A DETAIL WHAT WE DO DURING TRAINING FOR 2 MONTHS IN AHLUWALIA CONTRACTS INDIA LIMITED GURGAON

1. SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
Vijay Verma
(15001009913), B.Tech (Civil)
Department of civil engineering,
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University
of Science & Technology,
Murthal, Haryana

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Acknowledgement
I feel it a great pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude and profound thanks to my
guide Mr. C S WALIA (VICE PRESIDENT), for her proficient guidance, throughout the
project work.
I would also like to thank Dr. Dhirender shingal. Head of the Department for his support
and encouraging me to make this project a success.
Alongside I would also like to thank all the faculties of Civil Department, DCRUST
MURTHAL for all their valuable assistance in the project work.
I would like to thank the whole team of AHLUWALIA CONTRACTS (INDIA) LTD for
giving us the excellent opportunity to undergo summer internship.
I would also like to thank the entire staff of Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Ltd. working at
the Candor 1, Gurgaon site for being highly supportive and helpful throughout the course of
six week training period.
I would specially like to thank Dr. Virender S. Ahlawat and Dcrust summer internship
committee, for providing me with an excellent opportunity to do my internship, without him
it would have difficult do the summer internship.
My experience of six week internship at Ahluwalia contracts (INDIA) LTD. was very
fruitful. It has been a memorable first brush with the industry.
VIJAY VERMA

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PROJECT DETAIL
1.Name of the Company: AHLUWALIA CONTRACTS INDIA LIMITED
2.Name of the project: CANDOR GURGAON ONE REALTY
PROJECTS PRIVATE LIMITED
3.Location: SECTOR 48, GURGAON
4.Department: QUALITY, EXECUTION, DOCUMENTATION
5.Name of Officers: Mr. C S WALIA (PROJECT IN CHARGE)
Mr. AGAM K JAIN (SENIOR ENGG. T-8)
Mr. VISHAL SHARMA (SENIOR ENGG. T-7)
6.Name of the Client: BROOKFIELD
7.Name of the P MC: SYNERGY INDIA
8.Structural Consultant: DUCON
9.Architect: INCUBIS
10.Name of student: VIJAY VERMA
11.Course : BTECH 4TH
YEAR ROLL NO. 15001009913
Mr. C S WALIA VIJAY VERMA
Project Manager Summer Internship Trainee
ACIL DCRUST MURTHAL
Date: 31st
July 2017

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TABLE OF CONTENT
SECTION CONTENT
Section-1 Introduction
1.1 About the organization
1.2 Safety induction
1.3 Site location
1.4 Form work
Section-2 construction steps of building
2.1 Site clearance
2.2 Surveying and layout
2.3 Excavation
2.4 Foundation
2.5 Concreting
2.6 Wall construction
2.7 Beam & column construction
2.8 Slab construction
Section-3 Materials & equipment
3.1 Material used at site
3.2 Equipment’s used
Section-4 Quality control
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Objective of quality control
4.3 Importance of quality control
4.4 Function of quality control department
4.5 List of equipment
4.6 List of material tested
4.7 Cube testing
4.8 Concrete test
4.9 Quality control in concrete works
4.10 Quality & EHS Policy
Section-5 Contribution
5.1 Reinforcement and casting of slab
5.2 Construction of retaining wall
5.3 Construction of shear wall
5.4 Tremix flooring
5.5 Column reinforcement & concreting
5.6 Leveling
5.7 Layout of block work
5.8 Documentation work
Section-6 Other images
Recommendation
Conclusion

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
Ahluwalia Contracts (india) limited is one of the leading real estate company in India. The
company has completed various projects in both commercial and residential sector. Company
is known for its quality construction, fascinating amenities, state of the art construction ,
after services and many more qualities.
ACIL is founded by Mr. Bikramjit Ahluwila spotting huge opportunity in the real estate
market in India. It’s his vision which leads the company among the various prestigious
builders in India. Housing Complex at Khelgaon (near Akshardham Mandir), New Delhi for
Commonwealth Games 2010 Project, is the example of their work.
ACIL is one of the largest construction organization in India. Many of the country's prized
landmarks its exquisite buildings, tallest structures, largest industrial projects have been built
by it. ACIL shared a very good reputation among the national and international vendor.
ACIL has the resources to execute projects of large magnitude. Head Quarters in Okhla Phase
1 New Delhi, India. In India, 3 Regional Offices and over 130 project sites.

