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Sensor
The document discusses different types of proximity sensors including optical, inductive, reed switch, inductive magnetic, and capacitive sensors. It provides diagrams and descriptions of how each sensor type works, including notes on their sensing ranges, target materials detected, and factors that influence performance. The end of the document covers standard symbols used for sensors and connections to control systems.
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- 1. Proximity sensors Optical– Through-beam Optical – Retro-reflective Optical - Diffuse Inductive Reed switch Inductive magnetic Capacitive Symbols Connection 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 1 / 91
- 2. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 2 / 91
- 3. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 3 / 91
- 4. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 4 / 91
- 5. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Targe t Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 5 / 91
- 6. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 6 / 91
- 7. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 8 / 91
- 8. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 9 / 91
- 9. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 10 / 91
- 10. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 11 / 91
- 11. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 12 / 91
- 12. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 13 / 91
- 13. Optical sensors (Through-beam) Targe t Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver Long sensing distance: up to 30 metres with some devices Will detect all but very transparent materials Must be accurately aligned 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 14 / 91
- 14. Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 15 / 91
- 15. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T R Transmitter /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 16 / 91
- 16. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 17 / 91
- 17. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 18 / 91
- 18. Reflector (prismatic) Target Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 19 / 91
- 19. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 20 / 91
- 20. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 21 / 91
- 21. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 22 / 91
- 22. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 23 / 91
- 23. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 24 / 91
- 24. Reflector (prismatic) Opticalsensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 25 / 91
- 25. Reflector Optical sensors(Retro-reflective) T R Type : Retro reflective Transmitter /Receiver Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam type (prismatic) Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets Target should be larger than the reflector 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 26 / 91
- 26. Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 27 / 91
- 27. Target Optical sensors(Diffuse) Type : Diffuse T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 28 / 91
- 28. Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 29 / 91
- 29. Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 30 / 91
- 30. Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 31 / 91
- 31. Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 32 / 91
- 32. Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse T Transmitter R /Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 33 / 91
- 33. Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse Transmitter /Receiver T R Sensing distance: much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface Larger targets result in longer sensing distances Not suitable for dirty environments 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 34 / 91
- 34. Inductive sensors 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 35 / 91
- 35. Inductive sensors Highfrequency magnetic field (300 to 800 kHz) Active surface Resonant circuit coil LED indicator Connection cable 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 36 / 91
- 36. Inductive sensors Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF Targ et 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 37 / 91
- 37. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 38 / 91
- 38. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 39 / 91
- 39. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 40 / 91
- 40. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 41 / 91
- 41. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 42 / 91
- 42. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 43 / 91
- 43. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 44 / 91
- 44. Inductive sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 45 / 91
- 45. Inductive sensors Willdetect any conductive material Quoted distances are for mild steel Sensor performance can be affected by: • Temperature • Target material • Target dimensions 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 46 / 91
- 46. Reed switch 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 47 / 91
- 47. Reed switch GlassTube filled with nitrogen Reed contacts LED indicator 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 48 / 91
- 48. Reed switch 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 49 / 91
- 49. Reed switch 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 50 / 91
- 50. Reed switch 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 51 / 91
- 51. Reed switch 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 52 / 91
- 52. Reed switch 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 53 / 91
- 53. Reed switch 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 54 / 91
- 54. Reed switch 24v 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 55 / 91
- 55. Reed switch 24v 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 56 / 91
- 56. Reed switch Interferencefrom other magnetic fields must be avoided. If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach. Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts. 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 57 / 91
- 57. Inductive magnetic sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 58 / 91
- 58. Inductive magnetic sensor Connection cable LED Indicator Resonant circuit coil High frequency magnetic field 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 59 / 91
- 59. Inductive magnetic sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 60 / 91
- 60. Inductive magnetic sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 61 / 91
- 61. Inductive magnetic sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 62 / 91
- 62. Inductive magnetic sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 63 / 91
- 63. Inductive magnetic sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 64 / 91
- 64. Inductive magnetic sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 65 / 91
- 65. Inductive magnetic sensor Inductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 66 / 91
- 66. Capacitive sensor 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 67 / 91
- 67. Capacitive sensor Sensoris looking for a Electrostatic field change in capacitance in the active field Active surface Active electrode Earth electrode LED indicator Adjusting screw Connection cable 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 68 / 91
- 68. Target Capacitive sensor 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 69 / 91
- 69. Capacitive sensor 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 70 / 91
- 70. Capacitive sensor 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 71 / 91
- 71. Capacitive sensor 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 72 / 91
- 72. Capacitive sensor Detectsany material denser than air (as long as there is enough of it) Can be adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environments 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 73 / 91
- 73. Capacitive sensor Sensoris adjusted so that it does not ‘see’ the wall of the vessel. 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 74 / 91
- 74. Capacitive sensor Asthe level rises the fluid affects the sensor field. 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 75 / 91
- 75. Capacitive sensor Untilthe sensor switches. 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 76 / 91
- 76. Sensor symbols 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 77 / 91
- 77. + 18 to30 Volts DC. 0 V Output Inductive Capacitive Optical Magnetic Ultrasonic Normally open Normally closed Sensor symbols 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 78 / 91
- 78. + 18 to30 Volts DC. 0 V Sensor symbols Capacitive Sensor with Normally open function Output 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 79 / 91
- 79. Sensor connection 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 80 / 91
- 80. + 18 to30 Volts DC 0 V Output Sensor connection 24v DC 0v PNP Type • Output is Positive • Positive switching 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 81 / 91
- 81. Sensor connection NPNType • Output switches through to 0v • Negative switching + 18 to 30 Volts DC 0 V Output 24v DC 0v 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 82 / 91
- 82. Sensor connection 17.10.03© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 83 / 91
- 83. + 18 to30 Volts DC. 0 V Output Inductive Capacitive Optical Magnetic Ultrasonic Normally open Normally closed Sensor connection 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 84 / 91
- 84. Inductive sensor Willdetect any conductive material Quoted distances are for mild steel Sensor performance can be affected by:- • Temperature • Target material • Target dimensions. Oscillation Amplitude ON OF F Targe t Sensor Sensor output signal 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 85 / 91
- 85. Capacitive sensor Detectsany material denser than air. (as long as there is enough of it) Can be adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environments 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 86 / 91
- 86. Target Optical sensors Type: Through-beam Long sensing distance : up to 30 metres with some devices Will detect all but very transparent materials Must be accurately aligned Transmitter Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 87 / 91
- 87. Optical sensors Type:Retro-reflective Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets Target should be larger than the reflector T R Transmitter / Receiver Reflector (prismatic) type. 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 88 / 91
- 88. Optical sensors Type: Diffuse Sensing distance : much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface Larger targets result in longer sensing distances Not suitable for dirty environments T R Transmitter / Receiver 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 89 / 91
- 89. Reed switch Interferencefrom other magnetic fields must be avoided. If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach. Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts. 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 90 / 91
- 90. Inductive magnetic sensor Inductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz 17.10.03 © Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors No. 91 / 91
Editor's Notes
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