The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
As we know that the muscles play an important role in stability and support of a prosthesis,hence we should be well learned about their peripheries and actions.
Concept and tecnique of impression making in complete denturesVinay Kadavakolanu
This document discusses concepts and techniques for complete denture impressions. It begins with definitions of impressions and complete denture impressions. It then reviews the history of impressions from the 18th century to present. Key anatomical landmarks are described for the maxilla and mandible, including supporting, relieving, and limiting structures. Basic requirements for impressions include anatomical knowledge, technique skills, material knowledge, and patient management. Steps and various impression techniques are also outlined.
The document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the progressive loss of jaw bone after tooth extraction. It defines RRR and provides classifications. RRR is considered a pathological process due to its variability between individuals. The document covers the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors of RRR, including anatomical, mechanical, metabolic and prosthetic factors. Treatment aims to prevent or reduce RRR through denture design and patient education.
The document discusses mandibular movements and their study. It describes various methods used to study jaw motion, including direct observation and electronic instrumentation. Key factors that regulate motion are the neuromuscular system, opposing tooth contacts, temporomandibular joint anatomy, and muscle action. The temporomandibular joint is a complex joint that allows for rotation and translation. Mandibular positions include centric occlusion, centric relation, and border positions. Mandibular movements include opening, closing, protrusion, retrusion and chewing motions.
Muscles of mastication prosthodontic considerationNeerajaMenon4
The document discusses the muscles involved in mastication and their influence on denture borders. It describes the masseter muscle pushing the buccinator medially, requiring a masseteric groove contour in dentures. The medial pterygoid contracts during closing and influences the retromylohyoid border. Temporalis and lateral pterygoid position the condyles in centric relation, with lateral pterygoid controlling condylar movement during function. Occlusal splints promote muscle relaxation and neuromuscular harmony.
Saliva and its prosthodontic considerationsCPGIDSH
importance of saliva is often neglected by clinicians and practitioners but is one of the most important body fluids not only in dentistry perceptive but also in regard to medical diagnosis. in dentistry it plays a special role specially in complete denture patients
This document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the ongoing loss of jawbone that occurs after tooth extraction. It begins with definitions and an overview of the extraction healing process. It then covers the basic bone structure, cells involved in bone remodeling, and the mechanisms of bone resorption. The pathology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of RRR are explained. Changes to the maxilla and mandible due to RRR are described. The document lists anatomical, metabolic, functional, and prosthetic factors that contribute to RRR and discusses its epidemiology and etiology.
The document discusses the process of making custom trays and master casts for complete dentures, including taking final impressions, border molding, and boxing and pouring the impressions to create the definitive master casts. Key steps include fabricating a custom tray, border molding with low-fusing compound or impression material, taking final impressions with materials like zinc oxide eugenol or elastomers, and boxing and pouring the impressions in dental stone to create the finished master casts.
As we know that the muscles play an important role in stability and support of a prosthesis,hence we should be well learned about their peripheries and actions.
Concept and tecnique of impression making in complete denturesVinay Kadavakolanu
This document discusses concepts and techniques for complete denture impressions. It begins with definitions of impressions and complete denture impressions. It then reviews the history of impressions from the 18th century to present. Key anatomical landmarks are described for the maxilla and mandible, including supporting, relieving, and limiting structures. Basic requirements for impressions include anatomical knowledge, technique skills, material knowledge, and patient management. Steps and various impression techniques are also outlined.
The document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the progressive loss of jaw bone after tooth extraction. It defines RRR and provides classifications. RRR is considered a pathological process due to its variability between individuals. The document covers the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors of RRR, including anatomical, mechanical, metabolic and prosthetic factors. Treatment aims to prevent or reduce RRR through denture design and patient education.
The document discusses mandibular movements and their study. It describes various methods used to study jaw motion, including direct observation and electronic instrumentation. Key factors that regulate motion are the neuromuscular system, opposing tooth contacts, temporomandibular joint anatomy, and muscle action. The temporomandibular joint is a complex joint that allows for rotation and translation. Mandibular positions include centric occlusion, centric relation, and border positions. Mandibular movements include opening, closing, protrusion, retrusion and chewing motions.
Muscles of mastication prosthodontic considerationNeerajaMenon4
The document discusses the muscles involved in mastication and their influence on denture borders. It describes the masseter muscle pushing the buccinator medially, requiring a masseteric groove contour in dentures. The medial pterygoid contracts during closing and influences the retromylohyoid border. Temporalis and lateral pterygoid position the condyles in centric relation, with lateral pterygoid controlling condylar movement during function. Occlusal splints promote muscle relaxation and neuromuscular harmony.
Saliva and its prosthodontic considerationsCPGIDSH
importance of saliva is often neglected by clinicians and practitioners but is one of the most important body fluids not only in dentistry perceptive but also in regard to medical diagnosis. in dentistry it plays a special role specially in complete denture patients
This document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the ongoing loss of jawbone that occurs after tooth extraction. It begins with definitions and an overview of the extraction healing process. It then covers the basic bone structure, cells involved in bone remodeling, and the mechanisms of bone resorption. The pathology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of RRR are explained. Changes to the maxilla and mandible due to RRR are described. The document lists anatomical, metabolic, functional, and prosthetic factors that contribute to RRR and discusses its epidemiology and etiology.
