYkvaeTAkan;TItaMgEtmYy . ExSrbBaÆrbIEdl)an Select ¬eqVg¦/ ExSbBaÆrEdlrYmKña ¬sþaM¦ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 100

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Cycle : Select elIExSrbBaÆrEdlsMercrYmKñaTaMgGs; . Select ExSrbBaÆrmYykñúgcMeNam BIr rWeRcInCagenH EdlrMElkTItaMgCak;lak;dUcKñaenAkñúgépÞ 3D, ehIy Click elI Cycle mþgeTotrhutTal;Et kMBUlEdlGñkcg;)anRtUv Select Edr . Cycle mansar³RbeyaCn¾sMrab;kMnt;elIkar Select eGayc,as;BIRkummYyénkarrYmKñarbs;ExSrbBaÆr enAkñúgépÞRbsBV rbs; Spline, eBlEdlksag Spline Network sMrab;eRbIR)as;CamYy Surface Modifier . - Tip : emIlelI Info Display EdlenAxageRkamén Selection rollout edIm,IeXIjkMBUlmYyNaEdl )an Select . - Cross insert : bEnßmExSrbBaÆreTA Splines BIEdlCakmμsiT§irbsvtßúEtmYyenAkñúgépÞRbsBV rbs; BYkva . Click elI Cross Insert ehIy Click elIcMnucénépÞRbsBVenAcenøaH Splines BIr . RbsinebIcMgay enAcenøaHsßitenAkñúgtMélÉktamYyEdlkMnt;eday Cross Insert threshold spinner ¬eTAEpñkxageqVgb‘Utug¦ ExSrbBaÆrTaMgLayRtUvbEnßmeTA Splines TaMgBIr . GñkGacbnþkareRbIelI Cross Insert eday Click elIépÞRbsBV én Splines xus²Kña . edIm,IbBa©b; / RtUv Click Mouse sþaMenAkñúg View Port EdlkMBugdMenIrkar b¤ Click elIbU‘tug Cross Insert mþgeTot . Cross Insert manGtßRbeyaCn¾sMrab;begáItExSrbBaÆrénépÞRbsBVrbs; Spline eBlEdlksag Spline Network sMrab;eRbIR)as;CamYynig Modifier Surface . + Note : Cross Insert minP¢ab; Spline BIreT b:uEnþvaRKan;EtbEnßmExSrbBaÆrenATIkEnøgNaEdlvakat; Kña b£ RbsBVKña . - Fillet : GnuBaØatieGayGñkeFVIeGayRCugmanragmUl KWenAkEnøgEdlkMNat;CYmKañ / bEnßmkar RtYtBinitüelIWExSbBaÆrfμI . GñkGac Apply T§iBlénRbsiT§iPaBenH ¬eGaykarGUsExSrbBaÆr¦ b¤karsMrab;elx ¬eRbIR)as; Fillet spinner¦ . Click elIb‘Utug Fillet bnÞab;mkGUsExSrbBaÆrenAkñúgvt§úEdl manskmμPaB . Fillet Spinner manlkçN³ Updates edIm,Icg¥úbgðajBIcMnYnénRCugbBaäitEdlGñkGUs . ctuekaNEkgedIm ¬eqVg¦/ bnÞab;BI Apply Fillet ehIy ¬elIxagsþaM¦ nigbnÞabBi Apply Chamfer ehIy ¬eRkamxagsþaM ¦ . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 101

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Fillet Amount ³ sMrbsMrYlelI Spinner enH ¬eTAEpñkxagsþaMénb‘Utugrbs; Fillet¦ edIm,I Apply RbsiT§iPaBén Fillet eTAExSbBaÆrEdl)an Select ehIy . - Chamfer : GnuBaØatieGayGñkkatl;RCugeTénRCugrbs;rUbrag edayeRbIR)as;nUvmuxgar Chamfer . GñkGac Apply T§iBlrbs;RbsiT§iPaB ¬edaykarGUsExSrbBaÆr¦ b¤ karrab;elx ¬eRbIR)as;nUv Chamfer Spinner¦ . Click elIb‘Utug Chamfer bnÞab;mkGUsExSrbBaÆrnUvkñúgvtßúEdlmanskmμPaB . Chamfer Spinner manlkçN³ Updates edIm,Icg¥úlbgðajBIcMnucrbs; Chamfer EdlGñkGUs . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 102

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Chamfer Amount : sMrbsMrYlelI Spinner enH ¬eTAEpñkxagsþaMénb‘Utugrbs; Chamfer¦ edIm,I apply RbsiT§iPaBén Chamfer eTAExSrbBaÆrEdl)an Select ehIy . - Hide ¬lak;¦ ³ lak;nUvExSrbBaÆrEdl)an select nig kMNat;Edl)anP¢ab;KñaTaMgLay . select elI ExSbBaÆrmYy b¤ eRcIn ehIy Click elI Hide . - Unhide All : bgðajBI Sub-object Edlminlak;TaMgLay . - Bind ¬rMu¦ ³ GnuBaØatieGayGñkbegáItnUvRBMrbs;ExSrbBaÆr . - Unbind : GnuBaØatieGayGñkpþac;ecjnUvrbs;ExSbBaÆrecjBIkMNat;mYyNaEdlvaP¢ab;Kña . Select elIRBMrbs;ExSrbBaÆrmYyb¤eRcIn ehIy Click elIb‘Utug Unbind . - Delete ¬lub¦ ³ lubelIkMBUlEdl)an Select rW ExSbBaÆr/ tambeNþayCamYykMNat;EdltP¢ab; mYykñúgrvag Vertex Edl)anlb; . Display Group eBlebIkelIenH / kMNat;Edl)an Select Nak¾eday KWman Highlighted - Show Selected Segs : BN’RkhmenAkñúgkMrit Vertex sub-object Level . eBlEdlbiT ¬the default ), kMNat;Edl Select ehIy man Highlighted EtenAkñúgkMrit Segment sub-object Level . rUbsNæanenHmanGtßRbeyaCn¾sMrab;kar eRbobeFob karsμúKsμajénkMeNagEdlRbqaMgnwgKña . Editable Spline ( Segment ) . Select elI Spline EdlGac Edit )an Modify Panel BRgWk Spline enaHeTAkñúg Stack Display Segment sub-object Level RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 103

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC . Select Spline EdlGac Edit )an Modify Panel Selection rollout Segment button - Delete : lubkMNat;Edl)an Select enAkñúgrUbrag . - Divide : EbgEckbnþnUvkMNat;Edl)an Select rW kMNat;edaykarbEnßmcMnYnénExSbBaÆrEdlkMnt; eday Spinner . Select elI kMNat;mYyb¤eRcIn erobcM Division Spinner ¬EpñkxagsþaMb‘Utug¦ bnÞab;mk Click elI Divide . Segments Edl)an Select nImYy²KWRtUv)anEbgEckedaycMnYnénExS bBaÆrEdl)ankMnt;enAkñúg Division Spinner . cMgayrvagExSbBaÆrTaMgLayGaRs½yedayTMnak;TMngCamYy kMeNagénkMNat; / CamYynigtMbn;énkMeNag kan;EtFMKWTTYlExSbBaÆrkanEteRcIn . - Detach ¬Ejk¦ ³ GnuBaØatieGayGñk Select kMNat;CaeRcInenAkñúg Spline epSg²Kña bnÞab;mk EjkBYkva ¬b£ Copy BYkva¦ eTAkan;TMrg;én Spline fμImYy . mankareRCIserIsbIEdlGaceGayeyIgyk)an ³ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 104

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm nig Spline EdlEjkecjehIy Spline - Same Shp : (Same Shape) : EBlEdlebIkelIenH/ Reorient minGacdMeNIrkar)aneT ehIykarRbtibtþi elI Detach rkSanUvkMNat;Edl)anEjkecjdUc)CaEpñkrbs;rUbrag ¬manlkçN³CaCagkar begáItrUbragfμI ¦ RbsinebI Copy ebIkEdrenaH / GñkbBa©b;CamYynig Copy Edl)anEjkénkMNat;EdlenAkñúg TItaMgdUcKña . - Reorient : Copy énkMNat;Edl)anEjkehIy manTItaMgnigkarbgðajpøÚvCaRbPBénvtßúEdl begáItkñúgRbB½n§ Local Coordinate . vtßúfμIEdl)anEjkecjrMkil nig bgVilpgEdr dUcenHRbB½n§ Local Coordinate manTItaMgnigRtUv)antMrwmCamYyniglkçN³edImén Grid fμI²EdlmanskmμPaB . - Copy : Copy : kMNat;Edl)anEjkecjCaCagkarrMkilva . Display Group : eBlEdlebIk/ kMNat;Edl)an Select Nak¾edayKåman Highlight - Show Selected segs : BN’RkhmenAkMrit Vertex sub-object level eBlEdlbiT ( The Default ) kMNat;Edl)an Select Nak¾ edayKWman highlight BN’RkhmETenAkñúg Segment sub-object level b:ueNÑaH . rUbsNaæanenHmansar³sMxan;sMrab;eRbobeFob PaBsμúKsμajénkMeNagEdlmanlkçN³RbqaMg nig Kña . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 105

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Editable Spline (Spline) . Select Spline EdlGac Edit )an Modify Panel BRgIk Spline enaHeTAkñúg Stack display Spline sub-object level EdlGac Edit )an Modify Panel Selection rollout Spline Button . Select Spline kñúgxN³EdlenAkñúgkMrit Editable Spline (spline) level, GñkGac Select Spline EtmYyrWeRcInEdl enAkñúg Spline object EtmYyehIyrMkil / bgVil/ nig kMnt;maRtdæanBYkvaedayeRbIR)astamviFIsaRsþKMrU . - Insert : Insert ExSbBaÆrmYyrWeRcInbegáItkarbEnßmelIkMNat; . - Reverse ¬bRBa©as¦ ³ bRBa©asTisedAén Spline Edl)an Select ehIy. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 106

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Outline : eFVIeGay)anCa Copy mYyén Spline offset BIcMehogTaMgGs;eTAtamcMgayEdl)an kMnt;mYy eday Outline width Spinner select spline mYyb¤eRcIn bnÞab;mksMrbsMrYlTItaMgénclnarbs; Outline CamYynig Spinner/ b¤ Click elI Outline ehIy GUselI Spline mYy RbsiebI Spline manlkçN³ ebIk/ CalT§pl Spline nig Outline rbs;vanigbegáIt)anCa Spline biTCitmYy . - Center : eBlEdlbiT ( Default ) Spline edImmanlkçN³enAnwgehIy Outline va Offset EtenA cehogmçagb:ueNÑaHeTAcMgayEdl)ankMnt;eday Outline Width . eBlEdl Center ebIk / Spline edIm nig Outline rMkilecjbnÞat;kNþalEdlmanlkçN³emIlmineXIj eTAkan;cMgaymYyEdl)ankMnt;eday Outline Width . - Boolean : bBa©ÚlKñarvag Polygon biTCitBIr edaybgðajecjCakic©Rbtibtþi 2D Boolean ehIyEdlbMElg Spline TImYyEdlGñk Select niglb;ecalnUv Spline TIBIr . Select Spline TImYy ehIy Click elIb‘Utug Boolean nigkic©RbtibtþiEdlcg;)an bnÞab;mk Select elI Spline TIBIr . eFVIkar)anEtenAelI 2D Spline b:ueNaÑH EdlenAkñúgépÞrabdUcKña . + Note : 2D Boolean Boolean mankarRbtibtþibI KW ³ - Union : bBa©Úl Spline BIEdlenACan;BIelIKñaeTACa Spline EtmYy / kñúgEpñkénPaBenACan;Kña RtUv ykecj . edayTukecalnUvEpñkEdlenABIelIKña én Spline BI eGaydUcCa Spline mYy . - Subtraction ¬karykecj¦ ³ ykecjénEpñkEdlenABIelIKñarbs; Spline TIBIr cab;BI Spline TImYy / ehIylb;GVIEdlenAnig Spline TaMgBIr . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 107

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Intersection : TukecalcMeBaHEtépñkEdlenABIelIKñaEtb:ueNÑaH lubecalEpñkEdlminenABIelIKña ecjBITaMgBIrenaH . Splines edIm ¬eqVg¦/ Boolean Union . Boolean Subtraction, nig Boolean Intersection, Respectively - Mirror ¬kBa©k;¦ ³ Mirrors elI Spline tamry³beNaþy/ TTwg b¤ RCugbeBaäógKña . Click TisedA EdlGñkcg; Mirror dMbUg dUcenHvamanskmμPaBeLIg bnÞab;mk Click elIBakü Mirror . - Copy : eBlEdl)an Select ehIy/ Copy elIvaCaCagrMkil Spline Edl)an Mirror ehIy . - About Pivot: eBlEdlebIk Mirror Spline enACMuvijcMnucsñÚlrbs;vtßú. eBlEdlbiT/ Mirror Spline enACMuvijcMnuckNþalén Goometry rbs;va. - Trim: eRbIR)as;Trim ¬tMrwm¦ edIm,CMrHecjnUvkMNat;EdlenABIelIKñaenAkñúgrUbragmYy dUcenH cMnuc cugTaMgLayCYbKñaenAcMnucEtmYy. - Extend: eRbIR)as; Extend edIm,ICMrHecjnUvkMNat;EdlmanlkçN³ebIkenAkñúgrUbragmYy dUcenHcMnuc cugTaMgLayCYbKña enAcMnucEtmYy. - Infinite Endpoints: sMrab;bMNgénkarriHKitrképÞRbsBVebIkelIenHedIm,IeFVIcMeBaHSpline Edlman lkçN³ebIk dUcCakarminkMNt;RbEvgbeNþay.]TahrN¾/ TaMgenHGnuBaØatieGayGñktMrwm Spline manlkçN³ CalIwenEG‘rmYy EdlRbqaMgeTAnigkarvatecjénRbEvgbeNþarbs;bnÞat;déT eTot EdlvaminEmn CaépÞ RbsBV BitR)akd eT. - Hide ¬lak;¦: lak; Spline Edl)an select ehIy/ Select Spline/ mYyrWeRcInCagenH bnÞab;mk Click elI Hide. - Unhide All: bgðajBI Sub – Object TaMgLayEdlmin)anlak;. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 108

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC lubelI Spline Edl)an Select ehIy. - Delete: - Close: Close elI Spline Edl)an Select ehIy edaykarrYmbBa©ÚlcMnuccugénExSrbBaÄrCa mYynig kMNat;fμI . - Detach : Copy spline Edl)an Select ehIy eGayeTACavtßúfμImYy ehIylubBYkvacab;BI spline Edl eTIbnig Select ehIyfμI²RbsinebI Copy manlkçN³ Clear. - Copy : eBlEdl)an Select ehIy/ Copy CaCagrMkil Spline edayvaRtUv)anEjkecj. - Reorient: Spline Edl)anTTYlkarEjkecj KW)anrMkilnig)anbgVil dUcenHkarbegáItRbB½n§karsMrb sMrYlpÞal;rbs;va KWRtUv)antMrwmCamYynigkarbegáItRbB½n§sMrbsMrYlpÞal;én Spline Edl)an Select. - Explode: bMEbknUv Spline Edl)an Select TaMgLaytamry³karbMEngkMNat;nimYy²eTACa Spline b¤vtßúdac;ecjBIKña. enHKWCaeBlsMrab;snSM (Time-saving) mantMélesμIKñaénkareRbIR)as; Detach enAelIkMNat;nimYy²enAkñúg Spline edayC½yCMn³. edIm,IbegáItrUbPaBbg¥ÜcBN’eday Edit Spline 1 - eRbIelI Commands Rectangle CamYy Front view port nigdak;rUbCaragctuekaNEkg 2 - Select Modify enAkñúgCYredIm,I Modify ragctuekaNEkgmYy 3 - Select Edit Spline 4- ebIkelI Sub-Object ehIy Select elI Vertex 5 - Select kMBYlbYnenAkñúgRCugEkgénmMunImYy²rbs;ctuekaNEkg 6 - eRbIR)as; Chamfer CamYyelIRCugEkgmYyénkMBYlehIy Apply Chamfer 7 - RbsinebI Apply Chamfer eTAkMBUlehIy/ kMBUlnigbEnßmeLIgdUcenAkñúgrUb. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 109

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC én Sub-Object 8 - Select Spline 9 - kar Select mYyeFVIeGay)anragctuekaNEkgEdl)an Apply chamfer 10 - BinitüelI Outline enAkñúgCYredIm,IeGay outline 11 - kar Click mYyeFVIeGay)an Extrude nigeGaykMras;eTAvtßú 12 - TMhMRtUvvayenAkñúg Amount nigkMras;énvtßúEdl)ankMNt; 13 - vtßúEdlmanRbehagmYy RtUv)aneFVIeGayqøúHdUckñúgrUb edaykar Apply chamfer Edl)an begáIteLIg. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 110

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC vtßúmYyenAkñúgCYredIm,I Copy vtßú 14 - Select 15 - kar Click mYy eFVIeGayb‘Utug Array tMerobvtßúenAkñúglMdab;lMedayedIm,I Copy vtßú. 16 - vtßúnimYy²enAkñúgG½kS X / Y / Z manTisedAeTATIkEnøgmYyedIm,IkMNt;karbiTelIKñasMrab;kar Move ecjG½kSNaEdleFVIedayKMrUCamYynigvtßúEdl Array )ankMNt;erobcMvaTuk/ ehIyk¾Gac Copy vtßúmYy Edr . TMhMRtUvvaybBa©ÚlkñúgG½kS X enAkñúgCYredIm,I copy G½kS X EdltMrg;enATIenH. Copy va dUcenHvtßúenA BIelIKñamanlkçN³dUcrUbTI 14. 17 - cMnYn 7 énvtßúEdl)an Copy Rtv)ankMNt;Tuk. 18 - Select vtßúEdl)an Copy TaMgGs; edayebIkelITisedAG½kS X 19 - TMhMRtUvvaybBa©ÚlkñúgG½kS Y enAkñúgCYr edIm,ITTYlnUvplsMercrbs; Array CamYyvtßúEdl)an Select TaMg & enAkñúgTisedAG½kS Y . 20 - vtßúEdl)an Copy mYycMnYn RtUv)ankMNt;Tuk. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 111

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC KUrRbGb;mYy dUcenHvtßúTaMgGs;Edl)an Copy TaMgGs;enAkñúgEpñkxageRkayénvtßúEdl)an Copy 21 - RtUvbBa©ÚlKñaEdr. 22 - Select Zoom Region enAkñúg View port Controller 23 - kar Click mYyelIpøÚvExVgénrageBRC Edlmanmuxkat;RCugragctuekaNEkgenAkñúg Front view port enAkñúgrUb 23. 24 - enHKWCakarBRgIkrUbsNæanenAcMnucRCugrbs;ctuekaNEkg. 25 - KUrrageBRC edayeRbIR)as; Command Line ehIyeGayrageBRCenaHsßitenATItaMgcenøaH énrag karerEdlbegáItmunvtßúnigRbGb;. 26 - enAkñúg View port xagelI/ 21 KWCaRbGb;/ 25 KWCarageBRC nig 26 KWCaragctuekaNEkg. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 112

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3. EDIT MESHS > begáIt b¤ Select vtßúmYy Modify panel Modifier List Mesh Editing Edit Mesh > begáIt b¤ Select vtßúmYy Modifier Menu Mesh Editing Edit Mesh Edit Mesh Modifier pþl;eGaynUv]bkrN_ Edit Edlc,as;las;sMrab;kMrit Sub-Object level xus² Kñarbs;vtßúEdl)an Select ehIydUcCa³ kMBUl/ RCug nig épÞmux¼Polygon¼Fatu. Edit Mesh Modifier s½kásmeTAnigsmtßPaBTaMgGs;énRKiHrbs;vtßú Edit Mesh/ elIkElgEtGñkmiGaceFVIEGay Sub-object manclnaenAkñúg Edit Mesh . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 113

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC pþl;eGaynUvb‘UtugCaeRcInsMrab;ebIknigbiTelIkMrit Sub-Object level xus²Kña/ eFVIkar Select rollout CamYykar Select elIeQμaHnigRtecok/ bgðajkarerobcM/ nigBt’manGMBIGgÁPaBEdl)an Select TaMg Lay. Click elIb‘UtugTIenHKWdUcnigkar Select elIRbePT Sub-Object enAkñúgkarbgðj Modifier Stack Edl . Click elIb‘UtugenaHmþgeTotedIm,IbiTvanigRtlb;eTAkMrit Object Selection vij. Vertex : ebIkelIkMrit Vertex sub-object level, EdlGnuBaØatiþeGayGñk Select kMBUlmYy enAeRkam Cursor, kñúgtMbn;Edlmankar Select, Select elIExSrbBaÄrmYyenAkñúgbMbn;enaH. Edge : ebIkelIkMrit Edge sub-object level, EdlGnuBaØatþieGayGñk Select épÞmux b¤ RCugén Polygon EdlenAeRkam Cursor, enAkñúgtMbn;Edlmankar Select, Select elIRCugCaeRcInEdlenAkñúg tMbn;enaH. eBlEdlebIkelIkMrit Edge sub-object level, RCugEdllak;TaMgLay bgðajecjmkCabnÞat;man lkçN³dac;² EdlGnuBaØatþisMrab;kar select kan;Etc,as;las;. Face : ebIkelIkMrit Face sub-object level, EdlGnuBaØatþieGayGñk Select épÞmuxrag RtIekaNxageRkam Cursor, tMbn;Edlmankar Select, Select elIépÞmuxragRtIekaNCaeRcInEdlenAkñúgtMbn; enaH. Polygon : ebIkelIkMrit Polygon sub-object level/ EdlGnuBaØatieGayGñk Select elIépÞmux Coplanar ¬kMnt;edaytMélenAkñúg Plannar Threshold Spinner¦ EdlenAxageRkam Cursor . CaFmμta Polygon mYyKWmanlkçN³CatMbn;mYyEdlGñkGacemIleXIjenAkñúgExSrtamRCugEdlGacemIl eXIj . tMbn;Edlmankar Select , Select elI Polygon CaeRcInEdlenAkñúgtMbn;enaH . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 114

