Pig production bb

DVM, MSc Giut- ma:Ny plitkmμ RCUk
CMBUkTI 1
esckþIepþIm
1>1sßanPaBTUeTA
-sm½ykulsm<næ½
kalenaHmnusSes;enABwgelIEpøeQI-cab;stVéRBmnusSmansmtßPaByl;dwgTab - minTan;ecH
begáIt]bkrN¾edIm,Icab;stVnig ebHEpøeQI →minsl;stVedIm,IciBa©wmnigrkSaTuk→rvagmnusSEsVg
rkvIFIcab; rIÉstVéRBEsVgrkviFIrt;eKc.
-sm½yeRkaymk¬fμrMlIg¦mankarrIkceRmInTaMgEpñk]bkrN¾cab;stV ¬]bkrN¾cab;stVc,as;las;nig
rwgmaMCagmun¦→cab;stVekIteRcInnigrkSastV)aneRcInedIm,IciBa©wm → enHCadMNak;kaldMbUgénkar
R)aRs½yrvagmnusS nigstVéRB ehIyk¾CadMNak;kalénkarpSaMúgstVpgEdr → tamÉksarbUraN
xøHbBa¢ak;³EqápSaMgmun EtxøHfaecomnigesHpSaMgmunniyayrYm³minTan ;manÉksarCak;lak;bBa¢ak;BI
1

karpSaMgstVtamlMdab; lMedayenAeLIy.
-sm½yskþiPUmi³
]bkrN¾cab;stVkan;EteRcIn-bec©keTsk¾rIkceRmIn-kMlaMgBlkmμsMbUr]bkrN¾Tg;Edg-Edk
RtUv)anbegáIttamtMbn;nimYy²mankarRKb;RKgedayesþcRtaj; ehtuenHtRmUvkarcMNIGahar ekInTaMg
brimaNnigKuNPaB → karedaHdUrplitplk¾ekItmaneLIg → ehtuenHkarciBa©wmstVnigkar
eRCIsBUCk¾ekIteLIg.
RbPBRCUk³ RCUkéRB EdlpSaMgtaMgBI 7000-10000qñaMmunRKwsþraC nigciBa©wmCaRkumRbmaN
3500qñaMmunenARb¼T cin.
2

RCUk ³ ciBa©wmedim,Iplitsac;eFVICamðÚbGahar bc©úb,nñmantémøesdækic©xøaMgeRBaH
-mankarlUtlas;x<s;
-lamkpþl;CaCIsMrab;dIERs cMkar nigCacMNIsMrab;mcäaCati
3

1>2 lkçN³CIvsaRsþ
1-2-1 mansmtßPaBbgákMeNItx<111 mmmaaannnsssmmmtttßßPPßPaaaBBBbbbgggáákkákMMMeeeNNNIIttItxxx<<ss<ss;;;; ³em pþl;kUn 2-2>2sa¼qñaM ehIy1sa³ 8-12k,al
¬emxøHpþl;kUndl;18-24k,al¼sa¦
emGacplitTwkedaH)an 200-400lIRt¼sa
4KRkTwkedaHpþl;PaBlUtlas;kUn1KRksac;
1-2-2 ssssIIuuIImmuummiinniinneeeerrrrIIssIIss
-stVRkBHeTal=2 hÁaLúg³eRbIR)as;cMNIminerIs ³kaksMNl;pÞH)ay-eragcRk-Gnuplksikmμ
-eBaHevontUc=18Em:Rt ¬60hVIt¦=2/5hÁaLúg³sMrab;rMlayGahar
-eBaHevonFM=5-6Em:Rt¬16hVIt¦=2 hÁaLúg³manRbUtUsUEG‘ nigmIRkUsa¼kay sMrab;rMlay nig
bMELgCatisrésEdlrMlayminTan;Gs;eBlenAkñúgeBaHevontUc.
¬1hVIt=0/3 Em:Rt/1hÁaLúg=4/546lIRt ¦
-snÞsSn¾kareRbIR)as;cMNITab ¬FCR¦³ 3KRkcMNI)ansac; 1KRk¬eKa BEB FCR =8-12KRk¦
4

-kUnRCUkGayu=2-3Ex minTan;rMlayGaharrwg b¤s¶Üt)aneT.
1-2-3333 ppppþþllþþll;;TT;;TTiinniinnññññpppplllleeeellllOOOOnnnn-eeeeRRRRccccIInnIInn nnnniiggiiggRRRRbbbbkkkkbbbbeeeeddddaaaayyyyKKKKuuNNuuNNPPPPaaaaBBBB
-emRCUkmYy pþl;kUnmFüm=10k,al=1500-2000KRksac;
-CarcaseCamFüm 72-75°Edlpþl;sac;Rkhm45-50°kñúgRsuk nig 55-60°breTs
1-2-4444 mmmmaaaannnnkkkkaaaarrrrssssRRRRmmmmbbbbxxxxøøÜÜøønnÜÜnnllll¥¥¥¥
tamsPaBCak;EsþgBUC y:kesor-ELnERds>>>sRmbxøÜn)annwgsßanPaBRsukeyIg
3>cMENkfñak; saxa³ stVqäwgkg
fñak; ³stVciBa©wmkUnedayTwkedaH
lMdab;³stVmanRkck
lMdab;rg³RkckKU
GMbUr-RKYsar³ RCUk
RbePT³ stVctu)aT
5

CMBUkTI2
BUC-bgáat;
2>1 BUCRCUk
2>1>1 BUCkñúgRsuk
k-éhNaM RbPBBIcin=ehAfaBUC cin b¤ mYg.k,alEvg-muxceg¥ót-RtecokFøak;bnþic-RcmuH
TUlay-xñgEG‘n -sm,úrexμAlays /ciBa©wm9-15Ex= 60-90KRk empþl;kUn= 9-12k,al/
6

x-BUCkNþúr
BUCGasIusuT§saF
rUbrag³ maDtUc-k,alRsYcdUckNþúr-xøÜnxøIEtRkas;- xñgEG‘n-eBaHb:RbHdI- sm,úrexμAb¤RbepH
ciBa©wm12Ex= 60KRk /empþl;kUn= 12-24k,al.
K-BUCkMBt
manRbPBminc,as;las;¬xøHfamanRbPBBIkMBt¦. BUCenHmantambeNþayRBMEdn evotNam
¬kMBt-taEkv-kNþal-sVayerog>>>¦
BUCenHRsedogBUCkNþuúr EtxñgEG‘nxøaMgCag RkckeCIgeRkayb:HdI nigmaneramBN’exμA
ciBa©wm 9-16Ex = 60-100KRk
X-BUCdMrI
BUCmancMNas;CageKkñúgRsukeyIg.Es,kRCYjmþúMEPñk RtecokFM k,alFM xøÜnRkas; maneramRtg;
eBaH nigePøA mansMburexμA.
7