The document discusses the process of making custom trays and master casts for complete dentures, including taking final impressions, border molding, and boxing and pouring the impressions to create the definitive master casts. Key steps include fabricating a custom tray, border molding with low-fusing compound or impression material, taking final impressions with materials like zinc oxide eugenol or elastomers, and boxing and pouring the impressions in dental stone to create the finished master casts.
The anatomy of the edentulous ridge in the maxilla and mandible is very important for the design of a complete denture. Objective in fabrication of a complete denture is to provide a prosthesis that restores lost teeth and associated structures functionally, anatomically and aesthetically as much as possible with preservation of underlying structures and the knowledge landmarks help us in achieving our objective.
This document discusses important anatomical landmarks for complete dentures in the maxilla and mandible. It describes 14 maxillary landmarks including the labial and buccal frenums, vestibules, alveolar ridge, tuberosity, hamular notch, hard palate features, and rugae. It also describes 9 mandibular landmarks like the labial and lingual frenums and vestibules, buccal shelf area, retromolar pad, and pear shaped pad. Understanding these landmarks is essential for proper denture fit and function as well as preservation of underlying tissues.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Role of facial muscles in complete denture prosthesisRavi banavathu
This article discusses the role of facial muscles in complete denture prosthesis construction. It describes the muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid) and facial expression (orbicularis oris, buccinator). These muscles influence the peripheral extensions, shape, thickness of denture bases and position of teeth. Specifically, the orbicularis oris muscle affects the labial flange thickness, while the buccinator muscle influences the buccal flange and vestibule width. Understanding the actions of these muscles is important for successful denture fabrication and patient comfort.
Muscles of mastication are the group of muscles that help in movement of the mandible as during chewing and speech. We need to study these muscles as they control the opening & closing the mouth & their role in the equilibrium created within the mouth. They also play a role in the configuration of face.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal, including its definition, function, anatomical considerations, techniques for recording it, and potential errors. The key points are:
1. The posterior palatal seal provides retention, stability, and prevention of air leakage for maxillary dentures.
2. It is located along the junction of the hard and soft palate and extends from the pterygoid hamulus on either side.
3. Special techniques like using indelible pencil and having the patient say "AH" are used to identify and record the seal area during impression making.
The document discusses the muscles of mastication. It describes the four primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply, blood supply, actions and functions of each muscle. The document also briefly discusses secondary muscles like the suprahyoid muscles. Clinical considerations related to the muscles of mastication like tetanus, bruxism, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome are mentioned at the end.
Anatomical landmarks of maxilla and mandible [autosaved]Pooja Langote
The document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important reference points for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used for reference points. The key landmarks are categorized as limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas. Limiting structures determine the denture border and extension. Supporting structures tolerate masticatory forces. Relief areas are fragile or prone to resorption under load. For both maxilla and mandible, the document outlines the specific anatomical structures that serve as landmarks in each category and their clinical significance for supporting and extending complete dentures.
The document discusses various types of major connectors used in removable partial dentures. It defines a major connector as the part that joins components on one side of the dental arch to the other. The main types described are the lingual bar, linguoplate, double lingual bar, labial bar, and swing lock design. Each has specific indications, advantages, and disadvantages. For example, the lingual bar is most commonly used but care must be taken with design to avoid weakness, while the linguoplate is indicated when space is limited between the gingiva and floor of the mouth. Factors such as tooth positions, soft tissue contours, and oral hygiene influence the choice of major connector.
The document discusses various impression techniques and theories in prosthodontics. It defines impression and lists the basic requirements for making impressions. Several impression techniques are described, including mucocompressive, mucostatic, selective pressure, and muco-seal techniques. Impression materials and considerations for special patient groups and clinical situations are also covered.
The document describes the altered cast technique, which is a modification of the functional impression technique used in removable partial dentures. It involves making a functional impression to capture the displaced shape of the residual ridge under load. The edentulous area is then cut out from the original master cast. The framework and functional impression are seated on the modified master cast. Stone is poured into the impression to create an altered, or corrected, cast reflecting the displaced ridge shape under load. This ensures uniform support of the denture base in the functional form of the residual ridge.
The document discusses impression trays, which are used to carry and control impression material in the mouth. It describes different types of trays, including stock trays, custom trays, and special trays. Special trays are custom-made for each patient based on a preliminary cast and are used to make final impressions. The document outlines the procedure for fabricating a special tray using materials like shellac, acrylic resin, and wax spacers. Special trays provide accurate impressions and are more comfortable for patients compared to stock trays.
This document discusses the oral anatomy relevant to complete denture prosthodontics. It describes key anatomical landmarks in the maxilla and mandible, including frenums, vestibules, ridges, tuberosities, tori, and stress bearing areas. Understanding these landmarks is important for properly constructing dentures that are retained, stable, and supported. The maxillary primary stress bearing areas are the palatal slopes and hard palate while the mandibular primary area is the buccal shelf. Landmarks help determine relief areas, support zones, and the limits of denture extension.
The document discusses various concepts related to complete denture impressions including definitions, techniques, materials and anatomical considerations. It defines key terms like preliminary impression, final impression, relief and supporting areas. It describes different impression techniques like mucocompressive, mucostatic and selective pressure. Factors affecting retention, stability and support of dentures are also summarized. The steps involved in making impressions are outlined which include examination, tray selection, border molding and the final impression.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
The document summarizes the key design considerations for mandibular major connectors in removable partial dentures. It discusses the basic requirements, types including lingual bar, linguoplate, sublingual bar, cingulum bar, and labial bar. It also covers the design sequence, blockout and relief, waxing specifications, advantages and disadvantages of each type. Non-rigid connectors like split bar, hidden lock, and disjunct dentures are also summarized.
