Hallucination
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
35 likes•21,464 views
This document discusses hallucinations and different types of hallucinogenic drugs. It defines hallucinations as perceiving something without an external stimulus. The main types of hallucinations are auditory, visual, gustatory, and tactile. Common hallucinogenic drugs are discussed in depth, including LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and cannabinoids. The document explains how these drugs work in the brain by interfering with serotonin and glutamate receptors to alter mood, perception, and behavior.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
hallucination
This document defines hallucinations as false sensory perceptions occurring without external stimuli. It classifies hallucinations into auditory, visual, gustatory, tactile, and olfactory types based on the affected sensory system. Auditory hallucinations are the most common and may be caused by executive function failure in the brain. Visual hallucinations involve neurotransmitters in the visual cortex and thalamus. Tactile hallucinations create imaginary physical sensations. Diseases that can involve hallucinations include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and organic mental disorders like delirium. Homoeopathic treatment focuses on potential miasmatic influences and ruling out underlying medical illness.
Hallucination
1) The document discusses hallucinations from a psychiatric perspective, covering their history, definitions, causes, and different types.
2) Hallucinations are defined as false perceptions that feel real to the patient but are not actually based on an external stimulus. They can affect any of the senses.
3) Common causes of hallucinations include psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, substances use, sensory deprivation, neurological disorders, and medical conditions.
delusion
This document defines delusions and describes different types of delusions. It states that a delusion is a false, unshakeable belief that is not accepted by the person's culture. Delusions can be bizarre, non-bizarre, mood congruent, or neutral. Common themes of delusions include persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, and grandiose delusions. The document also notes that delusional disorder involves only delusions, while schizophrenia involves delusions and other symptoms.
Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, is a condition where a person experiences neurological symptoms such as blindness, paralysis, or seizures that cannot be fully explained by medical issues. It occurs when psychological stressors are converted into physical symptoms affecting sensation, movement, or both. People with conversion disorder may experience weakness in the limbs, impaired coordination, or problems with senses like vision or hearing. It is diagnosed through medical history, exams, and tests to rule out other neurological or medical conditions. Treatment involves counseling therapies and sometimes medication to manage anxiety or depression. Prognosis is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed early and the patient engages with treatment recommendations.
obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCD)
This document provides information about obsessive compulsive disorder and related disorders. It discusses OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, excoriation disorder and their symptoms. It also covers the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of OCD, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, ECT and self-help strategies. Nursing management focuses on reducing anxiety and compulsive behaviors, improving role performance and sleep disturbances. Related disorders like body dysmorphic disorder, hair pulling disorder and skin picking disorder are also summarized.
Hallucinations_-dr Hareesh Krishnan
This document defines and classifies hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions that occur without external stimuli. Hallucinations are categorized by sensory modality (auditory, visual, etc.), complexity, organization, and reality value. Neuroimaging research has found that auditory hallucinations are associated with reduced grey matter in language processing areas of the brain and altered connectivity between these areas and regions involved in control. Current models propose that hallucinations result from overactivity in sensory processing regions combined with weakened top-down control.
Mania ppt new
Mania is defined as a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week. It can be classified as mixed states with both manic and depressive features, hypomania with less sleep needs and increased goal-motivated behavior, or associated with bipolar disorder. Causes may include genetic, biochemical, seasonal, or stressful life influences. Signs include inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep needs, pressured speech, distractibility, and risky behaviors. Treatment involves psychological therapies and organic treatments like mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines to control symptoms.
Delusions
Normal thinking involves goal-directed progression of ideas and associations leading to rational conclusions. Thought disorders involve errors in this process and can be categorized as disorders of form, progression, content, or possession. Delusions are a type of thought content disorder characterized by false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence. Conrad proposed a 5-stage model of delusion development including mood changes, search for meaning, heightening of psychosis, formation of a new worldview, and eventual isolation. Delusions are classified based on origin, theme, mood congruence, reality value, and complexity. Common delusional themes include persecution, guilt, infidelity, grandeur, poverty, and somatic or religious beliefs. Case studies demonstrate delusional
Recommended
hallucination
This document defines hallucinations as false sensory perceptions occurring without external stimuli. It classifies hallucinations into auditory, visual, gustatory, tactile, and olfactory types based on the affected sensory system. Auditory hallucinations are the most common and may be caused by executive function failure in the brain. Visual hallucinations involve neurotransmitters in the visual cortex and thalamus. Tactile hallucinations create imaginary physical sensations. Diseases that can involve hallucinations include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and organic mental disorders like delirium. Homoeopathic treatment focuses on potential miasmatic influences and ruling out underlying medical illness.
Hallucination
1) The document discusses hallucinations from a psychiatric perspective, covering their history, definitions, causes, and different types.
2) Hallucinations are defined as false perceptions that feel real to the patient but are not actually based on an external stimulus. They can affect any of the senses.
3) Common causes of hallucinations include psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, substances use, sensory deprivation, neurological disorders, and medical conditions.
delusion
This document defines delusions and describes different types of delusions. It states that a delusion is a false, unshakeable belief that is not accepted by the person's culture. Delusions can be bizarre, non-bizarre, mood congruent, or neutral. Common themes of delusions include persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, and grandiose delusions. The document also notes that delusional disorder involves only delusions, while schizophrenia involves delusions and other symptoms.
Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, is a condition where a person experiences neurological symptoms such as blindness, paralysis, or seizures that cannot be fully explained by medical issues. It occurs when psychological stressors are converted into physical symptoms affecting sensation, movement, or both. People with conversion disorder may experience weakness in the limbs, impaired coordination, or problems with senses like vision or hearing. It is diagnosed through medical history, exams, and tests to rule out other neurological or medical conditions. Treatment involves counseling therapies and sometimes medication to manage anxiety or depression. Prognosis is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed early and the patient engages with treatment recommendations.
obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCD)
This document provides information about obsessive compulsive disorder and related disorders. It discusses OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, excoriation disorder and their symptoms. It also covers the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of OCD, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, ECT and self-help strategies. Nursing management focuses on reducing anxiety and compulsive behaviors, improving role performance and sleep disturbances. Related disorders like body dysmorphic disorder, hair pulling disorder and skin picking disorder are also summarized.