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1.2-SAFETY INDUCTION
Safety is very important part of any work. An induction video was showed which highlighted
the need and importance of safety at construction site. Most accident can be prevented by
taking simple measure or adopting proper working procedure. It is very important to discuss
issues on safety and health that should be paid attention to on construction sites for easy
reference by the workers. If we work carefully and take appropriate safety measure, there will
definitely be fewer work injury cases, and our sites will become a safe and secure place to
work in. it is important to educate everyone in the site regarding safety for following purpose.
 Worker safety
 Construction progress
 Standard procedure
 Legal cases
 Working efficiency
Two standard guidelines are followed for health & environment safety
 ISO 14001-2004
 OHSAS 18001-2007
Precaution at site for safety-
 Wear protective equipment
 Do not drink or take drugs while working
 Pay attention to personal hygiene.
 Do not play in the workplace
 Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe condition.

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1.2.1 Equipment used for safety t construction site-
Helmet Harness
Jacket Net

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1.2.2. Possible types of accidents and ill health
 Construction site fall  Crane Accident
 Scaffolding Accident  Electrical Accident
 Trench collapse  Fires and Explosion
 Structure failure
 Supervisor negligence  Building Collapse
 Compressor Accidents  Punch Press Malfunction
 Gas Explosion During Welding  Exploding Compressor
 Unsafe/Dangerous Equipment
Accident
 Run-Over by Operting Equipment
 Hot work (welding/gas cutting)

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1.3 SITE LOCATION

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1.4 FORM WORK
Formwork is a mould or die used to support or shape the concrete until it attains sufficient
strength to carry its self-weight. Formwork holds the concrete until it hardens to required
shape and size.
1.4.1. Significance of formwork
 Formwork constitutes 30% of cost & 60% of time in concrete construction.
 Quality of concrete finish and soundness of concrete depend very much on type of
formwork system.
 Desired shape of concrete is not possible if formwork is not done properly.
 Formwork should be properly designed fabricated and erected to receive concrete.
 Accident happen because of faulty formwork and scaffolding or staging.
1.4.2. Safety in using formwork-
 Component are light in weight for manual holding.
 Loose or hanging components are minimal.
 Appropriate use of tools.
 Minimum operations are involved in each reuse.

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1.4.3. Types of formwork
 Timber formwork-
Timber for formwork should satisfy the following requirement:
It should be
1. well seasoned
2. light in weight
3. easily workable with nails without splitting
4. free from loose knots
Timber used for shuttering for exposed concrete work should have smooth and even surface
on all faces which come in contact with concrete.
 Plywood formwork-
Resin bonded plywood sheets are attached to timber frames to make up panels of required
sizes. The cost of plywood formwork compares favourably with that of timber shuttering and
it may even prove cheaper in certain cases in view of the following considerations:
1. It is possible to have smooth finish in which case on cost in surface finishing is there.
2. By use of large size panels it is possible to effect saving in the labour cost of fixing and
dismantling.
3. Number of reuses are more as compared with timber shuttering. For estimation purpose,
number of reuses can be taken as 20 to 25.
Component of plywood formwork-
 Wooden Panel
 Spreaders
 Sheathing
 Beller
 Tie nut
 Tie rod
 Braces

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 Steel formwork-
This consist of panels fabricated out of thin steel plates stiffened along the edges by small
steel angles. The panel units can be held together through the use of suitable clamps or bolts
and nuts. The panels can be fabricated in large number in any desired modular shape or size.
Steel forms are largely used in large projects or in situation where large number reuses of the
shuttering is possible. This type of shuttering is considered most suitable for circular or
curved structures.
Steel forms compared with timber formwork:
1. Steel forms are stronger, durable and have longer life than timber formwork and their reuses
are more in number.
2. Steel forms can be installed and dismantled with greater ease and speed.
3. The quality of exposed concrete surface by using steel forms is good and such surfaces need
no further treatment.
4. Steel formwork does not absorb moisture from concrete.
5. Steel formwork does not shrink or warp.
Formwork used at construction site-
FORM WORK ON CONVENTIONAL SLAB

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2 CONSTRUCTION STEPS OF BUILDING
2. 1 SITE CLEARANCE
A no of conditions determine the kind of building that may be erected on a plot of ground.
These conditions determine where on the plot it may be located. There are also covenants that
are legally binding regulations. These may be setting height of building, prohibit utility of
buildings or ban rooftop network towers etc.
Zoning laws regulate the setback and other factors that play into equation of house location a
lot. Septic tanks also require special considerations and a certificate of occupancy is also
required for some loaning and legal processes.
2. 2SURVEYING AND LAYOUT
Survey is the first step done in any construction site so as to get the required level of surface.
It is also used in level transferrin during construction of retaining wall.
Generally at site survey is carried out by following two instruments.
 Total station
 Auto level