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
This document discusses various techniques for making impressions for complete dentures. It covers topics like border molding, anatomical considerations for different ridge types, and specialized techniques for resorbed or flabby ridges. For resorbed mandibular ridges, techniques discussed include the conventional, functional, elastomeric, admix, cocktail, and modified functional impression techniques. For flabby ridges, the mucodisplacive and mucostatic impression principles are covered, as well as the one part impression and controlled lateral pressure techniques. The document provides details on selecting the appropriate impression material and technique based on a patient's clinical situation.
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF EDENTULOUS MAXILLAAamir Godil
This document discusses the anatomical landmarks of the maxilla that are important for complete denture construction. It defines stress bearing areas, relief areas, and limiting areas. Stress bearing areas include the postero-lateral slopes of the hard palate, residual alveolar ridge, rugae, and maxillary tuberosity. Relief areas are the incisive papilla, mid-palatine raphae, zygomatic process, sharp spiny spicules, torus palatinus, and cuspid eminence. Limiting areas are the labial frenum, labial vestibule, buccal frenum, buccal vestibule, anterior and posterior vibrating lines,
significance of maxillary denture bearing area Narayan Sukla
- A triangular eminence located at the tip of the median palatine raphe in the midline of the hard palate.
- It is formed by the fusion of two palatine processes of the maxilla.
- It contains numerous neurovascular structures close to the surface and is covered by thin non-keratinized epithelium.
- Due to its fragile nature, it requires relief in the denture base to avoid trauma. Not providing relief can lead to ulceration and pain.
Denture border evaluation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used as reference points. The maxilla and mandible each have limiting structures that determine the denture border, supporting structures that tolerate biting forces as foundations for the denture, and stress relieving structures that should be relieved in the denture due to being fragile or prone to resorption. Specific maxillary landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums, hard palate, and tuberosity. Mandibular landmarks include the labial frenum, buccal shelves, and residual ridge. Understanding these landmarks is crucial for achieving proper retention, stability, and support of complete dentures.
The anatomy of the edentulous ridge in the maxilla and mandible is very important for the design of a complete denture. Objective in fabrication of a complete denture is to provide a prosthesis that restores lost teeth and associated structures functionally, anatomically and aesthetically as much as possible with preservation of underlying structures and the knowledge landmarks help us in achieving our objective.
This document discusses important anatomical landmarks for complete dentures in the maxilla and mandible. It describes 14 maxillary landmarks including the labial and buccal frenums, vestibules, alveolar ridge, tuberosity, hamular notch, hard palate features, and rugae. It also describes 9 mandibular landmarks like the labial and lingual frenums and vestibules, buccal shelf area, retromolar pad, and pear shaped pad. Understanding these landmarks is essential for proper denture fit and function as well as preservation of underlying tissues.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Role of facial muscles in complete denture prosthesisRavi banavathu
This article discusses the role of facial muscles in complete denture prosthesis construction. It describes the muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid) and facial expression (orbicularis oris, buccinator). These muscles influence the peripheral extensions, shape, thickness of denture bases and position of teeth. Specifically, the orbicularis oris muscle affects the labial flange thickness, while the buccinator muscle influences the buccal flange and vestibule width. Understanding the actions of these muscles is important for successful denture fabrication and patient comfort.
Muscles of mastication are the group of muscles that help in movement of the mandible as during chewing and speech. We need to study these muscles as they control the opening & closing the mouth & their role in the equilibrium created within the mouth. They also play a role in the configuration of face.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal, including its definition, function, anatomical considerations, techniques for recording it, and potential errors. The key points are:
1. The posterior palatal seal provides retention, stability, and prevention of air leakage for maxillary dentures.
2. It is located along the junction of the hard and soft palate and extends from the pterygoid hamulus on either side.
3. Special techniques like using indelible pencil and having the patient say "AH" are used to identify and record the seal area during impression making.
The document discusses the muscles of mastication. It describes the four primary muscles - masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid. It details the origin, insertion, nerve supply, blood supply, actions and functions of each muscle. The document also briefly discusses secondary muscles like the suprahyoid muscles. Clinical considerations related to the muscles of mastication like tetanus, bruxism, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome are mentioned at the end.
Anatomical landmarks of maxilla and mandible [autosaved]Pooja Langote
The document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important reference points for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used for reference points. The key landmarks are categorized as limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas. Limiting structures determine the denture border and extension. Supporting structures tolerate masticatory forces. Relief areas are fragile or prone to resorption under load. For both maxilla and mandible, the document outlines the specific anatomical structures that serve as landmarks in each category and their clinical significance for supporting and extending complete dentures.
The document discusses various types of major connectors used in removable partial dentures. It defines a major connector as the part that joins components on one side of the dental arch to the other. The main types described are the lingual bar, linguoplate, double lingual bar, labial bar, and swing lock design. Each has specific indications, advantages, and disadvantages. For example, the lingual bar is most commonly used but care must be taken with design to avoid weakness, while the linguoplate is indicated when space is limited between the gingiva and floor of the mouth. Factors such as tooth positions, soft tissue contours, and oral hygiene influence the choice of major connector.
