MARC 21 Training at Daffodil International University

1. MARC21
Presented By
Nur Ahammad
Senior Assistant Librarian
Daffodil International University

2. The best way to be a master of a particular subject is not only to
tech that subject but also to involve practically with that work. It
is much more necessary if the particular subject has practical
implication. It is possible to be a master of history by teaching
but it is not possible to be a master of MARC 21 cataloguing
without having practical involvement with MARC 21
cataloguing.
What is MARC Record?
MARC stands for Machine Readable Catalog. "Machine-
readable" means that one particular type of machine, a computer,
can read and interpret the data in the cataloging record.
Cataloging record is the bibliographic record or the information
traditionally shown on a catalog card. MARC record is just the
vehicle for the cataloging information. Information put into the
MARC format is determined by various rules and interpretations,
such as AACR-2, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH),
Dewey Decimal Classification System, etc.

3. In card cataloging, library professionals follow AACR-2 for
making card catalog in the most cases in Bangladesh. MARC
also use AACR-2 for making a MARC record but MARC 21
records often contain much additional information. For
making marc record, catalogers have to follow some
particular ways in marc cataloging.
MARC record was designed by a group of 16 people in the
middle 60’s.
• Designed as a communication structure to allow
cataloging information to be standardized
• Designed by computer programmers, not librarians!!
Not intuitive, or user-friendly!
• Designed for card sets, not online catalogs Combines
USMARC and CANMARC. Are moving toward an
international standard, but not quite there yet.
• Is constantly being updated and revised

4. Brief History of MARC 21
• 1966-1968: Dr. Henriette Avram leads the MARC development
project for the Library of Congress. The British National Biography
also develops a MARC format.
• 1970s-1980s: Some countries independently develop their own
MARC formats, while other countries base their MARC formats on
those of the US and UK.
• 1977: UNIMARC is developed as an exchange format, and some
countries later adapt it to operate as their national formats.
• 1990s: MARC-to-SGML DTDs developed, later followed by XML
DTDs and MCL schemas.
• 2000: US and Canadian MARC formats officially merge as MARC 21
• Present: Libraries across the world have adopted the MARC 21 format

6. Why is MARC record Important?
The bibliographical information of a catalog card cannot be easily entered
into a computer to produce an automated catalog and library automation
system. The computer needs a means of interpreting the information
found on a cataloging record. The MARC record contains a guide to its
data, or little "signposts," before each piece of bibliographic information.
The place provided for each of these pieces of bibliographic information
(author, title, call number, etc.) is called a "field." The records in simpler
computer files sometimes have a fixed number of fields, and each field
contains a fixed number of characters. However, to allow proper
cataloging of books and other library items, the best file structure allows
for records with an unlimited number of fields and unlimited field
lengths. This flexibility is necessary because not all titles are the same
length (The robe versus Alexander and the terrible, horrible, no good,
very bad day). Some books are part of a series, requiring a field for that
information, while others have no series statement. And audiovisual items
have much longer physical descriptions (5 filmstrips : sd., col. ; 35 mm. +
teaching manual) than do most books (403 p. :ill. ; 22 cm.).

7. Elements of MARC record
The are three elements of MARC record.
1. Leader
2. Fixed fields
3. Variable fields
Leader
 Used exclusively by the computer
 Includes type of record
 Bibliographic level
 Encoding level
Fixed Field
Contains important information about the item in abbreviated form. The
code that is put in “type” affects all the fixed fields. Each format has its
own fixed fields. See MARC 21 manual or OCLC Bibliographic
Formats and Standards for the MARC codes for the fixed fields. Most
of the information in the fixed fields is to be used by the computer,
often or qualifying searches.