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 Total Station A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern
surveying and building construction. The total station is an electronic theodolite
(transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances
from the instrument to a particular point. By this instrument we can measure Angle,
Distance, Coordinate and also Data Processing.
Advantages: The following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the
conventional surveying instruments
1. Field work is carried out very fast.
2. Accuracy of measurement is high.
3. Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
4. Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even corrections for temperature and
pressure are automatically made.
5. Computers can be employed for map making and plotting contour and cross-sections.
Contour intervals and scales can be changed in no time.
TOTAL STATION

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 Auto level- It is a leveling instrument which was on site checking the elevations of
various points. Auto level is a modified form of dumpy level. We used auto level to
transfer the level of ground to retaining wall and setting thickness of slab in which
first of all marking was made to fix the level of particular elevations then casting of
slab was performed.
o Transferring of surface level to retaining wall
1 – Set the auto level at the building floor level.
2 – Level the instrument.
3 – Take the staff reading at point also on floor level surface.
4 – Locate the staff on the formwork of retaining wall and adjust the staff in such a way so
that reading of staff is same as staff reading in step 3.
o Transferring of finish floor level of tremix flooring
1 – Set the auto level at the building floor level.
2 – Level the instrument.
3 – Take the staff reading at different point of floor panel.
4 – Eliminate the error by adjusting the level of channel.
AUTO LEVEL

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2.3 EXCAVATION
Excavation work on the site was being done by the JCB Machines and excavated soil was
transferred using dumpers.
Following measures should be prevented while excavation work.
1-There should be proper timbering while excavation for basement area.
2-Dewatering should be done before construction work.
3-During rainy season excavation work should be avoided.
Excavation of soil for construction
2.4 FOUNDATION
Footings are strips of concrete or filled concrete blocks placed under foundation wall. Gravel
or crushed stone footings may also be used. The purpose of footing is to transfer the loads
safely in the ground.
Generally in high rise buildings three types of footings are provided

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■Isolated Footing-
An isolated footing is used to support the load on a single column. It is usually either square
or rectangular in plan. It represents the simplest, most economical type and most widely used
footing. Whenever possible, square footings are provided so as to reduce the bending
moments and shearing forces at their critical sections. Isolated footings are used in case of
light column loads, when columns are not closely spaced. An isolated footing must, therefore,
be provided by two sets of reinforcement bars placed on top of the other near the bottom of
the footing. In case of property line restrictions, footings may be designed for eccentric
loading or combined footing is used as an alternative to isolated footing.
■Combined footing-
Whenever a column is to be provided near the edge of property and it may not be permissible
to extend the footing beyond a certain limit. In such a case, the load on the footing will be
eccentric and hence this will result in uneven distribution of load to the supporting soil.
Hence, an alternative design would be to provide a common footing to the edge column and
to an interior column close to it. Combined footings under two or more columns are used
under closely spaced, heavily loaded interior columns where individual footings, if they were
provided, would be either very close to each other, or overlap each other. This footing is
called “combined footing”.
ISOLATED FOOTING COMBINED FOOTING

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■Raft footing or Mat footing-
This is a footing that covers the entire area under the structure. This footing is used when
very heavy loads of building are to be transmitted to the underlying soil having very low and
differential bearing capacities. Due to its rigidity, it minimizes differential settlement. There
are several types of raft foundation in use. The most common types are; the flat slab and the
slab-beam types
Raft footings are provided in following cases-
■When the ground water table is high, rafts are often placed over piles to control buoyancy.
■When isolated footings for column overlap on each other.
■When total area of footing slab is more than50% of total area.
■Where underground flooring is required this type of footing is provided and it serves as
footing as well as floor.
RAFT FOOTING

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 PEDSTAL:
A concrete pedestal is a compression element provided to carry the loads from
supported elements like columns, statues etc. to footing below the ground. It is generally
provided below the metal columns. In general pedestal width is greater than its height.
Functions of Concrete Pedestal:
The main functions of pedestal provision are as follows.
 To avoid contact between soil and metal elements or wood elements.
 To offer support for elements at some elevation
 To allow thinner foundation footings.
PEDESTAL FOOTING