The document discusses various impression techniques and theories in prosthodontics. It defines impression and lists the basic requirements for making impressions. Several impression techniques are described, including mucocompressive, mucostatic, selective pressure, and muco-seal techniques. Impression materials and considerations for special patient groups and clinical situations are also covered.
The document describes the altered cast technique, which is a modification of the functional impression technique used in removable partial dentures. It involves making a functional impression to capture the displaced shape of the residual ridge under load. The edentulous area is then cut out from the original master cast. The framework and functional impression are seated on the modified master cast. Stone is poured into the impression to create an altered, or corrected, cast reflecting the displaced ridge shape under load. This ensures uniform support of the denture base in the functional form of the residual ridge.
The document discusses impression trays, which are used to carry and control impression material in the mouth. It describes different types of trays, including stock trays, custom trays, and special trays. Special trays are custom-made for each patient based on a preliminary cast and are used to make final impressions. The document outlines the procedure for fabricating a special tray using materials like shellac, acrylic resin, and wax spacers. Special trays provide accurate impressions and are more comfortable for patients compared to stock trays.
This document discusses the oral anatomy relevant to complete denture prosthodontics. It describes key anatomical landmarks in the maxilla and mandible, including frenums, vestibules, ridges, tuberosities, tori, and stress bearing areas. Understanding these landmarks is important for properly constructing dentures that are retained, stable, and supported. The maxillary primary stress bearing areas are the palatal slopes and hard palate while the mandibular primary area is the buccal shelf. Landmarks help determine relief areas, support zones, and the limits of denture extension.
The document discusses various concepts related to complete denture impressions including definitions, techniques, materials and anatomical considerations. It defines key terms like preliminary impression, final impression, relief and supporting areas. It describes different impression techniques like mucocompressive, mucostatic and selective pressure. Factors affecting retention, stability and support of dentures are also summarized. The steps involved in making impressions are outlined which include examination, tray selection, border molding and the final impression.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
The document summarizes the key design considerations for mandibular major connectors in removable partial dentures. It discusses the basic requirements, types including lingual bar, linguoplate, sublingual bar, cingulum bar, and labial bar. It also covers the design sequence, blockout and relief, waxing specifications, advantages and disadvantages of each type. Non-rigid connectors like split bar, hidden lock, and disjunct dentures are also summarized.
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
This document discusses various techniques for making impressions for complete dentures. It covers topics like border molding, anatomical considerations for different ridge types, and specialized techniques for resorbed or flabby ridges. For resorbed mandibular ridges, techniques discussed include the conventional, functional, elastomeric, admix, cocktail, and modified functional impression techniques. For flabby ridges, the mucodisplacive and mucostatic impression principles are covered, as well as the one part impression and controlled lateral pressure techniques. The document provides details on selecting the appropriate impression material and technique based on a patient's clinical situation.
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF EDENTULOUS MAXILLAAamir Godil
This document discusses the anatomical landmarks of the maxilla that are important for complete denture construction. It defines stress bearing areas, relief areas, and limiting areas. Stress bearing areas include the postero-lateral slopes of the hard palate, residual alveolar ridge, rugae, and maxillary tuberosity. Relief areas are the incisive papilla, mid-palatine raphae, zygomatic process, sharp spiny spicules, torus palatinus, and cuspid eminence. Limiting areas are the labial frenum, labial vestibule, buccal frenum, buccal vestibule, anterior and posterior vibrating lines,
significance of maxillary denture bearing area Narayan Sukla
- A triangular eminence located at the tip of the median palatine raphe in the midline of the hard palate.
- It is formed by the fusion of two palatine processes of the maxilla.
- It contains numerous neurovascular structures close to the surface and is covered by thin non-keratinized epithelium.
- Due to its fragile nature, it requires relief in the denture base to avoid trauma. Not providing relief can lead to ulceration and pain.
Denture border evaluation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used as reference points. The maxilla and mandible each have limiting structures that determine the denture border, supporting structures that tolerate biting forces as foundations for the denture, and stress relieving structures that should be relieved in the denture due to being fragile or prone to resorption. Specific maxillary landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums, hard palate, and tuberosity. Mandibular landmarks include the labial frenum, buccal shelves, and residual ridge. Understanding these landmarks is crucial for achieving proper retention, stability, and support of complete dentures.
1. The anatomical landmarks of the maxilla and mandible are important reference points for denture fabrication. They include limiting structures like the labial and buccal frenums which determine denture border extent, and supporting structures like the hard palate and residual ridges which support the denture.
2. Careful consideration of these landmarks aids in properly distributing forces from the denture bases onto the supporting tissues and designing denture borders that are harmonious with normal function of surrounding structures.
3. Understanding the landmarks guides border molding techniques and ensures a well-fitting denture that is retained in place during mouth movements.
- The document discusses key anatomic landmarks of the maxilla and mandible that are important for denture design and function, including retention, stability, and support.
- Anatomical structures discussed include the alveolar ridge, palate, mylohyoid ridge, buccal shelf, and frenum attachments whose roles impact denture prognosis.
- A thorough understanding of edentulous anatomy is essential for properly constructing dentures as integral parts of a patient's oral cavity rather than just mechanical substitutes.
- The key anatomic landmarks of the maxilla and mandible impact denture retention, stability, and support. A thorough understanding of these structures is essential for proper denture construction.
- Important maxillary landmarks include the incisive papilla, canine eminences, tuberosities, palatal seal area, and hamular notches. Important mandibular landmarks are the buccal shelf, mylohyoid ridge, retromolar pad, and external oblique line.