2>1/2 BUCnaMcUl
k-y:kesor³ large white Middle white
8

9
x-ELnERds¬ Landrace¦
X-Duyr:uk g-EBüERdn

Poland china Hamshire
Tamworth Chester White
10

11
3/2/bgáat;BUC
3/2/1 bgáat;BUCsuT§
3/2/2 bgáat;køay
k-bgáat;qøas;
k1-qøas;BIrBUC
k2-qøas;bIBUC ¬bgáat;CMu¦
x-bgáat;bBa©b; ¬]sSahkmμ-esdækic©¦
x1-esdækic©smBaØ ¬esdækic© 2 jatþi¦
x2-esdækic© 3Qam
x3-esdækic© 4Qam

3>2>3 lkçN³Biessrbs;RCUk
k>RCUksac; ³
-rUbrag ³ xøÜnEvg/ePøAFM/ Tm¶n;F¶n;
-snÞsSn¾énkareRbIR)as;cMNITab ¬Fmμta=3/2-3/6KRk/l¥=1-2/5KRk¦
-ciBa©wmrh½sFM
-Fn;Cm¶W
-Tinñplsac;=sac;RkhmeRcIn-¬BN’kULab¦sac;puy
x>RCUkBUC
yklkçN³ 5ya:grbs;RCUksac; + 2cMNuc³
1 >jI-eQμal=manedaH 6KUeLIgeTA
2>jI ³ ecHciBa©wmkUn
12
eQμal³ TwkkammanKuNPaBx<s;

CMBUkTI3
cMNI nigmCÆdæanciBa©wm
3/1 mCÆdæanciBa©wm
3/1/1 GakasFatu nigTisedAsagsg;RTug
k-GGGGaaaakkkkaaaassssFFFFaaaattttuuuu³ RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaman ³
-TItaMg³ tMbn;NÐÚcinénGasIuGeKñy¾ cenøaHExSRsbTI 10-15 nigExSbeNþayTI 102 -108
énry³beNþayxagekIt .
RBMRbTl;³evotNam¬ekIt¦-Lavnigesom¬eCIg¦-esom¬lic¦-esomnig Gulf of Thai and ¬t,úÚg¦
-GakasFatu ³ mFüm 27-29 0C
mUsugR)aMg¬Gb,=29 0C /Gti=37-380C ¦-vsSa¬ Gb,=25-26 0C /Gti=27/5-280C ¦
vsSa ¬]sPa-tula¦/R)aMg¬vicäika-emsa¦³rMehIy¬vicäika-FñÚ-mkra¦/R)aMgBit¬kumÖ³-mina-emsa
13

14

karFøak;ePøogdMbUgCaehtueFVI[mankarERbRbYlBIekþAeTAesIm + karbgçaMgeRcInxusbTdæan
CaehtueFVI[RCUksøab;Pøam² ¬eRBaHRTugkMBugekþA minTan;manxül;ecjcUll¥¦.
CamYyKñaenHemX k¾RtCak;eFVI[sa¼kaystVmankarERbRbYl¬begáInkarbnþÚrrUbFatu¦+ cMNIxVH
famBlCaehtueFVI[stVfmfyfamBl ehIyCabeNþIrvanwgsøab;.
ehIyedayrdUvenHkMeNInxül;ekIneFVI[RCUk)at;bg;kMedA nig)at;TWkeRcIn CaehtuGacsøab;)an.
RBHGaTitübeBa©jkMedAeFVI;RCUkFujRTan;minsUvsIu CaehtueFVI[karlUtlas;exSay stVfmfy
kmøaMgehIycuHexSay RbsinebIxül;ekþAsa¼kay)at;CatiTwk¬eRBaHdkegðimjab;¦CaehtueFVI;vasøab;.
¬ RCUkCastVKμanRkeBjejIsehtuenH RtUvpþl;Twk[)aneRcIn¦
x-karsagsg;RTug³
-|sanþ –nirtI
-lic¬bs©wm¦- ekIt¬bUB’¦
15

16
3/1/2 CRmk nigRTug
sMrab;bgçaMgedIm,I ³
-karBarktþaGaRkk;TaMgLay ¬stVsahav/Cm¶WepSg²>>>¦
-bgál¼x l¥dl;karRsavRCav
-CakEnøgsmRsbdl;karlUtlas;
3>1>3 CBa¢aMg
-cMeBaH)a ³kMBs; 1/2 -1/6 Em:Rt nigkRmas; 20-30 sgÞIEm:Rt
-cMeBaHemepIm-sac; ³kMBs; 0/7-0/8 Em:Rt nigkRmas; 10-12sgÞIEm:Rt
-cMeBaHemciBa©wmkUn ³kMBs; 0/6-0/7 Em:Rt nigkRmas; 10 sgÞIEm:Rt

3>1>4 kRmal
-CaEpñkrgTm¶n;³ eBlstVmanTm¶n; 180-250KRk vamansMBaFsgát;xøaMgeFVI[gayxUc
-CakEnøge½dlrkSasI¼PaBstVeBlvaedk
dUcenHkRmalRtUvrwgmaM nigkMu[dk;Twk-lamk-Twkenam>>>eRBaHGMeNaypldl;karlUtlas;
rbs;emeraK.
¬kEnøgkRmalgayxUcxatKW Ek,rsñÚk eRBaHCakEnøgRbCMuénRCUk nigkaksMNl;RCuH¦
-kRmalRTugRtUvmanCRmal 2-3°¬RCUkBUC¦nig 3-4°¬RCUksac;¦
17

18

3>1>5 dMbUl
KRmUdMbUlmaneRcInEbbEdlmanRbeyaCn¾edayELkBIKña
k-ddddMMbbMMbbUUllUUllmmmmYYYYyyyyCCCCaaaannnn;³
-plRbeyaCn¾ ³RtCak;xül;ecjcUll¥ eRBaH sMeNImnigsI¼PaB bMPayecjl¥
-vibtþi ³ ePøógsac-BnøÅCHcUl-xül;bk;cUlxøaMg>>>ebImincab;GarmμN¾dl;TisedAénkarsg;RTug
kkkk1111 ³mmmmaaaannnnssssMMyyMMyyaaaabbbb³
-plRbeyaCn¾ ³RtCak;xül;ecjcUll¥ eRBaH sMeNImnigsI¼PaB bMPayecjl¥ EtrdUvekþAxül;
Bi)akcUl.
-vibtþ³cMNayR)ak;Efm
19

20
k-dMbUlmYyCan;dddMMbbMbUUllUlmmmYYYyyyCCCaaannn;;;³mmmmaaaannnnssssMMMMyyyyaaaabbbbnnnniiiiggggGGGGtttt;;ss;;ssMMMMyyyyaaaabbbb

21
x-dMbUlmYyCan;dddMMMbbbUUllUlmmmYYyyYyCCCaaannn;;mm;mmaaaannnnssssøøaaøøaabbbbBBBBIIrrIIrr

x-dMbUlmYyCan;dddMMMbbbUUllUlmmmYYyyYyCCCaaannn;;mm;mmaaaannnnssssøøaaøøaabbbbBBBBIIrrIIrr
KKKKuuNNuuNNssssmmmm,ttttþþiiþþ ii ³
-snSM)anTMhMdIebIeFobCamYyRTugdMbUlsøabmYy
-rkSa)annUvkMedA¬PaBkk;ekþA¦enArdUvrgar
-GacsagEfmnUvCBa¢aMgkNþal b¤kat;TTwgeragbegáItCaRTug bgáPaBgayRsYldl;karRCk nigedk
EdlGacecosvagnUvsMNacTwkePøóg xül; BnøWRBHGaTitü>>>.
vvvviiiibbbbttttþþiiþþii³rkSakMedAenArdUvekþA EdleFVI[RTugmansPaBkk;ekþA eRBaHsMeNIm nigkMedAminGacebiuIgmkeRkA
22

