Anatomical landmarks/ dental implant courses by Indian dental academy

ANATOMICAL LANDMARKSANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
AND THEIR CLINICALAND THEIR CLINICAL
SIGNIFICANCE.SIGNIFICANCE.
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Labial frenum:Labial frenum:
• Fold of mucous membrane atFold of mucous membrane at
the median line.the median line.
• Moves with muscles of lip.Moves with muscles of lip.
• Adequate relief for muscleAdequate relief for muscle
activity.activity.
• Proper denture seal.Proper denture seal.
• Excessive relief weakensExcessive relief weakens
denture base.denture base.
Maxillary arch
•A- correct
contour
•B –incorrect
contour.
•C- area
should have
been covered.
Labial notch

Buccal frenum:Buccal frenum:
 Single or double folds ofSingle or double folds of
mucous membrane.mucous membrane.
 Broad and fan shaped.Broad and fan shaped.
 Moves with muscles of cheekMoves with muscles of cheek
during speech andduring speech and
mastication.mastication.
 Adequate relief for muscleAdequate relief for muscle
activity-more clearence.activity-more clearence.
•Maxillary buccal frenum area.
•Denture border contour in buccal
frenum area.
Buccal notch

Labial vestibuleLabial vestibule
• Labial-buccalLabial-buccal
frenum.frenum.
• Muco-gingival line-Muco-gingival line-
limits upper border.limits upper border.
• Record adequateRecord adequate
depth/width.depth/width.
• OverextensionOverextension
causescauses
instability/soreness.instability/soreness.
• Proper contouringProper contouring
gives optimalgives optimal
•Labial flange

Buccal vestibuleBuccal vestibule
• Buccal frenum toBuccal frenum to
hamular notch.hamular notch.
depth/width.depth/width.
• Improper extensionImproper extension
causescauses
Buccal flange

Maxillary tuberosity.Maxillary tuberosity.
• Distal end of dentureDistal end of denture
must have Coverage-must have Coverage-
stability/retention.stability/retention.
• GrossGross
enlargement(fibrousenlargement(fibrous
or bony –surgicalor bony –surgical
correction.correction.Area of tuberosity

•Distal to maxillary
tuberosity
•Aids in locating
posterior palatal seal.
•Overextension causes
soreness.
Hamular notch.
Area of hamular notch

Vibrating line:Vibrating line:
• Junction of movable andJunction of movable and
immovable part of softimmovable part of soft
palate.palate.
• 2mm ant to fovea2mm ant to fovea
palatinae.palatinae.
• Aids to establish PPS.Aids to establish PPS.
• Distal end of denture atDistal end of denture at
least to vibrating line.least to vibrating line.
Post palatal sealPost palatal seal
area.area.
• From hamular notch toFrom hamular notch to
hamular notch.hamular notch.
• Anterior to vibrating line.Anterior to vibrating line.
• Aids in retention.Aids in retention.

Fovea Palatinae.Fovea Palatinae.
• Bilateral indentationsBilateral indentations
near the midline of palate.near the midline of palate.
• Formed by coalescence ofFormed by coalescence of
several mucous glandseveral mucous gland
ducts.ducts.
• Posterior to junction ofPosterior to junction of
hard and soft palate.hard and soft palate.
• Aids in determiningAids in determining
vibrating line.vibrating line.

Hard palateHard palate
• Support for theSupport for the
maxillary denture.maxillary denture.
• Primary stressPrimary stress
bearing area-bearing area-
horizontal portion ofhorizontal portion of
hard palate lateral tohard palate lateral to
midline.midline.
• Secondary stressSecondary stress
bearing area –bearing area –
rugae.rugae.

Alveloar ridgeAlveloar ridge
• Residual bone withResidual bone with
• Primary stressPrimary stress
bearing area.bearing area.
Alveolar groove

• Elevation of soft tissueElevation of soft tissue
over the incisiveover the incisive
foramen or nasopalatineforamen or nasopalatine
canal.canal.
• Location : on or labial toLocation : on or labial to
ridge.ridge.
• Impingement –burningImpingement –burning
sensation, parasthesiasensation, parasthesia
and pain.and pain.
• Relief necessary.Relief necessary.
Incisive papilla.
•Incisive fossa

Rugae.Rugae.
• Irregular shaped rollsIrregular shaped rolls
of soft tissue.of soft tissue.
• Secondary stressSecondary stress
bearing area.bearing area.
• Should not beShould not be
distorted in thedistorted in the
impression.impression.

• Extends from incisiveExtends from incisive
papilla to distal end ofpapilla to distal end of
hard palate.hard palate.
• Thin mucosal coveringThin mucosal covering
and non-resilient..and non-resilient..
• Relieve adequately toRelieve adequately to
avoid trauma fromavoid trauma from
denture base.denture base.
Median palatine raphae.
Median palatine groove

Labial frenum.Labial frenum.
• Shorter and widerShorter and wider
than the maxillarythan the maxillary
frenum.frenum.
• Adequate relief forAdequate relief for
muscle activitymuscle activity
(mentalis).(mentalis).
• Proper fit around itProper fit around it
maintains sealmaintains seal
without soreness.without soreness.
Mandibular arch.
Labial notch.

Buccal frenum.Buccal frenum.
• Adequate relief forAdequate relief for
muscle activity.muscle activity.
• Proper denture seal.Proper denture seal.
Buccal notch.