- Proper molding of these areas in a denture improves fit and reduces soreness, while inadequate adaptation can lead to pain or displacement of the denture.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biological considerations of maxillary and mandibular impressions/cosmetic de...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE.pptxKavin73
anatomical landmarks of maxilla and mandibular arch which is useful to bds students especially the first year students in prosthodontic department ,
in this slide we explain completely about the anatomical structure of the maxilla and mandible
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal (PPS) in detail. It defines the PPS and describes its supporting structures, functions, anatomical considerations like the vibrating line and muscles of the soft palate. It also discusses parameters of the PPS like size and shape, and techniques to record the PPS, including conventional, fluid wax, and arbitrary scraping techniques. The document provides an in-depth overview of the PPS for removable dentures.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of important anatomical landmarks in the maxilla that are relevant for complete dentures. It discusses both supporting structures like the alveolar ridge and incisive papilla, as well as limiting structures like the labial and buccal frenums. Specific landmarks are described in terms of their macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Stress bearing and relieving areas are identified. The importance of these landmarks for capturing tissues and adapting dentures is emphasized.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal, which provides retention for maxillary dentures. It defines the posterior palatal seal area and describes the relevant anatomy, including the soft palate, hamular process, and vibrating line. The functions of the posterior palatal seal are to resist horizontal forces on the denture and maintain contact during function. The document reviews literature supporting use of the seal to improve denture retention and stability. Classification systems for the soft palate shape and palatal form are presented to determine the appropriate seal design.
This document provides an introduction to dentures, including terminology and the anatomical landmarks related to complete dentures. It discusses the components and objectives of complete dentures. It then describes the important intraoral and extraoral landmarks for denture construction, including supporting and limiting structures of the maxilla and mandible. The maxillary structures discussed are the incisive papilla, palatine rugae, median palatine raphe, torus palatinus, fovea palatina, residual alveolar ridge, tuberosity, buttress part of bone, labial frenum, labial vestibule, buccal frenum, buccal vestibule, hamular notch, vibrating
Anatomical landmarks/ dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document discusses various anatomical landmarks and their significance for dentures. It describes landmarks such as the labial and buccal frenums, vestibules, palate, alveolar ridge, mylohyoid ridge and muscle, and retromolar pad. Accurately recording these landmarks is important for providing adequate relief and a border contour that prevents soreness while maintaining stability and retention of the denture.
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS OF EDENTULOUS MOUTH IN COMPLETE DENTURE.pptxnehasrivastava643617
This document discusses the anatomical landmarks of the edentulous maxilla that are important for complete denture prosthodontics. It divides the maxilla into three parts: limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas. The limiting structures determine the extent of the denture and include the labial and buccal frenums and vestibules, hamular notch, and posterior palatal seal area. The supporting structures that bear loads are the horizontal portion of the hard palate and slopes of the residual alveolar ridge. Relief must be provided in relief areas like the incisive papilla, mid-palatal raphe, and fovea palatinae to avoid pain. Proper identification of these landmarks is
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal area for maxillary dentures. It defines the posterior palatal seal and describes the relevant anatomy, including the soft palate, muscles of the soft palate, and structures related to the posterior palatal seal such as the hamular process. It also discusses classifications of the soft palate and palatal forms, the functions of the posterior palatal seal, and guidelines for its placement based on a review of literature.
Osteology and mucose membrane of maxi & mandiblepranav verma
This document discusses the anatomy and histology of structures that support complete dentures. It describes the key stress bearing and peripheral/sealing areas that dentures rely on for support. The residual ridge and hard palate are identified as primary stress bearing regions due to their thick, keratinized mucosa firmly attached to underlying bone. In contrast, peripheral areas like the vestibule and lips have thin, movable mucosa with loose tissue unsuitable for supporting denture forces. A thorough understanding of oral tissues is essential for dentists to design complete dentures that respect the anatomical and physiological limitations of the edentulous mouth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Land marks / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy (20)
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The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
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The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
2. INTRODUCTION :
MAXILLARY & MANDIBULAR EDENTULOUS FOUNDATIONS:
Knowledge of oral anatomy helps the operator in understanding the
landmarks that serve as positive guides in Prosthodontic procedures
.
DEFNATION:Denture bearing areas or Denture foundation area or Basal
seat —the surface of the oral structures available to support a
denture.(GPT-8)
Denture bearing area- maxilla 24 cm2
& mandible 14 cm2
(Dr WATT
surgeon.)
The impression surface/Fitting surface-
1.stress-bearing/supporting areas.
2.peripheral/limiting areas.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Labial frenum:
• Fold of mucous membrane
at the median line.
• Moves with muscles of lip.
• Adequate relief for muscle
activity.
• Proper denture seal.
• Excessive relief weakens
denture base.
Maxillary arch
•A- correct
contour
•B –incorrect
contour.
•C- area
should have
been covered.
Labial notch
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8. Buccal frenum:
Single or double folds of
mucous membrane.
Broad and fan shaped.
Moves with muscles of
cheek during speech and
mastication.
Adequate relief for muscle
activity-more clearence.
•Maxillary buccal frenum area.
•Denture border contour in buccal
frenum area.
Buccal notch
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11. Maxillary tuberosity.
• Distal end of
denture must have
Coverage-
stability/retention.
• Gross
enlargement(fibrou
s or bony –surgical
correction.
Area of tuberosity
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. •Distal to maxillary
tuberosity
•Aids in locating
posterior palatal seal.