K-dMbUlBIrCan;dddMMbbMbUUllUlBBBIIrrIrCCCaaannn;;mm;mmaaaannnnssssøøaaøøaabbbbBBBBIIrrIIrr
RtuUv)aneKniymkñúgkarciBa©wm ehIyvimaRtRbhak;RbEhleragdMbUlmYyCan;søabBIrEdredayRKan;Et
enAelIdMbUlmanEfmdMbUltUcmYyCan;eTot edIm,IbgáPaBgayRsYldl;xül;ecjcUlenArdUvekþA.
-KKKKuuuuNNNNssssmmmm,ttttþþiiþþii³
- snSM)anTMhMdIebIeFobCamYyRTugdMbUlsøabmYy
-xül;ecjcuUl)anl¥CagRTugdMbUlsøabBIr eRBaHxül;ekþAgayPayecjtamcenøaHdMbUlEdlbEnßmBIelI
-GacsagEfmnUvCBa¢aMgkNþal b¤kat;TTwgeragbegáItCaRTug bgáPaBgayRsYldl;karRCk nigedk
EdlGacecosvagnUvsMnacTwkePøóg xül; BnøWRBHGaTitü>>>.
vvvviiiibbbbttttþþiiþþii³
-cMNayfvikaGs;eRcIn
-ePøóg xül; GacnwgsactamcenøaHdMbUl Edlsg;Efm.
23

24

X-sñÚkcMNI nigTwk
-kUnRCUk ¼k,al³ kMBs; 10-15 sm/ beNþay 20sm
-eBjv½y¼k,al ³ kMBs; 20 sm/ beNþay 30-40sm
25

26

27
g-kRmitbgçaMg
)a ³ 9-12/5 m2¼k,al
jI ³
-kMBugbMe)A ³12 m2¼k,al
-epIm ³ 1/5-2/5 m2¼k,al
-eRtom ³ 1/5m2¼k,al
sac;³ 1/5m2¼k,al
pþac;edaH ³ 0/2 +0/5 m2¼k,al

3-2 FatusMxan;²epSgeTot
3-2-1111 bbbbrrrriiiiyyyyaaaakkkkaaaassss ³briyakasman 3 RsTab;³
-mmmmNNNNÐÐllÐÐllGGGGaaaakkkkaaaassssrrrrccccllll;¬Tropospher¦mankMBs; 0-17 Km eFobsmuRT
-mmmmNNNNÐÐllÐÐllGGGGaaaakkkkaaaassssssss¶bb¶bb;¬Stratospher¦mankMBs; 17-48 Km eFobsmuRT
-eeeemmmmssssUUEEUUEEssssV¬Mesospher¦sßitelImNÐlGakass¶b;.
mmmmNNNNÐÐllÐÐllGGGGaaaakkkkaaaassssrrrrccccllll; manGasUt 78°/GuksuIEsn RbEhl 21°/ EpñkEdlenAsl;man
kabUnik³ 0/03° /cMhayTwk 1-2°/ ]sμ½nkRmepSgeTot³ sulpYrW/Gam:Ujak;>>>nig)ak;etrI/pSit
eTaHbIkñúgFmμCatisMbUrGuksIuEsnk¾eday k¾tamsPaBCak;Esþgkñúgvis½yciBa©wmRCUkEtgxVHCanic©
eRBaH ³
-kRmitbgçaMghYskMNt;
-kgVHxül;ecjcUl nigGnam½ykñúgRTugeFVIkaksMNl;EdlstVbeBa©j¬kabUnic/cMhayTwkenam/
Gam:Ujak;-sulpYrW>>>¦CHT§iBldl;RbBn§½degðIm.
28

-kgVHGuksIuEsnxøaMgeFVI[RCUk fb;degðImsøab; ¬RcLMCm¶WsarTwk¦
-kgVHGuksIuEsn eFVI[Gg;TIK½r fycuH stVfyTm¶n;/gayrgCm¶W/karbgákMeNItfycuH>>>
edIm,iFanaRKb;RKan; GuksIuEsn kñúgRTugRtUvmanGuksIuEsn ³16° nigmanel,Ónxül; 0/5-1m¼vinaTI
3-2-2 TTTTwwkkwwkk
CasrubRCUkRtUvkarTwk=45-50lIRt¼éf¶ ¬duslagxøÜn RTug sñÚk>>>¦nigERbRbYltamrdUv
sMrab;karpwk³
-RCUkTm¶n; 10-25 KRk = 4-5 lIRt¼éf¶
-RCUkTm¶n; 25-50 KRk @ 7lIRt¼éf¶
-RCUkTm¶n; 50-100 KRk = 7-12lIRt¼éf¶
TwkRtUvKμan ³emeraK/ CatiBul>>>
TTTTwwkkwwkkGGGGNNNNþþÚÚþþggÚÚgg ³ CaTUeTAvaman sUdüÚm @500mRk¼lIRt CYnkalmandl; 3000mRk¼lIRt
ma:s; sUdüÚmebImandl; 1320 mRk¼lIRt minTan;bgáeRKaHfñak;dl;stVenAeLIyeT.
29

ebIsinsuYdüÚm bMELgCa nIRTIt¬eBlvapSMCamYy Edk/Tg;Edg/s<an;F½r///¦vabgá[Buldl;RCUk
TTTTwwkkwwkkbbbbwwggwwgg////RRRRttttBBBBaaaaMMggMMgg////TTTTeeeennnnøø øø ³ manRbPBrs;enAénemeraK ¬saksBstVgab;-lamk>>>¦Biesskarraldal
én ³Salmonella, E.Coli, Camphylobacter, Shigella, Treponema, Leptospira, Pseudomonas
tamTwkCMnn;FM.
RtUvRbytñ½Er:BulEdlrlaykñúgTwk bwg/Tenø>>>eBalKWminRtUv[vapwkeT.
minfaTwkGNþÚg b¤Tenø>>>suT§EtmanemeraK ehtuenHRtuvsMGatykeRbI R)asb¤rMgab;eday ³
Calcium Hypochlorite 50 Grame/50m3 Twk.
Chlorine 2-10mg/lit Twk.
TTTTwwkkwwkkeeeePPPPøøóóøøóógggg k¾GaceRbIR)as;)ankúñgkarciBa©wmRCUkEdr Etvak¾manemeraKnigGasuIt¬eRBaHRsk;kat;
briyakasEdlmanFUlI nigEpSgeragcRk///¦ehtuenHKYreFVIGagsþúkb¤cMeraHsinmunnwgeRbIva.
ccccMMMMeeeeBBBBaaaaHHHHTTTTwwkkwwkkbbbbwwggwwgg³eyIgGaceRbI Eua de Javel 100g/10m3 edIm,IsMGatTwk
30

