This document provides an overview of UTP installation, including rough-in procedures and specifications. It discusses items needed for rough-in like plans, materials lists, and tools. Installation specifications cover standards, placement of raceways and cables, labeling, and testing. Diagrams show outlet types, rack layouts, and bends and clearances. Performance parameters like attenuation, crosstalk, and length are also summarized.

1. Basic Principal of
UTP INSTALLATION
1

2. Rough In
2

3. Rough-in Items
• Installation Specification/Scope of Work
• Plans/Drawings
• Schedule/Bill of Materials
• Installation Tools
• Rough-in Materials
3

4. Installation Specification
• Standards and Specifications
• Raceway capacity, placement and mounting
• Horizontal routing and placement
• Backbone routing and placement
• Cross-connects and terminations
• Cable Management
• Labeling
• Testing
• Documentation
4

5. Floorplan Drawing
5

6. Outlet Elevation Drawing
6

7. Telecommunications Closet Elevation
Drawing
7

8. Rack Elevation Drawing
8

9. Bill of Materials
Mfg. # Description Qty U/M Cost X-Cost
768597-2 4pr CAT 5, plenum 2600 L/ft $0.39 $1014.00
24 port, CAT 5
567409-1 2 EA $250.00 $500.00
Patch Panel
110, CAT 5 48
675675-9 EA $5.00 $240.00
Universal Jack
237898-1 Zipcord M/M Fiber 2000 L/ft $0.90 $1800.00
450989-1 SC Connector 60 EA $7.50 $450.00
9

10. Wall Mount Outlet Box
10

11. Surface Mount Outlet Box
11

12. Raised/Access Floor Mount Box
12

13. Consolidation Point
13

14. Multi-User Outlet
14

15. Rack Spacing & Clearances
32”/
80cm
Rear Rear
6”/
15cm
Front Front
32”/
36”/
80cm
1m
Live Equipment
15

16. Rack Units (U’s)
2U
1U
1.75”
(4.5cm)
3U
16

17. Rack Attachment
17

18. Wall Mount Box
18

19. Rough In Photos
19

20. 20

21. 21

22. Over Hanging Cable Tray (Enclosed) #01
22

23. Over Hanging Cable Tray (Enclosed) #02
Cable Entry
(From Outside)
23

24. 24

25. RISER - Vertical Cable Entry (Floor View)
25

26. RISER - Vertical Cable Entry (Ceiling View)
26

27. Telecommunication Closet Cable Entry
27

28. 28

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31

32. 32

33. 33

34. 34

35. 35

36. 36

37. 37

38. 38

39. 39

40. 40

41. 41

42. 42

43. 43

44. 44

45. 45

46. 46

47. 47

48. 48

49. 49

50. 50

51. 51

52. 52

53. 53

54. 54

55. 55

56. 56

57. 57

58. 58

59. 59

60. 60

61. 61

62. 62

63. 63

64. 64

65. 65

66. 66

67. 67

68. 68

69. 69

70. 70

71. 71

72. Ceiling Grid #01
72

73. Cable Entry in User Room
Cable Penetration Hole
(View from Inside)
73

74. Cable Entry in User Room
Cable Penetration Hole
(View from Inside)
74

75. Perimeter Pathway
Separator
75

76. Perimeter Pathway
76

77. Perimeter Pathway
Electrical Outlet Data Outlet Opening
77

78. Perimeter Pathway
Separation for Electrical and Data Cables
78

79. 79

80. Underfloor Conduits
Cable Entry
80

81. Underfloor Conduits
Cable Outlet
81

82. 82

83. 83

84. 84

85. 85

86. 86

87. 87

88. Ceiling Grid #02
88

89. 89

90. 90

91. 91

92. 92

93. 93

94. 94

95. 95

96. 96

97. 97

98. 98

99. 99

100. 100

101. 101

102. 102

103. 103

104. 104

105. 105

106. 106

107. 107

108. 108

109. Twisted Pair
Cabling System
109

110. Twisted Pair Parameters
• Cable Category and Performance
• Cabling Distance
• Connector Performance
• System Performance
• Performance Testing
110

