Knee replacement is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving pain and disability by replacing the knee joint's weight-bearing surfaces, primarily due to osteoarthritis and other knee diseases. The surgery involves removing damaged joint parts and attaching an artificial joint, with recovery times generally ranging from three to five days, leading to significant functional improvement. However, potential risks include infection, blood clots, heart attack, stroke, and nerve damage.

1. Knee Replacement

2. What is Knee Replacement
Knee replacement is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing
surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability. It is most commonly
performed for osteoarthritis, and also
for other knee diseases such as
rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic
arthritis.

3. Your doctor may recommend that you take antibiotics before and after the
surgery to reduce the risk of infection. If you need any major dental work, your
doctor may recommend that you have it done before the surgery. Infections can
spread from other parts of the body, such as the mouth, to the artificial joint and
cause a serious problem.
BEFORE THE PROCEDURE

4. How it is performed

5. HOW IT IS PERFORMED
Once you are under general anaesthesia (meaning you are temporarily put to
sleep) or spinal/epidural anaesthesia (numb below the waist), an 8- to 12-inch cut
is made in the front of the knee. The damaged part of the joint is removed from
the surface of the bones, and the surfaces are then shaped to hold a metal or
plastic artificial joint. The artificial joint is attached to the thigh bone, shin and
knee cap either with cement or a special material. When fit together, the
attached artificial parts form the joint, relying on the surrounding muscles and
ligaments for support and function.

6. Recovery
The average hospital stay after knee joint replacement is usually three to five
days. The vast majority of people who undergo knee joint replacement surgery
have dramatic improvement. This improvement is most notable one month or
more after surgery. The pain caused by the damaged joint is relieved when the
new gliding surface is constructed during surgery. After knee joint replacement,
people are standing and moving the joint the day after surgery. At first, you
may walk with the help of parallel bars, and then a walking device - such as
crutches, walker, or cane - will be used until your knee is able to support your
full body weight. After about six weeks, most people are walking comfortably
with minimal assistance.

7. Potential Risks
As with any surgery, knee replacement surgery carries risks. For knee replacement
surgery, these risks are low. They include:
• Infection
• Blood clots in the leg vein or lungs
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Nerve damage

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