Summer training report on building construction By NAVEEN VERMA

1. A REPORT
ON
SUMMER TRAINING
Starting Date of Training: 16/07/2022
End Date of Training: 16/07/2022
NAVEEN VERMA
198330153
Civil Engineering Final Year
2022-2023
Report Submitted to:
MR. KUNWAR HARIBHANU SINGH YADAV
(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT)

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to UTTAR
PRADESH NIRMAN NIGAM LIMITED for having provided
me with an unbelievable practical learning experience during
the summer internship. It was indeed a pleasure to be a part of
such an organisation.
First and foremost, I would like to thank Mr. SURVESH
KUMAR(Junior Engineer) and special thanks to Mr. MANOJ
KUMAR TANDON(Asst. Engineer), who support me through
inspiring towards this report. He had provided me with nice
practical knowledge.
NAVEEN VERMA
CIVIL ENGINEERIG DEPARTMENT

4. PROJECT DETAILS
NAME OF PROJECT- HOMEIOATHIC HOSPITAL BUILDING
COMPANY NAME- UTTAR PRADESH NIRMAN NIGAM
LOCATION-NEAR ALAMBAG STATION LUCKNOW,UTTAR PRADESH
PROJECT MANAGER- MR. CHANDRA MANI TRIPATHI

5. TYPES OF BUILDING
Buildings are classified on the basis of character of occupancy and type
of use as:
1. Residential Building
2. Educational Building
3. Institutional Building
4. Industrial Building
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:
In such building sleeping accommodation is provided. It includes the
living room, bed room, Kitchen, Hall, toilet and Bath room .It may be
a single storey building or apartments.
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING:
These includes any building using for school, college, assembly for
instruction, or recreation.
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING:
These building are used for different purpose, such as medical or
other treatment or care of a person suffering from a physical and
mental illness. These building includes hospital jail etc.
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING:
These are buildings in which products or materials of all kind of
properties are fabricated, assembled, processed. For example
refineries, gas plant, mills etc.

6. SAFETY INDUCTION
Safety is very important part of any work. An induction video was
showed which highlighted the need and importance of safety at
construction site. Most accidents can be prevented by taking simple
measures or adopting proper working procedures. It is very
important to discuss issues on safety and health that should be paid
attention to on construction sites for easy reference by the workers. If
we work carefully and take appropriate safety measures, there will
definitely be fewer work injury cases, and our sites will become a safe
and secure place to work in. It is important to educate everyone in the
site regarding safety for following purposes.
 Workers safety
 Construction progress
 Standard procedure
 Legal cases
 Working efficiency
 Two standard guidelines are followed for health & environment safety
 ISO 14001-2004
 OHSAS 18001-2007
Precautions at site for safety-

7.  Wear protective equipment
 Do not drink or take drugs while working.
 Pay attention to personal hygiene.
 Do not play in the work place.
 Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe
condition

8. SITE LOCATION
HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL NEAR ALAMBAG METRO STATION,
LUCKNOW
Advantages of this site
Land.
Store.
Parking space.
Health unit.
Transportation facility.

9. OBJECTIVE
The Summer Training Program has mainly two objectives viz.
'Learning New Things' and 'Gaining Practical Experience'. It
helps to get exposure to the environment of the industry
wherein we are to be placed.
This 4 weeks of training also enhances our soft skills and
meeting so many engineers and learning from them. makes us
a confident professional.
It also teaches us the sense of responsibility, taking initiatives,
projecting the innovative ideas and most important
management.
It is also needed for the completion of the bachelor's degree in
the field of Civil Engineering.

10. FORM WORK
Formwork is a mould or die used to support or shape the
concrete until it attains sufficient strength to carry its self-
weight. Formwork holds the concrete until it hardens to
required shape & size.
Significance of formwork
A-Formwork constitutes 30% of cost & 60% of time in concrete
construction.
B-Quality of concrete finish and soundness of concrete depends
very much on type of formwork system.
C-Desired shape of concrete is not possible if formwork is not
done properly. D-Formwork should be properly designed
fabricated and erected to receive concrete.
E-Accident happen because of faulty formwork and scaffolding
or staging.
Safety in using formwork-
A-Components are light in weight for manual holding.
B-Loose or hanging components are minimal.
C-Appropriate use of tools.
D-Minimum operations are involved in each reuse.