111. Twisted Pair Category and Transmission
Performance
Media Tested (up to) Typical
Type Bandwidth Utilization
100Ω CAT 3 16 MHz Voice
2-pair
100Ω CAT 5 100 MHz
services
2/4-pair
100Ω CAT 5e 100 MHz
services
2/4-pair
100Ω CAT 6 250 MHz
services
100Ω CAT 7 600 MHz 2/4-pair services,
shielded
150Ω Shielded 300 MHz 2-pair services,
shielded
111

112. Transmission Parameters
• DC Resistance & DC Resistance Unbalance
• Capacitance & Capacitance Unbalance
• Attenuation
• Characteristic Impedance
• Structural Return Loss
• NEXT/FEXT/ELFEXT loss
− Pair to Pair
− Power Sum (CAT 5e & CAT 6)
• Propagation Delay
• Delay Skew (CAT 5e & CAT 6)
112

113. Horizontal Cabling Distance
6m 90 m 3m
113

114. Backbone Cabling Distance
HC/FD 800m MC/CD EP
90m
300m
500m Voice
HC/FD IC/BD
Data
Cross-connect jumpers/patch cables = 20m
Telecommunications equipment cables = 30m
114

115. Connecting Hardware
Attenuation
Return Loss
DC Resistance
NEXT/ FEXT/ELFEXT
Pair-Pair & Power Sum
Propagation Delay & Delay Skew
LCL
115

116. Cabling Practices Affecting Performance
• Connector Termination Practices
− Use proper category of cable and matching components
− Category 5 = < 13mm (0.5”) amount of untwist
− Strip only enough cable jacket as necessary
• Patch Cable and Connector Consistency
− Use of pre-terminated patch cables
• Cable Management Practices
− Eliminate cable stress caused by tension & cinching
− Keep cable bend radii no less than 4 times the cable
diameter
− No more than 30 m or (2) 90º bends in a single conduit pull
116

117. Field Testing Parameters
• Wire Map • ACR
• Length • PSACR
− Propagation • FEXT
Delay
• ELFEXT
− Delay Skew
• PSELFEXT
• Attenuation
• Return Loss
• NEXT
• PSNEXT
117

118. Wire Map
Correct Pairs Reversed Pair Crossed Pairs Split Pairs
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
118

119. Length
• Maximum Link Length
− 90 meters
− plus a maximum of 2 meters of test equipment
patch cords at each end
• Maximum Channel Length
− 100 meters
− including equipment cords and patch cords
119

120. Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP)
The speed at which a signal travels in a cable,
expressed as a percentage of the speed of light in
vacuum.
speed at which pulse travels in cable
NVP = X 100%
speed of light in vacuum
Speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s or 0.3 m/nsec
120

121. Length Calculation
RT_Prop_delay (nsec) x NVP x Speed_of_Light
Length =
2
Example:
measurement of Prop_delay: 435 nsec
NVP (%) Length (ft)
68.5 293.3
69 295.4
69.5 297.6
70 299.7
121

122. Propagation Delay and Delay Skew
Pair 1
Pair 2
NIC HUB
Pair 3
Pair 4
Propagation Delay Delay Skew
Frequency Link Channel Link Channel
1 MHz 541 ns 580 ns 45 ns 50 ns
2 MHz 531 ns 569 ns 45 ns 50 ns
10 MHz 518 ns 555 ns 45 ns 50 ns
100 MHz 510 ns 548 ns 45 ns 50 ns
200 MHz 509 ns 547 ns 45 ns 50 ns
122

123. Traveling signals is like electrons
following a somewhat rocky path
Propagation delay
Electrons travel at approx.
constant speed
(≈ 20 cm or 8” per ns, (max 555 ns
later ..)
1 ns = 0.000 000 0001 s
NVP * speed of light)
123