Hallucinations_-dr Hareesh Krishnan
This document defines and classifies hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions that occur without external stimuli. Hallucinations are categorized by sensory modality (auditory, visual, etc.), complexity, organization, and reality value. Neuroimaging research has found that auditory hallucinations are associated with reduced grey matter in language processing areas of the brain and altered connectivity between these areas and regions involved in control. Current models propose that hallucinations result from overactivity in sensory processing regions combined with weakened top-down control.
Mania ppt new
Mania is defined as a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week. It can be classified as mixed states with both manic and depressive features, hypomania with less sleep needs and increased goal-motivated behavior, or associated with bipolar disorder. Causes may include genetic, biochemical, seasonal, or stressful life influences. Signs include inflated self-esteem, decreased sleep needs, pressured speech, distractibility, and risky behaviors. Treatment involves psychological therapies and organic treatments like mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines to control symptoms.
Delusions
Normal thinking involves goal-directed progression of ideas and associations leading to rational conclusions. Thought disorders involve errors in this process and can be categorized as disorders of form, progression, content, or possession. Delusions are a type of thought content disorder characterized by false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence. Conrad proposed a 5-stage model of delusion development including mood changes, search for meaning, heightening of psychosis, formation of a new worldview, and eventual isolation. Delusions are classified based on origin, theme, mood congruence, reality value, and complexity. Common delusional themes include persecution, guilt, infidelity, grandeur, poverty, and somatic or religious beliefs. Case studies demonstrate delusional
Schizophrenia
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its symptoms, types, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, imaging findings, treatment goals, and pharmacological management. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by disorganized thinking and perceptions. It has several clinical subtypes and is generally treated through a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy, with goals of minimizing symptoms and improving functioning. The exact causes are unknown but involve genetic and environmental factors impacting brain neurochemistry.
Dissociative disorders & conversion disorders
Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in how a person integrates their thoughts, memory, identity, and perception of the environment. Common types include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, trance/possession disorders, and conversion disorder. These disorders often develop as a result of trauma or abuse during childhood and involve defense mechanisms like repression and dissociation. People with dissociative disorders experience symptoms like memory loss, identity confusion, anesthesia or paralysis without physical cause, and lack of conscious control over their own behavior. Treatment involves psychotherapy to help people process the underlying traumatic experiences and integrate their sense of self.
MOOD STABILIZER
The document provides an overview of mood stabilizers, including their definition, classification, mechanisms of action, and side effects. It defines mood stabilizers as medications that decrease vulnerability to manic or depressive episodes without exacerbating current symptoms. Common mood stabilizers are lithium, anticonvulsants like valproate and carbamazepine, and atypical antipsychotics. These medications impact neurotransmitter systems and signaling pathways in the brain to achieve their mood stabilizing effects, but can also cause side effects like tremors, weight gain, thyroid and kidney issues.
Mania
Mania is an abnormally elevated mood state characterized by inappropriate elation, irritability, insomnia, grandiose notions, increased speech and thoughts, and poor judgment. It is caused by biological and psychosocial factors and can be treated with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, ECT, and psychotherapy. Nurses assess severity, monitor for injury/violence risks, address nutrition issues, and support social interaction for patients experiencing mania.
Panic anxiety disorder
The document discusses panic disorder, which is characterized by unexpected panic attacks that are unrelated to circumstances. Panic disorder has a lifetime prevalence of 1.5-2% and is more common in females. Causes may include genetic factors, alterations in GABA, repression failure, or painful stimuli. Symptoms include shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, sweating, dizziness, nausea, numbness, trembling, and fear of dying. Treatment includes benzodiazepines, antidepressants, beta blockers, relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, and cognitive behavioral therapy to change negative thoughts.
Psychosis and neurosis.2
This document defines psychosis and discusses its symptoms. Psychosis involves difficulties distinguishing what is real from what is not and can include false beliefs, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and behavior. Specific symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations in any sensory modality, and thought disorders. The document also discusses neurosis, which involves abnormal psychiatric features without an organic cause, and includes anxiety disorders, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleep disorders.
Delusion
This document summarizes delusions, which are fixed false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. It defines delusions and distinguishes them from overvalued ideas. It describes different types of delusions such as persecutory, grandiose, somatic, and mixed delusions. It also discusses primary delusions that occur suddenly versus secondary delusions caused by other conditions. Various disorders and medical conditions that can cause delusions are listed.
BPAD
BPAD- CURRENT EPISODE OF MANIA WITH PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
The patient, a 26-year-old male, presented with decreased need for sleep, increased activity and talkativeness, irritability, and psychotic symptoms over the past 2 months. He was diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder with a current manic episode with psychotic features. He was treated with lithium, olanzapine, and other medications but showed limited improvement. His treatment was changed to include divalproex and clonazepam in addition to olanzapine, which led to 50% improvement in his symptoms over one week.
Mood disorder
Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood that are accompanied by related cognitive, physical, and interpersonal difficulties. They include conditions like bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression, while major depressive disorder involves recurrent episodes of depression without mania. Mood disorders have biological, genetic, neurological, and psychosocial causes. They are diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with medications, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy with the goal of managing mood disturbances and related issues. Nursing care focuses on safety, treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, and education.
Obsessive compulsivedisorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
Hallucinations
Hallucination definition, explanation. Difference between true perception and hallucinations. Mental images. Pseudo-hallucinations. Causes of hallucinations. Types of hallucinations.