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC ebIlelIkMrit Element Sub-object level, EdlGnuBaØatieGayGñk Select Element : elIépÞmuxEdlCitsñitenAkñúgvtßúmYy . tMbn;Edlmankar Select GnuBaØatieGayGñk Select elIFatuCaeRcIn . - By Vertex : eBlGñk Click elIkMBUlmYy/ RCug b¤ épÞmuxNak¾edayEdleRbIR)as;kMBUlenaH / GaRs½yelIkMritfμI² én Sub-object Level Edl)an Select . k¾dUcKñanigkareFVIkarCamYynig Region Select Edr . - Ignore Back facing : eBlebIkelIva/ kar Select én Sub-object KW Select Et Sub-object NaEdlemIleXIjFmμtaenAkñúg View Port b:UeNÑaH . eBlbiTelIenaH ( Default ) kar Select KWrYmbBa©ÚlnUv ral; Sub-oject TaMgGs;edayminb:HBal;elIRbRktIPaBrbs;va . - Ignore Visible Edges : vamantMeNIrkareTA)aneBlEdlvIFIsaRsþénkar Select énépÞmuxrbs; Polygon RtUv)aneRCIserIs . eBlEdlbiT ( Default ) ehIyGñkehIyGñk Click elIépÞmuxmYy / kar Select nigminenAxageRkaménRCugEdlemIleXIjeT ebIeTaHCaGñkerobcMelI Planar Thresh Spinner y:aygNak¾ eday . eBlebIkelIva / kar Select elIépÞmuxminmankarrvl;elIRCugEdlemIleXIjeLIy/ eRbIR)as;karerob cM elI Planar Thresh Spinner CakarnaMpøÚv . - Planar Thresh : ( Planar Threshold ) : kMnt;tMélrbs; Threshold EdlkMnt;épÞmuxNaEdlman lkçN³ Coplanar sMrab;kar Select elIépÞmuxrbs; Polygon . - Show Normals : eBlebIkelIenH / kmμviFIbgðajBIPaBFmμtaenAkñúg View ports . PaBFmμta TaMgLaybgðajedaybnÞat;BN’exov . - Scale : kMnt;TMhMénkarbgðajPaBFmμtaenAkñúg View Port eBlEdlebIkelI Show . - Hide : lak; Sub-object TaMgLayEdl)an Select . RCugnigvtßúTaMmUlminGaclak;)aneT . - Unhide All : eFVIeGayvtßúEdl)anlak;TaMgGs;Rtlb;CaemIleXIjvij . ExSrbBaÆrEdl)anlak; Gaclak;)anEteBlEdlenAkñúgkMrit Sub-object level b:ueNÑaH . Named Selections - Copy : dak;TItaMnUveQμaHEdl)an Select eTACakar Copy Buffer - Paste : Pastes eQμaHEdl)an Select BIkar Copy Buffer Edit Mesh ( Vertex ) - Vertexes are points in space ¬ExSrbBaÆrmanlkçN³CacMnucenAkñúgépÞ¦ BYkvakMnt;BIniymn½y rbs;eRKagénépÞmux . eBlEdlExSbBaÆrRtUv)anrMkil b¤ Edit/ épÞmuxrbs;BYkvak¾b:HBal;tamenaHEdr . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 115

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC ExSrbBaÆrk¾GacenAmanPaBedImeday ÉkraCÜüPaB / dUcCakarEjkExSrbBaÆrecjBIKñaGacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,I kasagépÞmux b:uEnþebImindUecñHeTvamnalkçN³emIlmineXIjeBlEdleyIgkMBug Render . - Vertex : GnuBaØatieGayGñkbEnßmExSrbBaÆeTACavtßúEtmYyEtmanPaBbnSIKña nig)an Select ehIy . - Delete : lubExSrbBaÆrEdl)an Select ehIynigépÞmuxTaMgLayNaEdlmanlkçN³tPa¢b;Kña . - Attach : tP¢ab;vtßúepSgeTotEdlenAkñúgpÞaMgrUbeGayeTACaPaBbnSIKña . GñkGacP¢ab;vtßúRKb;RbePT )an / rYbbBa©Úlnig Splines / bMEnkénvtßú / nigépÞmux NURBS . - Detach : EjkExSrbBaÆrEdl)an Select TaMgGs; nigépÞmuxEdl)anP¢ab;KñaTMagGs;eGayeTACavtßú b¤ Fatudac;ecjBIKña . - Break : begáIteGay)ankMBUlfμIsMrab;épÞmuxEdl)anP¢ab;ehIynImYy²eTACaéxSrbBaÆrEdlRtUv Select / GnuBaØatieGayépÞmuxRCugrMkil)anecjBIKñaEdlCaTIEdlvarYmKñaenAkMBUledIm . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 116

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RbsinebIkMBUlRtUv)anEjkecjBIKña rW eRbIenAEtelIépÞmuxmYy KWminmankarb:HBal;eT . - Chamfer : Click elIb‘UtugenH / ehIyGUsExSrbBaÆrenAkñúgvtßúEdlmanskmμPaB . The Chamfer Amount Spinner manlkçN³ Update eTACakacg¥úlbgðajBIcMnYn Chamfer EdlGñkGUs . - Chamfer Amount : sMrbsMrYlelI Spinner enH ¬eTAEpñkxagsþaMénb‘Utug Chamfer¦ edIm,I Apply RbsiT§iPaBén Chamfer eTAExSrbBaÆrEdl)an Select . - Selected : pSarP¢ab;ExSbBaÆrEdl)an Select ehIyEdlbeNþaytamkarkMnt;enAkñúg Wild Threshold Spinner ¬enAépñkxagsþaMénb‘Utug ¦ . kMNat;bnÞat;TaMgGs;ERbCakarP¢ab;eTAniglT§plénkMBUl mYy . - Target ¬muxsBaØa¦ ³ vaybBa©ÚlenA Wild Mode / EdlGnuBaØatieGayGñk Select ExSrbBaÆr nig rMkilvaCMuvij . kñúgeBlEdlkMBugrMkil Cursor k¾ERbeTACa Move Cursor dUctamFmμta / bu:EnþeBlEdlGñk dak;TItaMg Cursor enABIelIExSrbBaÄrEdlmin)an Select enaH Cursor k¾køayeTACa rag + vij . RBElg Mouse enAcMnucenaHedIm,IpSarP¢ab;ExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select TaMgGs;eTACamuxsBaØaénkMBUlEdlvadak;cUl . - Emove Isolated Vertices : lubExSrbBaÄrEdl)anEjkecjBIKñaenAkñúgvtßú / edayminb:HBal;elI kareTIbEt Select fμI²eT . - View Align : tMrwmExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select eTACaépÞrabenAkñúg View Port EdlmanskmμPaB . kñúgkrNIEdlGkçraviruT§kñúg View Port mankarb:HBal;dUcKñanigkartMrwmelI Grid énsMNg; eBlEdl Home Grid manskmμPaB . eBlEdlkartMrwmenAkñúg Perspective View Port / ¬rYmCamYykaemra: nig ExSrEPñkén BnøW ¦ ExSrbBaÄrmanlkçN³tMrg;eTAxagNamYymþgeTot eTAkrtMrwmeTACaépÞrabmYyEdlRsbeTAnigépÞrab EdlCaExSrEPñkrbs;kaemra: . (Perspictive View Port manépÞrabCakaremra:EdlemIlmineXIj ¦ . kñúgkrNITaMgenH kar Select elIExSrbBaÄrmin)anERbeTACaGVIeTRKan;EtbgVilb:ueNÑaH . - Grid Align : Align ExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select eTAépÞrabEdleTIbnigksag . épÞrabEdleTIbnig sg; RtUv)ankMnt;eday View Port EdlmanskmμPaBenAkñúgkrNIrbs; Home Grid . eBlEdleKeRbIelI Grid Object mYy / épÞrabEdleTIbegáItfμIKWCa Grid Object EdlmaskmμPaBenaH . - Make Planar : bgçMeGayExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select TaMgGs;køayCa Coplanar . PaBFmμtaénépÞ rabKWCamFümPaKénépÞmuxFmμtaTaMgGs;Edl)antP¢ab;eTAnigExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select . - Collapse : Rtlb;ExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select eGayeTACamFümPaKénkMBUlmYy . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 117

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC karRtYtBinitüenHGnuBaØatieGayGñkerobcMelITTwg nig BN’sMrab;ExSrbBaÄr . - Weight : KWCakarbgðajnigGnuBaØatieGayGñkpøas;bþÚrTTwgénkMBUlsMrab;RbtibtþikarN¾ NURMS Edit Vertex Colors Group eRbIR)as;karRtYtBinitüTaMenHedIm,IkMnt;tMélBN’ / kardak;ePøIgbMPøW ¬Rsemal¦ nig Gal;haV ¬tMmøaPaB¦ énExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select . - Color : Click elI edIm,Ipøas;bþúÚrBN’énExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select . - Illumination ¬kardak;ePøWg ¦ ³ Click elI …… kardak;BnøWénBN’elIExSrbBaÄrEdl)an Select . lkçN³TaMgenHGnuBaØtieGayGñkbþÚrBnøWePøWgénkMBUl mYyedaymin)ac;pøas;bþÚrBN’rbs;kMBUlenaHeT . - Alpha : GnuBaØatieGayGñkkMnt;tMélénGal;hVa ¬tmøPaB¦ eTAWExSrbBaÄeEdl)an Select . tMélén Spinner manlkçN³CaPaKry / tMélsUnüKWCatmøaPaBeBjeljehIy 100 KWmanlkçN³ RsGab;eBjeljEdlBnøWecjcUlmin)an . Select Vertices By Group e b‘Utug Color and Illumination Radio : b‘UtugTaMgenHkMnt;kar Select elIExSrbBaÄrNak¾eday tamry³ - tMélBN’énkMBUl b¤ tMélénkardak;BN’ b¤ BnøåénkMBUl . - Color Swatch : bgðajBI Color Selector / EdlGñkGackMnt;BN’kñúgkardak; . - Select : GaRs½yelIb‘Utug Radio NamYyEdl)an Select, Select elIExSrbBaÄrTaMgGs; EdlBN’én kMBUl nig tMélelxénkardak;BnøWrbs;BYkvadUcKñaebHbiTnig Color Swatch b¤enAkñúgCYrEdlkMnt;eday RGB Spinner . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 118

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Range : kMnt;CYrmYysMrab;kardak;BN’ . tMélénBN’ RGBTaMgbIEdlenAkñúgBN’énkMBUl b¤ kardak;BnøW RtUvEtdUcKña b¤ RtUvKña nig BN’EdlkMnt;eday Color Swatch enAkñúg Select By Vertex Color b¤enAkñúgtMél bUk b¤ dk kñúg Range Spinner . Default = 10 - Use Soft Selection : TTYlplb:HBal;elIskmμPaBén Move, Rotate nig Scale Function EdlenAkñúgvtßúEdlGac Edit )an b¤ k¾ Edit Modifier ehIyskmμPaBénjkarERbRbYleFVIeGayxUcRTg;RTay RtUv Apply eTAvtßú RbsinebIBYkvaeFVIkarenAkñúg Sub-object Selection . - Edge Distance : karerobcMelI Spinner kMnt;RBMedlénkarb:HedaycMnYnrbs;RCugEdlenAcenøaHkar Select nwgExSrbBaÄrEdlTTYlkarb:HBal; . tMbn;EdlTTYlkarb:HBal;RtUv)anvas;RbEvgenAkñúgRkumén “edge-distance”/ tamépÞmuxrbs;va / CaCagvas;elI Space BitR)akd . - Affect Beck Facing : eBlebIkelIenH / edaHkar select BI Sub-objects EdlmanlkçN³Fmμta ¬b¤enAkñúgkrNICaExSrbBaÄr b¤ RCug / lkçN³PaBénépÞmuxeTAkan;GVImYyEdlvatP¢ab; ¦ TaMgGs;enHenAcMTl;mux nwg FmümPaKFmμtaén Sub-object Edl)an Select ehIyEdlTTYlT§iBleday Soft Selection . biT Affect Beck Facing eBlEdlGñkcg;bþÚrépÞmuxvtßúesþIgmYy / dUcCaRbGb;esþIg / b:uEnþ mincg;TTYlplb:HBal;énépÞmuxelIcMehogd¾éTeTotrbs;vtßúeLIy . - Fall off : cMgayenAkñúgÉktacab;BIcMnuckNþaleTAkan;RCugénEsVrmYyKWkMnt;niymn½yBItMbn;Edl TTYlplb:HBal; . eRbIkarkMnt;elItMél Fall Off kan;Etx<s;edIm,ITTYl)anCMralkan;Etx<s;bnþicmþg² / GaRs½yelImaRtdæanén Geometry rbs;Gñk . Default = 20 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 119

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Pinch ¬kacuc¦ ³ eFVIeGaycMnucxagelIrbs;bnÞat;ekagegIbeLIgnigcuHTabtambeNþayG½kSQr L erobcMelITMnak;TMng “Pointed ness” enAkñúgtMbn; . eBlEdlmantMélGviC¢man / begáIt)anCaragmanlkçN³ dUcmat;PñMePøWgehIyvaCMnYseGaycMnucmYy . enARtg;karkMnt;tMél 0 Pinch begáItCakarkat;relagmYy kat;tamG½kS . Default = 0 - Bubble ¬BBuHTwk¦ ³ BRgIk nig bRgYmbnÞat;ekagtambeNþayG½kSbBaÄrerobcMelITMnak;TMng “Fullness” énkñúgtMbn; . karkMnt;RBMEdneday Pinch / EdlerobcMeLIgdUcCacMnuccab;epþImminGacdUr)ansMrab; Bubble . karkMnt;tMél 0 sMrab; Pinch nig 1.0 sMrab; Bubble begáIteGay)anCaPaBrelagGtibrimaelon ecjmk . tMélGviC¢manmansMrab; Bubble rMkilEpñkxageRkaménExSrekagEdlenAeRkamépÞmux / begáIteGay)anCarag “Valley” ¬RClg¦ enACMvij)aténtMbn; . Default = 0 - Soft Selection Curve : CakarbgðajlkçN³Ca Graphic ehIybgðajBIrebobdMeNIrkarrbs; Soft Selection . GñkGaceFVIkarsakl,gCamYynigkarerobcMelIbnÞat;ekagmYy / Undo elIva / nigsakl,gelIkar erobcMd¾éTeTotCamYynigkar Select dUcKña . edIm,IbegáItPñMedayeRbI Soft Selection 1 - eRbIRbGb;mYyrbs; Create / Geometry ehIyeFVIeGayRbGb;manlkçN³dUcrUbTI 1 ¬TMhMrbs; RbGb;EdleGayKW beNþay nig TTwg 100, kMBs; 0 Segment énTTwg nigbeNþay 15¦ 2 - Click elI Modify enAkñúgCYrlMdab;lMedayedIm,I Modify RbGb; 3 - Apply Edit Mesh nig Click elIkMBUlén Sub-object 4 - karBinitüelI Use Soft Selection enAkñúg Soft Selection 5 - Select elI Random Vertex enAkñúg Top View Port dUcrUb 5 6 - GVIEdlenACMuvijkMBUleLmelImedayRbRBitþeTAtamkMBUlEdr RbsinebIeKrMkilkMBUlenAkñúg Front View Port tamTisedAG½kS Y kñúgx½NÐEdlKUrrag Porabola mYyenAkñúgeBlEtmYy . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 120

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Edit Spline ( Edge ) RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 121

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RCugmYyKWCabnÞat;mYy / GacemIleXIjrWGacemIlmineXIj TMrg;cMehogrbs;épÞmuxKWP¢ab;KñaedayExS bBaÄrBIr . épÞmuxBIGacEckRCugEtmYy)an . - Delete : lubRCugEdl)an Select nigépÞmuxTaMgBIrEdlP¢ab;RCugrvagKñanigKña . - Attach : GnuBaØatieGayGñktP¢ab;vtßúd¾éTeTotenAkñúgpÞaMgrUbeTACaPaBbnSIKñaEdl)an Select . GñkGactP¢ab;vtßúRbePTNak¾)anrYmCamYynig Splines, Patch objects / nig NURBS Object . kartP¢ab; vtßúEdlKμanPaBbnSI naMeGaybMElgvtßúenaHeTACaPaBbnSIKña . Click elIvtßúEdlGñkcg;tP¢ab;eTAnigvtßúeTIbEt Select ehIyEdlmanlkçN³bnSIKña . - Divide : GnuBaøatieGayGñkeFVIkarEbgEckRCugmYyeTACaRCugBIredaymankMBUlfμIsßitenAcMnuckNþal énRCugnImYy² . Click elI Divide ehIy Select elIRCugmYyedIm,IEbgEckelIva . RCugnImYy²RtUvEbgEck enARtg;kEnøgNaEdlGñk Click elIva . GñkGac Click elIRCugeRcInb:uNaÑk¾)antamEdrGñkcg;EbgEckeTAtam lMdab;lMeday . edIm,IbBaÄb;karEbgEck/ Click elI Divide mþgeTot rW Click elI Mouse sþaM . - Turn : bgVilRCugenAkñúgRBMEdnrbs;va . enAkñúgkmμviFI 3D Max vtßúEdlbnSIKñaTaMgGs;KWpSMKñaeday épÞmuxragRtIekaN / b:uEnþtamry³ Default , Polygon PaKeRcInRtUv)anbriyaydUcCa ragctuv½gS ¬bYnRCug¦ CamYyRCugEdllak; EbgEckragctuekaNv½gSnImYy²eTACaragRtIekaNBIr . Turn GnuBaØatieGayGñkpøas;bþÚr RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 122

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC TisedAkñúgRCugNaEdl)anlak; ¬b¤RCugd¾éTeTot¦ dUecñHplb:HBal;BIrebobEdlrUbragpøas;bþÚreBlEdlGñkEk ERb Sub-object edaycMeBaHb¤edaymincMeBaHCamYynig Modifier . - Extrude : Click elIb‘UtugenHehIyGUselIvaedIm,IBnøÚtRCugEdl)an Select b¤sMrbsMrYlelI Extrude Spinner edIm,IbgðajBIkarBnøÚt . GñkGac Select elIRCugxus²KñaedIm,IBnøÚtvakñúgxN³eBlEdl Extrude kMBugmanskmμPaB . - Extrude Amount : Spinner enH ¬enAEpñkxagsþaMénb‘Utug Extrude¦GnuBaØatieGayGñkkMnt;cMnYn edIm,IeFVIkarBnøÚnRCug . Select elIRCUgmYy b¤ eRcIn ehiysMrbsMrYlelI Spinner . - Chamfer : Click elIb‘UtugenhehIyGUselIRCugEdlenAkñúgvtßúEdlmanskmμPaB . Chamfer Spinner enHmanlkçN³ Update EdlbgðajR)ab;BIcMnYnén Chamfer EdlGñkGUs . - Chamfer Amount : sMrbsMrYlelI Spinner enHenAEpñkxagsþaMénb‘Utug Chamfer¦ edIm,I Apply RbsiT§iPaBén Chamfer eTAkan;RCugEdl)an Select . Cut and Slice Group GnuBaØatieGayGñkEbgEckRCugbnþ dUcKñaCamYynig]bkrN¾ Cut b¤ Slice edIm,IbegáItExSrbBaÄr / RCug nigépÞmuxfμI . - Remove Isolated Vertices : lubExSrbBaÄrEdlEjkecjBIKñaenAkñúgvtßú EdlminxVl;BIkar Select fμI²eLIy . - Select Open Edges : Select RCugTaMgGs;EdlenAkñúgépÞmuxEtmYyvtßúPaKehIy / lkçN³TaMgenH bgðajBIkEnøgEdlGñk)at;épÞmuxEdlmanRsab; . - Create Shape From Edges : bnÞab;BIkar Select elIRCugmYyb¤eRcIn Click elIb‘UtugenHedIm,IbegáIt TMrg;én Spline mYyBIRCugEdl)an Select . Create Shape Dialog bgðajeLIg / ehIyGnuBaØatieGayGñkdak; eQμaHelIrUbrag / erobcMeGayvamanlkçN³ Smooth b¤ Linear, ehIyrMelagRCugEdl)anlak; . cMnucsñÚl rbs;rUbragfμIKWsßitenAcMnuckNþalénvtßúEdlmanPaBbnSIKña . - View Align : tMrwmRCugEdl)an Select eTACaépÞrabén View Port EdlmanskmμPaB . enAkñúg krNIGkçraviruT§én View Port/ vamanRvbsiT§iPaBdUcKñanigkartMrwmelI Grid énsMNg; eBlEdl Home Grid kMBugmanskmμPaB eBlEdltMrwmenAkñúg Perspective View Port ¬rYmCamYykaemra:nigExSrEPñkénBnøW¦ . enA kñúgkrNíTaMgenH / kar Select elIRCugmin)anERbRbYlGVIeT RKan;EtbgVilb:ueNÑaH . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 123

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Grid Align : tMrwmRCugEdl)an Select eTAnigépÞrabfμíEdleTIbnigsg; . épÞrabfμIenkMnt;eday View port EdlmanskmμPaBenAkñúgkrNIrbs; Home Grid . eBlEdlkMBugeRbIelI Grid object bøg;Edl eTIbbegáItfμIKWCa Grid EdlmanskmμPaBrbs;vtßúenaH . - Make Plannar : bgçMeGayRCugEdl)an Select TaMgGs;køayCa Coplanar . PaBFmμtaénRCugrab KWCamFümPaKénépÞmuxFmμtaTaMgGs;Edl)antP¢ab;eTARCugTaMgLayEdleyIg)an Select. - Collapse : Rtlb;RCugEdl)an Select edaykarbnSIcugénkMBUlnImYy²rbs;RCugEdl)an Select eTAkan;RCugénkMBUld¾éTeTot . Edi Mesh ( Face, Polygon, Element ) - A face is the smallest possible mesh object : ( Face KWCavtßúEdlbnSIKañmanlkçN³tUcbMputtam EdlGaceTA)an ¦ ³ TMrg;rayRtIekaNEdlpÁúMeLIgedayExSrbnÞat;bI . épÞmuxTaMLaypþl;eGaynUvPaBEdlGac Render )aneTAelImuxrbs;vtßú . kñúgxN³eBlEdlkMBUlmYyGacenA)anedaykarEjkcMnucenAkñúgépÞlMhr . b:uEnþépÞmuxminGacenAb¤maneLIyedayExSrbnÞat;eT . - Extrude : Click elIb‘UtugenH bnÞab;mkGUs Mouse tamEpñkbBaÄrenAelIépÞmuxNamYyk¾)anedIm,I BnøÚtva . - Extrussion : Spinner enH ¬enAEpñkxagsþaMénb‘Utug Extrude¦ GnuBaØatieGayGñkBnøÚtépÞmuxEdl )an Select cUlkñúg b¤ ecjeRkA)an GaRs½yelItMélelxviC¢man b¤ GviC¢man . - Bevel ¬karkat;RCugeTr¦ ³ Click elIb‘UtugenH bnÞab;mkGUs Mouse tamExSrbBaÄrelIépÞmuxNa mYyk¾)anEdl Gñkcg;BnøÚt . RBElg Mouse vij ehIy rMkil Mouse tamExSrbeNþayedIm,Ikat;kat;RCugeTr b¤ bBaäitelIkarBnøÚtenH . Click edIm,IbBa©b;va . muxgarsMrab; Cut nig Slice / GacdMeNrkar)anEtcMeBaH Edge Sub-object level / nigGacdMeNIrkar )ancMeBaH Face Polygon RBmTaMgmU:ténFatuTaMgLayEdlenAkñúg 3Ds Max 3 . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 124

