The document provides information on transforming sentences from affirmative to negative and interrogative. It discusses the three types of sentences - affirmative, negative, and interrogative. For negative sentences, it outlines adding "not" between the helping verb and main verb for sentences with helping verbs, and using "do/does/did + not" before the main verb for sentences without helping verbs. For interrogative sentences, it describes starting sentences with a helping verb or wh-word and placing wh-words before sentences with helping verbs. Formulas and examples are given for changing sentence structures.

1. How
to Transform
Sentences.
Change to Negative or Interrogative Sentence
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2. There are 3 types of Sentences:
1. Affirmative Sentences:
(These sentences will not have no/not & will end on (.) full stop.)
Examples:
1. Priya works in Gujarat Gas.
2. You are very intelligent.
3. I am having lunch.
4. He was working on this project yesterday.
5. He has been working since 9 am.
6. You play cricket very well.
7. We had reached Delhi safely.

3. There are 3 types of Sentences:
2. Negative Sentence:
(These sentences will have no/not & will end on (.) full stop.)
Examples:
1. Priya is not working these days.
2. You were not present in the class yesterday.
3. There are no students in the class now.
4. Kamal doesn’t have a car.
5. I could not complete your work yesterday.
6. She didn’t bring my book that day.
7. There was no water in the lake.
8. We have no light in our house today.

4. There are 3 types of Sentences:
3. Interrogative Sentence:
(These sentences ask a question & they may or may not have no/not
& will end on (?) Question Mark
Examples:
1. Why is Priya not working these days?
2. Why were you not present in the class yesterday?
3. Is Ram present in the office now?
4. Have you brought my book?
5. Does she like badminton?
6. Why is there no water in the jug?
7. When did he reach Surat?
8. Did Rita not come to your house yesterday?

5. Types of Verbs
Helping Verbs
Main Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Modal Auxiliary
 Eat
 Is
 Can
 Drink
 Are
 Could
 Sleep
 Am
 May
 Read
 Was
 Might
 Think
 Were
 Shall
 Drive
 Do
 Should
 Write
 Does
 Will
 Produce
 Did
 Would
 Has
 Have
 Had

6. Universal Formula
of a Sentence in English
Subject
+ Verb
+ Object

7. Universal Formula of a Sentence in English
Subject + Verb + Object
A sentence can be without helping verb
In this case the exact formula is:
Subject + Main Verb + Object
Examples:




I read newspaper.
He plays cricket.
You work very hard.
She comes everyday.

8. Universal Formula of a Sentence in English
Subject + Verb + Object
A sentence can also have a helping verb
& a main verb
Hence formula of a sentence with helping verb:
Subject + helping Verb + Main Verb + Object
Examples:




I am reading newspaper.
He did not arrive.
You are working very hard.
She will come tomorrow.

9. IMPORTANT
Main Verb is compulsory in all Sentences;
Examples:

You appear tired.
 She works very hard.
 I like reading.
 They study in Surat.
But helping verb is not compulsory.

10. Universal Formula
for Making Negative Sentences
Subject + Helping Verb
+ not
+ Main Verb + Object
(add ‘not’ in between helping verb & main verb)

11. Sentences with Helping Verb
Negative Sentences
Subject + Helping Verb + not + Main Verb + Object
Examples:
 Priya is working these days.
 Priya is not working these days.
 You were present in the class yesterday.
 You were not present in the class yesterday.
 I was absent yesterday.
 I was not absent yesterday.
 They are coming to attend this meeting.
 They are not coming to attend this meeting.

12. Universal Formula
for Making Negative Sentences
(without helping verb)
Subject +
do/does/did + not
+ Main Verb + Object
(add ‘do/does/did + not’ before main verb)

13. Sentences without Helping Verb
Negative Sentences
Subject + Helping Verb (do/does/did) + not +
Main Verb + Object
Examples:
 Priya works in a bank these days.
 Priya does not work in a bank these days.
 You play football very well.
 You do not play football very well.
 I like Indian Music.
 I do not like Indian Music
 They went to attend the meeting on Sunday.
 They did not go to attend the meeting on Sunday.

14. Universal Formula
for Making interrogative Sentences
1. Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object
2. (WH Word) + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object
NOTE:
1. Start the sentence with helping verb.
2. If required; place WH word in front of 1 above.

15. Interrogative Sentences-with Helping Verb
Interrogative Sentences
Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object
(WH Word)Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object
Examples:
 You were not absent from the class.
 Were you not absent from the class?
 When were you not absent from the class?
 Ram is present in the office now.
 Is Ram present in the office now?
 Why is Ram present in the office now?
 They are taking lunch now.
 Are they taking lunch now?
 Why are they taking lunch now?

