5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physiological Safety & Security Love (Social) Esteem SA Lowest to highest order
6. Motivational Theories X & Y Physiological Safety & Security Love (Social) Esteem SA Theory Y - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by higher order needs Theory X - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by lower order needs
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9. Alderfer’s ERG Theory Existence Relatedness Growth Physiological Safety & Security Love (Social) Esteem SA
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13. 3 Motivational Need Theories Self-actualization Maslow Alderfer McClelland Higher Order Needs Lower Order Needs Esteem self interpersonal Safety & Security interpersonal physical Need for Achievement Need for Power Relatedness Need for Affiliation Existence Growth Belongingness (social & love) Physiological
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15. Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction Satisfaction Dissatisfaction Traditional view Satisfaction No satisfaction Herzberg's view No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction Hygiene Factors Motivators
28. Expectancy Model of Motivation Performance Reward Effort Effort Perceived effort– performance probability Perceived value of reward Perceived performance– reward probability “ If I work hard, will I get the job done?” “ What rewards will I get when the job is well done?” “ What rewards do I value?”
29. How Expectancy Theory Works Expectancy Effort - Performance Link E=0 No matter how much effort you put in, probably not possible to memorise the text in 24 hours Instrumentality Performance - Rewards Link I=0 Your tutor does not look like someone who has £1 million Valence Rewards - Personal Goals Link V=1 There are a lot of wonderful things you could do with £1 million Your tutor offers you £1 million if you memorise the textbook by tomorrow morning. Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do this task.
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36. Goal Setting Goals Specific Difficult Accepted Effects on Person Directs attention Energises Encourages persistency New strategies developed Feedback Performance