8. Variable Field
Variable fields contain the descriptive cataloging information and the access
points. Variable fields contain:
 Tags
 Indicators
 Subfields
Tags
Three-digit numbers assigned to a particular field •
• 082 – Dewey Decimal number
• 100 – Personal name main entry
• 245 – Title and statement of responsibility
Indicators
Indicators perform different functions based on the tag they are used with and
their position (first or second)
Tracing indicators turn indexing on and off
o 245; 10$a Against the grain
o First indicator 1 creates a title added entry
Filing indicators
o 245; 14$a The age of reason
o Second indicator 4 skips the initial article “the”

9. Example: complete marc record with 245 tag and 14 indicators
=LDR 00000nama2200000a4500
=001 00000678
=008 101214s2000mauab0010engd
=010 $a 97020239
=040 $aDLC$cDLC$dBD-DhDIU
=020 $a9788131705216
=020 $a0201889544
=020 $a9780201889543
=082 00$a005.13/3$222
=100 1$aStroustrup, Bjarne.
=245 14$aThe C++ programming language /$cBjarne Stroustrup.
=250 $a3rd ed.
=260 $aReading, Mass. :$bAddison-Wesley ;$aNew Delhi :$bPearson
Education,$cc2000.
=300 $ax, 1017 p. :$bill. ;$c24 cm.
=500 $aIncludes index.
=541 1$e00021612

10. =505 20$g1.$tNotes to the Reader --$g2.$tTour of C++ --$g3.$tTour of the
Standard Library --$g4.$tTypes and Declarations --$g5.$tPointers, Arrays, and
Structures --$g6.$tExpressions and Statements --$g7.$tFunctions --
$g8.$tNamespaces and Exceptions --$g9.$tSource Files and Programs --
$g10.$tClasses --$g11.$tOperator Overloading --$g12.$tDerived Classes --
$g13.$tTemplates --$g14.$tException Handling --$g15.$tClass Hierarchies --
$g16.$tLibrary Organization and Containers --$g17.$tStandard Containers --
$g18.$tAlgorithms and Function Objects --$g19.$tIterators and Allocators --
$g20.$tStrings --$g21.$tStreams --$g22.$tNumerics --$g23.$tDevelopment and
Design --$g24.$tDesign and Programming --$g25.$tRoles of Cases --$gApp.
A.$tC++ Grammar --$gApp. B.$tCompatibility --$gApp. C.$tTechnicalities.
=520 1$a"This is a complete rewrite of the most widely read and most trusted book
on C++. Based on the ANSI/ISO C++ final draft, this book covers the C++
language, its standard library, and key design techniques as an integrated whole."
"The C++ Programming Language provides comprehensive coverage of C++
language features and standard library components." "With this third edition,
Stroustrup makes C++ even more accessible to those new to the language while
adding information and techniques that even expert C++ programmers will find
invaluable."--BOOK JACKET.
=650 0$aC++ (Computer program language)
=852 4$aDIU Library $cGeneral Shelf.

11. MARE 21 Record for Serial
=LDR 04851nasa22005657a4500
=003 BD-DhIUB
=005 20130123202750.0
=008 110629s1843xxuwrpr00engd
=022 $a0013-0613
=040 $aBD-DhIUB$cBD-DhIUB
=245 40$aThe Economist$h[print copy]
=260 $aLondon, England :$bEconomist $c1843-
=300 $av. : $bill. ; $c27-33 cm.
=310 $aweekly
=650 $aEconomics$vPeriodicals
=942 $2ddc$cCR$s1
=999 $c13713$d13713
=952 $w2013-01-24$r2013-01-24$40$00$921903$bIUBL$10$d2013-
01- 24$t1$70$hVol 406, No 8820$cJrs$yCR$aIUBL

12. E-Journals Record of MARC21
=LDR 00000cas220018154500
=001 ebs488057
=003 EbpS
=006 md||||||
=007 cranunnnuuuaa
=008 040119c9999xxuup00engd
=022 0$a0884-2272
=035 $a(EbpS)ebs488057
=245 00$aCommunications Technology$h[electronic resource].
=260 $aPotomac :$bPhillips Business Information, Inc.
=500 $aTrade Publication
=530 $aOnline version of print publication.
=773 0$tCommunication & Mass Media Complete$dIpswich, MA :
EBSCO Publishing, 1999-
=856 40$3Full text available 12/15/2009 - . $zAvailable on
EBSCOhost.$uhttp://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=ufh&jid=%
220P9%22&scope=site

