This document outlines Jimmy W. Smith's presentation on ILRI's future role in the emerging global context. It discusses key global challenges like feeding the world, climate change, and globalization that ILRI should address. Specifically over the next 5-10 years, ILRI should focus on improving smallholder livelihoods and market access, developing climate-smart livestock systems, and applying a One Health approach to advance animal, human and environmental health. ILRI also needs to strengthen its research programs within the CGIAR, leverage partnerships, and secure stable long-term funding to deliver solutions at scale.

1. ILRI’s Future in the Emerging Global Context What are the critical outcomes that ILRI should deliver in the next 5 to 10 years?Jimmy W. SmithApril 11th 2011Nairobi, Kenya

2. Presentation OutlineThe changing global contextILRI’s continuing response & deliverablesA bit about me

3. The Global Context for LivestockGlobal ChallengesLivestock DomainsFeeding the world Climate change Globalization

4. Feeding the World2.5b and 70% more food by 205080% from increased productivityMajor role for livestock productsSteadily increasing demand26% of all proteinMicronutrients But the role of livestock is often not recognized

5. Feeding the World & REDUCING POVERTYLivelihood for 1 billion people75% of the world’s poor involved in livestock rearing or trading --a high proportion of them are women

6. Climate ChangeImpact on poor people’s livestock systemsCut emissions by 2/3 in 25 years –2 degree trackLivestock part of the problem 18 % of GHG emissionsLivestock part of the solution soil carbonIncreasing productivity --contributing to two goals

7. US Dairy: Environmental Indicators1944 compared with 2007(per billion kg milk)Source: J.L. Capper, R.A. Cady and D.E. Bauman, Journal of Animal Science, 2009. 87:2160-2167

8. GlobalizationWinners and losersDistortions in trade and subsidy policiesSmallholder competitivenessZoonotics --movement of people and goods Land ownership changes

9. 9Costs of selected zoonotic disease outbreaks (1986-2009, $ billion)

10. Livestock losses by speciesZoonosesNon-ZoonosesTotal loss: 382‘886 LSUsTotal loss:379‘327 LSUsSource: SAFOSO 10

11. HOW SHOULD ILRI CONTINUE TO RESPOND?

12. CGIAR’s Research for Development Agenda

13. The New CGIAR StructureGlobal Conference On Agricultural Research For Development (GCARD)OversightConsortiumFundStrategy and Results FrameworkFunders’ ForumBoardManagement LayerIndependent Science and Partnership CouncilDonor ContributionsResearch CentersFund CouncilPerformance AgreementsConsortiumOfficeFund OfficeBilateral Project Financing

14. ILRI’s POSTURE in CGIAR Research programsMajor PlayerCRP 3.7 -Sustainable food productivity increase for global food security: livestock and fish (ILRI, World Fish)

15. CRP 4 –Agriculture for improved Nutrition and Health (IFPRI, ILRI)

16. CRP 7 –Climate Change (CIAT, ILRI, IITA, ICARDA, ICRISAT, CIP)Minor player CRP2 -Policies and institutions (IFPRI)

17. CRP 3.5 -Grain Legumes for enhanced food and feed security (ICRISAT)

18. CRP1.1 -Integrated agriculture in dry areas (ICARDA)

19. CRP5 -Water scarcity and land degradation (IWMI)

20. CRP 3.6 –Dryland Cereals (ICRISAT)ILRI’s Research for Development Agenda

21. Annual funding to Livestock in the cgiar in 10 years timeMore Realistic: 20% shareAspiration: 40% share

22. What Comes out of the Hopper: Decision-making criteria

23. What would ILRI deliver in next 5-10 years?Poverty, and food and nutritional securityTechnologies and institutions to link smallholder to markets nationally and internationallySafer livestock productsGender to the top of the agendaclose the attainment gap between male and female headed farms, and 100 million fewer people will be hungry. FAO State of Food and Agriculture 2010