11. Types of formwork-
A-wooden:
 Good company ply is used
 Economical
B- Steel Formwok:
 Resusable
 High scrap value
 costly
Wooden Formwork

12. CONSTRUCTION STEPS INVOLVED IN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTIONS
1. Site clearance.
2. Surveying and layout.
3. Excavation
4. Bar binding and positioning of foundation steel.
5. Concreting.
6. wall construction.
7. Beam and Columns.
8. Finishing and whitewashing.
SITE CLEARANCE
A no of conditions determine the kind of building that may be
erected on a plot of ground. These conditions determine where
on the plot it may be located. There are also convenants that are
legally binding regulations. These may be setting height of
building, prohibit utility of buildings or ban rooftop network
towers etc. Zoning laws regulate the setback and other factors
that play into equation of house location a lot. Septic tanks also
require special considerations and a certificate of occupancy is
also required for some loaning and legal processes.
SURVEYING AND LAYOUT
Survey is the first step done in any construction site so as to get
the required level of surface. It is also used in level transferrin
during construction of retaining wall. Generally at site survey
is carried out by following two instruments.
A-Total station

13. B-Auto level
Total Station
A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in
modern surveying and building construction. The total station
is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic
distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the
instrument to a particular point. By this instrument we can
measure Angle, Distance, Coordinate and also Data Processing.
Advantages: The following are some of the major advantages
of using total station over the conventional surveying
instruments
1. Field work is carried out very fast.
2. Accuracy of measurement is high.
3. Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
4. Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even
corrections for temperature and pressure are automatically
made.
5. Computers can be employed for map making and plotting
contour and cross- sections. Contour intervals and scales can be
changed in no time.
B-Auto level-
It is a leveling instrument which was on site checking the
elevations of various points. Auto level is a modified form of
dumpy level. We used auto level to transfer the level of ground
to retaining wall and setting thickness of slab in which first of
all marking was made to fix the level of particular elevations
then casting of slab was performed.

14. EXCAVATION
Excavation work on the site was being done by the JCB
Machines and excavated soil was transferred using dumpers.
Following measures should be prevented while excavation
work.
1-There should be proper timbering while excavation for
basement area.
2-Dewatering should be done before construction work.
3-During rainy season excavation work should be avoided.
Excavation of foundation

15. FOUNDATION
Footings are strips of concrete or filled concrete blocks placed
under foundation wall. Gravel or crushed stone footings may
also be used. The purpose of footing is to transfer the loads
safely in the ground.
Generally in high rise buildings three types of footings are
provided
isolated Footing-
An isolated footing is used to support the load on a single
column. It is usually either square or rectangular in plan. It
represents the simplest, most economical type and most widely
used footing. Whenever possible, square footings are provided
so as to reduce the bending moments and shearing forces
at their critical sections.
Isolated footings are used in case of light column loads, when
columns are not closely spaced. An isolated footing must,
therefore, be provided by two sets of reinforcement bars placed
on top of the other near the bottom of the footing. In case of
property line restrictions, footings may be designed for
eccentric loading or combined footing is used as an alternative
to isolated footing.
Combined footing-
Whenever a column is to be provided near the edge of property
and it may not be permissible to extend the footing beyond a
certain limit. In such a case, the load on the footing will be
eccentric and hence this will result in uneven distribution of
lood to the supporting soil. Hence, an alternative design would

16. be to provide o common footing to the edge column and to an
interior column close to it. Combined footings under two or
more columns are used under closely spaced, heavily loaded
interior columns where individual footings, if they were
provided, would be either very close to each other, or overlap
each other. This footing is called "combined footing".
A view of Isolated and Combined footings at construction site
Isolated Footing
Combined footing

17. Raft footing or Mat footing-
This is a footing that covers the entire area under the structure.
This footing is used when very heavy loads of building are to
be transmitted to the underlying soil having very low and
differential bearing capacities. Due to its rigidity, it minimizes
differential settlement. There are several types of raft
foundation in use. The most common types are; the flat slab
and the slab-beam types
Raft footings are provided in following cases-
 When the ground water table is high, rafts are often placed over
piles to control buoyancy.
 When isolated footings for column overlap on each other.
 When total area of footing slab is more than 50% of total area.
Where underground flooring is required this type of footing is
provided and itserves as footing as well as floor.