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2.5 CONCRETING
After shuttering and scaffolding concreting should be done.
During concreting following equipment’s are used-
■ Concrete mixer.
A concrete mixer (often mistakenly called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously
combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical
concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works
portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction
site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. An alternative to a
machine is mixing concrete by hand. This is usually done in a wheelbarrow; however, several
companies have recently begun to sell modified tarps for this purpose.
■ Concrete pump
A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping. There are
two types of concrete pumps.
 The first type of concrete pump is attached to a truck or longer units are on semi-
trailers. It is known as a boom concrete pump because it uses a remote-
controlled articulating robotic arm (called a boom) to place concrete accurately. Boom
pumps are used on most of the larger construction projects as they are capable of
pumping at very high volumes and because of the labor saving nature of the placing
boom. They are a revolutionary alternative to line-concrete pumps.
 There are also skid mounted and rail mounted concrete pumps, but these are
uncommon and only used on specialized jobsites such as mines and tunnels.

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 The second main type of concrete pump is either mounted on a truck or placed on a
trailer, and it is commonly referred to as a line pump or trailer-mounted concrete
pump. This pump requires steel or flexible concrete placing hoses to be manually
attached to the outlet of the machine. Those hoses are linked together and lead to
wherever the concrete needs to be placed. Line pumps normally pump concrete at
lower volumes than boom pumps and are used for smaller volume concrete placing
applications such as swimming pools, sidewalks, and single family home concrete
slabs and most ground slabs.
■Concrete vibrators
Different types of vibrators are used in concrete compaction for different types of
construction and structural requirements. Since concrete contains particles of different sizes,
the most effective compaction of concrete can be achieved by using vibrators with different
speeds of vibration. Poly-frequency concrete vibrators used for compacting concrete of stiff
consistency are being developed. The vibrators for compacting concrete are manufactured
with frequencies of vibration from 2800 to 15000 rpm.
Different Types of Vibrators for Concrete Compaction:
(i) Immersion or Needle Vibrators:
Immersion or Needle Vibrators are most commonly used vibrator for concrete. It consists
of a steel tube (with one end closed and rounded) having an eccentric vibrating element
inside it. This steel tube called poker is connected to an electric motor or a diesel engine
through a flexible tube. They are available in size varying from 40 to 100 mm diameter.
The diameter of the poker is decided from the consideration of the spacing between the
reinforcing bars in the form-work.
The frequency of vibration varies up to 15000 rpm. However a range between 3000 to 6000
rpm is suggested as a desirable minimum with an acceleration of 4g to 10g.

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The normal radius of action of an immersion vibrator is 0.50 to 1.0m. However, it would be
preferable to immerse the vibrator into concrete at interval of not more than 600mm or 8 to
10 times the diameter of the poker.
The period of vibration required may be of the order of 30 seconds to 2 minute. The concrete
should be placed in layers not more than 600mm high.
Needle vibrator
(ii) External or Shutter Vibrators
These vibrators are clamped rigidly to the form work at the pre-determined points so that the
form and concrete are vibrated. They consume more power for a given compaction effect
than internal vibrators. These vibrators can compact up to 450mm from the face but have to
be moved from one place to another as concrete progresses. These vibrators operate at a
frequency of 3000 to 9000 rpm at an acceleration of 4g.
The external vibrators are more often used for pre-casting of thin in-situ sections of such
shape and thickness as cannot be compacted by internal vibrators.

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External or shutter vibrator
(iii) Surface Vibrators
These are placed directly on the concrete mass. These best suited for compaction of shallow
elements and should not be used when the depth of concrete to be vibrated is more than 250
mm. Very dry mixes can be most effectively compacted with surface vibrators. The surface
vibrators commonly used are pan vibrators and vibrating screeds. The main application of
this type of vibrator is in the compaction of small slabs, not exceeding 150 mm in thickness,
and patching and repair work of pavement slabs. The operating frequency is about 4000 rpm
at an acceleration of 4g to 9g.
Surface vibrator

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During concreting work following instructions should be followed-
■There should be proper compaction of poured concrete.
■There should be spacers to provide cover to reinforcement.
■There should be proper curing of concrete construction.
2.6 WALL CONSTRUCTION
In framed structure generally brick walls are constructed for partition purpose and half brick
walls are made. But at the site no wall was constructed with brick because it was a high rise
building. All the walls were constructed as RCC wall because these acts as a shear wall and
provide horizontal stability to building and reduces the deflection.
Workers at site during forming work for RCC wall construction

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2.7BEAMS AND COLUMNS
In framed structure fixed type beams are constructed. In such type of beams proper
reinforcement should be done for positive as well as negative bending moments.
In such type of structures short columns are constructed with minimum eccentricity. In square
or rectangular shaped columns min. 4 no’s of 12 mm diameter bars must be used and spacing
should not be more than as per code IS 456:2000
Fixed type beam constructed
At site with positive as well as
negative reinforcement.
A view of short column
at site.

