ILRI’s Future in the Emerging Global Context: What are the critical outcomes that ILRI should deliver in the next 5 to 10 years?

ILRI’s Future in the Emerging Global Context
What are the critical outcomes that ILRI should deliver in the next 5 to 10 years?
Jimmy W. Smith
April 11th 2011
Nairobi, Kenya

Presentation Outline
The changing global context
ILRI’s continuing response & deliverables
A bit about me

The Global Context for Livestock
Global Challenges
Livestock Domains
Feeding the world
Climate change
Globalization

Feeding the World
2.5b and 70% more food by 2050
80% from increased productivity
Major role for livestock products
Steadily increasing demand
26% of all protein
Micronutrients
But the role of
livestock is often
not recognized

Feeding the World & REDUCING POVERTY
Livelihood for 1 billion people
75% of the world’s poor involved in livestock
rearing or trading --
a high proportion
of them are women

Climate Change
Impact on poor people’s livestock systems
Cut emissions by 2/3 in 25 years –2 degree track
Livestock part of the problem
18 % of GHG emissions
Livestock part of the solution
soil carbon
Increasing productivity --contributing to two goals

US Dairy: Environmental Indicators
1944 compared with 2007
(per billion kg milk)
Source: J.L. Capper, R.A. Cady and D.E. Bauman, Journal of Animal Science, 2009. 87:2160-2167

Globalization
Winners and losers
Distortions in trade and subsidy policies
Smallholder competitiveness
Zoonotics --movement of people and goods
Land ownership
changes

9
Costs of selected zoonotic disease outbreaks
(1986-2009, $ billion)

Livestock losses by species
Zoonoses
Non-Zoonoses
Total loss:
382‘886 LSUs
Total loss:
379‘327 LSUs
Source: SAFOSO
10

HOW SHOULD ILRI CONTINUE TO RESPOND?

CGIAR’s Research for Development Agenda

The New CGIAR Structure
Global Conference On Agricultural Research For Development (GCARD)
Oversight
Consortium
Fund
Strategy and Results Framework
Funders’ Forum
Board
Management Layer
Independent Science and Partnership Council
Donor Contributions
Research Centers
Fund Council
Performance Agreements
ConsortiumOffice
Fund Office
Bilateral Project Financing

ILRI’s POSTURE in CGIAR Research programs
Major Player
CRP 3.7 -Sustainable food productivity increase for global food security: livestock and fish (ILRI, World Fish)
CRP 4 –Agriculture for improved Nutrition and Health (IFPRI, ILRI)
CRP 7 –Climate Change (CIAT, ILRI, IITA, ICARDA, ICRISAT, CIP)
Minor player
CRP2 -Policies and institutions (IFPRI)
CRP 3.5 -Grain Legumes for enhanced food and feed security (ICRISAT)
CRP1.1 -Integrated agriculture in dry areas (ICARDA)
CRP5 -Water scarcity and land degradation (IWMI)
CRP 3.6 –Dryland Cereals (ICRISAT)

ILRI’s Research for Development Agenda

Annual funding to Livestock in the cgiar in 10 years time
More Realistic: 20% share
Aspiration: 40% share

What Comes out of the Hopper: Decision-making criteria

What would ILRI deliver in next 5-10 years?
Poverty, and food and nutritional security
Technologies and institutions to link smallholder to markets nationally and internationally
Safer livestock products
Gender to the top of the agenda
close the attainment gap between male and female headed farms, and 100 million fewer people will be hungry. FAO State of Food and Agriculture 2010

Reduce risk to livestock and human health
Vaccines, diagnostics and institutional options to protect the assets of the poor
Advance the One Health approach to attain better animal-human-ecosystems health outcomes
Continue to leverage BecA to contribute to livestock productivity, conservation and adaptation, as well as to animal health

Environmental sustainability
Promote Climate Smart Livestock Systems
Technologies that demonstrate sustainable increase in resource use efficiency, reduce the carbon foot print and build resilience
Bring rangelands (especially pastoral systems) into Payment for Environmental Services schemes

What should ILRI deliver?

How Should ILRI work within CGIAR
Upstream research response  GPGs
Anchored in smallholder realities
Leverage relationships within the CRPs and beyond
Strengthen links between science and international development
Revitalize training as part of the research approach
Strategic partnerships to leverage the work of public, private, and civic sectors
Attain wider impacts and outcomes
22

How should ILRI work internally
Stable, longer-term funding
How to measure impact of Livestock research
Get more livestock in the next CGIAR strategy
Continuing education for staff, maintain competitive edge
Capacity building for
Team work
Partnership management
Negotiation
Results-based management

So Why Jimmy Smith?

Familiarity with primary constituencies
Raised on a small farm with mixed crop-livestock system
Clear understanding of NARS, CGIAR, and Regional partner relationships
Served in the CGIAR
Have been a bi-lateral Donor
Agriculture from $50m to $350m annually
CGIAR from $17m to $46m
Serving within a co-sponsor – World Bank
Livestock from $200m to $1.5b
Worked with others to protect investments in the CGIAR
25

PARTING WORDS
Congratulations to Carlos and the Team
Attention to Agriculture -Perhaps a once in a lifetime
Move Livestock up the global agenda
Mobilize resources to respond at scale
Build Partnerships to leverage investments, facilitate uptake and expand our influence.

THANK YOU

Relevant experience
Technical and management education
Diploma in Tropical Ag., Ph.D in Animal Science and MBA equivalent
Private and public sector experience
Worked at national, regional and international levels
Bilateral and multilateral experience as a donor
Worked in or for all developing regions of the world

FUNDING: A MAJOR CHALLENGE
Strengthen priority setting, monitoring and evaluation
An integrated strategy
IMPACT
DG
DISSEMINATION
RESEARCH
FUND RAISING
Non traditional investors: Gates, Google, etc
Private sector : Walmart, Mc Donalds, Nestle
Advocates: Jim Wolfensohn, CEOs of major companies

Gains in meat consumption in developing countries clearly outpaces that of developed countries
Developing
Developed

One Health Approach: the concept
CLIMATE
Ecosphere
Zoosphere
Humans
One Health
Domestic Animals
Wildlife
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Poor households hardest hit – income effect of backyard poultry sales ban in Vietnam

The Mitigation Challenge
Implications for GHG Emission
Chemical N. fert. Product.
On-farm fossil fuel
Deforestation
OM release from ag. soils
Pasture degradation
Processing fossil fuel
Transport fossil fuel
Enteric fermentation
Manure storage/processing
N fertilization
Legume production
Manure storage/processing
Manure spreading
Manure indirect emissions
N2O
Manure 25%
Deforestation34%
CO2
Enteric fermentation26%
CH4

Disease reporting delay-cost of control relationships
Cost of control outbreak
Exposure in humans
Exposure in animals
Clinical signs in humans
Clinical signs in animals
Humans seek medical care
Adapted from IOM (2009)
37

Livestock and Food Supply
Based on FAOSTAT (2005-07 avg.)

Potential for Increased Effectiveness with One Health Approaches?Months elapsed from first outbreak to start of control measures
39
Average: 5.8 months

Impact on International Food Prices (2010=100)
Average of four GCM, A1, A2 ,B1, B2 Scenarios

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ILRI’s Future in the Emerging Global Context: What are the critical outcomes that ILRI should deliver in the next 5 to 10 years?

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ILRI’s Future in the Emerging Global Context: What are the critical outcomes that ILRI should deliver in the next 5 to 10 years? — Presentation Transcript