Mania. bipolar disorder. manic disorder
mania is an alteration in mood that is characterized by extreme happiness, extreme irritability, hyperactivity, little or no need for sleep. the main etiological factors include biological factors, biochemical influences, physiological factors, and psycho social theories. mania is broadly classified into three categories- hypo mania, acute mania and delirious mania. there are three types of treatment for mania- pharmacological treatment, psycho-social treatment and ECT.
Behavioural therapy
This document discusses different types of psychotherapies including behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, cognitive therapy, and humanistic therapy. It focuses on behavioral therapy, outlining its key assumptions, principles, indications, and techniques. Behavioral therapy aims to modify maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement of adaptive behaviors based on principles of classical and operant conditioning. Techniques may include desensitization, flooding, exposure therapy, and aversion therapy. Advantages are its empirical evidence-base and collaboration between therapist and client, while disadvantages are its lack of insight and focus only on symptoms.
Psychosis
The document defines psychosis as a loss of contact with reality and discusses its causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing management. Psychosis can be caused by genetic and medical factors as well as substance use and can involve hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders. Diagnosis involves medical testing and evaluations to determine if underlying medical or substance conditions are present. Treatment includes antipsychotic medications, therapy, and rehabilitation services. Nursing care focuses on safety, communication, maintaining health, and addressing low self-esteem.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. It is classified into Bipolar I and II based on the severity of manic episodes. The exact causes are unknown but genetic and biochemical factors are thought to play a role. Clinical features include changes in mood, energy, sleep patterns, and risk-taking behavior. Treatment involves mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and antidepressants to control symptoms and prevent future episodes. Prognosis depends on factors like comorbidities, stress levels, and medication compliance.
physiology of Hallucination
The document discusses different types of hallucinations including visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and somatic hallucinations. It describes the symptoms associated with each type and some potential causes like mental illness, substance abuse, neurological disorders, and sensory deprivation. The document also summarizes a study that examined patients' attitudes toward their hallucinations and how those attitudes related to characteristics of the hallucinations and treatments.
Alcohol dependent syndrome
Alcohol dependence syndrome is characterized by pathological use of alcohol that causes impairment in social and occupational functioning. It involves physical dependence, tolerance to alcohol, and withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is stopped. Treatment involves detoxification using benzodiazepines to manage withdrawal symptoms, followed by behavioral therapies, group therapy, psychotherapy, and medications to reduce cravings and prevent relapse. Nursing management focuses on safety, monitoring for complications, providing education and psychosocial support to patients and their families.
psychosis
Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". It can be caused by genetics, trauma, medical conditions, or drugs. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and difficulty concentrating. Diagnosis involves considering psychosis in someone withdrawing socially or performing worse at work/school without explanation. Treatment options include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Bipolar mood disorder
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
Somatoform disorders
Somatoform disorders are mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. They are caused by psychological factors and result in significant distress or impairment. One such disorder is somatization disorder, which involves multiple somatic complaints in various organ systems over several years. It has an onset before age 30 and is diagnosed when symptoms cannot be explained medically or are excessive given the medical findings. Common features include pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudoneurological symptoms. Somatization disorder is associated with conditions like depression and anxiety.
Hallucination
This document presents a case study of a 35-year-old female complaining of seeing shapes, colors, and partially formed images. Her medical history includes migraines, pituitary tumors, and other conditions. On examination, she has mild disc pallor in both eyes. The document lists potential etiologies for her visual hallucinations including migraine, psychosis, and Charles Bonnet Syndrome. It provides details on visual hallucinations and Charles Bonnet Syndrome. The assessment is that she is experiencing visual deprivation hallucinations due to Charles Bonnet Syndrome. The plan is to consult psychiatry and start her on olanzapine.
Chapter 12 Hallucinogens
The document provides an overview of the four main classes of hallucinogenic drugs: serotonergic hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin; methylated amphetamines like MDMA; anticholinergic hallucinogens found in plants; and dissociative anesthetics like PCP. It discusses the history of hallucinogen use from the 1960s counterculture movement to current trends, physiological and psychological effects of different classes of drugs, risks and adverse effects, and mechanisms of action in the brain.
More Related Content
What's hot
Schizophrenia
This document provides an overview of schizophrenia, including its symptoms, types, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, imaging findings, treatment goals, and pharmacological management. Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder characterized by disorganized thinking and perceptions. It has several clinical subtypes and is generally treated through a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy, with goals of minimizing symptoms and improving functioning. The exact causes are unknown but involve genetic and environmental factors impacting brain neurochemistry.
Dissociative disorders & conversion disorders
Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in how a person integrates their thoughts, memory, identity, and perception of the environment. Common types include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, trance/possession disorders, and conversion disorder. These disorders often develop as a result of trauma or abuse during childhood and involve defense mechanisms like repression and dissociation. People with dissociative disorders experience symptoms like memory loss, identity confusion, anesthesia or paralysis without physical cause, and lack of conscious control over their own behavior. Treatment involves psychotherapy to help people process the underlying traumatic experiences and integrate their sense of self.
MOOD STABILIZER
The document provides an overview of mood stabilizers, including their definition, classification, mechanisms of action, and side effects. It defines mood stabilizers as medications that decrease vulnerability to manic or depressive episodes without exacerbating current symptoms. Common mood stabilizers are lithium, anticonvulsants like valproate and carbamazepine, and atypical antipsychotics. These medications impact neurotransmitter systems and signaling pathways in the brain to achieve their mood stabilizing effects, but can also cause side effects like tremors, weight gain, thyroid and kidney issues.
Mania
Mania is an abnormally elevated mood state characterized by inappropriate elation, irritability, insomnia, grandiose notions, increased speech and thoughts, and poor judgment. It is caused by biological and psychosocial factors and can be treated with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, ECT, and psychotherapy. Nurses assess severity, monitor for injury/violence risks, address nutrition issues, and support social interaction for patients experiencing mania.