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC eRbIR)as;karRtYtBinitüedIm,I Tessellate ¬EbgEckbnþ¦ elIépÞmuxEdl)an Select . kar Tessellate mansar³sMxan;sMrab;bEnßmdg;suIeténPaBbnSIkñúgeBlEdlkMBugksagrUb . GñkGacEbgEckbnþnUvkar Select elIépÞmuxTaMgLay . vIFIsaRsþ Tessellate GacdMeNIrkareTA)ancMeBaH ³ Edge nig Face-Center . - Tessellate : Click elIépÞmuxEdl Tessellate / edayEp¥kelIkarerobcM Face-Center, Edges nig Tension (spinner) . - By Edge / Face-Center : RCug Insert ExSrbBaÄrenAelIcMnuckNÞalénRCugsgxag ehIyKUsbnÞat; bIPa©b;eTAExSrbBaÄrTaMgenaHCalT§pl / épÞmuxbYnRtUv)anbegáItecjépÞmuxmYy. eRbIR)as;karRtYtBiniRtTaMgenHedIm,Ipþac;ecjépÞmuxEdl)an Select eGayecjBIKña . - Explode ¬bMpÞúH¦ ³ Explode épÞmuxEdl)an Select eGayeTACaFatueRcIn b¤ vtßunana EdlGaRs½y edaymMuénRCugrbs;va . - To object / Elements : kMnt;épÞmuxEdl)anbMpÞúHehIyeGayeTACavtßúEdldac;BIKña b¤ CaFatuén vtßúenaH . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 125

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC karRtYtBinitüTaMgenHGnuBaØatieGayGñkeFVIkarCamYynigépÜmuxEdlFmμta / sMPar³ IDS , Smoothing Group nigBN’énkMBUl . Normal Group ¬karpÞat;¦ ³ bRBa©asTisedAénépÞmuxEdlmanlkçN³Fmμta énépÞmuxEdl)an Select . - Flip - Unify ¬rYmKña¦ ³ pÞat;PaBFmμtarbs;vtßúmYy dUcenHvamanTisedAcg¥úleTAkan;TisdUcKña / CaFmμta manTisedAeTAxageRkA . lkçN³TaMgenHvamanGtßRbeyaCn¾sMrab;naMépÞmuxrbs;vtßúRtlb;mkTisedAedIm rbs; vavij . - Flip Normal Mode : pÞat;PaBFmμtarbs;épÞmuxEdlGñk Click . edIm,Icakecj / Click elIb‘Utug enHmþgeTot b¤ k¾ Click Mouse sþaMelIkEnøgNak¾)an enAkñúgkmμviFI Inter face . Material Group - ID : GnuBaØatieGayGñkkMnt;edaycMeBaHelIcMnYnénsMPar³ ID mYyeTAkan;épÞmuxEdl)an Select ( Polygon, Fatu ) edIm,ieRbIR)as;CamYysMPar³ Multi / Sub-object nigkarGnuvtþd¾éTeTot . eRbIR)as; Spinner b¤vayelxBI Keyboard bBa©Úl . cMnYnsrubéncMnYnEdl IDS GacdMeNIrkar)an KW 65,535 . - Select By ID : bgðajBI Select by Material ID Dialog EdlGñkeRbIR)as;edIm,IvaybBa©Úlelx rbs;sMPar³ ID . Click elI OK, Select elIépÞmuxEdlkMnt;edaysMPar³ ID . RbsinebI Clear Selection ebIképÞmuxNak¾edayEdl)an Select xagedIm KWkaedaH Select ecjdMbUgeK . RbsinebI Clear Selection biT / kar Select fμIRtUv)anbEnßmeTAkan;kar Select Nak¾eday Edl)ankMnt;BImunmk . Smoothing Groups Group eRbiR)as;karRtYtBinitüenHedIm,IkMnt;épÞmuxEdl)an Select eGayeTACa Smoothing Groups xus²Kña nigedIm,I Select épÞmuxtamry³ Smoothing Group . ediMm,IkMnt;épÞmuxeGayeTACa Smoothing Groups mYyb¤eRcIn / eyIgRtUv Select elIépÞmuxTaMgenaH ehIy Click elIcMnYnén Smoothing Group(s) edIm,IkMnt;elIBYkva . - Select by SG (Smoothing Group) : karsMEdgecj Dialog mYyEdlbgðajBI Smoothinn groups fμI² . Select elIRkummYyedaykar Click elIb‘UtugelxEdlsmRsbehIy Clock elI OK . - Clear All : ykecjnUvkarkMnt; Smoothing Group TaMgenHBIépÞmuxEdl)an select . - Auto Smooth : erobcMelI Smoothing Group GaRs½yedaymμuenAcenøaHépÞmuxTaMgenaH . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 126

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Threshold : Spinner enH ¬enAépñkxagsþaménb‘Utug Auto Smooth¦GnuBaØatikMnt;mMuEdlmantMél Gtibrima enAcenøaHépÞmuxEdlenACitbegáIyKña ehIykMnt;fa épÞmuxTaMgenaHnidak;cUleTAkñúgRkum Smoothing Group dUcKañ . edIm,iBnøÚtépÞmuxedayeRbI Polygon én Edit Mash nig Granting ID 1 - eRbIRbGb;mYyén Create / Geometry ehIyeFVIRbGb;enaHeGaydUcrUbTImYy . TMhMEdleGayKW 100 x 100 x 100 tMél Segment énTTWg / beNþay / kMBs; 3 x 3 x 3 2 - Click elI Modify enAkñúgCYredIm,IEkERbvtßú 3 - Apply Edit Mesh ehIy Click elIépÞmuxén Sub-Object 4 - Select EtenAcMkNþal Polygon enAkñúg Front View Port dUcrUb 4 5 - Click edIm,Iyk Extrude enAkñúg Edit Geometry dUcenH ExtrudeenaHTTYl)annUvépÞmuxEdl )an Select ehIy nigcg;)andak;enATIenHRBmTaMgTMhMEdl)andak; . 6 - Select EtenAelIEpñkkNþalrbs; Polygon énRTg;RTayrag 6 RCugnImYy²ehIyTTYl)annUvkar BnøÚtehIyrYcral; . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 127

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Select elI Polygon xagedImTaMgGs; CamYynigkarBnøútenAEpñkkNþalrbs; Polygon énrag 6 RCug EdleFVIeday ³ 7 - enAkñúgeRKOgsMPar³ ID enAkñúg Surface Properties eyIgyk 7 . elx 7ID KWRtUv)aneGayeTA elIépÞmuxsrubén Polygon . 8 - Select elI Closing Selection énEpñkxageRkam Toolbar 9 - pøas;bþÚrEtépÞmuxén Extrude Polygon edIm,IeGaykøayeTACasMPar³ ID1 10 – eFVIkrNIxagelIekIteLIgvij edayyk 10 eGaytMél Material ID BI 1 eTA 6 edIm,IBnøÚt épÞmuxénrag 6 RCug . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 128

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm,IbegáItekAGuImanbEg¥kedayeRbI Edit Mesh Command 1 - eRbIRbGb;mYyEdl Create / Geometry nigeFVIRbGb;dUcrUb 1 TMhMEdleGayKw 100 x 100 x 30 tMél Segment énTTwg/ beNaþy / kMBs; 4 x 4 x 3 2 - Click elI Modify enAkñúgCYredIm,IEkERbRbGb; 3 – Click elI Edit Mesh edIm,I Apply Edit Mesh enH 4 – Apply Edit Mesh ehIy Click elI Polygon én Sub-object 5 – Select elI Closing Selection enAEpñkxageRkamén Toolbar 6 – kar Select elIbEg¥kénekAGuImYy KW select EtelIekAGuIEdlCa Polygon enAEpñkxageqVgxitelI énépÞrab enAkñúg Left Viewport dUcenHkarBnøÚtenHTTYl)anépÞmuxedIm,IkareFVIkar . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 129

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC elIb‘Utug Modify EfmeTot / bnÞab;mk Modifier Window mYybgðajeLIg 7 – Click 8 – Select elI Face Extrude 9 – eGaytMélkñúg Amount 30 én Face Extrude ehIy Click 10 – eFVIeLIgvij ehIy Apply 8 Item nig 9 Item 11 - eFVIeLIgvij ehIy Apply 8 Item nig 9 Item 12 - eFVIeLIgvij ehIy Apply 8 Item nig 9 Item 13 - eFVIeLIgvij ehIy Apply 8 Item nig 9 Item 14 – Select elIRCugCMnYseGay Polygon enAkñúg Sub-object item 15 – eFVIeGaymanBMnuHbEg¥kénekAGuI select elIRCugedIm,IeFVIkarenAkñúg Left View Port nigrMkilvaeTA eRkaybnþicmþg² / nigeFVIeGaybEg¥kekAGuIenaHeTreTAeRkay RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 130

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RCugEdl)an Select énBak;kNþalBMnuHenAkñúgCYr )anegIbBak;kNþalBMnuHenaHeLIgBIkMralrbs; 16 – ekAGIbnþicmþg² . 17 – Select elIRCugsrub 18 – Select elIb‘Utug Modify bEnßm / ehIy Modifiers Window mYybgðajeLIg . 19 – Select elI Mesh Smooth nigeFVIeGayvtßúRsTn; 20 – vtßúEdl Mesh Smooth )an Apply elI KWvabMElgdUcCarUb 21 manlkçN³RsTn; . 4 – BOOLEAN . Select elI object mYy Create Panel Geometry Compound object Object Type rollout Boolean . Tab Panels Compound Tab Boolean Compound object vtßuEdlCa Boolean KWCavtßúmYyEdlpÁúMedayvtßúBIrd¾éTeTottamry³karbgðajBIkic©Rbtibtþi Boolean enAelIBYkvaTaMgenaH RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 131

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC eBlGñk Select elI Operand B / GñkGacEklMGrvaeGayCa Reference , Move ¬vtßúxøÜnvapÞal;¦ Copy, b£ Instance edayeyageTACMerIsrbs;GñkenAkñúg Pick Boolean Rollout sMrab;vtßúCa Boolean . GaRs½yedaykar Select rbs;GñkBIrebobEdlGñkcg;eRbIR)as;pÞaMg Geometry bnÞab;BIGñkbegáIt Boolean ehIy . edaysarEtGñkbegáItvtßú Boolean CaTUeTAEtgEtcab;ecjBIvtßúEdlenACan;BIelIKña / ehIyRbsinebI vtßú B min)anykecjeT ¬ebIGñkmineRbIelI Deffault Move Option¦ naMeGayvaEtgEtCMTas;nigKMehIjrbs; GñkeTA Boolean EdlbEg¥¥kehIy . GñkGacrMkil Boolean b¤ vtßú B ecjedIm,IemIlelIlT§pl)anRbesIr Cagmun . - Pick Operand B : eRbIb‘UtugenHedIm,I Select vtßúTIBIrkñúgkarbMeBjkic©RbtibtþielI Boolean. - Reference / Copy / Move / Instance :GnuBaØatieGayGñkkMnt;ykmYyNaeGayc,as; kñúgrebob Edl Operand B bMElgeTACavtßú Boolean . vaGacbMElgeTACa Reference, Copy, Instance b¤ Moved )andUcKña . Geometry énvtßú B ERbkøayeTACaEpñkmYyénvtßú B edayminb:HBal; b¤ Bak;B½n§CamYy nig viFIsaRsþ Copy EdlGñk)aneRbIeT . Parameters Rollout Operands Group - Operands List Field : bgðajBI Operand fμI² . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 132

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Name : Edit elIépÞenHedIm,Ipøas;bþÚreQμaHrbs; Operands . Select elI Operand mYyenAkñúg tarag Operand ehIyvak¾nigbgðajenAkñúg Name Box Edr . - Extract Operand : dkyk Copy mYy b¤ Instance mYyecj Operand Edl)an Select eRCIserIs yk Operand mYyenAkñúgtarag Window edIm,IeGayb‘UtugenHGacdMenirkar)an . - Instace / Copy : GnuBaØatieGayGñkkMnt;BIrebob Operand RtUv)andkecj dUcKñanig Copy b¤ Instace . Operation Group vtßú Boolean pÞúkenAbrimaRténvtßúedImTaMgBIrrbs;va . cMEnképÞmuxEdlRbsBVKña b¤ EdlenA - Union : Can;BIelIKña Geometry RtUv)anykecj . - Intersection : vtßú Boolean pÞúkEtbrimaRtEdlpÞal;eTAnig vtßúedImTaMgBIr ¬n½ymü:ageTotKW / enARtg;kEnøgEdlvaCan;BIelIKña¦ - Subtraction (A – B) : dkbrimaRténépÞmuxEdlRbsBVKñarbs; Operand B ecjBI Operand A . vtßú Boolean pÞúknUvbrimaRtén Operand B rYmCamYynig brimaRtépÞmuxRbsBVEdl)andkecjBIva . - Cut : kat; Operand A CamYy Operand B/ b:uEnßmGVIeTAelIPaBbnSIKñaBI Operand B eT . - Refine : bEnßmExSrbBaÄrnigRCugfμIeTA Operand A enAkEnøgEdlRbsBVépÞmuxrvag Operand A nig Operand B . - Split : eFVIkardUc Refine Edr b:EnþvabEnßm)anExSrbBaÄrTIBIr b¤ erobcMelIExSrbBaÄrBIrdg k¾dUcKña CamYynigRCugEdr EdlvasßitenAtamRBMRbTl;Rtg;kEnøgEdl Operand Bkat; Operand A . - Remove Inside : lubépÞmuxén Operand A TaMgGs;EdlenAkñúg Operand B . - Remove Outside : lubépÞmuxén Operand A TaMgGs;EdlenAeRkA Operand B . Display / Update Rollout Display Group RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 133

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC tamry³karemIleXIjlT§plén Boolean mYyGacCakare)akbeBaäat / CaBiessRbsinebIGñkcg; pøas;bþÚr b¤ eGayvamanclna . Display Option enAkñúg Boolean Parameter Rollout CYyGñkkñúgkaremIl BIrebobénkarsag Boolean . Display Control minmankarb:HBal;GVIeTrhUtTal;Føak;)anbegáIt Boolean . - Result : bgðajBIlT§plénRbtIbtþikarN¾ Boolean, vaKWCavtßú Boolean xøÜnÉgpÞal;Etmþg . karbgðabBI Operands karbgðajBIlT§pl (A , B) - Result + Hidden Ops : bgðajBIr Operand Edl “Hidden” manlkçN³dUcCaExSrlYs . karbgðajBI Operand Edl)anlak;bnÞab;BI A.B bgðajBI Operand Edlmanlak;bnÞab;BIr B – A - Operands : bgðajBI Operand cMnYseGaylT§plén Boolean Update Group tamry³ Default, Boolean )an Update enAeBlEdlGñkbþÚr Operand . pÞaMgrUbEdlpÞúknUvPaBsμúK sμajmYy b¤ eRcIn / kareFVIeGay Boolean manclnaGacCakarraMgsÞHdl;kaecjsMEdg . Option sMrab; Update pþl;eGaynUvvIFIsaRsþEdlpøas;evnKñaedIm,IeGaykarecjsMEdgmanlkçN³ kan;EtRbesIeLIg . - Always : Update Boolean )anPøam² eBlEdlGñkbþÚr Operand mYy/ rYmCamYyvtßúedImén Instance rW Reference rbs; Operand B . enHKICacriklkçN³rbs; Default . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 134

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - When Rendering : Update Boolean )anEtenAeBlEdlGñk Render elIpÞaMgrUb b¤ Click elI Update . CamYynig Option enH / View Port min)anbgðajCaRbcaMelI Geometry fμI²enaHeT b;uEnþGñkGac bgçMelIPaB Update eBlEdlcaM)ac; . - Manually : Updates Booleans )anEtenAeBlEdlGñk Click elI Update . CamYynig Option enH / View Port nig Render output min)anbgðajCaRbcaMnUv Geometry fμI²eT / b;uEnþGñkGacbgçMelI Update eBlEdlcaM)ac; . - Update : Updates elI Boolean . b‘Utug Update enHminGacdMenIrkar)aneTenAeBlEdl Always RtUv)an Select . CMBUk 3 RENDERING COMMAND 1 – Light ¬BnøW¦ 1-1 . RbePTénBnøW Topic enHBN’naGMBIBN’nanaEdlmanBitenAkñúgBiPBelak . eBldak;eGayBnøWelIpÞaMgrUbmYy / va GacCaCMnYykñúgkardwgBIrebobénGtþcrikrbs;BnøWFmμCati . eBlEdlrsμIénBnøWdak;duHelIépÞmuxmYy/ épÞmuxenaHk¾caMgRtlb;BYkvaeTAvij b¤ y:agehacNas;k¾caMg Rtlb;eTAvijmYycMnYnEdr EdlGaceGayeyIgeXIjépÞmux)an . karR)akdeLIgénépÞmuxmYyGaRs½yelI BnøIEdldak;cuH elIva edaybBa©ÚlCamYynig RbePT sMrar³énépÞmuxenaH / dUcCaBN’ / PaBrelag / nigPaB RsGab; . 1-2 . Intensity ¬GaMgtg;suIet¦ GaMgtg;suIrténBnøWenAcMcMnucrbs;vaénRbsiT§iPaBedImEdlman bgðajBIPaBc,as;én kardak;bnøW elIvtßúmYy . BnøWEdlmanlkçN³RsGab;minc,as;RKbdNþb;elIvtßúEdlmanBnøW bgðajEtBN’TTwgb:ueNÑaH . 1-3 . Agle Of Incidence ¬muMenAkñúgRBMEdn¦ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 135

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC épÞmuxmYyEdlmanlkçN³ep¥óg b¤ gakecjBIRbPBBnøWeRcInb:uNÑa enaHvaTTYl)anBnøWkan;Et ticEdr ehIybgðajecjnUvPaBkan;EtggwteLIg . mMuénépÞmuxmanlkçN³FmμtamYymanTMnak;TMngeTAnig RbPTénBnøåRtUv)aneKsÁal;dUcCa Angle of Incidence ¬mMuenAkñúgRBMEdn¦ eBlEdlmμuénRBMEdnmantMél 0 dWeRk ¬vaKWCaRbPBénBnøWEdldak;cuHelIépÞmuxtamlkçN³bBaÄr¦ épÞmuxRtUv)andak;BnøWCamYynig GaMgtg;suIet eBjenAkñúgRbPBBnøW . eBlEdlRBMEdnénmMuekIteLIg / GaMgtg;suIeténkardak;BnøWfycuH . 1-4 . Alternation ¬karbnßy¦ enAkñúgBiPBelakBit / BnøWRtUv)at;ecjedaysarry³cMgay . vtßúEdlenAq¶ayBIRbPBBnøWman lkçn³kan;Etggit / vtßúEdlenAEk,rRbPBBnøWbgðajnUvPaBkan;EtPøW . plb:HBal;enHRtUv)andwgtamry³kar bnßy . enAkñúgFmμCati / karbnßyBnøWenAGRtaragjkaermYyEdlmanlkçN³bRBa©as;vaKWCaGaMgtg;suIet Edl )at;ecjenAkñúgsmmaRtrbs;ragkaeréncMgaycab;BIRbPBBnøW . vamanlkçN³pÞal;sMrab;karbnßy b¤ bEnßmedIm,IeGayFMCageBlEdlBnøWRtUv)anEbkExJkedaysarbriyakas CaBieesseBlEdllMGgFUlIenA kñúg briyakas b¤ G½BÞ b¤ BBk . 1-5 . Reflected Light and Ambient Light ¬BnøWcaMgpøat nig BnøWsayPayCMuvij ¦ vtßúénBnøWEdlmanlkçN³caMgpøatGacDak;BnøWeTAelIvtþúd¾éTeTot)an . kardak;BnøWelIépÞmux EdlcaMgpøatkan;EtxøaMg enaHvaEbgEckBnøWeTAkan;vtßúd¾éTeTotenAkñúgbrisßankan;EteRcIn . BnøWcMnaMgpøatbegáIteGay)anBnøWsayPayCMuvij ¬Ambient Light ¦ BnøWsayPayCMuvijmanÉksNæan GaMgtg;suIetmYy nigmanTMrg;CakarsayPay . vaminmanRbPBEdlGacemIl)aneTehIyk¾minPaBTisedA énlkçN³EdlGacemIl)anEdr . 1-6 . Color And Light ¬BN’ nig BnøW¦ BN’énBnøWGaRs½yelIEpñkxøHéndMeNIrkarEdlbegáItBnøW . ]TahrN¾ GMBUlePøWg Tungsten ecalBnøWBN’ TwkRkUc / elOg / GMBUlePøWgeRbIcMhay)art/ ecalnUvBnøWexov/ s / nig BnøWéf¶ KWBN’elOg / s . BnøWénBN’GaRs½yedaymanPaBmFüménBnøWqøgkat;pgEdr . ]TahrN¾ / BBkenAkñugbriyakasecal RbemalBnøWéf¶BN’exov / cMENksñamRblak;enAelIkBa¢k;GacecalBnøWenABN’EdldutxøaMg . BnøWénBN’nig Additive Colors, BN’dMbUg b¤ emBN’manbIKW Rkhm/ ébtg nig exov (RGB) . tamry³karbBa©ÚlBN’CaeRcIn/ BN’EdlmanenAkñúgpÞagkøayCamnalkçN³kan;EtPøWeLIg ehIyenATIbMputKW M køayCaBN’s . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 136