31

32
3-2-3 ssssaaaarrrrFFFFaaaattttuuccuucciiBBiiBBaaaa©ww©mmwwmm
k-GGGGttttßßnnßßnn½½yy ³sarFatuciBaw©mpþl;sMrab; ³
-karlUtlas;-bgákMeNIt
-KuNPaBplitpl
-RTRTg;suxPaB
k1-ttttuulluullüüüüPPPPaaaaBBBBéééénnnnssssaaaarrrrFFFFaaaattttuuccuucciiBBiiBBaaaa©ww©mmwwmmkkkkññúúññggúúggccccMMNNMMNNIIII
sMxan;KW³ tulüPaBGasIutGamIn -bnÞab;mkvItamIn-tulüPaBrvagfamBl nig RbU>GIun
kkkk2222-kkkkaaaarrrrEEEEkkkkééééccccññññccccMMNNMMNNIIII
edIm,I[RCUkmankarrMlayl¥ ³ sI¼PaB-mIRkUsarBagÁkay>>>
kkkk3333-bbbbEEEEnnnnßßmmßßmmssssaaaarrrrFFFFaaaattttuueeuueeppppSSSSggggeeeeTTTTooootttteeeeddddIImmIImm,IICCIICCYYyyYYyyRRRRbbbbddddaaaabbbb;;;;rrrrMMllMMllaaaayyyyGGGGaaaahhhhaaaarrrr[[[[eeeekkkkIInnIInnsssskkkkmmmmμμμμPPPPaaaaBBBB bbbb¤¤ll¤¤ll¥¥¥¥ eBalKWeRbI
Gg;sIum-GasIutsrIragÁ>>>
kkkk4444-RRRRbbbbPPPPBBBBddddMMbbMMbbnnnn;;;;³bEnßmcMNIEdlmankñúgtMbn;edIm,I[témøcMNIefak

ral;sarFatuciBa©wmERbRbYltam³ BUC-Gayu-ePT-dMNak;kalbgákMeNIt-mCÄdæan-l¼xEfTaM >>>
smasFatu Tm¶n;¬KRk¦
1-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-110
33
eRtom
)a-em
bMe)A
RbUetGIun 24 20 18* 15* 13* 12* 13*
famBl¬Kcal/kg¦ 3220 3240 3250 3260 3275 3210 3210
lIsIun° 1/4 1/15 0/95 0/75 0/60 0/43 0/60
emtüÚnIn-sIusÞIn° 0/68 0/58 0/48 0/41 0/34 0/23 0/36
RTIBtUhVan° 0/20 0/17 0/14 0/12 0/10 0/09 0/12
kal;süÚm° 0/90 0/8 0/7 0/6 0/5 0/75 0/75
pUsV½r° 0/7 0/65 0/6 0/5 0/4 0/6 0/6
Tm¶n;cMNI¬Rk¼éf¶¦ 250 460 950 1900 3110 1900 5300
kMeNInTm¶n;¬Rk¼éf¶¦ 200 250 450 700 820
RbPB ³ NRC (Ohayo) 1988 (Cited by Nguyen ngoc Tuan-Tran Thi Dan 1999)

x-bbbbNNNNþþaaþþaassssaaaarrrrFFFFaaaattttuuccuucciiiiBBBBaaaa©ww©mmwwmm
rYmman³ RbUetGIun- KøúysIut-lIBIt-sarFatuxniC¬Er:¦-vItamiIn>>>
xxxx1111- RRRRbbbbUUeeUUeettttGGGGIIIuuInnuunn³
CasarFatuciBa©wmEdlmanTM¼TM dl;karrs;ranrbs;stV b:uEnþRCUkminGacsnSMvaTuk)aneLIy
34
ehtuenHeKRtUvpþl;[vaCaerogral;éf¶.
cMNIpþl;nUv RbUetGIun manenA ³
-plitplEdlmanedImkMeNItBIstV
- plitplEdlmanedImkMeNItBIrukçCati
CaTUeTAGRta RbUetGIun enAkñúg plitplEdlmanedImkMeNItBIstV > rukçCati
]- emSARtITwksab man RbUetGIun = 50-60°
s>dI man RbUetGIun =45-45/54°
s/esog man RbUetGIun =40-45°

eRkABIenHcMNIpþl;famBl¬mUldæan¦k¾manRbUetGIunEdr Et< 20° .
varYmman³ eBat-cugGgár¬RbU/GIun³8-11°¦-knÞk;¬9-13°¦-dMLÚgmI¬2-3°¦///CaedIm
*ttttRRRRmmmmUUvvUUvvkkkkaaaarrrr RRRRbbbbUUeeUUeettttGGGGIIuuIInnuunn³-tam Kotabanska ³
-ERbRbYltamTm¶n;³kan;EtFMsmtßPaBeRbIR)as; RbU/GIunkan;Etfy¬taragTMB½r32¦
-)aBUC >jIBUC
-jiIsac; > eQμaleRkov
-BUCsac; > BUCxøaj;
ebIxVHRbUetGIun³
-stVminsUvsIu ¬eRBaHlkçN³q¶;aj;mat;fycuH¦
-karlUtlas;yWt-karbgákMeNItGn; ¬eRBaHkRmitrlayTab¦
-Es,ks¶ÜtnigsuxPaBTn;exSay
35

KuNPaBRbUetGIun=GaRs½yGasIutGamIen ¬manRbEhl 20RbePT¦BiessGasIutGamiIenTaMg10
³ PHILL V MATT kñúgenaHEtgxVH ³ Lys-Met-Tryp.
taragbgðajBI tttaaarrraaagggbbbgggððaaðajjjBBBII I GGGGaaaassssIIuuIIttuuttGGGGaaaammmmIInnIInnkkkkññúúññggúúggFFFFaaaattttuummuummYYyyYYyyccccMMnnMMnnYYnnYYnn
DM Argi Cyst Gly Histidin Iso Leu Lys Met Phenyl Threo Tryp Tyrosine valine
eBat 852 4.3 3.8 3.3 2.6 3.0 11.1 2.5 2.3 4.5 3.2 0.4 3.9 4.3
cugGgár 890 6.2 0.8 6.3 1.7 3.5 5.2 2.4 1.5 3.6 2.9 1.3 4.1 5.0
m>s>s 861 35.3 12.0 19.5 12.6 20.3 35 28.5 7.9 23 17.9 5.5 17.7 22.2
m>RtI 918* 40.5 6.4 50.6 14.1 26.1 44.6 48.2 15.2 28.8 24.9 6.92 21.4 30.7
36
*918 g = 91.8% or 6.4 g = 0.64%
meal fish 47% meal fish 38% soy bean s>dI Corn
Tryp 0.7 0.63 0.62 0.54 0.067
edIm,IFana[stVRCUkmankarlUtlas;l¥enaHcMNIRtUvmanRbU/GIun 16° dl; 22-24°
BiesaFn¾mYy)anbgðajfa³eBlEdlcMNImantulüPaBGasIutGamInenaHeKeRbIRbU/GIunEt11-12°b:ueNÑaH
RCUk)aneLIgsac;585Rk¼éf¶ebIKμantulüPaBvijenaHeKeRbI22°)anekIn585Rk¼éf ¶(VoVan Ninh)