Panic anxiety disorder
The document discusses panic disorder, which is characterized by unexpected panic attacks that are unrelated to circumstances. Panic disorder has a lifetime prevalence of 1.5-2% and is more common in females. Causes may include genetic factors, alterations in GABA, repression failure, or painful stimuli. Symptoms include shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, sweating, dizziness, nausea, numbness, trembling, and fear of dying. Treatment includes benzodiazepines, antidepressants, beta blockers, relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, and cognitive behavioral therapy to change negative thoughts.
Psychosis and neurosis.2
This document defines psychosis and discusses its symptoms. Psychosis involves difficulties distinguishing what is real from what is not and can include false beliefs, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and behavior. Specific symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations in any sensory modality, and thought disorders. The document also discusses neurosis, which involves abnormal psychiatric features without an organic cause, and includes anxiety disorders, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleep disorders.
Delusion
This document summarizes delusions, which are fixed false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. It defines delusions and distinguishes them from overvalued ideas. It describes different types of delusions such as persecutory, grandiose, somatic, and mixed delusions. It also discusses primary delusions that occur suddenly versus secondary delusions caused by other conditions. Various disorders and medical conditions that can cause delusions are listed.
BPAD
BPAD- CURRENT EPISODE OF MANIA WITH PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
The patient, a 26-year-old male, presented with decreased need for sleep, increased activity and talkativeness, irritability, and psychotic symptoms over the past 2 months. He was diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder with a current manic episode with psychotic features. He was treated with lithium, olanzapine, and other medications but showed limited improvement. His treatment was changed to include divalproex and clonazepam in addition to olanzapine, which led to 50% improvement in his symptoms over one week.
Mood disorder
Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood that are accompanied by related cognitive, physical, and interpersonal difficulties. They include conditions like bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression, while major depressive disorder involves recurrent episodes of depression without mania. Mood disorders have biological, genetic, neurological, and psychosocial causes. They are diagnosed based on symptoms and treated with medications, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy with the goal of managing mood disturbances and related issues. Nursing care focuses on safety, treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, and education.
Obsessive compulsivedisorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder whose main symptoms include obsessions and compulsions, driving the person to engage in unwanted, often-times distress behaviors or thoughts. The obsessions are usually related to a sense of harm, risk or injury. The common Obsessions include concern about contamination, doubt, fear of loss or letting go, fear of physically injuring someone.It’s treatment is done through a combination of psychiatric medications and psychotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
An obsession is defined as an idea, impulse, or image which intrude into the conscious aware repeatedly.
Hallucinations
Hallucination definition, explanation. Difference between true perception and hallucinations. Mental images. Pseudo-hallucinations. Causes of hallucinations. Types of hallucinations.
Mania. bipolar disorder. manic disorder
mania is an alteration in mood that is characterized by extreme happiness, extreme irritability, hyperactivity, little or no need for sleep. the main etiological factors include biological factors, biochemical influences, physiological factors, and psycho social theories. mania is broadly classified into three categories- hypo mania, acute mania and delirious mania. there are three types of treatment for mania- pharmacological treatment, psycho-social treatment and ECT.
Behavioural therapy
This document discusses different types of psychotherapies including behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, cognitive therapy, and humanistic therapy. It focuses on behavioral therapy, outlining its key assumptions, principles, indications, and techniques. Behavioral therapy aims to modify maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement of adaptive behaviors based on principles of classical and operant conditioning. Techniques may include desensitization, flooding, exposure therapy, and aversion therapy. Advantages are its empirical evidence-base and collaboration between therapist and client, while disadvantages are its lack of insight and focus only on symptoms.
Psychosis
The document defines psychosis as a loss of contact with reality and discusses its causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing management. Psychosis can be caused by genetic and medical factors as well as substance use and can involve hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders. Diagnosis involves medical testing and evaluations to determine if underlying medical or substance conditions are present. Treatment includes antipsychotic medications, therapy, and rehabilitation services. Nursing care focuses on safety, communication, maintaining health, and addressing low self-esteem.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. It is classified into Bipolar I and II based on the severity of manic episodes. The exact causes are unknown but genetic and biochemical factors are thought to play a role. Clinical features include changes in mood, energy, sleep patterns, and risk-taking behavior. Treatment involves mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and antidepressants to control symptoms and prevent future episodes. Prognosis depends on factors like comorbidities, stress levels, and medication compliance.
physiology of Hallucination
The document discusses different types of hallucinations including visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and somatic hallucinations. It describes the symptoms associated with each type and some potential causes like mental illness, substance abuse, neurological disorders, and sensory deprivation. The document also summarizes a study that examined patients' attitudes toward their hallucinations and how those attitudes related to characteristics of the hallucinations and treatments.
Alcohol dependent syndrome
Alcohol dependence syndrome is characterized by pathological use of alcohol that causes impairment in social and occupational functioning. It involves physical dependence, tolerance to alcohol, and withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is stopped. Treatment involves detoxification using benzodiazepines to manage withdrawal symptoms, followed by behavioral therapies, group therapy, psychotherapy, and medications to reduce cravings and prevent relapse. Nursing management focuses on safety, monitoring for complications, providing education and psychosocial support to patients and their families.
psychosis
Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". It can be caused by genetics, trauma, medical conditions, or drugs. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and difficulty concentrating. Diagnosis involves considering psychosis in someone withdrawing socially or performing worse at work/school without explanation. Treatment options include antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Bipolar mood disorder
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
Somatoform disorders
Somatoform disorders are mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. They are caused by psychological factors and result in significant distress or impairment. One such disorder is somatization disorder, which involves multiple somatic complaints in various organ systems over several years. It has an onset before age 30 and is diagnosed when symptoms cannot be explained medically or are excessive given the medical findings. Common features include pain, gastrointestinal, sexual, and pseudoneurological symptoms. Somatization disorder is associated with conditions like depression and anxiety.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Hallucination
This document presents a case study of a 35-year-old female complaining of seeing shapes, colors, and partially formed images. Her medical history includes migraines, pituitary tumors, and other conditions. On examination, she has mild disc pallor in both eyes. The document lists potential etiologies for her visual hallucinations including migraine, psychosis, and Charles Bonnet Syndrome. It provides details on visual hallucinations and Charles Bonnet Syndrome. The assessment is that she is experiencing visual deprivation hallucinations due to Charles Bonnet Syndrome. The plan is to consult psychiatry and start her on olanzapine.