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2.8 SLAB CONSRTUCTION
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of
steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick,
are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for
exterior paving. Sometimes these thinner slabs, ranging from 2 inches (51 mm) to 6 inches
(150 mm) thick, are called mud slabs.
Slabs are of following types:
■One way slab-
In one way slab load transfer occurs only in one direction. For one way slab aspect ratio
should be more than or equal to 2. In one way slab reinforcement calculated is provided only
in shorter direction and in other direction distribution steel is provided.
■Two way slab-
In two way slab load transfer occurs in both the directions. For two way slab aspect ratio
should be less than 2. In two way slab reinforcement is provided in both shorter and longer
directions and at the supports negative reinforcement is also provided.
NOTE: In our project CONVENTIONAL SLAB used up to ground floor & PT SLAB
USED up to terrace.

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PT SLAB CONVENTIONAL SLAB
What is post tensioning:
Post tensioning is a technique for reinforcing concrete. Post-tensioning tendons, which are
prestressing steel cables inside plastic ducts or sleeves, are positioned in the forms before the
concrete is placed. Afterwards, once the concrete has gained strength but before the service
loads are applied, the cables are pulled tight, or tensioned, and anchored against the outer
edges of the concrete.
Post-tensioning is a form of prestressing. Prestressing simply means that the steel is stressed
(pulled or tensioned) before the concrete has to support the service loads. Most precast,
prestressed concrete is actually pre-tensioned-the steel is pulled before the concrete is poured.
Post-tensioned concrete means that the concrete is poured and then the tension is applied-but
it is still stressed before the loads are applied so it is still prestressed.

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3 MATERIALS &EQUIPMENT
3.1 MATERIALS USED AT SITE
At the construction site following materials were being used
3.1.1. Cement
The function of cement is to combine with water and to form cement paste. This paste first
sets i.e. it becomes firms and then hardens due to chemical reaction, called hydration,
between the cement and water. On setting & hardening, the cement binds the aggregate
together into a stone like hard mass & thus provides strength, durability & water-tighten to
the concrete. Quality of cement is based on grade of cement. The grades of cement are as-
■33 Grades
■43 Grades
■53 Grades
■At the site Portland cement of 53 grades (ULTRATECH CEMENT) was used.
■The initial setting time of cement = 30 minutes (1/2 hr.)
■The final setting time of cement = 10 hrs.
CEMENT BAGS

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3.1.2. Aggregate-
Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size and shapes. Neat cement is very
rarely used in construction works since it is liable to shrink too much and become cracks on setting.
Moreover, it will be costly to use neat cement in construction work. Therefore cement is mixed with
some inert strong & durable hard materials. They also reduce the cost of concrete because they
are comparative much cheaper as cement.
Types of aggregates:
■Fine Aggregate
■Coarse Aggregate
■Fine aggregate (sand)-
The aggregate, which pass through 4.75 mm, I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 75 micron
(.075mm) I.S. sieve is known as fine aggregate.
JAMNA SAND BADARPUR SAND
Function of fine aggregate-
The function of using fine aggregate in a concrete mix is to fill up the voids existing in the
coarse aggregate and to obtain a dense and strong concrete with less quantity of cement and
increase the workability of the concrete mix.