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1- 7 . RbePTénBnøWrbs;vtßú Omni Light . Create Panel Lights Omni Button . Create Menu Light Omni Light BnøW Omni mYyecalkaMrsμIrbs;vaeTARKb;TisedATaMgGs;edayecjBIRbPBEtmYy . BnøW Omni man sar³RbeyaCn¾sMrab;karbEnßm “ Fill Lighting” eTAkan;pÞaMgrUbrbs;Gñk /KWCMnucRbPBénBnøWEdlekIteLIgkñúg eBldMNalKña . BnøW Omni GacecalRsemalnigcMeNal . BnøW Omni EtmYyecalRsemaleTACaRsemal Spotlight 6 esμI²Kña ehIymanTisedAcg¥úlecjeRkAedaycab;BIcMnuckNþaleTA . eBlEdlGñkkMnt;EpnTIelIkarelcecjmYy edayBnøW Omni edIm,IeFVIkarBnøyedayeRbIR)as; Spherical, Cylindrical, b¤ Shrink Wrap, Enviroment Coordinates, EpnTIenaHRtUVBnøyecjtampøÚvEtmYy EdlvaGacpSaP¢ab;eTAnibrisßan . eBlEdlGñkeRbIR)as; Screen Environment Coordinates or Explicit Map Chamel Texture Coordinates, nigman Copy cMnYn 6 énEpnTIEdllyecjtamragrgVg;mUl . BnøW Omni emIlBIelI BnøW Omni emIltam Perspective Free Direct ¬TisedAesrI¦ . Create Panel Lights Free Direct Button RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 137

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC . Create Manu Lights Directional Light BnøWEdlmanTisedAecalRsemalCakaMrsμIRsbKñaeTAtamTisedAEtmYydUcCaBnøWRBHGaTitü ¬sMrab;eKalbMNgkñúgkarsakl,g ¦ EdlcaMgmkelIépÞénEpndI . BnøWEdlmanTisedAKWRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,I cMlgBIBnøWRBHGaTitü . GñkGacsMrbsMrYlBN’énBnøW nig TItaMg rYmTaMgkarbgVilBnøWenAkñúglMhr 3D pgEdr . BnøWmanTiedAesrIemIlBIelI bnøWmanTisedAesrIemIltam Perspective Target Direct . Create Panel Lights Target Direct Button . Create Menu Lights Target Directional Light BnøWEdlmanTisedAecalRsemalCakaMrsμIRsbKña eTAtamTisedAEtmYy dUcCaRBHGaTitü ¬sMrab;eKalbMngkñúgkarsakl,g¦ EdlcaMgmkelIépÞénEpndI . BnøWEdlmanTisedARtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;edIm,I cMlgBIBnøWRBHGaTitü . GñkGaceFVIkarsMrbsMrYlBN’énBnøWnig TItaMg / rYmTaMgkarbgVilBnøWenAkñúglMhr 3D pgEdr . edaysarEtkaMrsμImanlkçN³RsbKña/ BnøWEdlmanTisedAmanRsemalenAkñúgrUbragdUcCargVg; b¤ ctuekaNEkg RBIsCMnYseGay “Cone” ekan . Target Spot . Create Panel Lights Target Spot Button . Crete menu Lights Target Spotlight mYyecalRsemaledayepþatelIRsemalénBnøWdUcCa Flashlight, BnøWePøWg Spot enAkñúgerag kun b¤ Spotlight Head Light . eKaledAén Spotlight eRbIR)as;eKaledAénvtßúmYyedIm,ItMrg;kaemra: . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 138

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC eKaledAén Spotlight emIlBIelI eKaledAén Spotlight emIl Perspective Free Spot . Create Panel Lights Free Spot Button . Create Menu Lights Free Spotlight vamanlkçN³mindUcnigeKaledAén Spotlight eT / Free Spot minmaneKaledAénvtßúeT . GñkGac rMkil b¤ bgVil Free Spot edIm,ItMrg;eTATisedANak¾)an . 1-8 . Parameter Rollout of Light General Lighting Parameter . Create Panel Lights Create Light General Parameters Rollout RtUv)anbgðajBIRbePTTaMgGs;énBnøW . karRtYtBinitüTaMgenHeFVIeGay General Parameters Rollout BnøWebIk nig biT / sMrbsMrYlelIBN’rbs;va / edayrYmbB©aÚl b¤ karminbBa©ÚlvtßúnanaeTAkñúg pÞaMgrUb nig Select elIBN’mYyNaEdlCasmasFatupSMénRbsiT§PaBrbs;BnøW . enAkñúg Modify Panel , General Parameter rollout k¾GnuBaØatieGayGñkpøas;bþÚrBnøWBIRbePTmYyeTA RbePTmYyeTot . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 139

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Type : pøas;bþÚrRbePTénBnøW . BnøWGacCaRbePT Omni, Target Spot, Free Spot, Target Direct , or Free Direct light . - On : eFVIeGayBnøWebIk nig biT . eBlebIkelI On, kardak;Rsemalnigkar Render RtUveRbIR)as;BnøW edIm,Idak;BnøWenAelIpÞaMgrUb. eBlEdl off RtUvbiT/ BnøWminRtUv)aneRbIR)as;kñúgkar Render eT Default = on - Color Swatch : bgðajBIBN’énBnøW . Click elI Color Swatch edIm,IbgðajnUv Color Selector dialog dUcenHGñkGaceRCIserIsykBN’mYyecjBIBnøW. - Exclude : ykecjnUvvtßúEdl)an Select TaMgLayecjBIRbsiT§iPaBénBnøW. Click elIb‘UtugenH edIm,Ibgðaj Exclude/ Include dialog . vtßúEdl)anykecjenAEtecjmkedaymanBnøWRsalenAkμúgRsemal View port. karykecjnaMyk nUvRbsiT§iPaBeTACamYyenAeBlNaEdlGñk Render elIpÞaMgrUb. - R, G, B/H, S, V : erobcMelIBN’énBnøWedaykarsMrbsMrYlelIBN’Rkhm/ ébtg nigexovEdlCa smasFatupSM b¤edaykarsMrbsMrYlelIRsemalénBN’/ PaBggwt nig tMél. - Multiplier : BRgIkfamBlénbnøWeGayFMtamry³cMnYnviC¢man rWcMnYnGviC¢man. ]TahrN_ ³ RbsinebI GñkkMnt;tMél Mullitiplier = 2 BnøWnigkan;EtPøWc,as;BIrdg. Mullitipliers k¾manGtßRbeyaCn_sMrab;kardkBnøW ecjnigkardak;kEnøgEdl Select enAkñúgpÞaMgrUbeGayggwt. Default =1.0. Affect Surfaces group sMrbsMrYlelIPaBbRBa©asKñarvagkarpSayénBnøWecjeTAnigkarsayPayénBnøW enAkñúg - Contrast : tMbn;énépÞmux. TukkarkMnt;enHeGayenAsUnüsMrab;karbRBa©s;Kñalμm b¤Fmμta. bEnßmtMélrWbnßytMélénPaB bRBa©asKñasMrab;plb:HBal;Biess ³ ]TahrN_/ BnøWEdlmanBN’eqIteBkénlMhr (Space) xageRkA. Default = 0.0 bEnßmtMélén Soften diffuse Edge enAelIRCugéncenøaHBnøWsayPay CuMvij - Soften Diffuse Edge: nigBnøWpSayeTAEdlenAelIépÞmuxmYy. lkçN³TaMgenHCYydl;karkat;bnßyRCugEdlGacbgðajenA elIépÞmuxénkal³eTs³BitR)akdNamYy. Default = 50 - Duffuse : eBlEdlebIk/ RbsiT§iPaBénBnøWEdlpSayeTAKWCaKuNsm,tþiénépÞmuxrbs;vtßú. eBlEdlbiT/ BnøWminmanRbsiT§iPaBGVIdl;karsayPayelIépÞmuxeT . Default = on - Specular : eBlEdlebIk/ RbsiT§iPaBénBnøWsÞg;nUvKuNsm,tþiénépÞmuxrbs;vtßú. eBlEdlbiT/BnøWmin manRbsiT§iPaBeTAelIkarsÞg;KuNsm,tþieT. Default = On ]TahrN_ ³ tamry³kareRbIR)as;RbGb; RtYtBinitü RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 140

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Diffusenig Specular GñkGacmanBnøWénBN’mYyCa Specular highlights énvtßúenaH/ kñúgxN³Edl min)andak;BN’enAtMbn;EdlsayPayCMuvijrbs;va bnÞan;mkmanBnøWénBN’TIBIrCabMENkénBnøWEdlpSay ecjrbs;épÞmux kñúgxN³Edlvamin)anbegáIt Specular highlights. - Ambient only : eBlEdlebIk/ RbsiT§iPaBénBnøWGacpSaysmasFatupSMrbs;va)anEtenA kEnøg Edldak;BnøW. Attenuation Parameters - Create panel Light Create Light Attenuation Parameters rollout karbnßyKWCaRbsiT§iPaBedaysarkar)at;bg;eTAénBnøWtamry³cMgay. enAkñúgkmμviFI 3D Max Gñk GackMnt;tMélya:gc,as;las;elIkarbnßyRbsiT§iPaBrbs;vaGacmanlkçN³ERbRbYlBI BnøIenAkñúgBiPBelakBit pþl;eGayGñknUvkarRtYtBinitüedaypÞal;BIelIrebobEdlBnøWcaMgcUlkñúgb¤caMgecjeRkA. - Note : edayKμankarbnßy/ vtßúmYyGacbgðajedaymanlkçN³CMTas;KñaedIm,IkarrIkkan;EtFM eLIg edaykarrMkilecjkan;Etq¶ayBIRbPBBnøW. TaMgenHbNþalmkBImMuénRBMEdnman lkçN³xitkan;EtCiteTAnig sUnüdWeRk sMrab;épÞmuxénvtßúeRcIneTot. karerobcMelIkarbnßybgáreGaymancMgayrvagvtßúmYyeTAmYymanlkçN³kan;EtRsGab;. tMélBIelIkarRtYtBinitükarbnßysMrab;vtßú. tMélkarbnßy Far kMnt;eLIgnUvcMgaymYyEdl BnøWenA elxsUnü. tMélkarbnßy Near kMnt;nUvcMgayEdlBnøW “fade in” ¬TaMgcUl¦. karRtYtBinitü TaMgBIrenHGac biT nig ebIkedaysarknøas;mYyenAfa Use. eBlEdl Use RtUvkMnt;eGayeRbIsMrab;karbnßy Far, enaHBnøWnigRbPBrbs;vaeRbIR)as;nUvtMélEdl )ankMnt;edayBN’rbs;varYmnig multiplier controls. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 141

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC vasßitenAkñúgtMélEdlcab;BIRbPBeTAkan;cMgayEdl )ankMnt;eday Start, bnÞab;mktMélrbs;vaFøak;eTAelx 0 enAcMgayEdl)ankMNt;eday End . karbEnßmnUv Attenuation eTAelIpÞaMgénrUb Near Attenuation group kMnt;cMgayNamYyEdlBnøWcab;epþImGs;eTAkñúg b¤ caMgeTAkñúg. - Start : - End : kMnt;cMgayNamYyEdlBnøIeTAdl;tMéleBjrbs;va. - Use : minGaceGay Near attenuation eTABnøW)aneT - Show : bgðajBICYrrbs; Near Attenuation EdlerobcMenAkñúg View port . sMrab; Spotlights CYrrbs; Attenuation bgðajeLIgmanlkçN³CaBMnuHrag Lens-shaped rbs;ekaN . sMrab; Omni Light/ CYr TaMgenaHbgðajeLIgmanragdUcCa EsVr. tamry³ Default, Near Start KWCaBN’exovcas;ehIy Near End KWCaBN’exovRsal . Far Attenuation group kMnt;cMgayNamYyEdlBnøWcab;epþImcaMgecjeRkA - Start : - End : kMnt;cMgayNamYyEdlBnøWcaMgeTAcMnucsUnü RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 142

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC minGaceGay far attenuation eTABnøW)aneLIy. - Use : - Show : bgðajBICYrrbs; Far Attenuation EdlerobcMeLIgenAkñúg View port. sMrab; Spotlight CYrrbs; Attenuation bgðajeLIgmanlkçN³CaBMnuHrag Lens-Shaped rbs;ekan. sMrab;BnøWpÞal;/ CYrTaMgenaH bgðajeLIgmanragCargVg;EdlCaBMnuHrbs;ekan. sMrab; Omni light rW Spot nig BnøWpÞal;CamYykarebIkelI Bakü Over shoot CYrTaMenaHbgðajedaymanragdUcCaEsVr. tamry³ Default, Far Start KWmanBN’etañtx©I ehIy Far End KWmanBN_etañtcas;. Decay group ¬karBuk¦ KWCapøÚvmYysMrab;bEnßmedIm,IeGayGaMgt;sIueténBnøWmankarkat;bnßytamry³ cMgay. Decay - Type : kMnt;RbePTén Decay edIm,IeRbIR)as;. vamanbIRbePTedIm,IeFVIkareRCIserIs. - None (Default) : kar Apply edayKμan Decay, BnøWEdlrkSaTuknUvfamBlBIRbPBrbs;vaeday KμanRBMEdn/ luHRtaEtGñkebIkelI Far attenuation. - Inverse ¬PaBbRBa©as;Kña¦ ³ Apply elI Decay EdlbRBa©asb¤RbqaMgKña. rUbmnþénBnøWKW = RO/R, RO KWCakaMRbPBBnøWénBnøWRbsinebIKμankareRbIelI Attenuation eT/ rWtMélrbs; Near End énBnøWRbsinebI Attenuation RtUv)aneRbIR)as; . R KWCacMgaykaMénépÞmuxrbs;BnøW BI RO. - Inverse Square : Apply elI Inverser-square decay. rUbmnþrbs;vaKW (RO/R)2. enHKWCa Decay énBnøWEdlmanBitCa “real world”/ b:uEnþGñkGaceXIjfavamanlkçN³kan;EtRsGab;enAkñúgBiPBénkMuBüÚT½r RkahVik. Shadow Parameters - Create panel Lights Create a lights Shadow Parameters rollout RtUv)anbgðajBIRbePTTaMgGs;énBnøW. GñkGaceRCIserIsykBnøWEdl Shadow Parameters rollout ecalRsemalRbePTNak¾eday/ ehIyCamYynig Technique Nak¾)an edIm,IbegáItRsemal. RsemalEdldak;cuHeTA RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 143

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Rollout enHk¾GnuBaØateGayBnøWecalRsemalkñúgbriyakaspgEdl. Object Shadow group kMnt;elIBnøWfμI²faecalRsemalrWGt; Default += on - On : - Shodow Method drop-down list : kMNt;elIkar Render NaEdleRbIR)as; shadow map rW Ray-traced Shadow edImÇIbegIátRsemalsMrab;BnøWenH . eBlEdlGñkeRbIRsemal Shadow-mapped, bEnßmkarRtYtBinitüenAkñúg Shadow Map Params rollout . eBlEdlGñkeRbIRsemal ray-traced, bEnßmkarRtYtBinitüelI Ray Traced Shadow Param Rollout. - Use Global Setting : ebIkelIenHedIm,IeRbIR)as; global setting sMrab;karecalRsemaleday BnøW TaMgenH.eBlbiTelIenHeyIgminGacRtYtBinitüelIRsemalpÞal;mYy²)aneT.RbsinebIGñkeRCIseriskñúgkarmineRbI global setting, GñkRtUvEtERCIserIsviFIsaRsþNamYyEdl Render nigRtUvRbIR)as;edImÇIbegáItRsemal sMrab;lMGgénBnøW . Default = off eBlEdlebIkelI Use Global setting, Parameters én Shadow map or ray-Traced Shadow bþÚreTAedImÇIbgðajGñkBIGVICa global Setting. Data TaMgenHEckrMElkelIRKb;BnøWdéTeToténCan;fñak;enH. eBlEdlbiTelI Use Global Setting, Parameters én Shadow RtUvkMnt;eTACalMGgénBnøW. - Color : bgðajBI Color Selector dialog edIm,IeRCIserIsBN’sMrab;karecalRsemaledayBnøWenH. Default = Black GñkGaceFVIeGayRsemalénBN’manclna)an. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 144

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Dens (Desity) : sMrbsRmYlelIdg;sIueténRsemal . eqVg ³ bEnßmdg;sIuetrbs;Rsemal sþaM ³ bnßydg;sIueténRsemal bEnßmtMélén Density naMeGaybEnßmdg;sIuet (PaBggwt) énRsemal. karbEnßm Dersity eFVIeGay Rsemalmandg;sIuettic. Default = 1.0 dg;sIuetGacmantMélGviC¢man EdlGacCYykñúgkarcMlgRbsiT§iPaB éncMNaMgpøatrbs;BnøW. RsemalmanBN’s nig Density mantMélGviC¢maneFVIeGay Render )anCa RsemalmanlkçN³ggwt /tamry³KuNPaBTaMgenHvaminmanKuNPaBl¥dUc RsemalmanBN’ggwt nig Density mantMélviC¢manenaHeT . GñkGaceFVI Density manclna)an. - Map : kMnt;EpnTImYyeTARsemal. BN’rbs;EpnTIRtUv)anbBa¢ÚlpSMKñaCamYynwgBN’énRsemal . Default = none ebIkelIenHedImÇIeRbIR)as;karkMnt;EpnTICamYynwgb‘Utug Map. Default = off - Map check Box : - Light Affect Shadow Color : eBlEdlebIk / pSMbBa©ÚlBnøWrbs;BN’CamYynigBN’énRsemalmYy ¬rW Shadow eRcIn / ebIsinRsemalRtUv)anbBaÚ©lCaEpnTI ¦ Default = off Almosphere Shadows group karRtYtBinitüTaMgenH GnuBaØatieGaymanRbsiT§iPaBénkarecalRsemalmkelIbriyakas. - On : eBlEdlebIk/ RbsiT§iPaBénkarecalRsemalmkelIbriyakasKWdUcCaBnøWEdlqøgkat;va. Default = off karRtYtBinitüenHmanlkçN³ÉkraCürbs; On EdlCaknøas;sMrab; Object Shadow Fmμta. + Note : BnøWmYyGacecalRsemalelibriyakas b:uEnþvaminEmnCaRsemalFmμtaeT / rW KWCaKuNvibtþiénPaBxus²Kña . vaGacecalRsemalTaMgBIrya:g rW KWminEmnTaMgBIr. - Opacity : sRmbsRmYlelIPaBRsGab;énRsemal / tMélenHKWCaPaKry . Default = 100.0 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 145

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Color Amount : sMrbsMrYlelIcMnYnénBN’rbs;briyakasRtUvbBa©ÚlCamYynwgBN’énRsemal. tMélenHKWCaPaKry . Default = 100.0 Projection Parameters. . Create Panel Lights Create an Omni, Spot, r WBnøWpÞal; Projector Parameter rollout, spotlight Parameters rollout or Directional Parameter rollout. GñkGaceFVIeGayBnøWénvtßúmYykøaydUcCakarbBa¢aMgPaBynþedaykareRCIserIsEpnTImYysRmab;BnøW edIm,IkarbBa¢aMgkun. EdnTIEdl)anbBa¢aMgelIenaHGacCarUbenAnwg rW manclna. karecalRsemalénkarbBa¢aMgkunedaysarBnøWmYy sRmab;BnøW Omni, kMnt;BIkarbgðajc,as;las;mYyén Projection Parameters rollout, EdlrYmCamYy EtkarRtYtBinitüelIkarbBa¢aMgb:ueNÑaH. sRmab; Spotlight , Parameters TaMgenHKWCaEpñkmYyén Spot Light Parameters rollout. sRmab;BnøWEdlpÞal; / KWCaEpñkén Directional Parameters rollout. ebIkelIenHedIm,IbBa¢aMgEpnTIEdl)an Select edayb‘Utug Map. biTvavijedImÇIbiTkar bBa¢aMg. - Check Box : - Map : eGayeQμaHelIEpnTIEdl)aneRbIsRmab;kardak;bBa¢aMg. GñkGacGUs Mouse BIEpnTIEdl )ankMnt;NamYyk¾)anenAkñúg Material Editor, b¤ b‘UtugénEpnTIdéTeTót (EdlenAkñúg dialog RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 146

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Environment) ehIyTMlak;EpnTIenaHenAelIBnøWénb‘Utug Map. Click elI MapedImÇIbgðaj Material / map Browser . GñkGaceRCIserIsRbePTénEpnTIedayeRbIR)as; Browser bnÞab;mkGUsb‘UtugenaHeTA Material Editor, ehIyeRbIR)as; Material Editor edImÇI Seect nigsRmbsRmYlelIEpnTI. Spottight Parameters . Create panel Lights Create Target Spotlight or Free Spotlight Spotlight Parameters rollout bgðajeLIgeBlEdlGñkbegáIt b¤ Select elI Target spot mYy b¤ Free Parameter rollout of Spotlight spotlight. Parameters TaMgenHRtYtBinitüelI Hotspots and Falloff, shadow mapping nig enAkñúgkNIén Free Spotlights, Target Distance. Light Cone group TaMgenHRtYtBinitü Hotspots nig Falloff sRmab; Spotlight. Parameters - Show cone : ebIkvaedIm,IbgðajBIekan biT b¤ ebIk. +Note : ConeEtgEtmanlkçN³GacemIleXIjeBlEdlBnøWmYyRtUv)an Select, dUcenHkarRtdagnUv Check Box enHminmanRbsiT§iPaBeGayeXIjcÇas;rhUtTal;EtGñkedaH Select elIBnøW. - Overshoot : eBlEdl Overshoot RtUv)ankMnt;/ BnøWecalePøIgeTAtamRKb;TisedATaMgGs;. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday / kardak;bBa¢aMgnigRsemalekIteLIgEtenAkñúg Falloff énekanrbs;vab:ueNÑaH. - Hotspot : sRmbsRmYlelImMurbs;BnøWénekanmYy . tMélrbs; HotspotRtUv)anKitCadWeRk. Default = 43.0 - Falloff : sRmbsRmYlelImMurbs;BnøWén Falloff tMélrbs; Falloff RtUv)anKitCadWeRk. Default = 45.0 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 147