Chapter 12 Hallucinogens
The document provides an overview of the four main classes of hallucinogenic drugs: serotonergic hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin; methylated amphetamines like MDMA; anticholinergic hallucinogens found in plants; and dissociative anesthetics like PCP. It discusses the history of hallucinogen use from the 1960s counterculture movement to current trends, physiological and psychological effects of different classes of drugs, risks and adverse effects, and mechanisms of action in the brain.
Hallucinogens
The document discusses hallucinogenic drugs, their effects, mechanisms, and history of use. It defines hallucinogens as drugs that induce unusual mental experiences like dreams, trance, or insanity by altering consciousness, perception, thought, and emotion. Common hallucinogens are derived from fungi, plants, and animals and include LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, ketamine, and PCP. The document outlines criteria for classifying hallucinogens and categories such as psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. It notes the unpredictable nature of hallucinogens and discusses their current legal status and debates around regulation.
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are drugs taken recreationally to alter thoughts, perceptions and emotions. The hallucinogens, more commonly known as psychedelics, produce visual, auditory and other sensory hallucinations--experiences that are not real.
Euphoria may occur, but these drugs also commonly cause agitation, confusion, anxiety, paranoia, delusions, loss of social inhibitions, and wildly labile emotions.
Large doses of hallucinogens can cause psychosis, ruptured brain blood vessels, brain damage, seizures, and potentially fatal respiratory and heart failure. According to the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 1.1 million Americans use hallucinogenic drugs.
Drugs of Abuse: Hallucinogens
The document provides information about various hallucinogenic drugs like PCP, LSD, and ecstasy. It discusses the pharmacological effects of these drugs on the brain and body. It also covers the potential symptoms of toxicity and overdose from hallucinogen use as well as myths and rumors surrounding these drugs. The goal is to educate students about hallucinogens and their consequences in order to help students make informed choices.
Hallucinations transdiagnostic
This document outlines a transdiagnostic approach to understanding psychotic symptoms across different diagnoses. It identifies four subtypes of psychotic experiences - highly salient, trauma-related, dreamlike, and isolated symptoms - that can present across conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and others. Each subtype is associated with different patterns in cognition, perception, and underlying neurobiology. Taking a transdiagnostic approach allows for more homogeneous patient groupings, links symptoms to pathophysiology, and ties pathophysiology to optimized treatment tailored to the specific symptom presentation rather than diagnosis alone.
Lsd & Other Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are a category of drugs that can cause altered perceptions such as sights, sounds, feelings, and the sense of time. They have been used throughout history by various cultures for spiritual purposes or medical use. Common hallucinogenic drugs include LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, PCP, mescaline, ketamine, and ecstasy. While some can be physically dangerous, all can potentially cause psychological dependence or long-term mental health issues from continued use. Side effects range from changes in mood to more severe reactions like convulsions or death.
Delusion ppt
There are two main types of thought disorders - delusions and overvalued ideas. Delusions are defined as false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. Three main criteria define delusions: certainty, incorrigibility, and impossibility of content. Primary delusions cannot be explained by other symptoms, whereas secondary delusions are derived from other abnormalities like hallucinations. Grandiose, paranoid, and delusions of guilt are some common types of delusional content. Disorders of the prefrontal and temporal lobes may underlie generation of delusions.
Lsd
LSD is a potent hallucinogenic drug derived from ergot fungus. When ingested, it causes intense and unpredictable trips that can last up to 12 hours. Users experience a wide range of emotions and sensory distortions, not knowing what is real. Long term effects include flashbacks and psychological issues like delusions, impaired thinking, and panic attacks. While LSD is not physically addictive, it can still be psychologically addictive due to the euphoria and escape it provides users. Treatment focuses on behavior modification and counseling to address underlying issues driving abuse.
LSD Presentation
This document provides a summary of information about LSD including:
- It discusses common myths about LSD and provides facts to debunk them.
- Details are given about LSD's effects on the body such as its half-life, dosage amounts, how it is absorbed and distributed in the body.
- Studies are summarized that explored therapeutic uses of LSD to treat conditions like obsessional neurosis, cluster headaches, and autism.
- A brief history of government regulation of LSD in the 1960s-1970s that led to it being classified and banned is mentioned.
Anti anxiety drugs
This document summarizes various anti-anxiety drugs including benzodiazepines, 5-HT1A agonists, melatonin receptor agonists, and barbiturates. It describes how these drugs work by potentiating GABA receptors in the brain to produce sedative and anxiolytic effects. Specific drugs mentioned include diazepam, buspirone, remelteon, phenobarbital, and thiopental. The document also discusses the pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects of these different classes of anti-anxiety medications.
The treatment of auditory hallucinations
This document discusses different treatments for auditory hallucinations based on their underlying causes. It recommends starting with the least radical therapies such as psychoeducation, coping techniques, and cognitive behavioral therapy. If those don't work, options include antipsychotic medication, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy. TMS and antipsychotics can significantly reduce hallucination severity but have high dropout rates. ECT may be effective for medication-resistant cases but the evidence comes from uncontrolled studies. Overall, treatment should be tailored to the individual based on the diagnosis and cause of their auditory hallucinations.