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■Coarse aggregate-
The aggregate, which pass through 75 mm I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 4.75 I.S. sieve is
known as coarse aggregates.
GRAVEL
Function of coarse aggregate-
Economy is main reason for coarse aggregate selection. You can often save money by
selecting the maximum allowable aggregate size. Using larger coarse aggregate typically
lowers the cost of a concrete mix by reducing cement requirements, the most costly
ingredient.
3.1.3 Reinforcement:
The material that develops a good bond with concrete in order to increase its strength is
called reinforcement. Steel bars are highly strong in tension, shear, bending moment, torsion
and compression.
Hysd bars

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Function of reinforcement-
Reinforcement working as a tension member because concrete is strong in compression and
week in tension so reinforcement resists the tensile stresses in the concrete members. At the
site contractor using the high strength steel bars and T.M.T. (Thermo Mechanically Treated)
bars of diameter 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm, & 32 mm as per requirement of design.
At construction site 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 32 mm, & 40 mm (T.M.T.)
reinforcement bars were being used.
The bars were of grade Fe415 for 8mm and Fe500 for other diameter bars.
NOTE: The main reason of using steel bars in RCC is that, the co-efficient of thermal
expansion of steel bars and concrete is of approximately equal value.
8 mm dia. Lateral stirrup 20 mm dia. Longitudinal bars
(STEEL BARS IN RETAINING WALL) (STEEL BARS PLACED AT SITE)

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3.1.4. AAC BLOCK:
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), also known as autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC),
autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC), autoclaved concrete, cellular concrete, porous
concrete, Air Crete, Hebbel Block, and Y tong is a lightweight, precast, foam concrete.
Unlike most other concrete applications, AAC is produced using no aggregate larger than
sand. Quartz sand, calcites gypsum, lime (mineral) and/or cement and water are used as a
binding agent. Aluminum powder is used at a rate of 0.05%–0.08% by volume (depending on
the pre-specified density). In some countries, like India and China, fly ash generated
from coal fire power plants and having 50-65% silica content is used as an aggregate.
Advantage:
 Improved thermal efficiency reduces the heating and cooling load in buildings.
 Porous structure allows for superior fire resistance.
 Workability allows accurate cutting, which minimizes the generation of solid waste
during use.
 Resource efficiency gives it lower environmental impact in all phases of its life cycle,
from processing of raw materials to the disposal of waste.
 Light weight saves cost & energy in transportation, labor expenses, and increases chances
of survival during seismic activity.
 Larger size blocks leads to faster masonry work.
 Reduces the cost of the project.
 Environmentally friendly.
 Energy savings
AAC BLOCK

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3.1.5 Tendon bar:
A group of strands or wires are placed together to form a prestressing tendon. The
tendons are used in post-tensioned members. The following figure shows the cross section of
a typical tendon. The strands are placed in a duct which may be filled with grout after the
post-tensioning operation is completed.
TENDON BARS
3.1.6 Fly ash-
At the site, a small amount of fly ash was also being used which is produced by burning of
coal in thermal power plants.
The main advantages of using fly ash in building construction are as follows-
■It is free of cost.
■It’s consumption reduces environmental pollution.
■It has a fair quality of bonding properties.
3.1.7 Other material-
 Plywood
 Linseed oil

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3.2-EQUIPMENTS
 Concrete pump
 Rotary mixer for transporting R.M.C.
 Crane
 Ready Mix Concrete mixer
 Chipping machine (Hilti)
 Grinder
 Electrical Panel
 Excavator (JCB MACHINE)
 Hydra
IMAGES OF EQUIPMENTS USED-
CONCRETE PUMP TRANSIT MIXER
TOWER CRANE MONKEY CRANE

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MOBILE CRANE JCB MACHINE
RMC PLANT HILTI
GRINDER HYDRA

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4 QUALITY CONTROL
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Quality control is the part of quality management that ensures products and service comply
with requirements. It is a work method that facilitates the measurement of the quality
characteristics of a unit, compares them with the established standards, and analyses the
differences between the results obtained and the desired results in order to make decisions
which will correct any differences.
Technical specifications define the type of controls that must be carried out to ensure the
construction works are carried out correctly. They include not only products materials, but
also the execution and completion of the works.
4.2 OBJECTIVE
The objectives are as follows:
 To establish standards of quality which are acceptable to the customer and
economical.
 To locate and identify the process faults and defects of products and thus to control
the scrap and wastes.
 To take different measures to improve the standard quality of products.
 To develop quality reputation, this is of prime importance in selling both consumer
and industrial goods.
4.3 IMPORTANCE
 The importance of Quality control can be as follows:
 It increases the profit earning capacity of the business.
 It enables the industry to compete successfully.
 It reduces cost of production
 It improves the product line bottlenecks
 It reduces operation losses by keeping scrap and wastes to a minimum.
 It enhances customer satisfaction.
 It increases the reputation of the industry.