124. Specifications
Effects of Delay Skew
T1 T2 Fastest
Pair 1
Pair 2
Pair 3
Pair 4
NIC HUB
Slowest
• Skew is the difference in propagation delay between the fastest and
slowest pairs in a cable.
• Proposed requirement: <45 ns @ 100 MHz (Channel)
124

125. But every cable has at least 4
electronic highways
Delay Skew
The length of every electronic
road in a cable is slightly
different because of twist rates (max 50 ns
differences ..)
125

126. Attenuation
dB loss
Transmitted
Signal
NIC HUB
Attenuated
Signal
Calculated Link Attenuation is the sum of the attenuation of:
• cable segment
• all connecting hardware
• 10 m of patch cable for channel
• 4 m of patch cable for link
126

127. There are potholes in the road….
Attenuation
is represented by the
electrons that get stuck
Fewer
electrons
show up!
heat! heat!
127

128. Link Attenuation
Link Attenuation
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
PDAM 3 (Tokyo 92A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9
4.00 4.0 4.8 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.5
8.00 5.7 -- 5.7 5.5 --
10.00 6.3 7.5 6.1 6.3 6.2 5.6
16.00 8.2 9.4 7.8 8.2 7.8 7.1
20.00 9.2 10.5 8.7 9.2 8.8 7.9
25.00 10.3 -- 10.3 9.9 --
31.25 11.5 13.1 11 11.5 11.1 10
62.50 16.7 18.4 16 16.7 16 14.4
100.00 21.6 23.2 20.6 21.6 20.7 18.5
125.00 -- -- -- -- 20.9
155.52 -- -- -- -- 23.6
175.00 -- -- -- -- 25.2
200.00 -- -- -- 30.4 27.1
250.00 -- -- -- -- 30.7
128

129. Channel Attenuation
Channel Attenuation
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
PDAM 3 (Tokyo 92A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 2.5 -- 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.2
4.00 4.5 -- 4.5 4.5 4 4.2
8.00 6.3 -- -- 6.3 5.7 --
10.00 7 -- 7 7 6.3 6.5
16.00 9.2 -- 9.2 9.2 8 8.3
20.00 10.3 -- 10.3 10.3 9 9.3
25.00 11.4 -- -- 11.4 10.1 --
31.25 12.8 -- 12.8 12.8 11.4 11.7
62.50 18.5 -- 18.5 18.5 16.5 16.9
100.00 24 -- 24 24 21.2 21.7
125.00 -- -- -- -- -- 24.5
155.52 -- -- -- -- -- 27.6
175.00 -- -- -- -- -- 29.5
200.00 -- -- -- -- 32.2 31.7
129

130. On top of that: the road is not level
and electrons fly off!
Crosstalk!!
A level problem in the electronic road will cause some electrons to
fall on an adjacent road
130

131. NEXT
Transmitted
Signal
tx rx
NIC HUB
rx tx
Coupled
Noise
• Testing of NEXT shall be performed at both ends
• All pair combinations shall be measured
131

132. Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)
Near End Crosstalk is by the electrons that return back
to the beginning
132

133. Link NEXT
Link NEXT
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
(Tokyo 92A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 60 54.0 61.2 64.2 73.5 72.7
4.00 51.8 45.0 51.8 54.8 64.1 63
8.00 47.1 -- -- 50.0 59.4 --
10.00 45.5 39.0 45.5 48.5 57.8 56.6
16.00 42.3 36.0 42.3 45.2 54.6 53.2
20.00 40.7 35.0 40.7 43.7 53.1 51.6
25.00 39.1 -- -- 42.1 51.5 --
31.25 37.6 32.0 37.6 40.6 50 48.4
62.50 32.7 27.0 32.7 35.7 45.2 43.4
100.00 29.3 24.0 29.3 32.3 41.9 39.9
125.00 -- -- -- -- -- 38.3
155.52 -- -- -- -- -- 36.7
175.00 -- -- -- -- -- 35.8
200.00 -- -- -- -- 36.9 34.8
250.00 -- -- -- -- -- 33.1
133