Disorders Of Perception
The document discusses various types of perceptual abnormalities including sensory distortions, deceptions, and illusions. It describes abnormalities in different senses such as vision, hearing, touch, and others. Sensory distortions can involve changes in intensity, color, shape, size, motion, or location of perceived objects. Illusions can be completion, affective, or pareidolic in nature. Hallucinations are false perceptions without an external stimulus and can occur in any sensory modality. Organic causes as well as psychiatric conditions can produce different perceptual abnormalities. The document provides examples and details of many specific perceptual disorders.
Lsd
LSD was created by Albert Hofmann while searching for a stimulant. Its psychedelic effects were discovered when Hofmann accidentally consumed some. Its use increased in the 1960s due to psychologist Timothy Leary advocating its recreational use. LSD alters perceptions and mood but can have harmful physical, mental, and social effects like hallucinations, panic attacks, and difficulty determining what is real. While it may have medical uses, its legal status and unpredictable effects when mixed with other substances make its recreational use dangerous.
Hallucinogens
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It defines different terms used to describe hallucinogens and describes the two main classes of hallucinogens - classical phantastica and deliriants. It focuses on LSD, describing its discovery, early uses, advocates like Timothy Leary, effects, and debates around its medical and therapeutic use. The document also briefly profiles several other common hallucinogenic plants and substances.
Delusion
Delusion is a fixed false belief that is resistant to logic and not consistent with cultural norms. There are several types of delusions including persecutory (belief of being spied on or harmed), jealous, erotomanic, somatic, and grandiose delusions. People with delusions feel singled out and mistreated by enemies. They develop complex systems to explain perceived injustices and hostile feelings. Treatment is difficult as delusional beliefs are resistant to change, though some may improve with hospitalization and antipsychotic medication. The prognosis for fully overcoming delusions is generally poor.
Lsd
LSD is a synthetic hallucinogenic drug discovered in 1938 that was widely experimented with and used recreationally in the 1960s but is now illegal; it produces vivid visual hallucinations and alters thinking when taken in doses of 100-200 micrograms but can also cause anxiety, paranoia, and flashbacks, with rare potential long-term psychological risks if used heavily or by those with mental illness. Harm reduction principles for guiding someone on an LSD trip focus on creating a safe environment without interference while talking through the experience afterwards.
Lsd presentation
LSD is a hallucinogenic drug synthesized in 1938. It causes visual hallucinations and alters perceptions of time and self. LSD is typically taken orally by absorbing blotter paper, liquid drops, or tablets that have been soaked in the drug. Effects begin within 90 minutes and can last up to 12 hours, causing dilated pupils, increased heart rate, and sensations that sounds and colors are merging. Around 200,000 people use LSD for the first time each year according to surveys, taking it for its psychedelic and recreational effects.
Antianxiety drugs
This document provides information on antianxiety drugs. It discusses that anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state associated with unease from an unknown threat. Treatment is needed when anxiety is disproportionate or excessive. It then describes various classes of antianxiety drugs including benzodiazepines, azapirones, barbiturates, beta blockers, and antidepressants. The document focuses on benzodiazepines, explaining their mechanism of action by enhancing GABA through binding sites on GABA receptors. It discusses their therapeutic uses for anxiety disorders, seizures, muscle disorders and as amnesia for medical procedures. Potential adverse effects and drug interactions are also summarized.
Delusional Disorder
This document provides an overview of delusional disorder, including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, types, clinical features, differential diagnosis, course, prognosis, and treatment. Delusional disorder involves non-bizarre delusions without hallucinations or other symptoms of schizophrenia. It has a prevalence of about 0.03% and typically onset in middle age. The cause is unknown but may involve biological and psychosocial factors. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, and sometimes hospitalization. Prognosis is generally stable but depends on factors like age of onset and delusional type.
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to Hallucination
VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION CONTROL.pdf
This document discusses different types of hallucinogenic drugs, including their history, effects, and key details. It describes 8 classes of hallucinogens: marijuana, ecstasy, LSD, peyote, PCP, psilocybin, morning glory seeds, and Rohypnol. For each, it provides the scientific and street names, active ingredients, brief history and origins, and physical and psychological effects users may experience like hallucinations, changes in perception, increased heart rate, and nausea. The goal is to educate on these substances' properties and dangers.
drugsofabuse-2nd quarter.pptx
The document outlines the six classifications of drugs of abuse:
1. Gateway drugs which can lead to more dangerous drugs like marijuana. Examples include legal drugs like smoking and drinking.
2. Depressant drugs which slow the central nervous system like alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers.
3. Stimulant drugs which speed up the central nervous system like amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine.
4. Narcotics which relieve pain and induce sleep but are dangerous if misused, like cocaine, heroin, and marijuana.
5. Hallucinogens which distort reality, affecting senses to perceive illusions, like LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, and mescal
Goldberg Chapter 13
This document discusses various hallucinogenic drugs, including their origins, effects, and historical uses. It covers plant-based hallucinogens like peyote, psilocybin mushrooms, and anticholinergic plants. It also examines synthetic drugs such as LSD, PCP, ketamine, and DMT. The effects of hallucinogens range from euphoria and enhanced senses to anxiety, panic, and psychosis. Some hallucinogens have been used medically or in religious rituals throughout history, while others like LSD and PCP became popular recreationally before being regulated.
drugs of use.pptx
This document outlines the six classifications of drugs of abuse:
1. Gateway drugs which are legal but can lead to more dangerous drugs like marijuana. Examples are smoking and drinking.
2. Depressant drugs which slow the central nervous system like alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers.
3. Stimulant drugs which speed up the central nervous system like amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine.