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4.4 FUNCTION
The quality control department:
 Advises on the inspection and quality control policy formulated.
 Sets inspection standards in the light of design-engineering tolerances.
 Prepares department budget requests and controls operating expenses.
 Selects inspection points, including receiving room, department clearance and final
inspections.
 Collaborates with statisticians on choice of types of statistical quality control charts to
be used.
 Generates deviation
 Maintains checklist for every activity.
 Documentation of specification, test reports, checklists etc.
Testing was done on daily basis under client supervision and records were signed daily.
Quality Department also were responsible for site visits daily to inspect the quality of work
on various locations of the site, Transit mixers were dispatched only after consent of the
Quality head and wastage was kept in check, Design Mix was also done frequently for the
purpose of getting high strength concrete.
They were also responsible for notifying the execution department about quality defects.
4.5 LIST OF EQUIPMENT
o Digital Compression testing machine 2000 KN
o Digital Oven
o Digital Sieve Shaker (200mm, 500mm Dia)
o Core Cutter with Rammer
o Sieve Set
o Digital Balance Capacity-15kg
o Hot Plate-1500 watt
o VICAT Apparatus
o Measuring Cylinder
o Flakiness Gauge
o Elongation Index

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COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE
SIEVE SHAKER

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`
DIGITAL OVEN
SLUMP CONE

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VICAT APPARTUS
FLAKIMESS GAUGE

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4.6 LIST OF MATERIAL
SR. NO. MATERIAL LIST OF TESTS
1. Soil Maximum dry density and
optimum moisture content by
proctor test
Field density by core cutter
Specific Gravity
2. Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity
Crushing Value
Impact Test
Flakiness Index
Water Absorption test
Fineness Modulus
3. Fine Aggregate Bulkage
Silt Content
Fineness Modulus
Specific Gravity
4. Concrete Slump Test
Compression Test
5. Concrete Block Dimension
Compressive Strength
Water Absorption
Density Of Block
6. Cement Fineness
Consistency
Intial Setting Time
Final Setting Time
Soundness Test
Compressive Strength

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4.7 CUBE TESTING
Cubes are casted and they are to be tested after 7 days and 28 days.
 After 7 days 70% of the strength has to be obtained and after 28 days 100 % or more
than 100% of the strength has to be obtained.
 There is actually very low chance to break the structure that has been tested because it
has been done only after a very big series of tests and checklists.
 Testing one cube can take a time of 3 minutes.
 Cube testing register is being filled while testing of cubes.

4.8 CONCRETE TEST
 7 days & 28 Days
 Tests performed are as follows
 Slump Test
 Temperature testing
 Cube casting
 1-5 cum – 6 cubes
 5-15 cum – 12 cubes
 15-30 cum - 18 cubes and similarly

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4.9 QUALITY CONTROL IN CONCRETE WORKS
Since concrete keeps a very important place in modern building construction works, so it is
necessary to test and inspection of concrete work at site.
Following points should be kept in mind while concreting.
■There should proper compacting of poured concrete because every 1% void reduce the
strength of concrete by 20%.
■There should be proper curing of concrete work for at least 7to10days because it helps in
gaining the strength.
■Level of formwork should be same throughout the building while casting the slab
■There should be a lab to test the properties of Green Concrete like slump, initial setting
time etc.
■There should be proper portioning of materials while preparing R.M.C.
4.1.1Quality control works in concreting at site
■Needle vibrator was being used for compaction.
■RMC plant was being operated for concrete mixing.
■A lab was established for testing.

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At site a concrete mix design was being followed for exact proportioning which is as
follows-

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4.10 QUALITY & EHS POLICY
At Ahluwalia Contracts, for each project we have a fully equipped laboratory at site under
a senior Quality Control Engineer. Regular inspections and Quality audit are carried out both
at sites and in Head Office for Quality Assurance.
We have been able to achieve construction quality of the highest order in our projects and our
company’s growth bears testimony to our quality standards and our client satisfaction levels.