24. What would ILRI deliver in next 5-10 years?Reduce risk to livestock and human healthVaccines, diagnostics and institutional options to protect the assets of the poorAdvance the One Health approach to attain better animal-human-ecosystems health outcomesContinue to leverage BecA to contribute to livestock productivity, conservation and adaptation, as well as to animal health

25. What would ILRI deliver in next 5-10 years?Environmental sustainabilityPromote Climate Smart Livestock Systems Technologies that demonstrate sustainable increase in resource use efficiency, reduce the carbon foot print and build resilience Bring rangelands (especially pastoral systems) into Payment for Environmental Services schemes

26. What should ILRI deliver?

27. How Should ILRI work within CGIAR Upstream research response  GPGsAnchored in smallholder realitiesLeverage relationships within the CRPs and beyondStrengthen links between science and international development Revitalize training as part of the research approach Strategic partnerships to leverage the work of public, private, and civic sectorsAttain wider impacts and outcomes22

28. How should ILRI work internallyStable, longer-term fundingHow to measure impact of Livestock researchGet more livestock in the next CGIAR strategyContinuing education for staff, maintain competitive edgeCapacity building for Team workPartnership managementNegotiationResults-based management

29. So Why Jimmy Smith?

30. Familiarity with primary constituenciesRaised on a small farm with mixed crop-livestock system

31. Clear understanding of NARS, CGIAR, and Regional partner relationships

32. Served in the CGIAR

33. Have been a bi-lateral Donor

34. Agriculture from $50m to $350m annually

35. CGIAR from $17m to $46m

36. Serving within a co-sponsor – World Bank

37. Livestock from $200m to $1.5b

38. Worked with others to protect investments in the CGIAR25

39. PARTING WORDSCongratulations to Carlos and the TeamAttention to Agriculture -Perhaps a once in a lifetimeMove Livestock up the global agendaMobilize resources to respond at scaleBuild Partnerships to leverage investments, facilitate uptake and expand our influence.

40. THANK YOU

42. Relevant experienceTechnical and management educationDiploma in Tropical Ag., Ph.D in Animal Science and MBA equivalentPrivate and public sector experienceWorked at national, regional and international levelsBilateral and multilateral experience as a donor Worked in or for all developing regions of the world

43. FUNDING: A MAJOR CHALLENGEStrengthen priority setting, monitoring and evaluationAn integrated strategyIMPACTDGDISSEMINATIONRESEARCHFUND RAISINGNon traditional investors: Gates, Google, etc

44. Private sector : Walmart, Mc Donalds, Nestle

45. Advocates: Jim Wolfensohn, CEOs of major companies

46. Gains in meat consumption in developing countries clearly outpaces that of developed countriesDevelopingDeveloped

47. Gains in meat consumption in developing countries clearly outpaces that of developed countriesDevelopingDeveloped

48. One Health Approach: the conceptCLIMATEEcosphereZoosphereHumansOne HealthDomestic AnimalsWildlifeECOSYSTEM SERVICES

49. Poor households hardest hit – income effect of backyard poultry sales ban in Vietnam

50. The Mitigation ChallengeImplications for GHG EmissionChemical N. fert. Product.On-farm fossil fuelDeforestationOM release from ag. soilsPasture degradationProcessing fossil fuelTransport fossil fuelEnteric fermentationManure storage/processingN fertilizationLegume productionManure storage/processingManure spreadingManure indirect emissionsN2OManure 25%Deforestation34%CO2Enteric fermentation26%CH4

51. Disease reporting delay-cost of control relationshipsCost of control outbreakExposure in humansExposure in animalsClinical signs in humansClinical signs in animalsHumans seek medical careAdapted from IOM (2009)37

52. Livestock and Food SupplyBased on FAOSTAT (2005-07 avg.)

53. Potential for Increased Effectiveness with One Health Approaches?Months elapsed from first outbreak to start of control measures39Average: 5.8 months

54. Impact on International Food Prices (2010=100) Average of four GCM, A1, A2 ,B1, B2 Scenarios