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC kMnt;BIrUbragéntMbn;rbs; Falloff nig Hotspot kMnt;elI Circle eBlEdl - Circle / Rectangle : Gñkcg;)anKMrUmYy/ CaBnøWmanragrgVg; . kMnt;elI Rectangle eBlEdsGñkcg;)an)ac;BnøWragctuekaNEkg dUcCaBnøWEdlecaltambg¥crWmat;TVar. - Aspect (TidæPaB) : kMnt;elIGnu)aténTidæPaBsRmab;)ac;BnøWragctuekaN b‘Utug Bitmap Fit GnuBaØati eGayGñkeFVIeGayGnu)aténTidæPaBRtUvKñanwg Bitmap Edl)ankMnt;. Default = 1.0 - Bitmap Fit : RbsinebITidæPaBénkarbBa¢aMgBnøWmanragctuekaNEkgkMnt;elIGnu)aténTidæPaBedIm,IeGayRtUvKña nwglMGg Bitmap. vamansarRbeyaCn¾EdlGñkeRbIBnøWdUcCaBnøWsRmab;karbBa¢aMg . emIlelI Projection Parameters. Projector Map group karRtYtBinitüTaMgenHeFVIeGay Spotlight køayeTACakarbBa¢aMg. sMrab;dMenIrkarenH emIlelI Projectors Parameters - Check box : ebIkelIvaedIm,IbBa¢MgEpnTIEdl)an Select edayb‘Utug Map. biTvavijedIm,I biTkarbBa¢aMg. - Map : eGayeQμaHEpnTIEdl)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;karbBa¢aMg - Target Distance : bgðajBIcMgayrvag Spotlight nigeKaledArbs;va. edImÇIbegáItBnøWénkMraleday Omni Light 1 - Select Create/ Geometry eRbI Geometry/ RbGb;nigerobcMCBa¢aMgénkMral bnÞat; duster 2- 3 - eRbIR)as; Sphere nigKUrGMBUlePøIgBIr 4 - eRbIR)as; Torus nigKUreCIgmYyCYrnigGMBUlePøIgmYy 5- Click elI Target nkaemra:/ smμPaBmYyTTYl)annUv]bsKÁmYynigkaemra:kñúg ViewPort EdlsMercdUcCarUbmYy. 6 - tMrWmelIvtßúTaMgGs;. RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 148

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 7- elI Creat / Light Click 8- Select yk Omni Light kñúgcMeNamBnøWTaMgT,ay 9- erobcMBnøWegaysßitenAcMTItaMgénBak;kNþalkMBs;rbs;bnÞb; dUcrUb 8- 1 10- eFIVeGayBnøW Omni dUcrUb 3-1 nig erobcMvaeGaydUcrUb 9 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 149

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 11- eFIVeGayRbePTénrUbnImYy² 10-1 nig 11-1 tamry³BnøW Omni énrUb 10 nig BnøW Omni énrUb 11 ehIyerobcMelIva 12- Select elIGMBUlePøIg GKÁIsnImYyenAkñúgCYredIm,IeFIVEpnTI 13- Click elIbUtug Materal Edit 14- Select elIRbehagKMrU TImYyenAkñúg Material Editor Window 15- Click elI Assign Material edIm,Ikar Select elIEpnTI Edl)an Select ehIy 17- bþÚrBN Diffuse nig Ambient dUcrUbenAkñúg Basic Parameter 18- sMrbsMrYlelItMélén Opacity eGayeTAelx 90 19- bþÚrtMélén Specular Highlight eGaydUcCarUbmYy 20- Click elIb‘Utug Render Last ehIybgÁab;elIkar Render RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 150

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2- CAMERAS 2-1 Cameras Create Panel - Cameras kaemr:abgðajeGayeXIjBIpÞaMg TsSnIyPaBmYyecj BIlMGgéncMnucrbs;KMehIj .kaerdak;kaemr:a elIvtßú CakarcMlgCarUb manlkçN³enAnig fál; rUb EdlkMerIk rWk¾vIedGUkaemr:a EdlmanenAkñúgBiPBelakBit . CamYynig Camera Viewpoint GñkGacsMrbsMrYlelIkarmr:a dUcCaeBlEdlGñkkMBugEtsMlIgtamkaNugrbs;va . Camera Viewport GacmanGtßRbeyaCn¾sMrab;kar Edit elI Geometry k¾dUcCakarerobcMelIpÞaMgTsSnIyPaBsMrab;kar Render . ebIman Camera eRcInGaceGaynUvKMehIjxusKña enAkñúgpÞaMgTsSnIyPaBEtmYYy . -Lens: kMnt;elIRbEvgéncMnucrYmrbs;kaemr:aenAkñuúgtMél CamIlIEm:Rt. eRbIR)as; Lens Spinner edIm,IeGaytMélenAelIRbEvgéncMnucrYm RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 151

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC CatMélepSgeTot BItMél " Stock" bc©úb,nñenAelIb‘Utug kñúgRbGb; stock Lenses Group eBlEdlGñkbþÚrtMél én Aperture Width enAkñúg Rerder Seence Diolog Gñkk¾GacbþÚrtMélenAkñuúgépÞ Lens Spinner)anEdr. lkçN³TaMgenHmin)anpøas;bþÚrKMehIj tamry³ kaemr:aeT b:uEnþvapøas;bþÚrTMnakTMng rvagtMélrbs; Lens nig tMélrbs; FOV k¾dUcCaGnu)aténTidæPaB rbs;ekanénkaemr:a . -FOV Direction Flyout GnuBaØtieGayGñkeRCIserIs BIrebo b Apply tMé;lénépÞrbs;KMehIj ( For - Field of View ) - Horizontal ( Default ) Apply FoV edaykarepþk . enHKWCaviFIKMrUedIm,IkMnt; nig vas;RbEvg Fov . - Vertical : Apply Fov edaykarbBaÆr - Diagonal : Apply FOV edaykarbBa¢it cab;BIRCugmYy enAkñúg Viewport eTAkan;RCugmYyeTot - FOV : kMnt;BIépÞTUlayéntMbn;rW kEnøgmYyEdlkaemr;aGac View eXIj . - Orthographic Projection : eBlEdlebIk KMehIjrbs;kaemr:a manlkçN³dUcCa User view . - Stock Lenses Group 15 mm , 20mm , 24 mm , 28 mm , 35 mm , 50 mm , 85 mm , 135 mm , 200mm : tMélEdlbgðajTaMgGs;enHsMrab;kMnt;BIRbEvgéncMnucrYmrbs;kaemr:a KitCamIlIEm:Rt . - Types : pøas;bþÚrRbePTénkaemr:aedaycab; BI Target eGayeTACa free Camera and Vice Versa . - Show Case : bgðajBIekan ¬ CaFmμtaKWCaBiraIidmYy ¦ Edl)ankMnt;edayépÞrbs; kaemr:a rbs;KMehIj . ekanbgðajecj enAkñúg Viewport d¾éTeTot b:uEnþmin)anbgðajenAkñúg Camera Viewport eT . - Show Horizon : bgðajBIbnÞat;epþk . bnÞat;EdlmanBN RbepHcas;bgðajecj enAkMrit énEpñkepþk enAkñuúg View port rbs; Camera . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 152

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC bnÞat;epþkEdl)anbgðajenACitEpñkxagelI énpÞaMgrUb Environment Ranges Group - New Range and Far Range : kMnt;BIRBMEdn énCYrCit nig CYrF¶ay sMrab;karkMnt; BIRbsiT§PaB elIbriyakas enAkñúg Environment dialog . vtßúEdlenAcenøaH RBMEdnBIr ecalRsemalenAcenøaHtMél Far % nig Near % . - Show : bgðajragctuekaNEkg EdlenAkñúgekanénkaemr:a edIm,IbgðajBIkarkMnt; elI CYr Near and Far . Clipping Places Group erobcMelI Option edIm,IkMnt;elI Clipping Planes . enAkñúg Viewports Clipping Planes RtUv)anbgðajedaymanragctuekaNEkgBNRkhm ¬ CamYynig RCugbBa¢itKña ¦ EdlenAkñúgekanénkaemr:a . - Clip Manually : ebIkelIenHedIm,IkMnt; Clipping Plans eBlEdl Clip Manually RtUvbiT Geometry NaEdlxiteTACit kaemr:a elisBI 3 Unit minRtUv)anbgðajeGayeXIjeT . edIm,IrMlgelIva . eRbI Clip Manually . - kMnt;elIépÞrabCit nig F¶ay . vtßúEdlxiteTACit Near Clipping Plane rW Near Clip and Far Clip : XøateTAF¶ay Far Clipping Plans minGacemIleXIjedaykaemr:aeT . RBMEdnéntMélrbs; Far Clip KW 10 ebIeFobnig tMéleBj 32 . CamYYy nig karebIkelI Manual Clipping, Near Clipping PlaneGacxiteTACitkaemr:aedaytMél 0>1 Unit . - Caution : tMélFMbMputén Far Clip GacbegáIteGaymankar error elIvtßúGENþt ( Floating - Point Error ) EdlGacbgáreGaymanCabBaða Z- buffer enAkñúg Viewport dUcCavtßúbgðajeT,IgenAcMeBaH muxvtßúd¾éTeTot eBlEdlminKYrbgðaj . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 153

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RbsiTi§PaBén Clipping Planes Mutli- Pass Effect Group karRtYtBiniüTaMgenHGnuBaØatieGayGñkkMnt;yk Depth - of - field rW Motion Blur EdlmanRbsiT§iPaBenAkaemr:a . eBlEdlvaRtUv)anbegáIteT,Igedaykaemr:a RbsiT§PaB TaMgenHbegáIteGay)anCasñam RbT,ak;edaykar Render elIpÞaMgrUbenAkñúgkarqøgkat;Ca eRcInCamYynig kar Off sets . BYkvabEnßmeBlsMrab;kar Render . - Tip : Depth- of field and Motion Blur vamanRbsiT§PaBy:agBiessenAelIKñaeTAvijeTAmk . BIeRBaHvasMGagelIkarqøgkat;nUv kar Render CaeRcIn Apply vaTaMgBIreTAkaemr:aEtmYYy GacCa karyWWty:agxøaMgmYy . RbsinebIGñkcg;eRbIR)as; Depth- of - field and motion blur enAkñúgpÞaMgrUbEtmYy RtUveRbI Depth - of - field CaeRcIn¬ eRbIR)as; Parameter énkaemr:aTaMgenH ehIybB©ÚalvaCamYyvtßú motion Blur . - Enable : eBlEdlebIkelIenH edayeRbIR)as;elIRbsiT§PaB eyIgGaceFIVkar Preview and DRedner . eBlEdlbiTRbsiT§PaBminRtUv)an Render eT . - Preview : Click edIm,I Preview emIlelIRbsiT§PaB enAkñúg Camera Viewport EdlmanskmμPaB . b‘UtugenHminmanRbsiT§PaBGIVeT RbsinebI Viewport EdlmanskmμPaB minman Camera View . - Effect Drop- down list : GnuBaØatieGayGñkeRCIserIsykRbsiT§PaB én multi - pass NamYYyedIm,IeFIVkarbegáIt Deptth-0f- Field and motion Blur . RbsiT§PaBTaMgenHmanlkçN³y:ag BiesseTAel;IKñaeTAvijeTAmk . Default Depth of Field -Note : Rollout sMrab;kareRCIserIsnUvkarbgðajeT,Ig BIRbsiT§PaB tamry³ Default bnÞab;BI Parameters rollout . - Render Effects Per pass : eBlEdlebIk Apply RbsiT§PaB énkar Render RbsiT§PaBebImankarkMnt;GIVTukehIy edIm,IeGaykarqøgkat;nImYy²rbs;RbsiT§PaBénkarFøg;kat; eRcIn . eBlEdlbiT Apply RbsiT§PaBénkar Render )anEtbnÞab;BIkarqøgkat;EdlbEgáItRbsiT§ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 154

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC PaBénkarqøg;kat;eRcIn . Default- off karbiTelI Render Effects per pass GaceFIVeGayeBlsMrab; Render ekIneT,Ig sMrab;RbsiT§PaBénkarqøg;kat;eRcIn - Target Distance : CamYynigkaemr:aesrI kMnt;cMnucmYyedIm,IeRbIR)as;vaeTACaeKaledAEdl emIlmineXIjmYy dUcenHGñkGac orbit kaemr:aCMuvijcMnucenaH . CamYynig Target Camera cg¥úlR)ab;BIcMgayrvagkaemr:a nig eKaledarbs;va . edIm,IbegáIt Camera and Clipping 1- eRbIR)as;ragsIuT,aMgmUlenAkñúg Create/ Geometry edIm,IbegáItsresrragmUl 4 dUcrUb ehIyerobcMelIva 2- Click elI Create/ Camera edIm,I Select eKaledArbs;kaemr:a 3- begáItkaemr:amYyenAkñúg Top viewport edIm,IkMnt;BI TItaMgrbs;kaemr:a 4- rMkileKaledArbs;kaemr:a eTAkan;vtßúNaEdlGñkcg;dak;TItaMgva 5- Select ykRbePTénkaNugrbs;kaemr:a Edl)ankMnt;TukbnÞab; BIkarerobcMelIkaemr:a 6- Viewport bMElgeTACa Viewpot rbs;kaemr:a RbsinebIGñk Click elIGkSr C enAkñúg Viewport Nak¾eday RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 155

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 7- BinitüelI Clip Menu enAkñúg Clipping Planes nig tMélrbs; Near nig Far Edl)anvaybBa¢ÚlehIy 8- kMnt;tMélrbs; Near eGayenAcMkNþalsrsrragmUlTImYy 9- kMnt;tMélrbs; Far eGayenAcMBak;kNþalsrsrragmUlcugeRkay eK 10- GacemIlvaeXIj enAEpñkxagmux nig EpñkxageRkayrbs;srsr ragmUlkøayeTACa Clipping ¬karkat;¦ enAkñúg Camera Viewport RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 156

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC CMBUkTI 4 Image Material Mapping 1- Material Editor - Main Toolbal - Material Editor - Rendering Menu- Material Editor Material pþl;eGaynUvmuxgaredIm,IbegáItnig Editor Edit elIM Material and maps . sMPar³TaMgT,aybegáIteGay)anrUbPaBmanlkçN³BitenAkñúgpÞaMgrUb . sMPar³mYyBNnaGMBI rebobEdlvtßúenaHmancMNaMg rWbBa¢ÚnBnøW . KuNPaBénsMPar³eFIVkary:agCitsñIT ( hand- in -hand) CamYynigKuNPaBénBnøW kareGayRsemal rwkar Render EdlbBa¢ÚlvaTaMgBIrenh CakarcMlg rW EkøgeFIVBIrebob EdlvtßúGaceXIjdUckñúgkarerobcMva eGaydUckñúgBiPBelakBit . Sample Slots RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 157

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Material Deditor - Sample Slots display Slot KMrUTaMgenHGnuBaØatieGayGñkrkSaTuk nig Preview emIlsMParH nig Maps . Slot nimYy² Preview eGayeXIjsMParHmYyrW Map mYYy . GñkGac pøas;bþÚrsMPar³ tamry³karkareRbIR)as; Material Editor Controlnig GñkGackMnt;sMPar³enH TAkan;vtßúCa eRcInenA kñúgpÞaMgrUb . viFIEdlgayRsYlbMputedIm,IeFIVva KWGUssMPar³enaHecj BI Slot KMrUeTAkan;vtßúEdlenAkñúg Viewports . - Important : kñúgxN³ Material Editor Gac Edit sMParHminelIs BI 24 kñúgeBlEtmYYy pÞaMgrUbGacpÞÚknUvcMnYnsMPar³eRcInKμankMnt; . eBlEdlGñkkMBugEt Edit elIsMPar³mYy ehIy)ankMnt;vaeTAkan;vtßúenAkñúgpÞaMgrUbEdr ¬rW begáItfIμmYyeTot ¦ ehIy edit elIva . GñkGacbgðajecjnUv slot KMrUmYyenAkñúg Windown rbs;vapÞal; . karBeRgwkelI stot KMruenh GaceFIVeGayvamanlkçN³kan;EtgayRsYledIm,IkarPreview emIlsMParH . GñkGacEkTMhM window Edl)anBRgwkenH)an edIm,IeFIVeGayvakan;Et FM . edIm,IBRgwkeli stot KMrU RtUv double click vlIva rW click mouse sþaM ehIyeRCIserIsykBakü magnify ecjBI menu Edlelatecjmk . Hot and cool Material slot KMrUmYymanlkçN³ekþA "hot " eBlEdlsMPar³enAkñúgslot enaHRtUv)anelIvaeGayeTACaépÞmuxmYy rW eRcInenAkñúgpÞaMrUb . eBlEdlGñkeRbI Material Editor edIm,IsMrbsMrYlelI slot KMrUekþAmYYy sMPar³EdlenAkñúgpÞaMgrUbenHk¾dUrenAeBlEtmYyEdr . enARCugEkg én Slot KMrUmYyvacg¥úlbgðaj BIsMPar³NaEdlCaRbePTsMPar³ekþA . - No triangle : sMPar³minRtUv)aneRbIR)as; enAkñúgpÞaMgrUbeT - outline White triangle : CasMPar³ekþA n½ymü:ageTot KW vaFøab;ekItmanmþgenAkñúgpÞaMgrUb . karpøas;bþÚrEdlGñkeFIVelIsMPar³enAkñúg Slot KMrU nigpøas;bþÚrsMPar³EdlbgðajenAkñúgpÞaMgrUb . - Solid White triangle : sMPar³enHminRtwmEtekþAeT EtvaRtUv)ankMnt;eTAelIvtßúEdleTIbnig Select ehIyfμI . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 158

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC eFVg sMPar " Hot " RtUv)ankMnt;elIvtßúEdleTIbEt Select ehIyfIμ² kNþal sMPar³ "hot " RtUv)ankMnt;enAelIpÞaMgrUb EtvaminEmnCavtßúEdleTIb select ehiyeT sþaM sMPar³ "Cool " vamanskμPaB EtminTan;)ankMnt; rW eRbIkñúgpÞaMgrUbeT Material Editor Tools Material Editor Tools enAxageRkam nig enAxagsþaMén Slot KMrUenAxageRkam nig xagsþaM én materia Editor rbs; Slot KMrU KWCab‘Utut nig karRtYtBinitüd¾éTeTot EdlGñkeRbIR)as;vaedIm,IeFIVkarRKb;RKg nig pøas;bþÚrsMPar³ nig map . b‘UtugenAEpñkxagsþaM SlotKMrU - Sample Type . Material Editor - Sample Type b‘UtugenHenAelI Sample Type eRCIserIsykRbePTénvtßúEdl preview eXIj Edl)aneRbIenAkñúg Slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB - backlight ebIkelI Backlight edIm,IbEnßmBnøWxageRkayeTA slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 159

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - background ebIkelI background edIm,ibEnßmBNCaeRcInEdl)anBInitüehIy eTAkan;épÞxageRkam én Slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB . RklaénépÞxageRkamGacCYy)aneBlEdlGñkcg;eXIjRbsiT§PaBénPaB RsGab;rwttmøaPaB . - Sample UV Tiling b‘UtugenAkñúg Sample UV Tiling EdlsMrbsMrYlelIkareFIVeT,Igvij - Video Color Check Video Color Check BinitüelIsMPar³EdlenAkñúgvtßúKMrU sMrab;BNnaEdlenABIeRkay NISC rW Pal Threshold suvtßPaB . - Make preview , Play preview , Save Preview GñkGaceFIVeGay maps kMerIk)anedIm,IbEnßm clna eTAelIpÞaMgrUb . ]TahrN¾ edIm,IeFIVkarcMlgKMehIj énépÞemX GñkGacbMBak;nUvclna énBBkrsat;eTAkan; Clerestory Window . Make Preview option GnuBaJatiþeGayGñkeFIVkarBiesaFn¾ CamYy nig RbsiT§PaBenAkñúg Material Editor muneBlEdlGñk apply vaeTAkñúgpÞaMgrUb . - material editor option dialog Material editor option dialog RtYtBinitüBIrebobEdlsMPar³ nig maps RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg slot KMrU . -Select by material Select by material beNþayeGayGñk select vtßúCaeRcInenAkñúgpÞaMgrUbEdlGaRs½yelIsMPar³ enAkñúg material Editor b‘UtugenHminGacdMeNIrkar)aneT Tal;Et slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB pÞúknUvsMPar³Edl)aneRbIenAkñúgpÞaMgrUbehIy . - Material / Map Navigator Material/ Map Navigator KWCa dialog m:UEdlmYYyEdlpþl;eGaynUvkarsÞg;emIl y:agrh½s tamry³lMdab;fñak;én maps rw sMPar³ rW énsMPar³bnÞab;EdlpSMKñaenAkñúgsMPar³mYYy . - Get Material Get Material bgðajecjnUv material / map Browser edIm,IGnuBaØatieGayGñkeRCIserIssMPar³ rW map - Put material to Scene RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 160

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Put material to scene sMrab; update elIsMPar³mYyenAkñúgpÞaMgrUb bnÞab;BIGñk editor elI material kar put material to scene GacdMenIrkar)anEteBlEdl sMPar³enAkñúg slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB )ankøayeTACamaneQμaHdUcKña nig sMPar³enAkñúgpÞaMgrUb Edr ehIysMPar³enAkñúg slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB KWvaminekþAeT . - Assign material to Selection Assign material to selection kMnt;sMPar³enAkñúg slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB eTAkan;vtßúEdleTIbnig select ehIyfμI² rW vtßúTaMgT,ayEdlenAkñúgpÞaMgrUb . enAeBlenH slot KMrUERbkøayCaekþA . - Reset map/ mH to Default setting Reset map/ mH to default setting sMrab;kMnt;tMélmþgeToyeTAelI map rW sMPar³EdlenAkñúg slot KMrUEdlmanskmμPaB . BNTaMgT,ayrbs;sMPar³RtUv)anykecj nig kMnt;vaeGayeTACaRsemal BNRbepH . PaBEcgcaMg PaBRsGab; nig epSg²eTot RtUv)an kMnt;eTAtMél EdlCa default rbs;BYkvavij . maps RtUv)ankMnt;eTACasMPar³Edl)anykecj . - make material copy Make material copy eFIVeGayRtCak; cool nUv slot KMrUEdlekþAtamry³kar copy sMPar³eTAxøÜn vapÞal;. slot KMrUenaHmin)anenAekþAeTAeToteT b:uEnþsMPar³enAEtcaMTuknUvKuNPaB nig eQμaHrbs;va . GñkGacsMrbsMrYl elIsMPar³edayminmanplb:HBal;eTAelIpÞaMgrUbeT . eBlEdlGñkTTYlnUvGIV EdlGñkcg;)anmþgehIy GñkGac click elI put material to scene edIm,I update sMPar³enAkñúg pÞaMgrUb ehIypøas;bþÚr slot KMrUeGayeTACaekþAmþgeTot)an . - make unique make unique sMrab;begáIt map mYyeGayeTACa copy EdlmanEtmYykt; . vak¾GacbegáIt sMPar³bnÞab;BIEdlenAQrdac;EtÉg . vapþl;eGaysMPar³bnÞab;CaeQμaHsMPar³fIμmYy . sMPar³rag rWsMPar³bnÞab; KWmanlkçN³dUcCasMPar³mYyEdlenAkñúg multi / sub- object material . eRbIR)as; make unique edIm,IkarBarkarpøas;bþÚreTACasMPar³kMritxçs; (top- level) Edl)an BI RbsiT§PaBrbs;sMPar³rag ¬ sub material ) EdlenAkñúg multi / sub- object material . - put to library Put to library sMrab;bEnßmsMPar³Edl)an Select eTAkan;bNÑl½y - Material Effects Channel RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 161