134. Channel NEXT
Channel NEXT
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
(Tokyo 92A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 60.0 -- 60.3 63.3 72.7 72.7
4.00 50.6 -- 50.6 53.6 63.1 63
8.00 45.6 -- -- 48.6 58.2 --
10.00 44.0 -- 44 47.0 56.6 56.6
16.00 40.6 -- 40.6 43.6 53.2 53.2
20.00 39.0 -- 39 42.0 51.6 51.6
25.00 37.4 -- -- 40.4 50 --
31.25 35.7 -- 35.7 38.7 48.4 48.4
62.50 30.6 -- 30.6 33.6 43.4 43.4
100.00 27.1 -- 27.1 30.1 39.9 39.9
125.00 -- -- -- -- -- 38.3
155.52 -- -- -- -- -- 36.7
175.00 -- -- -- -- -- 35.8
200.00 -- -- -- -- 34.8 34.8
250.00 -- -- -- -- -- 33.1
134

135. FEXT
Transmitted
Signal Attenuated
Signal
tx rx
NIC HUB
rx tx
Coupled
Noise
• Testing of FEXT shall be performed at both ends
• All pair combinations shall be measured
135

136. Far end crosstalk (FEXT)
Far End Crosstalk is by the electrons that continue
to the far end
136

137. Return Loss
-12dBm tx rx -14dBm
• Typically attenuation caused by characteristics
inherent in the cable, such as:
• impedance mismatches
• kinks in the cable
• poor construction
137

138. Specifications
Effects of Return Loss
Reflected Signals
Transmitted Signals Attenuated Signals
Pair 1
Pair 2
Pair 3
Pair 4
NIC Impedance mismatch HUB
or variation
• A measure of the reflected transmit energy caused by impedance mismatches in
the cabling systems
• Especially important in applications that use full duplex transmission schemes
138

139. There are also bumps and dips
in the road: return loss
A bump or dip
causes
some electrons
to go back
139

140. Link Return Loss
Link Return Loss
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
(Orlando 39A) (Orlando 39A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 -- 18.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 19.0
4.00 -- 18.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 19.0
8.00 -- 18.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 19.0
10.00 -- 15.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 19.0
16.00 -- 15.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 19.0
20.00 -- 15.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 19.0
25.00 -- 10.0 16.3 16.3 18.3 18.3
31.25 -- 10.0 15.6 15.6 17.6 17.6
62.50 -- 10.0 13.5 13.5 15.5 15.5
100.00 -- 10.0 12.1 12.1 14.1 14.1
125.00 -- -- -- -- 13.4 13.4
155.52 -- -- -- -- 12.8 12.8
175.00 -- -- -- -- 12.4 12.4
200.00 -- -- -- -- 12 12
250.00 -- -- -- -- 11.3 11.3
140

141. Channel Return Loss
Channel Return Loss
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
(Orlando 39A) (Orlando 39A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 -- -- 17 17 19 19
4.00 -- -- 17 17 19 19
8.00 -- -- 17 17 19 19
10.00 -- -- 17 17 19 19
16.00 -- -- 17 17 19 19
20.00 -- -- 17 17 19 19
25.00 -- -- 16 16 18 18
31.25 -- -- 15.1 15.1 17.1 17.1
62.50 -- -- 12.1 12.1 14.1 14.1
100.00 -- -- 10 10 12 12
125.00 -- -- -- -- 11 11
155.52 -- -- -- -- 10.1 10.1
175.00 -- -- -- -- 9.6 9.6
200.00 -- -- -- -- 9 9
250.00 -- -- -- -- 8 8
141

142. Some electrons may fly into the air and
eventually land on earth!
Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI)!!
Electrons in the air may be picked up by your radio or TV antenna
and cause interference!
142