•Overextension causes
soreness.
Hamular notch.
Area of hamular notch
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13. PPS-the seal area at the posterior border of a maxillary
removabledentalprosthesis.(GPT-8)
PPS OR POST PALATAL SEAL 0R POST DAM-
The soft tissue along the junction of the hard and soft
palates on which pressure with in the physiologic limits of the
tissues can be applied by a denture to aid in the retention of
the denture. (Winkler)
• VIBERATING LINE-an imaginary line across the posterior part of
the palate marking the division between the movable and
immovable tissues of the soft palate. this can be identified when
the movable tissues are functioning.
• The anterior vibrating line is an imaginary line located at the
junction of the attached tissues overlying the hard palate and
movable tissues of the immediately adjacent soft palate.(valsalva
maneuver –method)
• The posterior vibrating line is an imaginary line at junction of the
aponeurosis of the tensor veli palatini muscle and the muscular
portion of the soft palate.
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14. Vibrating line:
• Junction of movable and
immovable part of soft
palate.
• 2mm ant to fovea palatinae.
• Aids to establish PPS.
• Distal end of denture at
least to vibrating line.
Post palatal seal area.
• From hamular notch to
hamular notch.
• Anterior to vibrating line.
• Aids in retention.
.
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15. SHAPES OF PPS.
• FUNCTION OF PPS.
• ANATOMY OF PPS.
• TECHNIQUES.
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16. Fovea Palatinae.
• Bilateral indentations
near the midline of
palate.
• Formed by coalescence
of several mucous gland
ducts.
• Posterior to junction of
hard and soft palate.
• Aids in determining
vibrating line.
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17. Hard palate
• Support for the
maxillary denture.
• Primary stress
bearing area-
horizontal portion
of hard palate
lateral to midline.
• Secondary stress
bearing area –
rugae.www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. • Elevation of soft
tissue over the incisive
foramen or
nasopalatine canal.
• Location : on or labial
to ridge.
• Impingement –burning
sensation, parasthesia
and pain.
• Relief necessary.
Incisive papilla.
•Incisive fossa
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Rugae.
• Irregular shaped
rolls of soft tissue.
• Secondary stress
bearing area.
• Should not be
distorted in the
impression.
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21. • Extends from incisive
papilla to distal end of
hard palate.
• Thin mucosal covering
and non-resilient..
• Relieve adequately to
avoid trauma from
denture base.
Median palatine raphae.
Median palatine groove
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22. Labial frenum.
• Shorter and wider
than the maxillary
frenum.
• Adequate relief for
muscle activity
(mentalis).
• Proper fit around it
maintains seal’.
Mandibular arch.
Labial notch.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Labial vestibule.
• Labial-buccal frenum.
• Overextension causes
instability/soreness.
• Muscles attachment
close to the crest of
the ridge- limits the
denture flange
extension.
• Mucolabial fold limits
the depth of the
flange.
• Record adequate
depth and width.
• Proper contouring
gives optimal
esthetics.
Labial flange
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25. Buccal vestibule.
• Buccal frenum-
retromolar pad.
• Record adequate
depth and width.
• Impression is
widest in this area.
Buccal flange
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27. Def..Anatomically buccal shelf is defined as the part of the basal
seat located posterior to the buccal frenum.(Boucher 10th
edition).
• The area between the mandibular buccal frenum and the anterior
edges of masseter muscle is known as buccal shelf(b12)
Boundaries:
• Anteriorly-buccal frenum.
• Posteriorly-retromolar pad.
• Medially-crest of the ridge
• Laterally-external oblique ridge.
Width-4-6 mm wide on average mandible.
• 2-3 mm or less in narrow mandible.
• The total widthof the bony foundation in this region becomes
greater as alveolar bone resorption continues.the reason is that
the inferior border of the mandible is great than the width at the
alveolar process.
Clinical implication: upper slopes of the buccal shelf adjacent to the
pad helps to resist the distal dis placement of the denture
because of the diminished available support,a narrow mandible is
usually considered the most difficult to manage.
• Clinically care should be taken to cover the area
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. • Interpreting the buccal shelf area:While
recording the final impression additonal load is
applied in this area,the trays comes in to direct
cotact with the mucosa.
• Preprosthetic surgery:no
• When the residual ridge becomes flat the
buccinator is often attached to the center of the
ridge.the buccinator muscle can be covered by
the denture in this area because the muscle
fibres run anterioposteriorly parallel to the bone
and the denture does not resist the contracting
forces of the muscles.the inferior part of the
buccinator is attached to the buccal shelf of the
mandible and the contraction of the muscle
doesnot lift the denture.(resorbtion
• Resisted by horizontal fibres of buccinator
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Histology: mucous membrane-is more loosely
attached and less keratinised than the mucous
membrane covering the crest of the ridge.
• Submucosa:thicker,fibres of buccinator are
found running horizontally in the submucosa
immediately overlying the bone.
• The mm overlying the buccal shelf may not be
suitable histologically to provide primary support
for the denture as the mm overlying the crest of
the ridge.
• Bone:bs is covered by layer of smooth compact
boneor cortical bone(with it’s haversian
system,the bone is very dense and the trbaculae
are arranged almost at right angles to the jaw
closure) plus the fact that the bucal shelf lies at
right angles to the vertical occlusal
forces,therfore it is more suitable primary stress
bearing area for the lower denture.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. • Blood supply—artery supply—buccal
artery,inferior alveolar artery,nerve supply—
buccal nerve ,inferior alveolar nerve,buccal
branch of mandibular nerve.
