THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

  Controlling the Internal
              Environment
Gross Anatomy of System
• Pair of kidneys
  – Retroperitoneal
• Pair of ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
Gross Anatomy
Location of Kidneys
  Retroperitoneal
Retroperitoneal Location
The Kidney

        Pyramid   Papilla

                            Cortex
                            Medulla
Hilum                           Column
                            Calyx

                             Pelvis
                            Ureter
Functions of Excretory System
• Regulate body fluids
    – Volume, pH, composition
•   Remove metabolic wastes from blood
•   Control rate of RBC formation
•   Regulate blood pressure
•   Regulate absorption of calcium
Nephron

               PCT
Bowman’s                DCT
capsule

                         Vasa recti
 Glomerulus
                         Ascending
 Descending              tubule
 Tubule
                          Collecting duct
The Blood Supply to the
        Kidney
Renal Corpuscle
Renal Corpuscle
Podocyte and the Filtration Process
Renal Corpuscle
Function of Renal Corpuscle
• Bowman’s capsule
• Glomerulus
  – Filtration of blood
     •   Water
     •   Electrolytes
     •   Glucose
     •   Urea
Filtration Slits
Nephron
Tubules


Proximal Tubule


                            Distal Tubule
Function of Tubules
• Reabsorption of glucose
  – Proximal convoluted tubule
• Reabsorption of water
  – PCT, descending tubule, collecting duct
• Reabsorption of salts
  – PCT, ascending tubule, distal con. tub.
• Reabsorption of urea
  – PCT, collecting duct
Collecting Ducts




Cuboidal Epithelium lining ducts
Nepron with Vasa Recta
Function of Tubules
• Reabsorption of glucose
  – Proximal convoluted tubule
• Reabsorption of water
  – PCT, descending tubule, collecting duct
• Reabsorption of salts
  – PCT, ascending tubule, distal con. tub.
• Reabsorption of urea
  – PCT, collecting duct

Excretory system