143. Signal-to-noise ratios (3)
• There are three quantities which affect
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR):
• Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR).
• Equal Level Far End Crosstalk
(ELFEXT).
• Return Loss.
143

144. Signal-to-noise ratio #1: ACR
• Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)
• Applicable to 2-wire pair LAN
applications (10BASE-T, 100BASE-
TX).
• Each wire pair carries signal in one
direction only.
144

145. Characteristics
Effects of ACR
Coupled NEXT Noise
NIC
NIC HUB
Hub
Transmitter Receiver
Receiver Transmitter
Attenuated
Signal Transmitted
Signal
ACR
Attenuated Signal NEXT Noise
145

146. ACR = the traditional SNR
Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.
Noise = NEXT + external noise (ignore external noise).
External
noise
Signal
Transmit Receive
Output Input
Workstation NEXT LAN
Signal equipment
Receive Transmit
Input Output
(For LAN systems with two wire pairs carrying signals
in one direction each.)
146

147. You need more signal (blue,pink) than
NEXT (black) electrons!
Signal
(from remote to local)
Transmit Receive
Output Input
Workstation NEXT NEXT LAN
(local) (remote) equipment
Receive Transmit
Input Output
Signal
(from local to remote)
Look here and here!
147

148. Signal-to-noise ratio (ELFEXT)
• Equal Level Far End Crosstalk
(ELFEXT).
• Applicable to applications where 2 or
more signals travel in the same
direction at the same time (1000BASE-
T).
148

149. Another S/N = ELFEXT
Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.
Noise = FEXT + external noise (ignore external noise).
External
noise
Signal
Transmit Receive
Output Input
FEXT
Workstation LAN
Signal equipment
Transmit Receive
Output
Input
(For LAN systems with two or more wire pairs carrying
signals in the same direction at the same time.)
149

150. You need more signal (blue,pink) than
FEXT (black) electrons!
Signal
(from local to remote)
Transmit Receive
Output Input
FEXT
Workstation LAN
FEXT equipment
Transmit
Output Receive
Input
Signal
(also from local to remote)
Look here!
150

151. Yet another S/N = Return Loss
Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.
Noise = reflected signal in own wire pair
“hybrid” “hybrid”
Signal
Transmit Transmit
Output Output
Workstation LAN
Return loss
(bump in equipment
Receive electronic road) Receive
Input Input
(For LAN systems with a wire pair carrying signals in both
directions at the same time.)
151

152. Yet another S/N = Return Loss
Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.
Noise = reflected signal from own end
“hybrid” “hybrid”
Signal Signal
Transmit Transmit
Output Output
Workstation LAN
equipment
Receive Receive
Input Return loss signal (bump in Input
electronic road)
(For LAN systems with a wire pair carrying signals in both
directions at the same time.)
152

153. Power Sum Performance
Pair-to-pair: Power sum:
Single disturber Multiple disturbers
Single receiver Single receiver
• Power sum performance is the sum of the pair-to-pair
performance of the component or system.
• Power sum NEXT performance should meet or exceed the
existing TIA pair-to-pair NEXT requirements.
153

154. What is “power sum” NEXT and
“power sum” ELFEXT?
• Both are computed values from measured pair to
pair NEXT or ELFEXT results:
− Power Sum NEXT computed from three
pair-to-pair NEXT results
− Power Sum ELFEXT is computed from
three pair-to-pair ELFEXT results
• Often required when more than 2 wire pairs
are transmitting signals in the same direction
(1 Gbps Ethernet).
154

155. When are “power sum” NEXT and “power
sum” ELFEXT needed?
• Often required when more than 2 wire pairs
are transmitting signals in the same direction
(1 Gbps Ethernet).
• Significant if 25-pair cables are used (split up
in six 4-pair links).
• May also be used to reflect crosstalk between
separate 4-pair cables in a cable bundle.
155