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC b‘UtugEdlenAelI Material Effects Channel bgðajCapøaksMPar³mYYydUcCaeKaledAsMrab; RbsiT§PaBén kar Render edayGaRs½yelI G - Buffer Channel rW sMrab;karrkSarUbPaBEdl)an Render ehIyeday Save va enAkñúg RLA ( rla) rW RPF ( rpf) file Format . - Show Map in Viewport Show Map in Viewport bgðajecj BI sMPar³Edl)anbMBak;ehIy enAelIépÞmuxrbs;vtßúnanaenAkñúg Viewport CamYYynig kar Render pgEdr - Show End Result Show End Result GnuBaØatiþeGayGñkemIlelIsMPar³enAkMritEdlGñkkMBugsißtenA CMnYseGaykar emIlelIlT§plbBa¢ab;énkarbMBak;sMPar³TaMgT,ay rW karerobcMTaMgT,ay . - Go To Parent Go to Parent sMrab;rMkilsMPar³fμI²eT,IgelImYykMriteTot - Go Forward To sibling Go forward to sibling sMrab;rMkilsMPar³eTAkarbMBak;fIμ rW eTAkMritdUcKñasMrab;sMPar³fIμ . 1-1 Material Type sMPar³CaeRcInbegáIteGay)anCaPaBemIleTAmanlkçN³dUcrbs;BitenAkñúgpÞaMgrUb. sMPar³mYy BNnaBIrrebobéncMNaMgpøat rbs;vtßúrWkarbBa¢ÚnBnøW . GñkGackMnt;sMPar³elIvtßúpÞal; NamYYy rW kMnt;elI kar Select pÞaMgrUbEtmYYyGacpÞúknUvsMPar³xus²KñaCaeRcIn . sMPar³xusKña k¾mankareRbIR)as;xus²KñaEdr . Standard Material Material Editor - type button - Material / Map Browser - Standard Shader Basic Parameters rolloutGnuBaØatiþeGayGñkeRCIserIsRbePT GñkeGayRsemalkñúgkareRbI CamYYysMPar³ Standard mYYy . karbEnßmkarRtYtBinitüxøHmanplb:HBal;BIrebobEdl sMPar³bgðaj eT,Ig . - Shader drop- down list : sMrab;eRCIserIsGñkdak;Rsemal . GaRs½yedaykardak;RsemalEdlGñk eRCIserIs basic parameter rollout rbs;sMPar³Gacpøas;bþÚr eTACakarbgðajeGayeXIjkarRtYt BinitüsMrab;kardak;RsemalenH . lkçNHEdlGaceRCIserIs)anKW RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 162

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Anisotropie : sMrab;épÞmuxCamYyrageGlIb " anisotropic highlights " - Blinn : sMrab;épÞmuxragmUl kar highlights Rsal² CaCagkardak;Rsemal phone . - sMrab;épÞmuxCaelah³Fatu . Metal : - Multi - Layer : sMrab;épÞmuxeRcInCamYykarkar Highlight s sμúksμaj Cag Anisotropic . - oren- Nayer- Blim : sMrab;épÞmuxEdlCab;;kNþaj;Kña dUcCasac;RkNat; rW Terra- cotta . - Phong: sMrab;épÞmuxEdlrwgmaM kar highlights manragrgVg;mUl - Strauss : sMrab;épÞmuxCaelah³ rWGelah³ . Strausss Shader manépÞmuxxagkñúg gay eRbI Cagkardak;Rsemald¾éTeTot . Blinn KWCa Default sMrab;RbePTénkardak;Rsemal - Wire: sMrab; Render EdlenAkñúgmUd Wire frame . GñkGackMnt;TMhMrbs;ExSlYs ¬wire) enAkñúg extended parameters . - eFIVeGayvtßúmanmuxBIrsgxag . Apply sMPar³eTAkan;cMehogTaMgBIrénépÞmux Edl)an Select . 2- Side : - face Map: Apply sMPar³eTAépÞmuxrbs; Geometry RbsinebIsMPar³enaHRtUv)anbMBak;sMPar³ ehIy vatMrUveGayminmankarRbtibtþielIkarbMBak;eToteT . karbMBak;enaHva Apply v edaysV½yRbvtþieTAmuxnImYy²rbs;vtßúenaH . - Faceted : sMrab; Render muxnImYy²enAelIépÞmux edayvarabesμI Basic Parameter rollout Anisotropic Basic parameters rollout kardak;Rsemal Anisotropic begáIt)anépÞmuxCarag eGlIb nig Anisotropic highlights . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 163

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC kar Highlight TaMgenHval¥sMrab;kareFIVm:UEdlsk; kBa¢k; rW Rcas;Edk . Parameter RKWHmanlkçNHRsedog KñaeTAniwg phong or Blinn Shadig , elIkElgEt Specular Highlight Parameter or diffuse level Control dUcCasMrab; Oren - Nayar - Blinn Shading . Anisotropy vas;RbEvgénPaBxusKña rvagTMMhM én Highlights Edl)aneXIjBI TisedAbBaÆrBIr . eBlEdl Anisotropy esIμsUnü vaminmanPaBxusKñaTal;EtesaH . highlight manragrgVg;mUl dUcCaenAkñúg phong or Blinn Shading . eBlEdl Anisotropy esIμ 100 manPaBxusKñrbs;va KW manGtibrma . enAkñúgTwsedAEtmYy highlight manragRsYcNas; enAkñúgTisedAdéTeTot vaRtUv)an Binitü eday Glossiness EtmYYy . - Ambient : RtYtBinitüelIBNEdlsayPay . BNEdlmanlkçN³sayPay KWCaBNEdlminenAkñúgTisedAénBnøW . - Diffuse : RtYtBinitüelIBNEdlpSayecj eTA . BNEdlmanlkçN³sßitenAkñúg TisedAénBnWø . - Specular : sMrab;RtYtBinitükasÞg;emIlBNBIcMgay . BNEdlsÞg;rUbrag rbs; highlight enAelIvtßúPøW . GñkGacRtYtBinitüTMMhM nigrUbragrbs; highlight enAkñúg Specular Highlight Group Edlerobrab;xageRkam enH . - Opacity : kMnt;elIPaBRsGab;/ tmøaPaB rbs;sMPar³KitCatMélPaKry . RbsiT§PaBKWCakar Preview Edll¥bMput sMrab;emIlRklaenAépÞxageRkay kñúg Slot KMrU . GñkGacRtYYtBinitüelIPaBRsGab;EdlFøak;enAkñúg Extended Parameters . Click elIb‘Utug Map edIm,IkMnt;BIsmasFatupSMenAkñúgPaBRsGab; . Self- Illumination Group karRtYtBinitüTaMgenH eFIVeGaysMPardak;BnøWedayxøÜnvapÞal; . Self- illumination begáItnUvkarPan;PaMgmYYyénPaBekþAeT,IgBNstamry³karCMnYsRsemalenAelIépÞmuxCamYYnig NnEdlpSayecjeTA . edayGñkbEnßmtMél Self- illumination BNrbs; Self- illumination RKab;BIelIBNEdlsayPayecj . enAkñúgkMnt;tMél 100 sMPar³bgðajnUvtMbn;EdlKμan ecalRsemal EtvaGacbgðaj Highlight manragrgVg;mUl . - diffuse Level : RtYtBinitüelIPaBPøWrbssmasFatupSMénBnøWpSayecjeTArbs;sMPar³ . karbEnßmtMél va nigbnßyPaBPøWrbs;BnøWedayKñanplb:HBal;elIkarsÞg;elI Highlight eT . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 164

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC GñkGactMelIgkMritrbs;BnøWpSayecjeGayxçs;CagtMél diffuse color's value ¬ enAkñúgcMNar HSV rbs;va ¦ parameter enHGactMerobCYrtMélcab;BI 0 eTA 400 . Default = 100 Specular Highlight group - Specular level : manRbsiT§PaBelIGaMgtg;sIueténkarsÞt; highlight edayGñktMelIgtMél highlight manlkçN³kan;EtPøW . Default = 5 click elIb‘Utug map edIm,IkMnt; map mYyeTAsmasFatupSMénkMrit rbs;karsÞg; . emIlelI Specular level mapping b‘UtugenH KWCaBakükat; Gñkk¾GackMnt;karbMBak;nUvkarvas;sÞg;enAkñúg map rollout . edayGñktMelIgtMélva highlight manlkçN³kan;EttUceTA ehIysMPar³bgðajecjkan;EtPøWc,as; . Default = 25 click elIb‘Utug map edIm,IkMnt; map mYYyeTAsmasFatupSMrbs; glossiness . - Anisotropy : sMrab;BinitüelI anisotrophy rWrUbrag rbs; highlight enAtMél 0 highlight manragmUl . enAtMél 100 highlight manlkçN³ceg¥otkan;EtxøaMg . G½kSmYYyrbs;RkahV én highlight bþÚreTACakarbgðajBI bMlas;bþÚrenAkñúg parameters . Default = 500 - Orientation : sMrab;pøas;bþÚrkartMrg;pøÚvén highlight . slot KMrUbgðajBIkarpøas;bþÚrtMrg;pøvenH . vaKWCatMélEdlKitCadWeRK EdlGacenAkñúgCYrcab;BI 0 eTA 9>999 . Default = 0 - Highlight graph : ExSekagEdlRbsBVKñaTaMgBIrenHbgðajBIRbsiT§PaB énkarsMrb sMrYlelItMélrbs; Specular level, Glossiness and Anisotropy edayGñktMelIgtMél Glossiness ExSekagmanlkøN³kan;EtTUlayeT,Ig edayGñktMelIgtMél Specular level ExSekagmanlkøN³kan;Etxçs; . edayGñksMrbsMrYlelI Anisotropy ExSekagBNsERbeTACakarbgðajBIrebobEdl Highlight manlkøNTUlay rWceg¥ot . Extended Parameters rollout extended Parameters rollout manlkøN³ dUcKña sMrab;RbePTénkardak;RsemalTaMgGs;rbs; standard material vamankarRtYtBinitüedaymanTMnak;TMng nig tmøaPaB ehIynigcMNaMgpøatk¾dUcCa option sMrab; wire mode pgEdr . Topic enHpÞúknUvtaragén index of refraction sMrab;sMPar³EdlCalkøN³rUbsaRsþ . lkøN³TaMgenH GacRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;begáIt Standard Material CamYynig tmøaPaBEdlmanlkøN³Bit² . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 165

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Fall off :eRCIserIs Faulloff kñúg rWeRkANak¾)an nig viFIénPaBGs©arürbs;va . - In : tMelIgtMéléntmøaPaBeGayeFçaHeTAEpñkxagkñúgénvtßúdUcCa dbEkvmYYy . - Out : tMelIgtMéléntmøaPaBeGayeFçaHeTAEpñkxageRkAvtßú dUcCaEpSgénBBk . - Amt ( Amount) : kMnt;cMnYnrbs;tmøaPaBEdlsMrab;dak;enAxageRkA nig enAxagkñúg . - type: karRtYtBinitüenHsMrab;eRCIserIsBIviFIEdltmøaPaBRtUv)an Apply . Filter elIkMuBüÚT½r Filter BNmYyEdlmaneRcInedaysarBNenABIeRkayépÞmuxføa . Click elI Color Swatch edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrBN Filter . Click elIb‘UtugedIm,IkMnt;karbMBak;mYyelIsmasFatupSMrbs; Filter Color Sub stractive dkBNecj BIépÞxageRkayénépÞmuxføa - Index of Refraction : kMnt;elI Index of refraction ( IOR) Edl)aneRbIR)as;edaykarbMBak;dMeNIrén kaMrsIμ nig danén)ac;BnøW . EpñkeFVgenAelI 1>0 IOR rbs;xül; vtßúEdlenABIeRkayvtßúføa min)aneFIVeGayxusPaBedImeT . enAtMél 1>5 vtßúEdlenABIeRkaymankarxusPaBedImy:agxøaMg dUcCa m:abkBa¢k; . enAeBlEdl IOR mantMéld¾tictYcCag 1>0 vtßúenHcaMgtamRCugrbs;va dUcCa BBuHEdlemIleXIjenAeRkamTwk . Default = 10 Wire Group - Size :kMnt;TMhMrbs;ExSlYs enAkñúg Wire frame mode . GñkGackMnt;tMélCa pixel rWk¾tMélCa unit Nak¾)an . - In : eRCIserIsBIviFIkñúgkarvas;RbEvgExSrlYl - Pixels ( Default) : v:as;RbEvgExSrlYlCa Pixels . CamYYy pixels ExSlYsrkSanUvkMras; EdlGacemIleXIjdEdl edayminb:HBal;CamYYynig maRtdÐanén Geometry eT rW b:HBal;CamYYy Cit rWq¶ayEdlvtßúsßitenAenaHeT . - Units : v:as;RbEvgExSlYsKitCa Units enAkñúg 3 ds Max . CamYy unit ExSlYsbgðajeT,Igkan;EtesþIg enAkñúg cMgaymYYyehIyva bgðajkan;EtRkas; eBlEdlvaxit eTACitCYr dUcCaRbsinebIBYkvaRtUv)aneFIVCa model enAkñúg geometry . Reflection Dimming Group karRtYtBinitüBIcMNaMpøat énPaBRsGab;enHeRbIsMrab;bMBak;vadUcCa Rsemal . - Apply : ebIkelIvaedIm,IeRbIR)as;cMNaMgpøatEdlmanlkøN³RsGab; . eBlEdlbiT karbMBak;cMNaMgpøat elIsMPar³minmanRbsiT§PaBedaykarmanvtþman rW GviC¢manrbs; BnøWpÞal;eT . Default = off RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 166

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Dim Level : KWcMnYnénPaBRsGab;Edldak;sMrab;Rsemal . enA 0>0 karbMBak;cMNaMgpøak KWmanggwtTaMgRsugenAkñúgRsemal . enAtMél 0>5 karbMBak;cMnaMgpøat KWmanlkøN³ RsGab; Bak;kNþal . enAtMél 1> 0 karbMBak;cMnaMgpøat minmanPaB RsGab;eT ehIysMPar³bgðajecj eday Apply RtUvbiT . Default = 0.0 tMélén Dim Level ticCag 1>0 bnÞab;cMnaMg pøat enA kñúg TItaMgRtUv)anPøWedaypÞal; . eRbItMélTI BIr Reflection level edIm,IeFIVkarTUTat; eTAnigRbsiT§PaBenH . - Refl. Level : RbsiT§PaBrbs;GaMgtg;sIuet éncMNaMgpøat minEmnCaRsemaleT . tMélén Reflection level mankMriténkardak;BnøWeRcInénTItaMgEdlRtUv)anbMPøWedaycMNaMgpøat edIm,ITUTat;Ca mYyPaB EdlRsGab; . kñúgkrNIPaKeRcIn tMélén Default 3.0 rkSaTuknUvcMNaMgpøatenATItaMgEdl - Map rollout Map rollout rbs;sMPar³mYYyGnuBaØtieGayGñkcUleTA ehIykMnt;elIkarbMBak;eTAsmasFatupSMCaeRcIn rbs;sMPar³ . GñkGaceRCIserIsRbePTénkarbMBak;ecjBIlkøN³epSg²CaeRcIn - Ambient Color Mapping : GñkGac Select yk bitmap file mYYyrWykTMrg;karbMBak; edIm,IbMBak;vaeTAelI rUbPaBmYYyeGayeTACaBNEdlsayPaBecjrbs;sMPar³ .rUbPaBRtUv) anlabBNenAelIkarEpñkénkardak;Rsemalrbs;vtßú . - Diffuse Color Mapping : GñkGac Select yk bitmap file mYyTMrg;énkarbMBak;edIm,IkMnt;Rkla rW Texture eTAelIBNEdlpSayecjrbs;sMPar³ . BNénkarbMBak;enaHsßitenACMnYs eGaysmasFatu pSMén BNEdlpSayecjrbs;sMPar³ . enHKWCaRbePTTUeTAbMputsMrab;karbMBak; karbMBak;BN EdlpSayecjmanlkøN³dUcCa KYrrUbmYYenAelIépÞmuxrbs;vtßú . ]TahrN¾ RbsinebIGñkcg;)anCBa¢aMgmYyEdleFIVBIdæ GñkGaceRCIserIskarbMBak;CamYYyrUbPaB éndæ dUcCa bricks . Diffuse level Mapping GñkGac Select yk bitmap file rW k¾TMrgénkarbMBak;edIm,IBinitüelI difusse level Parameters . Pixels BNsenAkñúgbMBak; eFIVeGaykMriténBnøWédlpSayeTAminGacpøas;bþÚr)aneT . Pixels RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 167

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC BNexμAkat;bnßykMritBnøWEdlpSayeTAeGayeTACa 0 . tMélEdldak;Pøam²sMrbsMrYlelIkMritBnøW EdlpSayeTAtamkarsmKYr . Diffuse Roughness mapping GñkGac yk bitmap file mYYy rW TMrgénkarbMBak;edIm,IBinitüelI Roughness parameter enAelIRKwHén Select parameters rollout . Pixels BNsenAkñúgkarbMBak; eFIVeGaybEnßmPaBKeRKIm . Pixels BNexμA eFIVeGaykat;bnßyPaKKeRKImeTAtMMél 0 . tMélEdldak;Pøam² sMrbsMrYl elIPaB KeRKIm eTAtamkarsmKYr Specular Color Mapping GñkGac Select yk bitmap file rWTMrg;énkarbMBak;edIm,I Apply rUbPaBmYYyeTAkan;smasFatupSMén Specular rbs;vtßú . rUbPaBEdlbMBak;bgðajeT,Ig Apply rUbPaBmYYyeTAkan;smasFatupSMén Specular highlight b:ueNÑaH . eBlcMnYn Spinner enAtMél 100 BNén SpecularTaMgGs;RtUv)an pþl;eGay edaykarbMBak; . karbMBak; Specular RtUv)aneRbIR)s;dMbUgsMrab;RbsiT§PaBBiessdUcCakardak; TIkEnøg vtßúmYyenAkñúgcMNaMgpøat . GIVEdlsMxan;kñúgkarcgcaMenaH KW Specular level mindUcKña nig Glossiness mapping eT EdlvasMrab;bMEpøgGaMgtg;sIuet nig TItaMgrbs; Specular Highlights ehIy Specular mapping sMrab;bMEpøgBNrbs; Specular highlight . edIm,I Apply elIkarbMBak; Specular color 1- eRbIR)as; Teapot rbs; create / Geometry edayKUr):an;EtmYYy 2- Apply UVW Map enAkñúg Modify 3- RbePTénkarbMBak;RtUv)ankMnt;TukenAkñúg Spherical 4- Apply Material editor 5- yk slot KMrUdMbUgeK ehIyerobcMkarbMBak;eTAelIvtßú Select 6- Click elI Assign Material edIm,I Select elIb‘Utug 7- emIlelI TMhMrbs; Specular level enAkñúgCYr edIm,IeFIVkarBRgwk muxkat; nig TTYl)an BnøW mkelI)an;Et 8- click elIb‘Utug Specular colar maps enAkñúg map rollout RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 168

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 9- Select yk Bitmap 10- EsVgrkRbPB én Bitmap Edlcg;)anehIy play vaedIm,IebIk ¬enAkñúgrUbxageRkam C: /3dmax/ map/ background / lake- mtimage ) 11- karbgðajecjBIrUbPaBEdleyIg)an Select KWvacaMgpøasenAelIb‘Utug Map 12- Click elI Render Last edIm,I render elIrUbPaB 13- vahak;dUcCasMPar³RtUv)anbegáItehIy edIm,ITTYlyknUvBnøWsrbs;vtßú RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 169

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Opacity Mapping GñkGac Select yk rW TMrgénkarbMBak;edIm,IbegáItEpñkvtßúmYyeGaymantmøaPaB . PaBkan;EtPøW ¬ bit map file highter- value) enAkñúgTIkEnøgénkarbMBak; RtUv RenderedaymanPaBRsGab; TIkEnøgEdlTTYlPaBggwtkarRender KWmanlkçN³PøWfaø cMeBaHtMélenAcenøaHenH KWBak;kNþal tmøaPaB ¬ Semi- Transparent ) erobcMelI Amount rbs;PaBRsGab;énkarbMBak;eGayeTACa 100 ehIy apply karbMBak;TaMg Gs;eTA . kEnøgEdlmantmøaPaB KWvamanenAeBjenaHTaMgGs;Etmþg . kMnt; Amount eTAtMél 0 EdlesμIeTAnigkarbiTral;karbMBak;TaMgT,ay . tMélrbs; amount RtUv)anrYmbBa¢ÚlKñaCa mYYytMél rbs; opacity EdlenAeli Basic Parameters rollout . tMbn;EdlmanPaBføarbs; karbMBak;RtUvkøayCa manPaBkan;EtRsGab; . edIm,IbegáItkarbMBak;EdlmanPaBRsGab; 1- eRbIR)as; Teapont enAkñúg Creat/ Geometry ehIyKUr)a:n;EtmYYy 2- Click elI modify edIm,I apply UVW map RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 170

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3- Apply UVW Map enAkñúg Modify 4- RbePTénkarbMBak;RtUv)ankMnt;enAkñúg Spherical 5- Apply Material editor ehIy select yk slot KMrUdMbUg 6- Click Assign material edIm,I)ankar Select elIb‘Utug 7- Click elIb‘Utug Opacity map enAkñúg map rollout 8- Select RbePTén Checker Map enAkñúg Material / Map browser 9- GñkGacemIleXIjRbGb;éndialog Checker Parameter 10- vaytMélbBa¢Úl ¬ U : 4, V: 4) edIm,IkarbMBak;dækar:U 11- pøas;bþÚrBN checker color # 1 and Color # 2 eGayeTACaexμA nig s . BIeRBaHenAkñúgPaBbMBak;PaBRsGab; eFIVeGaykan;EtPøW ¬tMélkan;Etxçs;¦ TIkEnøgénkarbMBak;RtUv Render eGaymanPaBRsGab; TIkEnøgEdlkan;Etggwt RtUv Render eGaymanPaBføa . 12- Click elI Render Last edIm,IeFIVkar Render 13- vamanlkçN³tmøaPaB ehIyEpñkrbs;):an;EtmYy manBNexμA EdlRtUvKña nig karemIlkñúg Checker ehIyEpñkEdlmanBNs emIleTAeXIjPaBRsGab; . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 171

