This document discusses tools and techniques for scaling and root planing. It describes: 1. Different types of instruments used for scaling and root planing including sickle scalers, curettes, ultrasonic and sonic instruments. 2. The differences between universal and area-specific curettes like Gracey curettes, which are designed for specific tooth surfaces. 3. Characteristics of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic devices. 4. The three strokes used in scaling and root planing: assessment, calculus removal, and root debridement strokes.

1. By Muhammad Rafay Imran

2. Scaling and Root Planing : It is non-
surgical periodontal therapy, or deep
cleaning, is the process of removing or
eliminating dental plaque and calculus
which cause inflammation.

3. 1. Sickle Scalers : Used to remove supra
gingival calculus.
2.Currets : Used for sub gingival scaling
and root planning
3.Ultrasonic and sonic instruments : are
used for scaling and cleansing tooth
surfaces.

4.  Universal Curettes : - Have cutting edges that
maybe inserted in most of the areas of the dentition by adapting the
finger rest, fulcrum and hand position of the operator.
Examples of Universal curetts.
- Barnharts Currets
- Columbia Curettes
- Younger-Good Curettes

5. Area Specific Curettes.
Gracey Curettes: are representative of the area specific
curettes.
 Gracey#1-2 and 3-4 : Anterior Teeth
 Gracey#5-6 : Anterior Teeth and premolars
 Gracey#7-8 and 9-10 : Posterior teeth : facial and lingual surface
 Gracey#11-12 : Posterior Teeth : Mesial
 Gracey#13-14: Posterior teeth : Distal

6. Gracey Curette Universal Curette
Area of Use Set of many curettes
designed for specific
areas and surfaces
One Curette designed
for all areas and
surfaces
Cutting Edge One Cutting edge used Both cutting are used
Curvature Curved in two planes Curved in one plane
Blade angle Face of blade beveled at
60 degrees to shank.
Face of blade beveled at
90 degrees to shank.

7. Sonic Instruments : work at a frequency of 2000 to 6500
CPS and use a high or low speed air source from the dental unit. Water is
delivered via the same tubing used to deliver water to a dental handpiece.
Sonic scaler tips are larger and universal in design , sonic scaler tip travels
in an orbital stroke.
Ultrasonic Instruments : It is divided into Magnetostrictive
ultrasonic devices and Piezoelectric ultrasonic devices.

8. Magnetostrictive
Ultrasonic Devices
Piezoelectric
Ultrasonic Devices
1. It works at a frequency range of
18,000 to 50,000 CPS.
It works at frequency range of 18,000
to 50,000 CPS.
2. Tip moves in a orbital stroke
pattern.
Tip moves in a linear pattern.
3. This allows the tip four active
working surfaces.
Giving the tip two active surfaces.

9. -Assessment Stroke (Also known as Exploratory
stroke)
It is used to assess the tooth anatomy , detect plaque , and other
plaque retentive factors. Probes and curets are used.
-Calculus removal Stroke (Also known as scaling
stroke)
It is used to lift calculus deposits off to the tooth surface. Sickle scalers ,
curets and files are used. Moderate presurre is applied.

10. -Root Debriment Stroke (Also known as root
planing stroke)
- It is used to remove residual calculus ; disrupt bacterial plaque from
root surfaces within deep periodontal pockets, curets are used and light
pressure is applied.

11. THANKYOU