156. PS ELFEXT
Near End Far End
x x
x x
NIC HUB
x x
x x
PS ELFEXT = -10log(10-x1/10 + 10-x2/10 + 10-x3/10) dB
156

157. Link PS ELFEXT
Link Power Sum ELFEXT
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
(Tokyo 78A) (Tokyo 92A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 -- -- 57.0 57.0 62.2 61.2
4.00 -- -- 45.0 45.0 50.2 49.1
8.00 -- -- -- 38.9 44.1 --
10.00 -- -- 37.0 37.0 42.2 41.2
16.00 -- -- 32.9 32.9 38.1 37.1
20.00 -- -- 31.0 31.0 36.2 35.1
25.00 -- -- -- 29.0 34.2 --
31.25 -- -- 27.1 27.1 32.2 31.3
62.50 -- -- 21.1 21.1 26.3 25.2
100.00 -- -- 17.0 17.0 22.2 21.2
125.00 -- -- -- -- -- 19.2
155.52 -- -- -- -- -- 17.3
175.00 -- -- -- -- -- 16.3
200.00 -- -- -- -- 16.2 15.1
250.00 -- -- -- -- -- 13.2
157

158. Channel PS ELFEXT
Channel Power Sum ELFEXT
Cat 5 Class D Class D Cat 5E Cat 6 Class E
TSB 67 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC TIA/EIA TIA/EIA ISO/IEC
Specification Oct-95 11801: JTC1 4195-A Draft 3 JTC1
1995(E) SC25 WG3 25-Aug-98 18-Aug-98 SC25 WG3
(Tokyo 78A) (Tokyo 92A)
Freq. (MHz)
1.00 -- -- 54.4 54.4 60.2 60.2
4.00 -- -- 42.4 42.4 48.2 48.2
8.00 -- -- -- 36.3 42.2 --
10.00 -- -- 34.4 34.4 40.2 40.2
16.00 -- -- 30.3 30.3 36.1 36.1
20.00 -- -- 28.4 28.4 34.2 34.2
25.00 -- -- -- 26.4 32.3 --
31.25 -- -- 24.5 24.5 30.3 30.3
62.50 -- -- 18.5 18.5 24.3 24.3
100.00 -- -- 14.4 14.4 20.2 20.2
125.00 -- -- -- -- -- 18.3
155.52 -- -- -- -- -- 16.4
175.00 -- -- -- -- -- 15.4
200.00 -- -- -- -- 14.2 14.2
250.00 -- -- -- -- -- 12.3
158

159. Data Measurement
• Test equipment manufacturer access cords and
adapters should be used in link testing
• User cords should be tested in place for channel
testing, and be used in that channel only
• Any reconfiguration of components must be re-tested
to verify conformance
• Inspect the connecting hardware for wear and tear
resulting from multiple mating cycles
159

160. Data Administration & Reporting
• Pass or Fail result for each parameter should be
determined by comparison with the allowable limits
• Overall Pass is determined by passing all of the individual
tests
• Overall Fail is determined by failing at least one of the
individual tests
• Whether Pass or Fail, pair, frequency and test limit at the
worst-case should be reported
• Pass condition - either the worst-case margin or worse-case
data point should be reported
• Fail condition - the worse-case margin should be reported
− Multiple Fail - the worse-case at the highest frequency point
160

161. Field Testing Parameters Summary
Wire Map
Length
Attenuation
NEXT
Return Loss
ELFEXT
Propagation Delay
Delay Skew
161

162. Troubleshooting Common Faults
Length violation
EMI sources
Bad quality cable
Conductor untwist
Shorts, Opens, Split pairs, Crossed pairs
CAT 5 Return Loss and ELFEXT Failures
162

163. Twisted Pair Summary
• Twisted Pair Cable Categories and Performance
• Cabling Distances
− Horizontal
− Backbone
• Connecting Hardware Specifications
• Factors Affecting Performance
• Field testing requirements of twisted pair cabling
links and channels
• Recognizing, troubleshooting and mitigating
common faults
163