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Bump Mapping GñkGac Select yk bitmap File mYYyrW TMrgénkarbMBak; edIm,IeRbICamYYy Bump Mapping . Bump Mapping begáIt)anvtßúmYyEdlelcecjedaymanlkçN³TgÁicKña rWmanépÞmuxEdlmanlkøN³ xusBIFmμta . eBlEdlGñk Render vtßúmYyedaysMPar³ Bump- mapped TIkEnøgEdlkan;EtPøW ¬kan;Ets¦ edaykarbMBak;bgðajecj edaymanlkøN³egIbxçs; ehIyTIkEnøgEdlkan;Etggwt ¬kan;EtexμμA ¦ edaykarbMBak; bgðajecjedaymanlkçN³cuHTab . Reflection Mapping GñkGac select yk bitmap file mYy rWTMrg;énkarbMBak;edIm,IeRbIR)as;CakarbMBak;nUvcMNaMgpøat . edIm,IbegáItkarbMBak;cMNaMgpøat 1- begáIt)anEtenAkñuúg Viewport NamYYyk¾)an 2- Click elI UVW Map enAkñúg modify rollout edIm,I Apppy UVW Map RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 172

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3- Select RbePT karbMBak; Spherical EdlenAkñúg Mapping Rollout 4- Click elI Materaila Editor 5- Select elI Slot KMrUdMbUg 7- Click elIb‘Utug Relection enAkñúg Maps rollout 8- Select RbePTén Bitmap edIm,IbMBak;EdlenAkñúgRbGb; diolog Material / Map Browser . 9- EsVgrkRbPBén Bitmap Edlcg;)an ehIy play vaedIm,IebIk ¬enAkñúgrUbxageRkam KW C: / 3d max / map/ background/ lake- mt image ) 10- Select rUbPaB bitmap NamYyEdlGñkcg;)an 11- Click ok 12- Click elI Render last b‘Utug EdlenAelI Toolbar 13- GñkGacemIleXIjsMPar³EdlcaMgeRBok² RtUv)anbegáItecj BI):an;Et . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 173

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Multi/ Sub- Object Material Multi/ Sub- object material GnuBaØati eGayGñkkMnt;TukNvsMPar³xus³KñaenAkMrit sub object level én Geometry rbs;Gñk . GñkbegáItrbs;mYyEdlpSMedaysMPar³eRcIn kMnt;vaeGayeTACavtßúmYy bnÞab;mkeRbIR)as; Mesh Select Modifier edIm,I select elIépÞmuxTaMgenaHehIy eRCIserIsyk sMPar³ rgNamYYy¬ sub material ) EdlenAkñúgsMPar³eRcIn TaMgenH (multi- material ) Edl)ankMnt; Tuk enA kñúgépÞmuxEdl)an Select . edIm,IbegáIt Multi/ Sub- Object material 1- begáIt RbGb;mYy ¬beNaþay ³ 100 TTwg ³ 100 kMBs;³ 100 kMNat; (Segments ) 2X2X2) 2- ClickelI Edit Mesh enAkñúgtarag modifier edIm,IkMnt;rag polygon ID rbs;RbGb;Edl)an Select 3- Select yk polygone enAkñúg Selection rollout 4- Select EpñkxagelI xiteTAeFVg énRbGb; Polygon enH dUcrUb 4 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 174

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 5- bnÞab;mkeGaytMélelx ID enAkñúg surface properties rollout én command panel edIm,IeFIVeGaytMélelx ID esμI 1 cMeBaH Polygon NaEdl)an Select 6- eFIVdUcxagelIeT,Igvij edayyk Item = 5 edIm,IbegáIt Polygon ID2 eGayenAEpñkxagelI xiteTAsþaMénRbGb; Polygon 7- eFIVdUcxagelIeT,Igvij edayyk Item = 5 edIm,IbegáIt polygon ID3 eGayenAEpñkxageRkam xiteTAsþaM én RbGb; polygon 8- eFIVdUcxagelIeT,Igvij edayyk item = 5 edIm,IbegáIt pologon ID 4 eGayfycuHeTAEpñkxagsþaM énRbGb; polygon 9- bnÞab;BI Apply tMélelx id eTA polygon ehIy biTelI sub- object ehIy ClickelI UVW Map b‘Utug enAkñúgtarag modifier 10- Select RbePTénkarbMBak; elIRbGb; enAkñúg Mapping rollout 11- ClickelI Material / Map editor EdlenAelI toolbar RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 175

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 12- yk Slot KMrUdMbUg Select 13- Click elI Assign Material edIm,I)ankar Select elIb‘Ytug 14- bþÚrRbePTén Material BI Stander eTACa Multi / Sub- object Material 15- Select elI Multi/ Sub- object Material 16- Select elIsMPar³cas;Edl)ane)aHbg;ecal edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrsMPar³y:ageBjlkçN³ 17- Click elIkarbMBak; BN Material ID edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrBNEdlGñkcg;)an . RKb; ID nImYy²)anKuNtMélrbs;BNdéTeTotEdl)ankMNt;TukehIymanlT§PaBemIlelI polygon )an y:aggayRsYl Edlman y:agsmKYr enAkñúgpÞaMgrUbmYYy . 18- GñkGacpøas;bþÚrBN)an 19- click elI .close bnÞab;BIeRCIserIsBNehIy RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 176

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 20- click elIb‘Utug material ID 21- Click elI diffuse Color map button 22 Select yk bitmap enAkñúg material / Map Browser 23 Select rUbPaB Bitmap EdlGñkcg;)an 24- eRbIR)as; Go to Parent / Go to Sibling edIm,IeTAtMél 1 énkMritdMbUgrbs; Multi/ sub- object 25- Click Material ID 2 map button 26- Click elIb‘Utug Diffuse Color map 27- Select yk Bitmap enAkñúg material / Map Browser 29- Click elIb‘Utug Render Last enAelI Toolbar 30- bnÞab;mkGñkGacemIleXIjRbGb;EdlmanpÞaMgrUbbYnxusKña elI Polygon nImYy² RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 177

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Double Sided map sMPar³ Double- side GnuBaØatiþeGayGñkkMnt;yksMPar³BIrxusKña dak;enAépÞxagmux nig épÞxageRkayrbs;vtßú . edIm,IbMBak; Double - Sided 1- Click elI Create / Geometry edIm,IKYrEsVgenAelI Viewport NamYYy 2- Click elI Edit mesh enAkñúgtarag modifier edIm,Ikat;EpñkxagelIénEsVr 4- lubEpñkxagelIrbs;EsVrecj dUcrUbTI 4 5- vamanlkçN³minEmnCarUbPaBénEpñkxagkñúgrbs;EsVreT . BIeRBaHkmμviFI Max bgðajBIkarEckpÞaMgrUb EtcMeBaHépÞmuxmYyénvtßúmYysMrab;eBlevlaEdlsMéckñúgkarbegáItvtßúehIy vaminRtUv)anbMBak;eTAelIépÞxagkñúgeT . 6- Click elI Mouse sþaM BIvtßúmYyedIm,IemIlEpñkxagkñúgrbs;vtßú . bnÞab;mkvabgðaj ecjnUv RbGab; shot cut dialog . Select elI properties edIm,IbþÚrPaBenACMuvij Property rbs;vtßú . 7- BinitüelI Backface Cull Item edIm,IemIlépÞxagkñúgrbs;vtßú 8- eBlenHGñkGaceXIjépÞxagkñúgrbs;vtßú RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 178

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 9- Select elIEsV‘ nig Apply UVW Map ehIy Select RbePTénkarbMBak; CamYy Sphericla . 10- select elI Fit enAkñúg alignment ehIy mapping RtUv)anbegáItecjBIvtßúBitR)akdmYy . 11- click elI Material editor ehIy Apply Material 12- Select elI Slot KMrUdMbUg 13- Apply vaeTAelIvtßú Edl Click mYyedIm,IeGay Assign material eTACakar Select elIb‘Utug 14- Click elI Standard ehIyebIk dialog énRbePTrbs; Material 15- Select elI Double Sided Material kñúgcMenamRbePTsMPar³CaeRcIn 16- Click elIb‘Utug map én Facing material kñúgcMenam basic Parameter rbs; Double Sided Material 17- Select elIkarkMNak; Diffuse 18- Select yk bitmap mYy enAkñúg Material / Map Browser 19- kar Select eTAelI c : / 3d max / maps/ backgrounds/ background map be RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 179

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 20- Click elIb‘Utug Back Material Map 21- Click elIb‘Utug Diffuse Color Map 22- Select elI checker map enAkñúg material/ map Browser 23- bEnßmtMél Tiling x= 4, y= 4 edIm,IEbgEckrUbPaB Checker 24- Click elIb‘Utug Render last én Main Toolbar 25- rUbPaB Checker bgðaj BIrUbPaBxagkñúgrbs;Es‘Vr ehIyrUbd¾éTeTot bgðajBIrUbPaB xageRkA RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 180

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC Matte / Show Material Matte / show Material GnuBaØtieGayGñkbegáItvtßúeBjlkçN³ ¬rW subjects NamYYyrbs;épÞmux ¦ eGayeTACavtßúmanlk<N³CadMu EdlbgðajecjBIkarbMBak;brisßan . vak¾GacTTYlnUv Rsemal Edlecal mkelIva BIvtßúEdlminmanlk<N³CadMuenAkñúgpÞaMgrUb . eday eRbIR)as; ticnikenH GñkGacecalRsemal rW eFIV background tamry³siT§RbTan kñúgkarksag vtßúCadMumanPaBCadMu ehIydak;TIkEnøgrbs;BYkva enAcMeBaHmuxépÞmux EdlmanlkçN³Rbhak; RbEhl KñaenAkñúg Background . edIm,IbegáIt Matte/ Shadow Material 1- eRbIR)as;RbGb;mYy nig ):an;Etrbs; ¬ Create / Geometry ehIydak;RbGb;enABIelIRbGb; dUckñúgrUb 2- Select Rendering / Environment én menu Bar enAkñúgCYr edIm,IeGayrUbPaBmYyemIlenAkñúg background 3- Click background map button / map Browser 4- Select elI Bitmap enAkñúg Material / Map browser 5- Select rUbPaB bitmap mYYyEdlcg;)an . eyIgeRbIR)as; C:/ 3d max/ map / background / lake - mt image here RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 181

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 6- elIb‘Utug Render last én click main toolbar . vamanRbGb;mYy nig ):an;EtmYyenAkñúg background EdlmanrUbPñMenAkñúgTwk . 7- begáItnUveKaledABnøWdUcrUb 7 enAEpñkxageFVg xiteTAelIRbGb; 8- varMkiltamlMdab;lMedayedIm,IeTAkan;EpñkxagelIénRbGb; sMrab; cMnuceKaledAén eKaledA bnøW 9- BinitüelI Shadow éneKaledABnøW RsemalmYYyrbs;)a:n;Et RtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAkan; Epñk xag elIénRbGb; 10- Click elIb‘Utug Render Last enAkñúg main toolbar 11- RsemalmYyrbs;):an; Et KWecaleTAelIRbGb; . eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday ):an;Etbgðaj edayXøat ecjBI background eRBaHEtRbGb; 12- eRbI mette/ shadow CamYyRbGb; edImI,eGayrUbPaBkøayCamanlkçN³Bit² RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 182

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 13- Click elI Material Editor edIm,I Apply sMPar³mYYy 14- Select elI Slot KMrUdMbUg 15- Apply vaeTAkan;vtßú EdlClick elI Assign Material edIm,Ikar Select elIb‘Utug 16- Click elI Standard nig ebIkelI dialog énRbePTrbs; materail 17- Select elI Matte / Shadow Material kñúgcMenamRbePTsMPar³CaeRcIn 18- BinitüelI Receive Shadow Item 19- Click elIb‘Utug Render Last én main Toobar 20- vahak;dUcCaRbGb;min)anbgðajecj enAelIpÞaMgrUbeTot eT ehIymanRsemal rbs;);an;Et EtmYyeT EdlelatecjenAelIépÞTwk ehIy):an;Et)aneTAkan;TwkedIm . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 183

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2- map types ¬RbePTénkarbMBak;¦ kareRbIR)as;TUeTAsMrab;karbMBak; KWedIm,IeFIVeGayrUbragrbs; materail kan;EtRbesIreT,IgehIy man lkçN³dUcvtßúBit . Gñkk¾GaceRbIR)as;karbMBak;edIm,IbegáItbrisßanCMuvij rWkarbBa©Mgecj BIBnøWpgEdr . karbMBak;edIm,IbegáItbrisßanC;Muvij rWkarbBa¢aMgecjBIBnøWpgEdr . karbMBak;GaccMlgyk Textures , Apply kar Designs cMNaMpøat dMeNIrgakénkaMrsIμ nig RbsiT§iPaBdéTeTot . edaykareRbICamYysMPar³ karbMBak;bEnßmnUvPaB lMGit edaymin bEnßmPaBsμúksμaj eTAelI Geometry énvtßúeT . ¬ karEdlmin )andak;karbMBak; GacbEnßm PaBsμúksμaj vij . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 184

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2-1 karyl;dwgBIRbePTénkarbMBak; RbePTénkarbMBak;xus² Kña begáIteGay)anCaRbsiT§PaBxusKñaEdr ehIysMEdgeT,IgenAkñúgpøÚv Biess NamYy . vaGacbBa¢ÚlKñaeTACasMPar³eRcIn)an . karbMBak;CalkøN³2 D KWCarUbPaBEdlmanEtBIrTis ehIyRtUVv)anbMBak;tYy:agdUcCaenAkñúg épÞmuxrbs;vtßú Geometry rWeRbIR)as;dUcCakarbMBak;brisßanxageRkAedIm,IbegáIt background sMrab;pÞaMgrUb . karbMBak; 2 D y:aggayRsYlbMputKW bitmaps nig RbePTénkarBbMBak; 2D d¾éTeTotEdl)anbegáItedayTMrg;kar . karbMBak;CalkøN³ 3 D KWCaRklaEdlRtUv)anbegáItenAkñúgTMrgkarénTisbI . ]TahrN¾ fμm:abmanRKab;tUc² EdlenAtam Geometry Edl)ankMNt;enaH RbsinebIGñkcg;kat; ecjnUvEpñkrbs;vtßúedayyk fμm:ab mkeFVICa Textue rbs;va EpñkxagkñúgRtUvEtsIuKña rWRtUvKñaCamYy Epñk xageRkA . Compositor KWsMrab;tak;EtgeT,IgBIBN rwkarbMBak; d¾éTeTot Color Modifier sMrab;bMElgBNCa Pixels enAkñúgsMPar³ cMeBaH " other " Category KwrYmbBa¢ÚlCamYy nig karbMBak;Edl begáIt)an CacMNaMpøat nig dMeNIrénBnøW . 2-2 taragrbs;RbePTénkarbMBak; 2 D Map Types RbePTénkarbMBak; 2D dUcKña nig bitmap rWdMeNIrkarénkarbegáItRkla 2 D -Bitmap : rUbPaBmYyEdl)an Save manlk<N³dUcCakartMerobKña én Pixels enAkñúg file format rbs;rUbPaB enAnig dUcCa tga tmp nig d¾éTeTot rW fileEdlmanclnadUcCa avi, fle or ifl . ¬karmanclna KWmandMeNIrkarCabnþbnÞab;Kñad¾sMxan;rbs;rUbPaB enAnwg¦ . Bitmap Nak¾eday rWRbePT file rbs; karmanclna Edl 3D Studio 3Ds Max Supports CamYyKña GacRtUv)aneRbIR)as; dUcCa bitmap enAkñúgsMPar³ . - Bricks: sMrab;begáItdæ rWkar:Ud¾éT eTotEdlCasMPar³ CamYynig BNkarbMBak;sMPar³ . rYmbBa©ÚlCamYykarkMnt;RkladæEbb Architectural . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 185

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Checker sMrab;bBa¢ÚlBNBIrenAkñúgRkal : Checker . GñkGacCMnYsBN)anedaykarbMBak;vij . - Gradient : sMrab;begáItCabnÞat;CMral rWCMralrag Radial rbs;BNbI . - Gradiant Ramp : begáUItnUvRbePTepSg²CaeRcInénCMral edayeRbIR)as;BN’CaeRcIn karbMBak;CaeRcIn ehIybBa¢Úl KñatamEdlGñkeRCIserIs . - Swirl : begáItCaragTwkKYc ¬Spiraling ) EdlCaRklarbs;BNBIr rWkarbMBak;BIr 3D Map Types karbMBak;manlkçN³ 3D TaMgenHrYmbBa¢Úleday - Cellular : begáItCaRkla rag Cellular EdlmanRbeyaCn¾sMrab;eRbICamYyRbsiT§PaBEdl eyIgemIleXIjCaeRcInRbePTrYmCamYynigkarU:man lkçNH CafμEkv épÞmuxragdMuRKYsrYmTaMg épÞTwk smuRT pg Edr . - Dent : begáItCaTisbI Edldl;KñaenAelIépÞmuxEt1 - Fall off : begáIttMélelxsMrab;BIBN s eTABNexμA EdlGaRs½yelI Fall off manmuxeRcInrbs;épÞ muxFmμta enAelIépÞrbs; Geometry karbMBak;Edlmanlk<N³saMBaMJúenHpþl;eGaynUvkarbt;Ebny:agxøaMg enAeBlEdlbegáIt Falloff énPaBRsGab; RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 186

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC ehIycMnYnmYyénRbsiTi§PaBd¾éTeTot dUcCa Fresnel , light , Shadow nig Distance Blend . - Marble : cMNgRKab;tUc²rbs;fμm:ab CamYynig BNc,as;las;BIr ehIyk¾manBNTIbIekIteT,IgPøam²Edr . - Noise: begáItCaRklamanPaBreBaJréBaJ rWmanlkçN³clacl enAkμúgTisbI . dUcCa checker enAkñúg 2D vaGaRs½yelIBNBIr ehIyk¾GaceFIVkarbMBak;)andUcKña - particle Age : bMElgBN ¬rWkarbMBak;¦ énlMGgmYyedayGaRs½yelICIvitrbs;lMGg . - Particle M Blur : bMElgPaBRsGab;GIVEdlenAmuxeK nig danEdlenAeRkayrbs;lMGg edayGaRs½yelIGaRtaénkarkMerIkrbs;BYkva (MBlur EdlmanlkøN³xøIsMrab; motion blur ) - Perlin Marble : KWCakarpøas;bþÚrevn dMenIrkarénkarbMBak; fμm:abCamYynig RklaEd;lmanPaB rjréj: . - Planet : cMngeRkag nigrUbragénBiPBmYy Edl)aneXIjenAkñúglMhr . - Smoke : begáIUt)anCacMerok rbs;)at Edlman Rklarejréj: edIm,IcMngRbsiT§iPaBénEpSgenAkñúg)ac;BnøW rWlkøN³CaBBkdéTeTot lMhUr RbsiT§PaB én karbMBak; . - Spekle : begáItépÞmuxvagcMNuctUc²sMrab; begáIt RklaénépÞmuxEdlGaccMlgyksila Granite ¬Rkanik¦ nig sMPar³Edl Rsedog Kña déT eTot . - Splat : begáItbMENk énRklaédl manlkøN³RsedogKña nig kar)ac rWsacT½k . - Stucco : begáItbMENkénRklaEdlman lkøN³Rsedog nigsIum:g;EdlebokCBa¢aMgeRKIm² . - Water : begáItCaTwk rW rlktamry³ karbegáItcMnYn éncMnuckNþalrbs; Spherical Wave nig EckcayBYkvatamlkøN³ Random . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 187

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Wood : begáItCaeQImanlkøN³ 3D nigmanRklaCaRKab;tUc² . Computer Map Types vamanRbePTénsmasFatupSMCaeRcIn ³ enAkñúgdMeNIrkarénrUbPaBrUbPaBCaeRcInpSMbBa¢ÚlKñaeday kardak;BIelIKñanuvrUb BIr rWeRcIn . - Composite : karpSMnUvkarbMBak;Ca eRcIn . vamindUc Mix eT Composite minmankarRtYtBinitü c,as;las;elIcMnYn énkarlaybBa¢ÚlKña eT . vaCMnYseGay mUldæanRKWHrbs;cMnYn énkarbBa¢ÚlKña énelI alpha channel énkarbMBak; . - Mask : KWCakarbMBak;mYyEdl RtYtBinitü BIkEnøgEdlkarbMBak;TIBIrRtUv)an Apply eTAelI épÞmux . - Mix : layBNBIr rWkarbMBak; BIrbBa¢ÚlKña GñkGacsMrbsMrYlelIcMnYnén karlayenH edayeRbIR)as;kMritkñúgkarbBa¢ÚlKña EdlGñkkMnt;yk kMritkñúgkarbBa¢ÚlKñaenHk¾Gñk bMBak;sMPar³ )anEdr . - RGB : bBa¢ÚlnUvbMBak;BIrtamry³plKun én RGB nig tMél Alpha rbs;BYkva . Other TaMgenHrYmbBa¢ÚlnUvRbePTénkarbMBak;EdlbegáItnUvcMNaMgpøa k nig dMeNIrrbs;BnøW . - Flat mirror : begáItcMNaMpøat sMrab;épÞmuxrab . GñkkMnt;vaeTAkan; épÞmuxCa eRcInCaCagkMnt;vaenAelIvtßúTaMgmUl . - Raytrace : begáItnUvPaBeTogTat; BitR)akd Raytrace eBaleBjedaycMnaMgpøat nig dMeNIrénBnøW . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 188

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC - Reflect / Refract : begáItnUvcMnaMgpøat nig vgárgSI edaysV½yRbvtþi vaGaRs½yelIvtßúEdl enACMvij nig brisßanCMuvij . - Thin Wall Refraction : begáItdMenIrénBnøWedaysV½yRbvtþ karcMlgvtßú nig brisßanCMuvij EdlRtUv)aneXIjtamry³sMPar³EdlmanlkøN³ PøWvavgárgSIdUcCa Ekv rWTwk . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 189

