Total knee replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure to replace the cartilage and bone surfaces of the knee joint. The knee joint is made up of the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella bones. During TKR, the surgeon removes damaged or diseased bone and cartilage and replaces them with prosthetic components. This allows the knee to function smoothly again. Common reasons for TKR include osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. With proper rehabilitation, most patients experience reduced pain and improved mobility following surgery. However, there are risks such as infection, blood clots, and prosthesis failure. With exercise and healthy lifestyle choices, TKR typically provides excellent long-term outcomes.