4. Narcotics which relieve pain and induce sleepiness but are dangerous if misused, like cocaine, heroin, and marijuana.
5. Hallucinogens which distort reality and affect all senses, examples being LSD, psilocybin, and
Deliriant poisons
This document discusses several deliriant poisons, including Dhatura, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger, Cannabis indica, and cocaine. It provides detailed information on the characteristics, active principles, absorption, effects, symptoms, treatment and medicolegal aspects of Dhatura and Cannabis in particular. For Dhatura, it outlines signs like dry mouth, dilated pupils, and delirium. Cannabis preparations like bhang, ganja and charas are described along with their varying potency and psychological effects from euphoria to hallucinations.
Terminology in psychiatry
This document provides terminology and definitions related to psychotic disorders and symptoms. It discusses the definitions of key terms like psychosis, hallucinations, and delusions. It describes different types of hallucinations such as auditory, visual, olfactory, and somatic. It also covers various types of delusions including persecutory, delusions of grandeur, erotomanic, and hypochondriacal delusions. The document aims to increase awareness of psychotic illnesses and their symptoms to help with assessing and approaching patients with potential psychiatric issues.
deliriantpoisons-151106113410-lva1-app6892.pdf
This document discusses several deliriant poisons, including Dhatura, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger, Cannabis indica, and cocaine. It provides detailed information on Dhatura/thorn apple, including its active principles, signs and symptoms of poisoning, treatment, and medicolegal aspects. Effects of Dhatura poisoning include dry mouth, dilated pupils, flushed face, hot dry skin, delirium, and possibly death from respiratory paralysis. The document also describes forms of cannabis indica such as bhang, majoon, ganja, charas, and marijuana as well as their effects and use.
drugsofabuse-190812163055.pptx
This document discusses drugs and their classifications. It defines a drug as any substance that alters normal bodily function when absorbed into the body. Drugs are then classified into six main categories: 1) gateway drugs, 2) depressants, 3) stimulants, 4) narcotics, 5) hallucinogens, and 6) inhalants. Each category is described in terms of its effects on the central nervous system and examples of common drugs that fall into each category are provided.
Acids and hallucigens
Hallucinogenic drugs alter perception and brain function by acting on serotonin levels in the central nervous system. Two common hallucinogens are LSD (acid) and psilocybin mushrooms, both of which can cause hallucinations and distorted perceptions of reality. Short term effects include altered thinking and sensations, while long term effects may include flashbacks, changes in memory and focus.
Student generated Drug Presentation
LSD is a potent hallucinogenic drug that is active in microgram doses. It is usually taken orally in tablets, capsules, liquid form, or on blotter paper. While not physically addictive, LSD can cause cravings and tolerance with increased use. Short-term effects include hallucinations, distorted perceptions, and heightened senses. Long-term effects may include flashbacks, prolonged psychotic states, anxiety, and HPPD. LSD is both an agonist and antagonist of serotonin receptors in the brain, interfering with neurotransmission.
MAPEH 9 - Health - Drugs of Abuse (The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse)...
MAPEH 9 - Health - Drugs of Abuse (The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse)...Talangan Integrated National High School
This document outlines the six classifications of drugs of abuse:
1. Gateway drugs include legal drugs like tobacco and alcohol that can lead to use of more dangerous drugs.
2. Depressant drugs slow the central nervous system and include alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers. They are sometimes prescribed to treat conditions like anxiety.
3. Stimulant drugs speed up the central nervous system and include amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine. They provide energy but can cause depression and tiredness.
4. Narcotics relieve pain and induce sleep and include opioids like heroin and marijuana. They are sometimes prescribed for pain but are also abused recreationally.drugsofabuse-190812163055 (1).pdf
This document outlines the six classifications of drugs of abuse:
1. Gateway drugs include legal drugs like tobacco and alcohol that can lead to use of more dangerous drugs.
2. Depressant drugs slow down the central nervous system and include alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers. They are sometimes prescribed to help with stress or anger issues.
3. Stimulant drugs speed up the central nervous system and include amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine. They provide energy but can cause depression and tiredness.
4. Narcotics relieve pain and induce sleep and include opioids like heroin and marijuana. They are prescribed for pain but can be abused.
Dangerous Drugs
This document provides information about drug education, including definitions of key terms, classifications of drugs, and descriptions of specific commonly abused drugs. It defines terms like drug, abuse, dependence, and addiction. It also classifies major drug types like hallucinogens, narcotics, depressants, stimulants, and discusses examples for each type. For hallucinogens it describes marijuana, LSD, mescaline, ketamine, psilocybin, and PCP. For narcotics it discusses opium, morphine, codeine, heroin, and other semi-synthetic and synthetic narcotics. The document aims to educate about different drugs, their effects, and drug abuse.
hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause hallucinations or perceptual anomalies by disrupting serotonin production in the brain. There are several types of hallucinations involving sight, sound, smell, and touch. Hallucinogens can come from natural sources like mushrooms or synthetic sources and are consumed in various forms. While some hallucinogens have medical uses, adverse effects include anxiety, paranoia, and flashbacks. Treatment involves both medical and psychological approaches like reducing medication that triggers symptoms, using antipsychotics, and psychotherapy.
Hallucinogenic plants
Hallucinogens are natural or synthetic substances that alter consciousness and cause hallucinations. Some hallucinogens have medical uses but must be administered carefully. The document describes several hallucinogenic plants - belladonna, betel nut, donana, henbane, datura, and cannabis. It provides details on their chemical constituents and traditional medical uses as sedatives, analgesics, or treatments for conditions like asthma.
Disorders of perception
The document discusses various types of abnormal perception including sensory distortions and sensory deceptions. It describes different types of sensory distortions that involve changes in intensity, quality, spatial form, and the experience of time. Specific distortions mentioned include hyperacusis, achromatopsia, macropsia, and metamorphopsia. Sensory deceptions involve illusions and hallucinations. Illusions involve misinterpretation of external stimuli while hallucinations are false perceptions without an external cause. Common types of hallucinations described are auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, and those involving deep sensation. Specific hallucination syndromes like Charles Bonnet syndrome and phantom limb are also discussed.