13. MARC 21 Record of Movie
=LDR 00000ngma2200a4500
=001 mv00051
=003 BD-DhDIU
=005 20120327131831.0
=007 vdcvaizq
=008 050120s2005cau163evlengd
=020 $a0790782987
=024 1$a085392841028
=028 42$a28410$bWarner Home Video
=040 $cBD-DhDIU
=092 $aDVD Troy
=245 00$aTroy$h[videorecording(DVD)] /$cPlan B Productions, Inc. ; Radiant Productions; Warner Bros. ; produced
by Wolfgang Petersen, Diana Rathbun, Colin Wilson ; screenplay, David Benioff ; directed by Wolfgang Petersen.
=250 $a1-disc full-screen ed.
=260 $aBurbank, CA :$bWarner Home Video,$c[2005].
=300 $a1 videodiscs (ca. 163 min.) :$bsd., col. ;$c4 3/4 in.
=500 $aTitle from container.
=500 $aOriginally released as a motion picture in 2004.
=500 $aBased on the poem "Iliad" by Homer.
=500 $aSpecial features: Easter eggs; "In the thick of battle" featurette; "From ruins to reality" featurette; "Troy: an
effects odyssey" featurette; photo gallery; theatrical trailer.
=508 $aDirector of photography, Roger Pratt ; editor, Peter Honess ; music, Nathaniel Mechaly ; costume designer,
Bob Ringwood ; production designer, Nigel Philps ; visual effects supervisor, Nick Davis ; special effects supervisor,
Joss Williams.
=511 1$aJulian Glover, Brian Cox, Nathan Jones, Adoni Maropis, Jacob Smith, Brad Pitt, John Shrapnel, Brendan
Gleeson, Diane Kruger, Eric Bana, Orlando Bloom, Sean Bean, Julie Christie, Peter O'Toole.

14. =520 $aIn 1193 B.C., Prince Paris, the son of the King of Troy falls in love with Helen, the wife of the king of Sparta, and
convinces her to follow him away from her husband, Menelaus, the result is an epic war. The Greeks sail to Troy and lay siege.
Achilles, the greatest warrior in all the world, is called in to fight against Troy and give Greece the upper hand. Hector, the eldest
son of Priam, King of Troy, and the greatest Trojan warrior embodies the hopes of the people of his city.
=521 8$aMPAA rating: R; for graphic violence and some sexuality/nudity.
=538 $aDVD, region 1, full screen (1.33:1) presentation; Dolby Digital 5.1 surround.
=546 $aEnglish or dubbed French dialogue, English, French or Spanish subtitles; closed-captioned.
=586 $aTeen Choice Awards, 2004: Teen Choice Award - Choice Movie Actor - Drama/Action Adventure (Brad Pitt).
=650 0$aParis (Legendary character)$vDrama.$91630
=650 0$aHelen of Troy (Greek mythology)$vDrama.$91631
=650 0$aAchilles (Greek mythology)$vDrama.$91632
=650 0$aTrojan War$vDrama.$91633
=651 0$aTroy (Extinct city)$xHistory$vDrama.$91634
=655 0$aFeature films.$956
=655 0$aVideo recordings for the hearing impaired.$957
=700 1$aPetersen, Wolfgang.$91635
=700 1$aGlover, Julian,$d1935-$91636
=700 1$aCox, Brian,$d1946-$91637
=700 1$aJones, Nathan,$d1969-$91638
=700 1$aMaropis, Adoni.$91639
=700 1$aSmith, Jacob,$d1990-$91640
=700 1$aPratt, Roger.$91641
=700 1$aMechaly, Nathaniel.$91642
=700 0$aHomer.$tIliad.$91643
=710 2$aWarner Home Video (Firm)$91075
=942 $2ddc$cMV
=999 $c12768$d12768
=952 $w2011-06-02$pDVD00112$r2013-09-
22$40$00$6DVD_000000000000000_00112$920069$bIUBL$10$oDVD00112$d2011-06-02$t1$70$cMV$2ddc$yMV$s2013-
09-17$l16$aIUBL

15. Web resources
1. Understanding MARC bibliographic
1. http://www.loc.gov/marc/umb/
Clear and concise overview of (nearly) everything MARC.
2. Online Dictionary for Information Science
1. http://lu.com/odlis/index.cfm
A useful LIS dictionary with many examples and external links.
3. OCLC Bibliographic formats and standards
1. http://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/
Essential reference for all catalogers.
4. Library of Congress. MARC standards
1. http://www.loc.gov/marc/
Much more than just MARC. Essential reference.