The urinary system, components, the urine formation process, The gross structure of the kidney, Microscope structure of the kidney, Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Human kidney,structure and functions of kidneyAnand P P
human kidney structural and functions.different types of structural components present in kidney and each structure having definite functions.structural and functional aspects of kidney.
Other important functions of the kidneys include blood pressure regulation and the production of erythropoietin, which controls red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Kidneys also regulate the acid-base balance and conserve fluids.
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy.
The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule extends from the capsule.
The urinary system, components, the urine formation process, The gross structure of the kidney, Microscope structure of the kidney, Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Human kidney,structure and functions of kidneyAnand P P
human kidney structural and functions.different types of structural components present in kidney and each structure having definite functions.structural and functional aspects of kidney.
Other important functions of the kidneys include blood pressure regulation and the production of erythropoietin, which controls red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Kidneys also regulate the acid-base balance and conserve fluids.
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy.
The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule extends from the capsule.
education is our passport to the future for tommorow belongs to the people who prepare for it today....help for you and its good for ur study...i hope it is usefull for all ur study
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. OVERVIEW OFURINARYSYSTEM
Consist of 2 kidneys, 2
ureter, 1urinary
bladder and 1urethra.
After kidney filter the
blood, they return most
of the water and other
soluter to the blood
stream.
The remaining water
(urine), passes through
the ureters andis stored
in the urinary bladder.
4. FUNCTION OFTHEURINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY– regulate blood
volume and composition,
regulate pH, produce 2
hormones and excretewaste
URETERS- transport urine
from kidney to urinarybladder
URINARY BLADDER- store
urine and expelsthrough
urethra
URETHRA- discharge urine
from the body
5. The kidneys lie retroperitoneally (behind the
peritoneum) in the abdomen.
They typically extend from T12 to L3, although the
right kidney is often situated slightly lower due to
the presence of the liver.
Location Of Kidney
6. FUNCTIONS OFKIDNEY
Regulation of ions in blood
Sodium-Na+, potassium-K+, calcium-Ca2+, Cl-,
phosphate HPO42-
Regulation of blood volume
adjust the volume of blood or eliminating it in
the urine
Regulation of blood pH
Regulate by excrete a variable amount of H+ in
theurine, conserve bicarbonate HCO3-
Production of hormones
Calcitrole- calcium homeostasis
Erythropoietin- production of RBC
Excretion of waste
Ammonia and urea- amino acid
Creatinine- creatinine phosphate
Drugs ect
7. STRUCTUREOFKIDNEY
Each kidney is enclosed
in a renal capsule,
which is surrounded by
adipose tissue.
Internally, the kidneys
consist of a renal
cortex, renal medulla,
renal pyramids, renal
columns, major and
minor calyces, and a
renal pelvis.
Blood enters the kidney
through the renal
artery and leaves
through the renalvein.
9. NEPHRONS
The functional unit of thekidney is
called the nephron
About a million in eachkidney
Consist of 2 part: renal corpuscle, and
renal tubule
Renal corpuscle =
glomerular (bowman’s capsule)
glomerulus
Renal tube
Proximal convoluted tubules
Nephron loop (descending &
ascending)
Distal convoluted tubules
10. FUNCTIONOFNEPHRON
Nephrons perform three basic tasks: glomerular filtration,
tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
Together, the podocytes and glomerular endothelium
form a leaky filtration membrane that permits the
passage of water and solutes from the blood into the
capsular space.
Blood cells and most plasma proteins remain in the
blood because they are too large to pass through the
filtration membrane.
The pressure that causes filtration is the blood
pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
11. FUNCTIONSOFNEURON
Epithelial cells all along the renal tubules and collecting
ducts carry out tubular reabsorption and tubular
secretion. Tubular reabsorption retains substances
needed by the body, including water, glucose, amino
acids, and ions such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+),
chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3 ), -
calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+).
Tubular secretion discharges chemicals not needed by the body
into the urine. Included are excess ions, nitrogenous wastes,
hormones, and certain drugs. The kidneys help maintain
blood pH by secreting H+. Tubular secretion also helps maintain
proper levels of K+in the blood
16. URETERS
The ureters transport
urine from the renal
pelves of the right and
left kidneys tothe
urinary bladder
25 to 30cmin long
diameter from 1-8mm
URETER
17. URINARYBLADDER
The Urinary bladder is posterior to
the pubic symphysis
The shape of urinary bladder
depends on how much urine is
contain. when empty, it look like a
deflated balloon
Capacity ~300-400mL because, uterus
occupies the space superior tothe
urinary bladder
Toward the base of urinary bladder,
the ureter drains into the urinary
bladder via the ureteral opening.
URINARY BLADDER
18. URETHRA
The terminal portion of
the urinary bladder to
the exterior of the body.
In both male and female,
the urethra is the
passageway for
discharging urine from
the body.
The male urethra also
serves as the duct
through which semen is
ejaculated.
URETHRA