TisedAénkarciBa©wmRCUksac;KWGacbnßy RbUetGIunkñúgcMNI EtRtUvEfm GasIutGamIn CamYyKña
37
EdrtMélcMNIk¾cuHefak.
RRRRkkkkuummuummBBBBiiiieeeessssaaaaFFFFnnnn¾ kkkkMMMMeeeeNNNNIInnIInnTTTTmmmmnn¶nn;;;; FCR
11118888°°°°RRRRbbbbUUUUeeeettttGGGGIIuuIInnuunn¬eeeeBBBBaaaatttt +ssssssss¦ 270Rk¼éf¶ 444444440000RRRRkkkk
11114444°°°°RRRRbbbbUUeeUUeettttGGGGIIuuIInnuunn+0000////5555°°°°llllIIssIIssIIuuIInnuunn +0.05%Tryp 290Rk¼éf¶ 444466660000Rk
rrrrUUUUbbbbmmmmnnnnþþ þþ 2222+0.13%Tryp 333300000000RRRRkkkk¼ééééffff¶¶ 444477770000RRRRkkkk
kalNaGasIutGamInsMxan; manRKb;RKan; eTibGacRsUbykGasIutGamInminsMxan; ebImindUecñHeT
GasIutGamInFmμtanwgpþac; r:aDIkal;GamIn¬ NH2¦.
NH2
NH2 +CO2 →C= O ( UREA)
NH2

ebIxVHGasIutGamInRtUvEfmPøammin[elIsBI 36em:ageLIy ebImindUecñHeT vaminGacbBa¢ab;)aneT
x1-1 Lys ³ NH2-(CH2)4-CH2-COOH
38
NH2
CaGasIutGamInsMxan;TI1 EdlmannaTIkñúgkarsMeyaKRbUetGIun BiessKW eGm:UkøÚb‘Ín .
ebIxVHva³RbUetGIunkñúgQamfycuH¬xatbg;RbU/GIun¼QamenaHKW γ,α globulin¦EdlmanT§iBldl;
PaBFn;énCm¶W¬PaBsaMu¦rbs;RCUk.
-cMeBaHkUnRCUk ³ manT§iBldl;Rb>RbsaT →k¥Ütceg¥ar→lUtlas;yWt
-emRCUk nig)a ³ kargareRbIR)as;GasUtTab→smtßPaBsMeyaKekasikafy→ehtuenH
stVmanTisedAlUtlas;Etxøaj;→smtßPaBbgákMeNItexSay.
-RCUksac; ³ manT§Bldl;Calikasac;Rkhm→vimaRtsac;cmøktUc→GRtasac;Rkhm
Tab →dUecñHkarEfm lIsIun kñúgcMNI→sac;cmøkRtUv)anCYsCul TnÞwmenHsnÞsSn¾énkareRbIR)as;cMNI
k¾RtUv)ancuHTabpgEdr.

-karelIs lIsIun eFVI[mankarfycuHnuvsmamaRtArginine EdlsMxan;sMrab;man; EtebIcMNIxVH
Arginine k¾minGacbMeBjvaeday lIsIun )anEdr luHRtaEteRbI Arginine vijeTIb)an.
xxxx1111-2 Met
cUlrYmkñúgkarsMeyaKRbUetGIunkñúgQam nigTwkedaH nigFana)annUvkarlUtlas;énerampgEdr.
vaFana)annUvskmμPaBeføIm edIm,IkarBarRbqaMgCatiBul nig)anbegáIteLignUv Choline ¬xVHva
eFVI[stVmanCm¶Wxøaj;rMuefIøm nigT§iBldl;skmμPaBRbsaT¦
vacUlrYmkñúgkarsMeyaKGrm:UnlUtlas; énRk/GIub:UPis mux
kalNaxVHvastV ³ xVHQam¬karlUtlas;exSay¦-sac;dMusVit-RCuHeram- FCRekIn
TM¼TM rvag Met nig B12
]-cMNImUldæan→ RCUkekInTm¶n; 100°¬] -100Rk¦
cMNImUldæan+ Met → RCUkekInTm¶n; 107°¬107Rk¦
cMNImUldæan+ Met+ B12→ RCUkekInTm¶n; 122°¬122Rk¦
39

eRBaH B12 cUlrYmkñúgkarsMeyaK Met BI Homocystein (Cystein)
*karbEnßm Lys nig Met Gackat;bnßynUvGRtasmamaRténemSARtI. Rerat(1963)karbEnßm
230Rk Lys snSMsMéc)anemSARtI 10KRk nig GgársRmUb)an 17KRk.
xxxx1111-3 Tryp
man TM¼TM y:agsMxan;CamYy Niacine (Vitamin PP) eyIgGacfa Vitamin PP ekItecjBITryp
RbsinebIxVHPP enaHvanwgxVHTryp
krNIeRbIeBateRcIn RtUvcab;GarmμN¾eTAelI Tryp ¬eBatmanTrypticehIyPPk¾ticEdr¦
Tryp + aa ≠ → sMeyaKbegáItRbUetGIunsMrab;sa¼kay
Trypman TM¼TMdl;karplitGrm:UnbgákMeNIt eBlxVHva
-stVRCUkjIedayeQμalyWt nigrkSaKP’min)anl¥
-stVRCUk)a ³eFVI[)amanRbdab;bnþBUCsVit ehIyCHT§iBldl;KuNPaBTwkkam
40

-stVmanCm¶WelIEs,k
-rlakGNþat nigmanCm¶WGNþatexμAelIstVEqá
-rlaksrésRbsaT
-rak b¤rlakRkBH
BiesaFn¾mYy)anbBa¢ak;fa ³
]-cMNImUldæan→ RCUkekInTm¶n; 100°
cMNImUldæan+ Tryp → RCUkekInTm¶n; 174°
cMNImUldæan+ Tryp+ Acid Nicotic → RCUkekInTm¶n; 204°
xxxx1111-4 Threonine : begáInkarsnSMTukén nIRtUEsn
maneRcInkñúgTwkedaHdMbUg¬rbs;em¦EdlcUlrYmkñúgkarsMeyaKRbUetGIunénPaBsaMu
eBlxVH ³-RCUkjIBeBaH eFVI[TwkedaHdMbUgnwgxVHRbU/GIunPaBsaMu →kUnRCUkfycuHPaBsaMu →rak
-vamanTM¼TMdl;Gg;sIumrMlayGahar→ fynUvsmtßPaBrMlayGahar
41

xxxx2222-3 KKKKøøúúøøyyúúyyssssIIuuIIttuutt
CacMNIpþl;nUvfamBl eKGacniyaymYyEbbeTotfa vaCacMNIpþl;nUvkMedA. vaekþabyk GRta
eRcIn CageKenAkñúgcMNIstV.
1-rkSatulüPaBkMedArbs;sa¼kay
eBlRCUkxVHva
-RCUkj½rjak;
-minGacsMeyaKRbU/GIunedIm,IplitCaTwkedaH nigGac[RCUkehImedaH
-Bi)akrMlayGahar ¬ehImeBaH>>>¦
42
2-CakMLaMgedIm,IbegáItskmμPaBkargar
eBlxVHva³-RCUkresHresaH-fmfykMLaMg-)at;bg;PaBFn;Cm¶W
3-bgáCaxøaj;bMrug³-sIueRcInFat;