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC CMBUkTI 5 Sinthetic Image and Graphic Image Editing 1- To Create Windows eyIgKUsbBa¢ak; BITMhM én Window mYy ehIyEktMrUvelIsßankarN¾tamry³BMnu H nig rUbPaB ¬hVasad ¦ rbs;GaKar EdlQb;enAkñúgCYredIm,IbegáIt Window ehIyRtUvEtbegáItva . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 190

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm,IbegáItbg¥Üc 1- Clcik elIb‘Utug Create enAkñúg Command Panel 2- Select elI shape Command enAkñúgCYredIm,IKUrvtßú 2 D mYy 3- Select elI Rectangle Commend enAkñúgCYredIm,I Select ragctuekaNEkg 4- Click nigGUs mouse enAelI Front Viewport edIm,IKUrragctuekaNEkg 5- vayTMhMrbs;ctuekaNEkgeTACa parameters rollout 6- T,úvenHctuekaNEkgRtUv)ankMnt;enAkñúg Viewport 7- Click elI modify button enAkñúg Command Panel 8- Select elI edit spline enAkñúgtarag modifier 9- EbkelI Sub - object edIm,I select elI spline 10- Select Spline enAkñúg Selection rollout 11- Select ragctuekaNEkgenAkñúg Front Viewport RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 191

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 12- eRbIR)s; outline ehIyvaybBa¢ÚltMéldUcCaTTwgrbs;bg¥Üc 13- lUvenHGñkGaceXIjTMhMénbg¥Üc ragctuekaNEkg cak;tamBumçEdl)aneGay . 14- Select elI Extrude enAkñúgCYr edIm,IeGaykMras; eTABumçbg¥Üc 15- tMélén Amount RtUv)anedaybBa¢Ú©ldUcCa kMras;énBumçbg¥Üc Edr 16- GñkGaceXIjkMras;rbs;enAkñúg Viewport 17- ClickelI mouse sþaM enAelI Snap Icon kñúgCYredIm,IeFIVeGayb‘Utug Snap enaHman skmμPaBedIm,I Apply 3D Vertex Snap 18- BinitüelIExSbBaÆrenAkñúg Grid and Snap Setting dialog box 19-Select elIb‘Utug Rectangle enAkñúgRbePTrUbragrbs;vtßú edIm,IbegáItkBa©k;elIbg¥Üc 20-emIlelIBum<bg¥Üc enAcMnuc Tap xagkñúg ehIyKUsragctuekaNEkgdUcrUb 20 RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 192

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 21-cMnYntMélénkarBnøÚtRtUv)ankMnt;dUcCakMras;rbs;kBa©k;Edr 22-Select elI UVW Map enAkñúgCYredIm,I Apply sMPar³eTAkan;kBa©k; 23-BinitüelIRbGb;énRbePTkñúgkarbMBak;sMPar³enAkñúg Mapping Rollout 24-Click elI Material / Map Editor 25-Select elI Slot KMrUdMbUg 26-Click elI Assign Material edIm,I)ankar Select elI Button 27-pøas;bþÚrelI Diffuse Odor Edlcg;)an 28-Click elI Map Rollout edIm,I Apply sMPar³ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 193

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 29-shRbtibtþikarelI Opacity dUcenHtmøaPaBRtUv)ankMnt;enAkñúgkBa©k;mYy 30-Click elIb‘Utug Diffuse Color Map 31-Select elIRbePTénkarbMBak; Raytrace enAkñúg Material / Map Browser 32-BinitüelI Reflection 33-eRbIR)as;BN’ Background , ehIyBN’rbs;kBa©k;RtUv)ankMnt;Tuk 34-Click elI Render Last edIm,IeFIVkar Render 35-eyIgGaceXIjsMPar³kBa©k;mYyCamYynwgtMélxøHénPaBcMNaMgpøat RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 194

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2-edIm,IbegáIteRKOgsgðarwm³ eRKOgsgðarwmmansar³sMxan;sMrab;CIvitRbcaMéf¶ Edl)aMgbiTedayERK /ekAGI /GagTwk nigRbePT éneRKOgsgðarwmxus² KñaCaeRcIneTot . eyIgnwgerobvaeTAtamlMdab;lMeday edIm,IBinitüemIl énTIenHénkarpliteRKOgsgðarwmTaMgGs; tamry³viFIsaRsþedIm,IKUrfttumYy . edIm,IKUrfttumYy³ 1-Click elI Create / b‘Utug Shape edIm,IbegáItvtßú 2D 2-Click elI b‘Utug Rectangle enAkñúgRbePTénvtßú 3-Click ehIyGUsb‘Utug Mouse edIm,IKUrragctuekaNEkgenAkñúg Viewport NamYy 4-eFIVkarsMrYlelITMhMénctuekaNEkg ehIyTMhMedIm rWTMhMRKwHrbs;fttuKWRtUv)anvaybBa©ÚlehIy . 5-Click elIb‘Utug Modify elI Command Panel 6-Select elI Edit Splint button enAkñúgtarag Modifier 7-ebIkelI Sub-Object edIm,I Select ExSbBaÄrenAkñúg Selection Rollout RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 195

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 8-Click elIb‘Utug Refine enAkñúg Geometry Rollout rbs;ExSbBaÄr edIm,IbEnßmkMBUlenAkñúg ragctuekaNEkg . 9-bEnßmkMBUldUcrUb 9 EdlenAcMkNþalénkMNat;xageRkamrbs;ctuekaNEkg . 10-Click elIb‘Utug Select nig Move edIm,IrMkilkMBUl 11-eRbIR)as; Bezier Corner , nigkarEkERbehIy dUcrUb 11 manPaBRsTn; 12-bþÚrBIkMBUleTACa Splint enAkñúg Selection Rollout edIm,I Copy vtßúEdl)anpøas;bþÚrehIy . 13-Click elIb‘Utug Scale 14-Gus Mouse CamYybU‘tug Using a Shift + Scale edIm,IKUskarkat;bnßyvtßú . 15-Binitü Copy enAkñúgekar Option Dialog Box RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 196

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 16-Select elI Select nig Move Button enAkñúg Todbar 17-Select elIrUbPaBEdlFMCagenAcenøaHvtßú 2 18-Click elIb‘Utug Extrude enAkñúgtaragModiyier 19-vaybBa©ÚltMél Amount dUcCakMBs;rbs;fttu 20-GñkGacemIleXIjépÞrbs;fttuEdl)anbegáItehIy dUckñúgrUb 21-Select elIvtßúdéTeTotEdlminmankarBnøÚt 22-vaybBa©ÚltMél Amount énkarBnøÚt dUcCakMBs;énCMhanmYyrbs;fttu . 23-Select CMhanmYyrbs;fttu 24-Click elI Select nig Move b‘Utug ehIycuc Shife Key enAelI Keyboard bnÞab;mkrMkil Moose elIGkS½ Y edIm,I Copy CMhanmYyénfttu 25-Binitü Copy enAkñúg Clone Option Daily Box RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 197

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 26-Click elI Edit Mesh Button enAkñúgtarag Modifier 27-Click elIb‘Utug Attach edIm,IeFIVfttuBIr EdlecjBIfttuEtmYy 28-fttuBIrrMkildUcfttuEtmYy dUckñúgrUb 29-Click elI Shift + Select nigb‘Utug Move nig Copy fttu 30-Binitü Copy enAkñúgekar Option Daily Box RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 198

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 31-Select elI Create / Compound Object 32-Click elIb‘Utug Boolean 33-Select elI Subtraction A-B enAkñúg Operation nig Select elI Pick Operand 34-ykEpñkxagkñúgénfttuecjmkCBa¢aMgxageRkArbs;fttu 35-Click elI Selection nig Move b‘UtugenAkñúgCYr edIm,IsMrbsMrYlelIsßanPaBénkar Copy fttu . 36-erobcMelIsßanPaBénfttudUckñúgrUb 37-Select b‘Utug Object Color edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrBN’ 38-Select BN’EdlGñkcg;)an ehIy Click OK 39-épÞmeRkAénfttu KWemIleTAeXIjxusKñaBIEpñkxagkñúgdUcenAkñúgrUb . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 199

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 40-Click elI Create / Standard Primitive edIm,IbegáItédkan;fttu 41-Click elIb‘Utug Cylinder enAkñúg Object Type Rollout 42-eRbIR)as;sIuLaMgmYy ehIyKUssIuLaMgmYyenAEpñkkNþalénfttudUckñúgrUb 43-vaybBa©ÚltMélsIuLaMgEdlcg;)an 44-Click elIEsV‘redIm,IKUsédkan;fttu 45-KUsEsV‘rmYyenAelIsIuLaMgdUcrUb 45 46-KUrédkan;mYyEdlmansar³sMxan; dUcCacMnYnfttu ehIyerobcMelIva RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 200

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 47-Click elI Modifier enAkñúgCYredIm,IeFIVCasMPar³elItu 48-Click UVW Map b‘UtugenAkñúgtarag Modifier 49-BinitüelIm:Udrbs;RbGb;enAkñúgRbePTénkarbMBak;sMPar³ 50-Select b‘Utug Fit enAkñúg Alignment Rollout edIm,IsMPar³eGaysIuKñaeTAnwgvtßú 51-Click elI Material Map / Map Browser 52-bnÞab;BI Select elI Slot KMrUdMbUg bnÞablmk Click elIb‘Utug Map Shortcut EdlenAEk,rb‘Utug Diffuse Color 53-Select b‘Utug Bitmap enAkñúg Material /Map Browser RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 201

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 54-Click elI Assign Material edIm,I)ankar Select elIb‘Utug 55-Click elI Show Map enAkñúg Viewport edIm,IemIlelIsMPar³énvtßúenAkñúg Viewport 56-LÚvGñkGacemIleXIjfttuCamYykarbMBak;sMPar³ 57-Click elI Render Last bnÞab;mkGñkGaceXIjfttuRtUv)anbMBak;edaysMPar³ . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 202

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC edIm,IbegáItedImeQI³ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 203

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 1-eRbIR)as; Create / Geometry Box Command nigeFIVRbGb;mYyeTAelIpÞaMgrUb 2-Select RbGb;mYy nig Select elI Modifier 3-Apply UVW Map eTAkan;RbGb;Edl)an Select 4-Select RbePTén Mapping CamYynwgRbGb; 5- Click elI Material Editor enAelI Main Toolbar ehIyebIkelI Slot KMrU 6-Select elIb‘Utug Diffuse Color Map enAkñúg Maps Rollout RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 204

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 8-Select elIb‘Utug Diffuse Map enAkñúg Map Rollout 9-Click elIb‘Utug Bitmap enAkñúg Material / Map Browser 10-eRbIR)as;b‘Utug Bitmap edIm,IebIkykrUbPaBedIm,IeQIBI File 11-Click b‘Utug Opacity Map xageRkam eday Click elIb‘Utug go to parent , nigeFIVkarCamYy Maps Rollout ehIyebIk Material / Map Browser nig Select ykrUbPaBEdlRtUv)aneFIVeGayeTACaBN’s nigexμA . Click elIb‘Utug Render Last rbs; Menu bar dUcenHkar Render )aneFIVeTACaRbGb;EdleyIg)anbegáItedIm,Idak;bMBak;sMPar³CaedImeQI . 12-kar Render elIrUbPaBedIm,IbgðajkargarEdl)aneFIV . RbGb;min)anbgðajenAkñúgkar Render eT manEtedImeQIb:ueNÑaHEdlRtUv)anbgðaj . GñkGacbegáItedImeQIeGaykan;EtgayRsYl rYmTaMgrUbmnusS /rfynþ /////.l. edayykvaeFIVCaFaturbs; Background rbs;GaKardUcCapÞH CamYykareRbIR)as;karbMBak; Diffuse niigkarbMBak; Opacity eGaydUcCaFatuén Background rbs;pÞH . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 205

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 4-edIm,IbegáItedImeQI³ 1-eRbIR)as; Create / Geometry Box Commands ehIyeFIVRGb;mYyeTAkan;pÞaMgrUb 2-Select RbGb;mYy nig Select elI Modifier . Apply UVW Map eTAkan;RbGb;Edl)an Select . 3-Select RbePTén Mapping CamYyRbGb; 4-Click elI Material Editor EdlenAkñúg Main Toolbar ehIyebIkelI Solt KMrU . 5-Select elI Solt KMrUdMbUgenAkñúg Solt KMrU 6-Select elI Assign Material 7-Select elIb‘Utug Diffuse Color Map enAkñúg Maps Rollout . 8-Click elIb‘Utug Bitmap enAkñúg Material / Map Browser eRbIb‘Utug Bitmap edIm,IbegáIt rUbPaBmnuSaenAkñúg File . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 206

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 9-Click elI Show Map enAkñúg Viewport b‘UtugbnÞab;mkrUbmnusSbgðajecjenAelIRbGb; . 10-RbGb;nwgbgðajeLIgnUvmnusSBIrrUbenAkñúg Viewport 11-Click elIb‘Utug Go to Parent 12-Click elIb‘Utug Opacity Map 13-Select Bitmap enAkñúg Material / Map Browser Daily ox . 14-ebIkelI Bitmap File dUcrUb 14 EdlRtUv)anbgðajecjBIrUbs nigexμA . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 207

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 15-Click elIb‘Utug Render Last edIm,IeFIVkar Render 16-LÚvGñkemIleXIjrUbmnusSBIrnak;edayKμanrUbRbGb; 5-edIm,IbegáItrfynþ³ 1-eRbI Create / Geometry Box Commands ehIyeFIVRbGb;mYyenAelIpÞaMgrUb 2-Select RbGb;mYy nig Select elI Modifier . Apply UVW Map enAelIRbGb;Edl)an Select . RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 208

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 3-Select RbePTén Mapping CamYyRbGb; 4-Click elI Material Editor enAkñúg Maintoolbar ehIyebIkelI Solt KMrUmYy 5-Select yk Solt KMrUdMbUg EdlenAkñúg Solt KMrU 6-Select elI Assign Material 7-Select elIb‘Utug Diffuse Color Map enAkñúg Map Roolout 8-Click elIb‘Utug Bitmap enAkñúg Material / Map Browser . eRbIR)as;b‘Utug Bitmap edIm,IebIk ykrUbrfynþenAkñúg File . 9-ebIkyk File edlmanrUbPaBrfynþ 10-Click elI Show Map enAkñúg Viewport Button bnÞab;mkrUbrfynþbgðajecjenAelIRbGb;mYy . 11-RbGb;nwgsMEdgecjrUbrfynþmYyenAkñúg Viewport 12-Click b‘Utug Go to Parent RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 209

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 13-Click elIb‘Utug Opacity Map 14-Select yk Bitmap enAkñúg Material / Map Browser Daily Box 15-ebIkyk File Bitmap dUckñúgrUb 15 EdlCarUbRtUv)anbegáItecjBIBN’s nigexμA 16-Click elIb‘Utug Render Last edIm,IeFIVkar Render 17-LÚvGñkemIleXIhrUbrfynþ edayKμanrUbRbGb; RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 210

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC CMBUkTI 6 FILLETR APPLICATION AND GRAPHIC IMAGE OUTPUT 1-Graphic Image Editing and Graphic Image output RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 211

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RbsinebIGñkbMElg CAD File EdlamanRsab;eTACa Max GñkTukeBlenaHsMrab;KUrrUb Perspective vij . ehIyrUb Perspective enaHKUrecjBITMhMRtwmRtUv . edIm,IKUrrUb Perspective CamYy CAD³ 1- KUrbøg;mYyrbs;rUbEdlGñknwgRtUv)anKUrCaKMnUs Perspective enAkñúgkmμviFI AuotCAD 2- Select File Manu én Manubar 3- Select elI Export enAkñúg File Manu Daily Box 4- Select ykmYykñúgcMeNam DWG , 3DS tamryHeQμaHEdlpSayecjeTA . KMnUsEdlmaneQμaHenAkñúgkarpSayCaRbePT DWG File RtUv)ankMnt;TukenATIenH . 5- Command Line ¬bnÞat;¦ kñúg AutoCAD bgðajeLIgedIm,I Select elIvtßúdUcy:agenH (Command= Select Objects) / 6- Select elIvtßúEdlcg;)an 1- karGnuvtþn_elI MAX ehIy Select yk File mYyrbs; Manubar RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 212

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 2- Select Import Manu 3- Select elIeQμaH DWG File NamYyedIm,IeGay AutoCAD ecjmk 4- BinitüelIkarpþac;vtßú CamYynwgpÞaMgrUbenAkñúg DWG Import Dialog Box 5- RbsinebIGñkBinitüelI Layer ¬RsTab;¦ rbs;vtßúEdl)anmkedaykarykKMnUstam Layer nigRbsinebIGñkBinitüemIlBN’vanwgnaMmkedayBN’ . karBinitüelI Layer enAkñúgCYredIm,IeGayva)anmkvijelI Layer enATIenH . 6- bnÞab;mk Click DWG File Import enAkñúg Viewport 1- Select elI Region Zoom enAkñúg Viewport Controller 2- eRbIR)as; Region Zoom EdleyIg)an Select ehIy Select elIEpñkmYyénrgVg;manragmUl dUcrUb 2 3- BRgIkelIkargarenH ehIyrgVg;ragmUlbgðajeLIgdUcrUb 3 4- Select ykrgVg;mYyenAkñúg Snape én Create / Geometry 5- Select elI Edge enAkñúgKnøgrgVg;én Creation Mathod RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 213

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 6- Click elI Gride nigb‘Utug Snape 7- BinitüelIkMBUlkñúg Gride nig Snape Setting Dailog Box 8- EsVgrkkMBUlénEpñkxageqVgrbs;rgVg;dUcrUb 8 bnÞab;mk Click ehIyGUs Mouse eTAdl;EpñkxagsþaMénrgVg; edIm,IbegáItsresrmanragmUleday Cammander 9-Click elI Line enAkñúg Creation / Geometry 10-pøas;bþÚrRbePTrbs; Drag eGayeTACa Into enAkñúg Creation Method of Line 11-ebIkelIb‘Utug Gride nig Snape 12-eRbIR)as;bnÞat;edIm,IKUsva EdlGaRs½yedaykMBUlénKMnUsbøg;EdlyecjBI AutoCAD 13-eFIVeGaybnÞat;køayCabiTCitEdlGaRs½yedaykMBUlénKMnUsbøg;tamCMhanxageRkam -eRbIR)as; Attach én Edit Spline nigtP¢ab;bnÞat;nimYy² -Select cMkMBUlénkEnøgEdlcUlKñarbs;bnÞat; ehIyeGaymanlkçN³Ca Weld RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 214

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 14-Click elI Extude edIm,I Apply karBnøÚteTAkan;bnÞat;fμI nigvaybBa©ÚlnUvtMélEdlGñkcg;)an dUcCakMBs;rbs;GaKar . 15-GñkGacemIleXIjCBa¢aMgmYyrbs;GaKar 16-begáItbg¥ÜcmYyEdlmanlkçN³smKñaCamYynwgrUbPaBénCBa¢aMgrbs;GaKar 17-KUrRbGb;mYydUcKñanwgTMhMbg¥Ücrbs;rUbPaBGaKar 18-erobcMRbGb;enaHeGayenAkEnøgTItaMgbg¥Üc ehIy Select elI Create / Geometry / Compound Object 19-Select elI Boolean edIm,IrMkilRbGb;ecjBICBa¢aMg 20-Select elI SubsTraction A-B enAkñúg Operation 21-Select elIRbGb;edIm,IykvaecjBICBa¢aMg 22-épÞEdlRbGb;)an)at;eTABIelICBa¢aMg KWbegáIt)annUvBum<bg¥ÜcmYy RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 215

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 23-Click elI Gride nig Snape b‘Utug ehIyBinitüelIkMBUledIm,I Apply 3D Map 24-bnÞab;mkKUrragctuekaNEkgmYydUcrUb 23 EdlaCas‘umrbs;bg¥ÜcedayeRbIR)as; Command bnÞat;rWctuekaNEkgrbs; Snape Command Panel 24-Cleck elI Edit Spline én Modifier 25-Select Spline of Sub-Object enAkñúg Edit Spline 26-Select ragctuekaNEkgedIm,I Apply s‘umEdlCa Spline 27-vaybBa©ÚltMéléns‘um (Outline ) eGaydUcnwgTMhMénBum<bg¥Üc 28-GñkGacemIleXIjctuekaNEkgfμI eBlEdlGñkvaytMélrbs; Outline ehIy 29-bnÞab;BIbiTelI Sub-Object bnÞab;mk Click elI Extrude edIm,IeGaykMras;eTAs‘umbg¥Üc 30-begáItkBa©k;sMrab;bg¥Üc ¬emIlelIkarbegáItbg¥Üc¦ RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 216

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 31-GñkGacbegáItGaKarmYyCan; RbsinebIGñkbegáItbg¥ÜcTaMgGs;tamviFIdUc² KñadUcrUb 30 32-eFIVeLIgvijnUv Item xagelIcab;BI 1-31 edIm,IbegáItCan;TI 2 33-eFIVeLIgnUv Item xagelIcab;BI 1-31 edIm,IbegáItCan;TI 3 34-edaykarbegáItnUvCan;TaMgGs;enH ehIyerobcMeGayvakøayCaGaKareBjeljmYy RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 217

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 35-eRbIR)as;RbGb;mYy nig Dent Map ehIybegáItpøÚvmYyrYmTaMgerobcMelIva 36-begáItedImeQIenACuMvij enAtampøÚvEdlRtUvbegáItvaRBmTaMgerobvaeGay)anl¥ 37-eRbIR)as;RbGb;mYy edIm,IbegáItGaKarEdlenACuMvijGaKaredIm ehIyerobvaeGay)anl¥ 38-begáItrfynþ ehIydak;vatamkEnøg 39-begáItmnusSehIyerobcMelIva 40-kMnt;elIrUbPaBEdlCa Background RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 218

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC 41-Click elI Render Scence edIm,IeFIVkar Render elIpÞaMgrUb 42-Select elI Single enAkñúg Time Output TMhMEdlFMRtUvkareBlkan;EteRcIn 44-Save File enaHeGayeTACa bmp 45-GnuvtþBIkmμviFI Photoshop ehIy Select elI File Men 46-Click elI Opend Command edIm,IebIk File 47-Select Page Setup sMrab;kardak;rUbPaB 48-kMnt;elIRbePT Printer NaEdl)antP¢ab;mkkMBüÚT½r 49-kMnt;elITMhMRkdas 50-Click Ok RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 219

Department of Civil Engineering NPIC RkaPickMuBüÚT½r 220

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