Hallucinogens and marijuana
Hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin distort sensory perceptions and were widely used in experiments from the 1940s-1960s. LSD was first synthesized in 1938 and can produce hallucinations with very small amounts. Effects include vivid colors, anxiety, increased heart rate, and extreme emotions. Treatment involves detox and therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and support groups. Marijuana is derived from cannabis plants and smoked or steeped in tea. It causes euphoria, time distortion, and enhanced senses but can also relieve pain. Effective treatments include relapse prevention and support groups which have reduced marijuana use after treatment.
1.Psychotropic drugs Viswa.pptx
Amphetamine is a drug of abuse that produces a euphoric effect 10 times that of cocaine. It is taken orally or by injection and its effects last 10-16 hours. The fatal dose is 150mg to 2gm and death occurs within 2-4 hours. Some amphetamine users collect and sell the urine of other users, which is golden yellow in color and contains 40% of unchanged amphetamine, on the black market. Psychedelic drugs like LSD and ecstasy can cause hallucinations referred to as a "trip", which can be pleasant or disturbing. LSD trips last about an hour but after effects may persist for weeks and potentially lead to violence or suicide. Flashback episodes can occur after
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE POISONING.pptx
lysergic acid diethylamide is a hallucinogen
Hallucinogens are also called psychedelics or psychotomimetic agents.
Hallucinogens are substances that induce changes in thought, perception, and mood, without causing major disturbances in the autonomic nervous system.
Perceptual alterations can take the form of illusions, synaesthesias, or hallucinations.
Illusion: Misinterpretation of an actual experience
Synaesthesias: Sensory misperceptions (e.g. hearing colour or seeing sounds).
Both require external stimuli for their institution.
Hallucinations differ from them in this important respect, since they are perceptual alterations without any external stimulation.
Lysergic acid diethylamide poisoning - Shaista sumayya
This document provides information about lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) poisoning. It begins with an introduction to hallucinogens and their effects. It then discusses the physical and chemical properties of LSD, its various formulations, modes of intake, and mechanisms of action in the brain. The document outlines the toxicokinetics, clinical features of acute and chronic poisoning, methods of diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Treatment involves supportive care and use of benzodiazepines to decrease sympathomimetic effects, while avoiding restraints or procedures to enhance elimination given LSD's short half-life and minimal medical reactions.
Similar to Hallucination (20)
MAPEH 9 - Health - Drugs of Abuse (The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse)...
MAPEH 9 - Health - Drugs of Abuse (The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse)...
Lysergic acid diethylamide poisoning - Shaista sumayya
Lysergic acid diethylamide poisoning - Shaista sumayya
Recently uploaded
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Hallucination
- 2. is the phenomenon whereby perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real perception where someone sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels things that don't exist outside their mind
- 3. TYPES OF HALLUCINATION CHARACTERISTICS OBSERVABLE BEHAV IOR AUDITORY •Hearing noises or sounds most commonly in the form of voice •Moving eye back and forth as if looking to see who or what is talking VISUAL •Sees a person or object that is not present •Visions can be pleasant or terrifying as in seeing monsters •Suddenly running into another room
- 4. TYPES OF HALLUCINATION CHARACTERISTICS OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR GUSTATORY •Experiences a taste that is not present and frequently is bitter or strong •Spitting out food or a beverage. •Refusing to eat, drink or take medicines TACTILE •Experiences the feeling of a touch. •Feeling electrical sensations coming from the ground, inanimate objects or other people •Slapping self as if putting out a fire
- 5. Drugs which causes hallucinations Drug which alter mood, behavior, thought and perception Psychedelic Psychotogenic Psychotomimetic Synonyms - • Lysergic acid diethylamine • Lysergic acid amide • Psilocybin • Mescaline • Cannabinoids
- 7. How do hallucinogens affect the brain? Interfere with the action of the brain chemical serotonin, which regulates: •mood •sensory perception •sleep •hunger •body temperature •muscle control Interfere with the action of the brain chemical glutamate, which regulates: •pain perception •responses to the environment •emotion •learning and memory Partially work by temporarily disrupting communication between brain chemical systems throughout brain and spinal cord
- 8. LSD •Lysergic acid diethylamine •Most potent hallucinogen •mood-changing chemical •found in the ergot fungus that grows on rye •25-50µg produces all effect • Pharmacology of LSD is indeed quite complex so its mechanisms of action remain unclear
- 9. Lysergic acid amide • Relative of LSD but 10 times less potent •Found in morning glory (Ipomoea violace) seeds
- 10. Psilocybin •Found in Mexican mushroom (Psilocybe mexicana) •also known as Magical mushroom •Mainly interacts with 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes Synonyms • Shrooms • Magic mushrooms • Sacred mushrooms
- 11. Mescaline •From Mexican “Lophophora williamsii” •Low potency hallucinogen •Phenylalkylamine
- 12. Cannabinoids •Found from Cannabis indica •Used in various forms like Bhang – dried leaves Ganja - dried female infloresence Charas – dried resinous extract
- 13. Zmigrod L, Garrison J, Carr J. The neural mechanisms of hallucinations: A quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2016 (69);113– 123 Strassman R. Hallucinogenic Drugs in Psychiatric Research and Treatment: Perspectives and Prospects, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 183, No. 3, pp. 127-138 Kokate C, Purohit A, Gokhale S. Pharmacognosy. Nirali prakashan, 51th ed, pp-451-453
- 14. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2011) Drug Profiles: Hallucinogenic Mushrooms. Available: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug- profiles/mushrooms. Accessed 21th Sep 2016 National Institute on Drug Abuse (2009) DrugFacts: Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP. Available: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/hallucinogen s-lsd-peyote-psilocybin-pcp. Accessed 21th Sep 2016