-eBlxVH eføImnwgbMErbMrYlCatixøaj;[køayCasáredim,I[sa¼kay eRbIR)as; CaehtueFVI[ RCUksÁm
nigfmfykMLaMg.
cMeBaHkUnRCUkenAs)þah¾dMbUgRbPBcMNIEdlsMxan;sMrab;vaKW Lak;tUs e½dlmanenAkñúgTwkedaH
nigKøuúykUs eRBaHvapþl;famBldl;RCUk.
kUnRCUkEdleTIbsMralenAeBlEdlemxVHTwkedaH ebIeyIgeRbI sársak;kar:Us edIm,IbegáitCa
famBl[vaenaHvaEbrCaeFVI[kUnRCUkrakeTAvijeT .sßanPaBenHeyIgeXijkUnRCUk snøb;snøinF¶n;F¶r
ehIynwgsøab;. eRBaHfakUnRCUkEdleTibnwgekItmk KμanGg;sIum sak;kar:aseT rhUtdl;Gayu 1s)þh¾
eTIbvaekIteLIg ehIyenAs)þah¾TI 2 eTIbekItxøaMg ehtuenHeyigGacniyayfa Gg;sIumenH
ekIntamGayu.
Rcasmkvij Gg;sIumLak;tas k¾dUecñaHEdr vaEdrCaEbrCafy tamGayu cab;BIs)þah¾TI 3 rhUt
dl;s)aþh¾ TI 6-7 .rIÉ m:al;tUs eBlekItmkmanskmμPaBexSay EtvanwgekIneLIgtamGayuEdr.
ehtuenHebIemCYbkrNIxVHTwkedaH RtUveRbI sár Lak;tUs b¤ KøúykUs.
43

GGGGaaaammmmIIIIdddduugguugg ³karrMlayvaBwgelI GamILasén RkeBjTwkmat; ¬kUnRCUkmanticmin)ac;niyaydl;¦
eRkABIenHRkeBjlMEBge½dlbeBa©jcUleTAkñúgeBaHevonCaGñkrMlayGamIdug.
EEEEsssslllluuuuyyyyLLLLÚÚssÚÚss====CCCCaaaattttiissiissrrrrééééssss
vacaM)ac;sMrab;RCUk eRBaHvabegáItGarmμN¾[Eq¥tnigbegáInskmμPaBeBaHevon.
kñúgvis½yciBa©wmRCUk caM)ac;RtUvpþl;Catisrés tamry³bEnøébtg edIm,ICMrujkarlUtlas;Rbdab;rMlay
Gahar begáInmaD Rbdab;GaharGMeNaypldl;karsMrUb nigrMlayGaharl¥BiesskñúgdMNak;kal
BeBaH.
RCUkemRtUvpþl;Catisrés[)anc,as;las; kalNapþl;CatisrésticnigminsUvmanskmμPaB
enaH emRCUkgayCYbbBaðaekþón lamk kk enAeBaHevonFM kñúgry³eBlmYyy:agyUr ehIyvabNþal[
ekItnUvCatiBuleRcIn . CatiBulenHnwgRCabcUleTAkñúgsa¼kay CaehtueFVI[RCUkemCYbbBaða³
-MMA nigsukRBmTaMgkUnmanbBaða¬CHT§iBldl;karbgákMeNIt¦
44

-RbsinebICatisrésx<s;eBk CaehtueFVI[ ³
témøsarCatikñúgcMNIGaharRtUv)ancuHTabfycuHnuvkarrMlayGahar BIesskarrMlayRbUetGIun
CaehtueFVI[stVcuHsÁm.
*kalNaCatisréskan;Etx<s;karrMlayRbUetGIunkan;EtfycuH
NRC (1988):ebIecHEtEfm Catisrés 1° cUlkñúgcMNIenaH smamaRténkarrMlay Gahar
nwgfycuHral; 3/5°.
tRmUvkarCatisrésrbs;RCUkGaRs½yedayTm¶n;
Tm¶n;¬KRk¦ 10-20KRk 20-50KRk 50-90KRk em-)a
Catisrés° £5° £6° £7° ¬)a¦7-¬em¦8°
RbPB³ TCVN 1547-1994
45

T§iBlrbs;TTT§iiBBiBlllrrrbbbsss;;CC;CCaaaattttiissiissrrrrééééssssddddllll;;kk;;kkaaaarrrrrrrrMMllMMllaaaayyyy¬Alexender¦
PaKryCatisrés GRtarMlayRbUetGuInPaKryénRCUk
RCUk³30-50KRk RCUk³50-70KRk RCUk³70-90KRk
4/8° 71° 73/6° 75/9°
6/3° 70/1° 72/4° 74/7°
7/8° 68/9° 71/2° 73/5°
9/3° 67° 69/9° 72/2°
cugGgár k¾GacCMnYseBat)anEdr eRBaHfa témøsarCatiman 95-115° eFobCamYyeBat
¬ J.A.Eusebio, 1998. Payne, 1990¦
U.Kanto ³cugGgárCaRbPBfamBll¥-q¶aj;mat;-GRtarMlayx<s; ehIyeKGaceRbIcugGgár
b:unμank¾)ankñúgcMNIRCUk.
]-BiesaFn¾ 1-eRbIknÞk;1¼3 nigcugGgár 2¼3 BiesaFn¾2-eRbIknÞk;1¼3 nig eBat 2¼3³
EdlmanRbUetGUInRbhak;RbEhlKñaenaHeKeXIj FCR group 1<group 2 Et Tm¶n; Rkum1 >Rkum2
46

22221111-3333 llllIIIIBBBBIIttIItt =eRbg-xøaj;
kñúgsa¼kayRCUkEdleTIbnwgekItmanxøaj;RbmaNCa 5° rIÉRCUkTm¶n; 100KRkman RbEhl35°
T§iBlrbs;lIBItRbEhlnwgKøúysIutEdrKW
-pþl;famBl 20-30°
-pþl;kMedA 1RkamlIBIt=9Kcal ,1RkamKøúysIut=4/3Kcal,1RkamRbUetGIun=4.3Kcal
lIBItEdlelIsnwgkøayCaxøaj;bMrug
kalNakñúgcMNImanlIBItelIsvaeFVI[RCUk BI)akrMlay nigrak
tRmUvkar ³kUnRCUk1-3° nigkUnRCUkpþac;edaH 3-4° /CMTg; ³ £5° RCUk FM nigem£ 8°
RKb;cMNIGaharEtgmanRKb;RKan;nUvCatixøaj;ehtuenHmincaM)ac;bEnßmvaeToteLIyEteTaHCay:agNakMu
Kb,IeRbIsmasFatuNaEdlsMbUrxøaj; b¤eRbgeRcIn.FatuEdlsMbUrCatieRbgKW ³ knÞk;-s>dI-s>s eBat>>>
cMeBaH eBat-s/dI-s/s manGasIutxøaj;minEq¥teRcIn ehtuenHvaeFVI[xøaj;RCUkmansPaBRCay
cMeBaHRCUksac;munkab;sac; RtUvbnßy GasIutxøaj;minEq¥t.
47