• Oralucousmembrane thick ness--mucous
membrane-is more loosely attached and less
keratinised than the mucous membrane covering
the crest of the ridge.
• Muscle found in this area—inferior part of the
buccinator,anterior edge of the masseter muscle.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. External oblique ridge.
• A bony ridge runs
antero-posteriorly
outside the buccal
shelf.
• Denture border 1-2
mm beyond this ridge.
• Shows as Groove in
impression.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. Alveolar ridge
• Residual bone with
mucous membrane.
• Crest to be
relieved.
• Buccal and lingual
slopes are
secondary stress
bearing areas.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. RRR-A Term used for the dimnishing quantity and
quality of the residual ridge after teeth are removed.
(GPT-8)
PATHOLOGY.-A Frequent lay expression for RRR is “my
gums have shrunk.” the basic structural change in the
residual ridge is the reduction in the size of the bone ridge
under the muco periostium.it is primarily a localized loss of
bony structure. maxillary denture area of 4.2in2
. Mandibular
denture area is 2.3in 2
(ratio 1.8;1). .
1.Main factor in RRR is the cicatrizing mucoperioteum that
is seeking a reduced area, resulting in pressure resoption of
the under lying bone.
2. the lateral cephalogram has clearly shown the gross
reduction of bone in size and shape that occurs on the
external surface on the labial ,crestal ,and lingual aspects
of the RRR.
• . www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. SIX ORDERS OF MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR RESIDUAL RIDGE
FORM:
ORDER 1 PRE EXTRACTION.
ORDER 2 POSTEXTRACTION.
ORDER 3 HIGH,WELL ROUNDED
ORDER 4 KNIFE EDGE (as the resorption continuous from labial
And lingual aspect ,the crest of the residual ridge becomes
increasingly narrow ,ultimately becoming knife edge .)
ORDER 5 LOW WELL ROUNDED
ORDER 6 DEPRESSED.
The most accurate method for determing ;
Amount of RRR +rate of RRR/over a period of time
Clinically ,the soft tissue overlying the RR that have undergone
RRR may range from normal to inflamed ,edematous ,ulcerated
,indented or abused tissues.
Microscopic pathology reveal an evedent of osteoclastic activity on
the external surface of RR.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. • FACTORES.1.Anotomic factors-it is postulated that RRR
varies with quality and quantity of the bone i.e RRR is
directly proportional to anatomical factors.
• 2. metabolic factor –it is further postulated that RRR
varies directly with certain systemic or localized bone
resorptive factors and invasively with certain bone
formation factor.
• 3.Mechanical factor-the remodeling of bone is influenced by
force factors. bone that is “used” as by regular physical
activity will tend to strengthen with in certain limits, while
bone that is in “disuse” will tend to be atrophy.
• In considering the force- the amount of force, duration of
the force, direction of force and frequency of force the
area over which force is distributed (force per unit area)
and the damping effect of the underlying tissue all these
should be considered for RRR.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Retromolar pad.
• Triangular soft pad of tissue.
• Posterior end of lower
edentulous ridge.
• Limiting landmark of distal
extension of complete denture
upto ant 2/3 rd of retro molar
pad.
• Determines height and width
of the occlusal table.
• Contents-loose connective
tissue, glandular tissue
,laterallybuccinator,posteriorly
temporalis tendon, medially
superior constrictor and
pterygo mandibular raphe
• gritman carver
Retromolar fossa
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Alveolo-Lingual sulcus.
• Between lingual frenum to
retromylohyoid curtain.
• Anterior region-
• Premylohyoid fossa-
premylohyoid eminence in
impression.
• Border of Impression to make
contact with the mucosa of
the floor of the mouth when
tongue touches the upper
incisor.
• Overextension causes
soreness and instability.
Lingual flange
Premylohyoid
eminence
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Middle region.
• From pre-mylohyoid fossa to
the distal end of the
mylohyoid ridge.
• Lingual flange extends below
the level of the mylohyoid
ridge- tongue rests on the
top of flange and aids in
stabilizing the lower denture.
• To record ask the patient to
touch the buccal mucosa on
either side of cheek with tip
of the tongue.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Posterior region.
• The flange
passes into the
retromylohyoid
fossa.
• Proper
recording gives
typical S –form
of the lingual
flange.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. Retromylohyoid fossa.
• Distal end of lingual
sulcus.
• Area posterior to
the mylohyoid
muscle.
• Good seal aids in
retention and
stability.
• To record –ask the
patient to protrude
the tongue
Retromylohyoid eminence
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. BOUNDARRIES OF LATERAL THROAT
FORM.
• Anteriorly –myelohyoid muscle
• Laterally –pear shaped pad
• Posteriolaterally-superior constrictors and
• Posteromedially –palatoglossus
• The posterior limit of the mandibular
denture is determined mainly by the
palatoglossal muscle and by superior
constrictor muscle-this area is called as
retro myelohyoid curtain.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Mylohyoid ridge.
• Attachment for the
mylohyoid muscle.
• Sharp or irregular
covered by the mucous
membrane.
• Trauma from denture
base –relief necessary.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Mylohyoid muscle.
• Floor of the mouth is
formed by mylohyoid
muscle.
• Lies deep to the
sublingual gland in
the anterior region-
does not affect the
border of denture.
