RAM is used for temporary storage of running programs. There are two main types of RAM: SDRAM and DDR RAM. SDRAM is commonly used in older PIII motherboards at speeds ranging from 66MHz to 133MHz, while DDR RAM is faster and used in newer P4 motherboards at speeds from 266MHz to 800MHz. Common RAM errors include failure to display with beeps, blank screen, misreported RAM size, and memory errors. These errors can be caused by incorrect configuration, installation issues, or faulty RAM. The solutions include confirming the configuration, checking the RAM installation, and potentially replacing damaged RAM.

1. (Random Access Memory)
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2. Physical Structure of RAM
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3. Introduction
• RAM is used to temporarily store running or open
programs.
• Random-access memory (RAM is a form
of computer data storage. A random-access memory
device allows data items to be read and written in
roughly the same amount of time regardless of the
order in which data items are accessed.
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4. Types of RAM
• SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM)
• DDRRAM (Dual Data Rate RAM)
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5. SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM)
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6. Features
• It is used very commonly.
• It’s speed ranges from
– PC66-66MHz
– PC100-100Mhz
– PC133-133MHz
• SD-RAM runs at the speed of systems bus and has access
time in 8 to 10 nano second range.
• Most common types of SD-RAM used of 168 Pin.
• Speed of SO-RAM=Speed of Mother Board.
• Mostly used in PIII Motherboard.
– PIII-Mother Board speed is 133 Mhz.
– PIV-Mother Board speed is above 400MHz.
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7. DDR RAM
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8. Features
• It is more faster than SDRAM.
• DDR RAM is used commonly in Pentium 4
computers and speed will be double.
• It’s speed ranges from
– PC2100-266Mhz
– PC3500-433MHz
• The latest mother board support DDR RAM.
• It comes in 266MHz and also called as PC2000
to 800 MHz also called as PC3500.
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9. Common RAM Errors
• There are no display accompanied by beep
sounds.
• System will start but no display.
• System starts but a error message
misreporting RAM Size.
• System starts, reports memory or address
errors.
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10. Common RAM Errors and cause with solution
Error Cause Solution
Computer won’t start
accompanied be beep sound
Wrong configuration,
Installation, Faulty or damaged
RAM
Confirm RAM configuration is
correct. Check RAM is inserted
properly. Replace RAM.
Computer start but screen is
blank.
Wrong configuration,
Installation.
Confirm RAM configuration is
correct.
Computer start but
misreporting RAM size.
Wrong configuration Confirm RAM configuration is
correct.
Computer reports a memory
error. Eg. Memory failure at
XXX(X=any number)
Wrong configuration or
damage RAM
Confirm RAM configuration is
correct.
Computer locks up or
spontaneously reboots.
(Computer Hand)
Damaged RAM Confirm RAM configuration is
correct. Check RAM is inserted
properly. Replace RAM
Computer reports registry
error.
Damaged RAM Confirm RAM configuration is
correct. Check RAM is inserted
properly. Replace RAM
Computer report general
protection faults or page fault
or exception error
Damaged RAM Confirm RAM configuration is
correct. Check RAM is inserted
properly. Replace RAM
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11. Sudarshan Pulami
Computer Trainer
ToT 11