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5 CONTRIBUTION
5.1REINFORCEMENT AND CASTING OF SLAB
At there I was involved while placement of reinforcement bar for monolithic construction of
concrete slab with beam & PT slab.
BOTOOM REBAR ON CAPITAL IN PT SLAB
REINFORCEMENT IN CONVENTIONAL SLAB

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TENDON & TOP REBAR IN PT SLAB
TENDON AFTER CASTING OF SLAB

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5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALL
■In the retaining wall two sided reinforcement was provided with 16mm steel bars with
200mm c/c spacing.
■The retaining wall was constructed without shear key.
REINFORCEMENT IN RW RETAINING WALL AFTER CASTING

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5.3 CONSTRUCTION OF SHEAR WALL
At the site all the walls were provided with two sided reinforcement and constructed by
concrete which may work as shear wall during earthquake or wind blow. In general buildings
lift pit acts as shear wall and reduces horizontal deflection of building during horizontal
loading.
STARTER & REINFORCEMENT IN SHEAR WALL
SHUTTERING OF SHEAR WALL

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5.4 TREMIX FLOORING
Tremix flooring is a special type of flooring mostly being done in the industrial sector. It
provides better wearing and tearing properties. It is also called VACCUM DEWATERING
FLOORING.
Since the building was also designed for underground parking facility so tremix flooring was
done for this purpose. In this process any type of reinforcement was not provided, only
concreting was done by M25 concrete with required slope.
All Mason tools and tackles required to available at site.
Some special tools required for tremix flooring are as follows-
1. Vacuum de-watering Pump 2. Floater machine
3. Tremix skin 4. Double beam screed vibrator
VACCUM DEWATERING PROCESS

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COMPACTION WITH SURFACE VIBRATOR
FINAL VIEW OF BASEMENT SLAB AFTER TREMIX FLOORING

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5.5 COLUMN REINFORCEMENT AND CONCRETING
STARTER AT COLUMN
REINFORCEMENT IN COLUMN

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SHUTTERING IN COLUMN
CASTED COLUMN

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5.6 LEVELING
Leveling is the measurement of geodetic height using an optical leveling instrument and
a level staff or rod having a numbered scale. Common leveling instruments include the spirit
level, the dumpy level, the digital level, and the laser level. We use auto level for leveling
purpose before tremix flooring.
CALCULATION FOR LEVELING READING AT DIFF. LOCATION

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5.7 LAYOUT OF BLOCKWORK
Layout of a building or a structure shows the plan of its foundation on the ground surface
according to its drawings, so that excavation can be carried out exactly where required and
position and orientation of the building is exactly specified. It is set out according to
foundation plan drawings and specifications provided by the engineer or an architect.
LAYOUT OF BLOCKWORK AT SITE
BLOCK WORL ONWARD LINTEL TOP

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5.8 DOCUMENT WORK
In execution format well defined for done work in systematic way. Following format
generally used at site:
 REQUEST FOR ISPECTION:
It is defined as a check list which is prepared on the basis of finished
product. It is signed by the person (client) who prepare it and the person who receive it.
FORMAT OF RFI

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POUR CARD DAILY PROGRESS REPORT
NEXT DAY PROGRAMME

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SECTION-6
OTHER IMAGES AT CONSTRUCTION SITE
REINFORCEMENT OF STAIRCASE
SCAFFOLDING OF COLUMN

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SHUTTERING OF SLAB
CHIPPING ON CUTOUT

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GLASS LIFTER

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RECOMMENDATION
During my six weeks training In Ahluwalia contracts (india) limited, I totally felt the
commitment and dedication of ACIL management and also engineers towards improvement
at every step. These are some of my observations that may help to further improve the overall
efficiency at site.
 A more transparent system for the important issue of transmittal and receiving of
drawings.
 Proper covering for steel yard to prevent it from corrosion and extreme atmospheric
conditions.
 Inscribing dates on the curing pond for concrete cubes and enhancing ease in taking
them out for testing.
 More enhanced pair of gloves for Reinforcement labor and masons which are able to
withstand high temperatures so that heat does not affect the progress of the site.
 Making available skilled labor force to increase productivity and in turn fastening up
site progress.
 Necessary training to be given each and every official at site and explaining the
making them aware that safety is their concern too, just by increasing number of staff
does not mean eliminating safety threats completely, when each and every one at the
site will be knowledgeable against safety threats then only accidents and unsafe acts
and unsafe conditions can be eliminated totally.
 A proper coordination between the various department should be established.
 Planning should be given more importance as it could save time as well as money.
 Rework should be minimized.

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CONCLUSION
It was a wonderful learning experience at CGORPPL site of “BROOKFIELD” at
sector 48, Gurgaon for the period of six week. I gained a lot of insight regarding
almost every aspect of site. I was given complete exposure in the working of all the
departments at the site and, but I was asked to highlight the areas of Site Progress
monitoring and execution. I was asked to learn each and everything at site. It means
learning on my own and taking help of everyone. I hope this experience will surely be
beneficial for my future and also in shaping my career.