16. Universal Formula
for Making interrogative Sentences
(Sentences without helping verb)
1. Do/Does/Did + Subject + Main Verb + Object
2. (WH Word) + Do/Does/Did + Subject + Main Verb + Object
NOTE:
1. Start the sentence with Do/Does/Did.
2. If required; place WH word in front of 1 above.

17. Interrogative Sentences- Without Helping Verb
Interrogative Sentences
Do/Does/Did (Helping Verb) + Subject + Main Verb + Object
(WH Word) + Do/Does/Did (Helping Verb) + Subject + Main Verb + Object
Examples:
 She works in Gujarat Gas.
 Does she work in Gujarat Gas?
 Why does she work in Gujarat Gas?
 Ram Stays in Vadodara.
 Does Ram stay in Vadodara?
 Where does Ram stay in Vadodara?
 You played cricket in school.
 Did you play cricket in school?
 When did you platy cricket in school?

18. Important Note 1
All interrogative sentences always start with either:
 to be (is, are, am, was, were) word or
 modal auxiliary (shall, will, can, may, might, could); or
 Has, have had; or
 Do, does, did; or
 wh word (what, when, how, where, whose, which)
Whether the interrogative sentence will start with a wh
word or a helping verb is decided by answer desired.

19. Important Note 2
Close Ended Questions
 All interrogative sentences starting with a helping verb are
called close ended questions.
 Such questions usually have YES or NO as answer
Such questions are used to ask for confirmation
Open Ended Questions:
 All interrogative sentences starting with a
why/when/how/what/when/where/what are called open
ended questions.
 Such questions usually need complete answer
Such questions are usually asked to get further information

20. When
to use
s, es or ies
with verbs

21. Types of Verbs
Helping Verbs
Main Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Modal Auxiliary
 Eat
 Is
 Can
 Drink
 Are
 Could
 Sleep
 Am
 May
 Read
 Was
 Might
 Think
 Were
 Shall
 Drive
 Do
 Should
 Write
 Does
 Will
 Produce
 Did
 Would
 Has
 Have
 Had

22. Various Forms of Verbs
V1
Base Form
V2
Past Simple
V3
Past Participle
V4
Present Participle
V5
Third
Person Singular
taste
tasted
tasted
tasting
tastes
play
played
played
playing
plays
paint
painted
painted
painting
paints
beat
beat
beaten
beating
beats
walk
walked
walked
walking
walks
become
became
become
becoming
becomes
begin
began
begun
beginning
begins
bend
bent
bent
bending
bends
go
went
gone
going
goes
Used only in Past
Simple Tense
Used in all perfect
tense sentences
Used in all Continuous
Tense Sentences
Used only in Present Simple Tense
sentences having third person
singular subject
Used only in Present
Simple Tense

23. Personal Pronouns
Person
Words Used
Used for
First Person
I, We, Us, Our
Person Speaking
Second Person
You, Your
Person Spoken to
Third Person
He, She,
It, They, Their
Person/thing/place spoken
about

24. Singular & Plural Nouns/Pronouns
Singular
(one in
Plural
(more than one
number)
in number)
I
We
You
You
He
They
She
They
It
They
Book
Books
Boy
Boys
Girl
Girls
Table
Tables
Bag
Bags
Pen
Pens

25. Add s/es/ies to a verb only
if the sentence meets following three conditions:
1. It has base form of verb
(play, eat, walk, talk etc.)
2. There is no helping verb in the sentence.
(Present Simple Tense Sentence)
3. The subject is THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
(He, she, it, Prem, Pen, Baroda, dog etc.)
Examples:

He works in a bank.

Rita plays guitar very well.

My brother visits me every Sunday.

She goes to the bank daily.

26. Rules to add s, es or ies
1. Verbs ending in s, z, x, ch, sh have es added in third person
singular.
Examples: Misses, buzzes, fixes, watches, pushes
2. Verbs ending in y have ies in third person singular
Examples: hurries, tries, worries, flies
3. Other verbs have s added.
Examples: reads, eats, plays, drops
EXCEPTIONS: goes, does

27. How
to Transform
Sentences.
Change to Negative or Interrogative Sentence
Presented BY:
The English Academy
91 88666 80407
englishacademybaroda@gmail.com
Visit us at: http://indiamart.com/english-academy/
Corporate Training
│ Personality Development │ Mentoring │ Hand Holding