taragtRmUvkarfamBlRCUk¬NRC 1998¦¬?¦
RCUksac;¬KRk¦ 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-80 80-120
RbUetGIun 23-21° 18-15° 13°
famBl¬kcal/kg¦ 3265
tRmUvkarfamBl
¬kcal ¼éf¶¼k,al
1620 3265 6050 8410 10030
Tm¶n;cMNIeRbI¼éf¶¬KRk¦ 0/5 1/00 1/9 2/6 3/1
RCUk emepIm embMe)A
RbUetGIun° 12-13 16/5-17/5
famBl¬kcal/kg¦ 3265
tRmUvkarfamBl
kcal 6395 14060
¬¼éf¶¼k,al
Tm¶n;cMNIeRbI¼éf¶¬KRk¦ 1/9 4/3
48

xxxx2222-4444 ssssaaaarrrrFFFFaaaattttuuxxuuxxnnnniiCCiiCC ³ Macro-mineral and Micro-mineral
- Macro-mineral: Ca-P, NaCl, Mg, S,...g/kg feed %
*Ca ³ekþabykGRtax<s;kñúgsa¼kay.vacUlrYmkñúgkarbegáIt q¥wg-eFμj . Caman 99°kñúgq¥wg
nig1°kñúgFaturav.
vamannaTI³ eFVIsac;dMumanskmμPaB ¬karrYjkRnþak;énsac;dMu¦- kMNkQam-karbeBa©jTWkedaH
*P man80°kñúgq¥wg nigEpñkEdlesssl;manenAkñúgCalikaEdlmansPaBTn;.
-vacUlrYmkñúgbegáItPñasekasikaedIm,IrkSaTuknUvfamBl
-vacUlrYmkñúgTRmg;nuyekøGURbUetGIun
-vacUlrYmy:agsMxan;kñúgCIvsaRsþsMrab;bNþÚrrUbFatunigfamBl
cMeBaHRCUk³RtUveRbIsmamaRt Ca/P= 2¼1 b¤ 1¼1
edayELkkUnRCUkRtUvkarsmamaRt Ca/P eRcInCag RCUkFMeRBaHedImI,karlUtlas;q¥wg
49

Tm¶n; 10-20kg 20-50kg 50-100kg
Ca 0.7 0.6 0.5
P 0.6 0.5 0.4
RbPB NRC 1988(?)
kñúgsßanPaBCak;EsþgeKEtgeXIjman CaticCag P eRBaHfaCaTUeTAcMNIpþl;famBlman CaTab
ehIysmamaRtrvag Ca-P BitCaKμantulüPaBeLIy
¬BiesseBleRbIknÞk;eRcIn eRBaHknÞk;man Ca:1.6 –P:1.5 = Ca/P @1
RbsinebIxVHTaMg Ca-P ehIyeRkABIeRbI emSAsMbkelos nigq¥wg eKGaceRbI Dicalciphosphor
eRBaHfavaman¬ Ca:24%,P:17% ¦
karBitkarRsUbyk Ca-P vaGaRs½yeTAeday³
-stVtUcRsUbykxøaMgCagstVFM
-stVEdlkMBugxVHsarFatuTaMgenHkñuúgsa¼kay
-GaRs½yedaycMNI nigsßirPaBénvItamIn ed
50

-GaRs½yedaykñúgcMNI nigTwkman GasIut GuksalIc b¤pøÚvGaharmanpÞúkeTAedayGasIut
xøaj;eRcIn eBlEdlvacUlrYmRbtikmμCa CavakøayCasarFatuEdlpøÚvGaharminRsUb
- Mg-SO4k¾eFVI[minmankarRsUb CacUleTakñugsa¼kay
ssssBBBBaaaaØØaaØØaaeeeeBBBBllllxxxxVVHHVVHH Ca
-kUnRCUk ³ Rkin/minsUvmaneram/ Es,kRCIvRCYjEdlgayrgnUvCm¶We½s,kepSgeTot eBlRkinehIy
ebIeTaHCa bMb:n k¾karlUtlas;enAe½tmansPaBywtEdr.
-RCUkFM ³ es<at b¤Bukq¥wg eRBaH Ca kñúgq¥wgRCabecjmkeRkA
-RCUkemnigepIm ³ manCm¶Ws<wkeRkayeBlsMral /xVHTwkedaH eRBaHsmtßPaBplitTwkedaHfycuH
ssssBBBBaaaaØØaaØØaaeeeeBBBBllllxxxxVVHHVVHH P:
sMxan;bMputsMrab;RCUkemeBlxVHvabNþal[em edayeQμalyWt/GRtarkSaKP’Tab/TwkkamxVH
KuNPaB/ kUntic
51

*Nacl: eBlEdlmanGMbilRKb;RKan;enaH eKeXIjrsRkBHekIneLig nigFana)annUvskmμPaB
Gg;sIum GamILas EdleFVI[kareRbIR)as;cMNIl¥.
eBlxVH ³
-fycuHnUvlkçN³q¶aj;mat; nigfynUvrsRkBH
-RKab;QamfycuH
etebiIcMNImanCatiGMbilx<s; stVnwgpwkTwkeRcIn ehIyebIekIndl; 2° enaH stVRCUknwgBul b¤rak
eRBaHfa GMbilnigRCabtamPñaseBaHevon eFVI[PñaseBaHevonRc)ac; kRnþak; nigrakEtmþg ehIyebI
GMbil RCabdl;ekasika nigbnþeTAdl;tRmgenam enaHtRmgenamnwgkRnþak; stVenameRcIn ebIvaRCab
dl;Rb/RbsaTenaH stVmankarrbkac; nigkRnþak; ehIysaøb;Etmþg.
52

53
*K-Mg :
K mannaTIsMxan;kñúgkarsMeyaK RbUetGIun-rMejacskmμPaBsac;dMu¬Biesssac;dMu ebHdUg¦ nig
karbMELgCatisár.
ebIxVH ³RCUkeramtic/ Es,kRCYjnigs¶Üt/ karlUtlas;ywt-sIuepþspaþs-rak>>>
ebIelIs ³ eFVI[ebHdUgelatyWt-xUctRmgenam
b:UtasüÚm maneRcInkñúgTwkXμúM-bEnø-esμA>>>
tRmUvkar ³RCUk 10-20KRk ³0/26
RCUk 20-50KRk ³0/23
RCUk 50-100KRk ³0/15
rIÉ Mg mannaTIRcasCamYy Ca. kalNaxVHvaeFVI[stVxVH Caq¥wgEbrCaTn;-xVin
ma:ejsüÚm maneRcInkñúg³ knÞk;-emSAdMLÚg-emSAq¥wg-m>k,albgág-bEnø-esμA-eRbgl¶>>>
tRmUvkar³ 0/04°