Labial vestibule.Labial vestibule.
• Labial-buccal frenum.Labial-buccal frenum.
• Overextension causesOverextension causes
• Muscles attachmentMuscles attachment
close to the crest of theclose to the crest of the
ridge- limits the dentureridge- limits the denture
flange extension.flange extension.
• Mucolabial fold limitsMucolabial fold limits
the depth of the flange.the depth of the flange.
• Record adequate depthRecord adequate depth
and width.and width.
• Proper contouring givesProper contouring gives
optimal esthetics.optimal esthetics.Labial flange

Buccal vestibule.Buccal vestibule.
• Buccal frenum-Buccal frenum-
retromolar pad.retromolar pad.
depth and width.depth and width.
• Impression is widestImpression is widest
in this area.in this area.
Buccal flange

Buccal shelfBuccal shelf
• Extends from buccal frenumExtends from buccal frenum
to retromolar pad.to retromolar pad.
• Between external obliqueBetween external oblique
ridge and crest of alveolarridge and crest of alveolar
ridge.ridge.
• Primary stress bearingPrimary stress bearing
area(cortical bone)- lies atarea(cortical bone)- lies at
right angles to verticalright angles to vertical
occlusal forces.occlusal forces.

External oblique ridge.External oblique ridge.
• A bony ridge runsA bony ridge runs
antero-posteriorlyantero-posteriorly
outside the buccaloutside the buccal
shelf.shelf.
• Denture border 1-2Denture border 1-2
mm beyond this ridge.mm beyond this ridge.
• Shows as Groove inShows as Groove in

Alveolar ridgeAlveolar ridge
• Residual bone withResidual bone with
• Crest to be relieved.Crest to be relieved.
• Buccal and lingualBuccal and lingual
slopes are secondaryslopes are secondary
stress bearing areas.stress bearing areas.

Retromolar padRetromolar pad..
• Triangular soft pad ofTriangular soft pad of
tissue.tissue.
• Posterior end of lowerPosterior end of lower
edentulous ridge.edentulous ridge.
• Limiting landmark ofLimiting landmark of
distal extension ofdistal extension of
complete denture uptocomplete denture upto
ant 2/3 rd of retro molarant 2/3 rd of retro molar
pad.pad.
• Determines height andDetermines height and
width of the occlusalwidth of the occlusal
table.table.Retromolar fossa

Alveolo-Lingual sulcus.Alveolo-Lingual sulcus.
• Between lingual frenum toBetween lingual frenum to
retromylohyoid curtain.retromylohyoid curtain.
• Anterior region- lingualAnterior region- lingual
frenum to mylohyoid ridge.frenum to mylohyoid ridge.
• Premylohyoid fossa-Premylohyoid fossa-
premylohyoid eminence inpremylohyoid eminence in
• Border of Impression toBorder of Impression to
make contact with themake contact with the
mucosa of the floor of themucosa of the floor of the
mouth when tonguemouth when tongue
touches the upper incisor.touches the upper incisor.
• Overextension causesOverextension causes
soreness and instability.soreness and instability.
Lingual flange
Premylohyoid
eminence

Middle region.Middle region.
• From pre-mylohyoidFrom pre-mylohyoid
fossa to the distal endfossa to the distal end
of the mylohyoid ridge.of the mylohyoid ridge.
• Lingual flange extendsLingual flange extends
below the level of thebelow the level of the
mylohyoid ridge- tonguemylohyoid ridge- tongue
rests on the top ofrests on the top of
flange and aids inflange and aids in
stabilizing the lowerstabilizing the lower
denture.denture.

Posterior region.Posterior region.
• The flangeThe flange
passes into thepasses into the
retromylohyoidretromylohyoid
fossa.fossa.
• Proper recordingProper recording
gives typical S –gives typical S –
form of theform of the
lingual flange.lingual flange.

Retromylohyoid space.Retromylohyoid space.
• Distal end of lingualDistal end of lingual
sulcus.sulcus.
• Area posterior to theArea posterior to the
mylohyoid muscle.mylohyoid muscle.
• Good seal aids inGood seal aids in
retention and stability.retention and stability.
Retromylohyoid eminence

Mylohyoid ridge.Mylohyoid ridge.
• Attachment for theAttachment for the
mylohyoid muscle.mylohyoid muscle.
• Sharp or irregularSharp or irregular
covered by thecovered by the
• Trauma from dentureTrauma from denture
base –reliefbase –relief
necessary.necessary.

Mylohyoid muscleMylohyoid muscle..
• Floor of the mouth isFloor of the mouth is
formed by mylohyoidformed by mylohyoid
muscle.muscle.
• Lies deep to theLies deep to the
sublingual gland in thesublingual gland in the
anterior region- does notanterior region- does not
affect the border ofaffect the border of
denture.denture.
• Posterior region –affectsPosterior region –affects
the lingual border inthe lingual border in
swallowing and tongueswallowing and tongue
movements.movements.www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Genial tubercle.Genial tubercle.
• Area of muscleArea of muscle
attachmentattachment
(Genioglossus and(Genioglossus and
Geniohyoid).Geniohyoid).
• Lies away from the crestLies away from the crest
of the ridge.of the ridge.
• Prominent in ResorbedProminent in Resorbed
ridges.ridges.
• Adequate relief to beAdequate relief to be
provided.provided.

Lingual frenum.Lingual frenum.
• Fold of mucousFold of mucous
membrane.membrane.
• Base of tongue toBase of tongue to
supragenial tubercle.supragenial tubercle.
• Registered inRegistered in
function.function.
Lingual notch

Anatomical landmarks/ dental implant courses by Indian dental academy

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