• Posterior region –
affects the lingual
border in swallowing
and tongue
movements.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Genial tubercle.
• Area of muscle
attachment (Genioglossus
and Geniohyoid).
• Lies away from the crest
of the ridge.
• Prominent in Resorbed
ridges.
• Adequate relief to be
provided.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Lingual frenum.
• Fold of mucous
membrane.
• Base of tongue to
supragenial
tubercle.
• Registered in
function.
Lingual notch
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Text book of complete denture.
-Hartwell 5th
edition.
2.Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patient.
-Boucher9th
,10th
,12th
edition.
3.Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics
-Winkler 2nd
edition.
4. Impressions for complete denture.
- bernard levin.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. CONCLUSION.
• The denture should cover the maximum
surface area as possible within the limits
of health and function of tissues. We the
prosthodontist should have a thorough
knowledge of basal seat and limiting
structure for a successful functioning of
prosthesis and preservation of tissues.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anatomical landmarks and their clinical significance in complete Denture Impressions.
Dr N.S.Azhagarasan.
Dept of prosthodontics
Ragas dental college and hospital.
Labial frenum:
Fold of mucous membrane at the median line.
Moves with muscles of lip.
Adequate relief for muscle activity.
Proper denture seal.
Excessive relief weakens denture base.
Single or double folds of mucous membrane.
Broad and fan shaped.
Moves with muscles of cheek during speech and mastication.
Adequate relief for muscle activity-more clearence.
Buccal frenum to hamular notch.
Record adequate depth/width.
Improper extension causes instability/soreness.
Distal end of denture must have Coverage-stability/retention.
Gross enlargement(fibrous or bony –surgical correction.
Distal to maxillary tuberosity
Aids in locating posterior palatal seal.
Overextension causes soreness.
Vibrating line:
Junction of movable and immovable part of soft palate.
2mm ant to fovea palatinae.
Aids to establish PPS.
Distal end of denture at least to vibrating line.
Post palatal seal area.
From hamular notch to hamular notch.
Anterior to vibrating line.
Aids in retention.
Bilateral indentations near the midline of palate.
Formed by coalescence of several mucous gland ducts.
Posterior to junction of hard and soft palate.
Aids in determining vibrating line.
Support for the maxillary denture.
Primary stress bearing area- horizontal portion of hard palate lateral to midline.
Secondary stress bearing area –rugae.
Residual bone with mucous membrane.
Primary stress bearing area.
Elevation of soft tissue over the incisive foramen or nasopalatine canal.
Location : on or labial to ridge.
Impingement –burning sensation, parasthesia and pain.
Relief necessary.
Irregular shaped rolls of soft tissue.
Secondary stress bearing area.
Should not be distorted in the impression.
Extends from incisive papilla to distal end of hard palate.
Thin mucosal covering and non-resilient..
Relieve adequately to avoid trauma from denture base.
Labial frenum.
Shorter and wider than the maxillary frenum.
Adequate relief for muscle activity (mentalis).
Proper fit around it maintains seal without soreness.
Adequate relief for muscle activity.
Proper denture seal.
Labial vestibule.
Labial-buccal frenum.
Overextension causes instability/soreness.
Muscles attachment close to the crest of the ridge- limits the denture flange extension.
Mucolabial fold limits the depth of the flange.
Record adequate depth and width.
Proper contouring gives optimal esthetics.
Buccal frenum-retromolar pad.
Impression is widest in this area.
Record adequate depth and width.
Extends from buccal frenum to retromolar pad.
Between external oblique ridge and crest of alveolar ridge.
Primary stress bearing area- lies at right angles to vertical occlusal forces.
A bony ridge runs antero-posteriorly outside the buccal shelf.
Denture border 1-2 mm beyond this ridge.
Shows as Groove in impression.
Residual bone with mucous membrane.
Crest to be relieved.
Buccal and lingual slopes are secondary stress bearing areas.
Triangular soft pad of tissue.
Posterior end of lower edentulous ridge.
Limiting landmark of distal extension of complete denture upto ant 2/3 rd of retro molar pad.
Determines height and width of the occlusal table.
Between lingual frenum to retromylohyoid curtain.
Anterior region- lingual frenum to mylohyoid ridge.
Premylohyoid fossa- premylohyoid eminence in impression.
Border of Impression to make contact with the mucosa of the floor of the mouth when tongue touches the upper incisor.
Overextension causes soreness and instability.
Middle region.
From pre-mylohyoid fossa to the distal end of the mylohyoid ridge.
Lingual flange extends below the level of the mylohyoid ridge- tongue rests on the top of flange and aids in stabilizing the lower denture.
Posterior region.
The flange passes into the retromylohyoid fossa.
Proper recording gives typical S –form of the lingual flange.
Distal end of lingual sulcus.
Area posterior to the mylohyoid muscle.
Good seal aids in retention and stability.
Attachment for the mylohyoid muscle.
Sharp or irregular covered by the mucous membrane.
Trauma from denture base –relief necessary.
Floor of the mouth is formed by mylohyoid muscle.
Lies deep to the sublingual gland in the anterior region- does not affect the border of denture.
Posterior region –affects the lingual border in swallowing and tongue movements.
Area of muscle attachment (Genioglossus and Geniohyoid).
Lies away from the crest of the ridge.
Prominent in Resorbed ridges.
Adequate relief to be provided.
Fold of mucous membrane.
Base of tongue to supragenial tubercle.
Registered in function.