- Micro-mineral:
- Micro-mineral: Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Mn, I,… mg/kg feed or ppm
- Fe, Cu, Co: plitRKab;Qam
Fe ³éNVy:U Hem tRmUvkarCatiEdk 800ppm nigERbRbYltamGayu
Cu: dwknaMCatiEdkBIcMNIGahar nigq¥wgeTAeKalikaRkhm
Co: CaFatupSMrbs;vitamIn B12EdlB12 cUlrYmRbtikmμ¬co-enzyme factor¦sMeyaK RKab;Qam
¬GanEfmsarFatuxniC nigvItamIn¦
54

3-smasFatu sssmmmaaasssFFFaaatttuu u nnnniiggiiggkkkkaaaarrrrppppSSSSMMccMMccMMNNMMNNIIII
minKb,IpSM[elIs¬xatRbUetGIunnigKμanRbeyaCn¾¦ b¤xVHeLIy¬minRKb;karlUtlas;¦
3-1111 ttttaaaammmmcccc,aaaabbbb;;éé;;éénnnnkkkkaaaarrrrllllUUttUUttllllaaaassss;;mm;;mmaaaannnn 2222ttttMMNNMMNNaaaakkkk;;kk;;kkaaaallll³
tMNak;kalTI 1 ³ ekIt¬³1/3KRk¦ →pþac;edaH¬9-18KRk¦ →Gayu4Ex=50-72KRk¦
tMNak;kalTI 2 ³ 4Ex →Gayu6-8 Ex¬73-120KRk¦
kMeNInTm¶n;rbs;stVGaRs½yeday³-m:as;cMNI-KuNPaBcMNI-BUC¬KuNPaBBUC¦-ePT¬jI xusBI
eQμal¦-suxPaB-karRKb;RKg¬GakasFatu ³28 GgSa-kRmitbgçaMg 10-20k,al¦
cMeBaHRCUkeRtom nigRCUkBUC eKKit cab;BI Gayu 4Ex eLIgeTA.
karpþl;rUbmnþcMNIKWEp¥ktam ³ sßanPaBciBa©wm-bridæan-sßanPaBRsavRCavRbcaMtMbn;
55

56
3-2 eKalkarN¾pSMcMNIsMrab;RCUk
cMNI ³
1-mUldæan¬famBl¦
2-bMeBjRbUetGIun¬pþl;RbUetGIun¦
3-bMeBjbEnßm ¬Er;-vItamIn¦
1-mUldæan ³
-knÞk;¬RCUktUc <25° /RCUkFM £50°¦
-eBat³GaceRbIdl; 80° Etxøaj;minl¥
-cugGgár-dMLÚgmI/¬søwkdMLÚgmI £5°¦
RtÚvlaycab;BI 60-80°
2-bMeBjRbUetGIun¬stV=5-15°/ rukçCati=5-15°¦
3-bMeBjbEnßm¬1-3°¦

EpñkTI2
viFIciBa©wm nigEfTaM
2-1 sRmab;RCUkeRtom
eKalbMNg ³ ykvaeTAbBa©ÚlCMnYs em b¤)a EdlRtUve)aHbg;ecal b¤faciBa©wmedIm,ITuksRmab;ykkUn
2-2 kareRCIserIsRCUkeRto222 kkkaaarrreeeRRRCCCIIssIseeerrrIIssIsRRRCCCUUkkUkeeeRRRtttooommmm
ehacNas;k¾ man 4 tMNak;kalEdr ³
-eQμaleBlvamanGayu 7 éf¶ rIÉjIeBlvamanGayu 21éf¶
-eBlpþac;edaH b¤Gayu 60-70éf¶ ¬dMNak;kalenH RtUvpøas;ykeTAdak;kñúgRTugRCUksac;¦
-eBlmanGayu 4-6 Ex
-eBlvamanGayu 7-10Ex¬eBlenaHRCUkeQμal GacbeBa©jlwgÁ b¤Twkkam)an rIÉjIRtUvmansBaØa
edayeQμalelIkdMbUg¦
¬cab;BIGayu5-6 Ex RtUvkMNt;cMNI[suIedIm,IkMu[vaFat;eBk b¤sÁmeBk¦
57

2-3333 kkkkttttþþaaþþaaEEEEddddllllmmmmaaaannnnTTTT§ii§BBiiBBllllddddllll;;kk;;kkaaaarrrreeeeBBBBjjjjvvvv½½yyyy
2-3-1111 BBBBUUCCUUCC ³kñúgRsuk rh½sCagBUCnaMcUl ¬kúñgenaHBUC ELnERds rh½sCageKKW GayuRbmaN
6Ex rIÉkUnkat; edayeQμalmunBUCsuT§RbmaN Ca 1-4GaTitü¦
2-3-2222 ccccMMNNMMNNIIIIGGGGaaaahhhhaaaarrrr ³ cMNIxVHKuNPaB k¾CHT§Bldl;kareBjv½yEdr .
]-RCUkeRtomem eBldMNak;kal 20-80 KRk cMNIRtUvman ³
-RbUetGuIn 15-18°/ famBl 3200-3250Kcal/Kg
-Catixøaj; 4-5° / Catisrés < 5-6°
-kal;süÚm 0>7-0>75° /pUsV½r 0>6°
-lIsIun 0>7-0>8°/ Met + Cys ³ 0>38-0>45°
-GMbil ³ 0>35°
sMxan;bMputcMNIrbs;vaRtUvmanRKb;tRmUvkardUcxagelIehIy[sIu 2-2>5 KRk¬eBlGayu³5-
5ExknøH b¤ Tm¶n; 70-80KRk¦ b¤[vasIucMNIrbs; embMe)Ak¾)an.
58

eKniymCMnYsvanigbgáat;eBlRCUkenHedayeQμalelIkTI 2 ¬eBlGayu 200-220éf¶ b¤Tm¶n;
110-120KRk b¤ eBlEdlvamanGayu 8Exk¾)an¦.
2-3-3333 kkkkaaaarrrrbbbbggggaaçaaMMggMMggrrrrYYmmYYmm
-minbgçaMgvaeRcInCag 20k,al¼RtugeLIy¬TMhMRTug 1>5-2 m2¼k,al¦
-BnøWKYrmanRbmaN 12 em:ag¼éf¶ ¬ehIyKYrcab;GarmμN¾fa BUC y:kesor nig Duyr:uk Gacnwg
edayeQμalkñúgsPaBes¶óms¶at;¦
2-3-4444 kkkkaaaarrrrbbbbggggççaaççaaMMggMMggeeeeddddaaaayyyyEEEELLLLkkkk
kgVHPaBCitsñitrvagem nig)a k¾CabBaðamYyEdlbNþal[kareBjv½ymansPaBywty:avEdr
2-3-5555 bbbbBBBBaaaaððaaððaaeeeeppppSSSSggggeeeeTTTTooootttt
Cm¶WedlCHT§IBldl;PaBvibløasénRbBn§½RbsaT>>>
RCUkeRtomminRtuv[vaeBjv½ymunGayu 150éf¶eT ehIyeRkay 150éf¶RtUvmanTm¶n;cab;BI
110-120KRk pgEdr.
59

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