18. CONCRETING
Concreting
Mixing

19. WALL CONSTRUCTION
In framed structure generally brick walls are constructed for
partition purpose and half brick walls are made. But at the site
no wall was constructed with brick because it was a high rise
building. All the walls were constructed as RCC wall because
these acts as a shear wall and provide horizontal stability to
building and reduces the deflection.
Masonry work

20. BEAM AND COLUMNS
In framed structure fixed type beams are constructed. In such
type of beams proper reinforcement should be done for
positive as well as negative bending moments. In such type of
structures short columns are constructed with minimum
eccentricity. In square or rectangular shaped columns min. 4
no's of 12 mm diameter bars must be used and spacing should
not be more than as per code IS 456:2000.
Any structural component that transmits a compressive force
parallel through its centre
Typically support beams and other column
Generally vertical supports of building Can be vertical,
horizontal, or diagonal
BEAM
COLUMN
SLAB

21. Slabs are of following types-
One way slab-
In one way slab load transfer occurs only in one direction. For
one way slab aspect ratio should be more than or equal to 2. In
one way slab reinforcement calculated is provided only in
shorter direction and in other direction distribution steel is
provided.
Two way slab-
In two way slab load transfer occurs in both the directions. For
two way slab aspect ratio should be less than 2. In two way slab
reinforcement is provided in both shorter and longer directions
and at the supports negative reinforcement is also provided.
Detailing of reinforcement in two way slab is as following

22. MATERIALS
MATERIALS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION AT SITE
At the construction site following materials were being used
Cement
The function of cement is to combine with water and to form
cement paste. This paste first sets i.e. it becomes firms and then
hardens due to chemical reaction, called hydration, between
the cement and water. On setting & hardening, the cement
binds the aggregate together into a stone like hard mass & thus
provides strength, durability & water-tighten to the concrete.
Quality of cement is based on grade of cement. The grades of
cement are as-
33 Grades
43 Grades
53 Grades
At the site Portland cement of 53 grades (ULTRATECH
CEMENT) was used.
The initial setting time of cement = 30 minutes (1/2 hr.)
The final setting time of cement = 10 hrs.
Aggregate-
Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size
and shapes. Neat cement is very rarely used in construction
works since it is liable to shrink too much and become cracks
on setting. Moreover, it will be costly to use neat cement

23. in construction work. Therefore cement is mixed with some
inert strong & durable hard materials.
They also reduce the cost of concrete because they are
comparative much cheaper as cement.
Types of aggregates:
■Fine Aggregate
■Coarse Aggregate
■Fine aggregate (sand)-
The aggregate, which pass through 4.75 mm, 1.S. sieve and
entirely retain on 75micron (.075mm) 1.S. sieve is known
as fine aggregate.
The function of using fine aggregate in a concrete mix is to fill
up the voids existing in the coarse aggregate and to obtain a
dense and strong concrete with less quantity of cement and
increase the workability of the concrete mix.
Coarse aggregate-

24. The aggregate, which pass through 75 mm 1.5. sieve and
entirely retain on 4.75 I.S. sieve is known as coarse aggregates.
Water-
It is an important ingredient of concrete because it combines
with cement and forms a binding paste.
The paste thus formed fills up the voids of the sand and coarse
aggregate bringing them into close adhesion.
Reinforcement
8mm dia lateral ties 25mm dia longitudinal bar
The material that develops a good bond with concrete in order
to increase its strength is called reinforcement. Steel bars are
highly strong in tension, shear, bending moment, torsion and
compression.
Function of reinforcement-

25. Reinforcement working as a tension member because concrete
is strong in compression and week in tension so reinforcement
resists the tensile stresses in the concrete members. At the site
contractor using the high strength steel bars and T.M.T.
(Thermo Mechanically Treated) bars of diameter 8 mm, 10 mm,
16 mm, & 32 mm as per requirement of design. At construction
site 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm, & 32 mm (T.M.T.) reinforcement
bars were being used.
The bars were of grade Fe415 for 8mm and Fe500 for other
diameter bars. The bars were of brand SHYAM STEEL BAR
Fe500 HYSD BAR
The main reason of using steel bars in RCC is that, the
coefficients of thermal expansion of steel bars and concrete is
of approximately equal value.

26. Fly ash-
At the site, a small amount of fly ash was also being used
which is produced by burning of coal in thermal power plants.
The main advantages of using fly ash in building construction
are as follows-
1. it is free of cost.
2. It's consumption reduces environmental pollution.
3. it has a fair quality of bonding properties.
Admixtures-
Admixtures are generally used to affect workability of concrete
mix and to reduce water content. Admixtures also increases the
target mean strength of concrete
At the site HYPERPLAST PC-711 (MADE BY-DON
CHEMICALS) admixture was being used to increase
workability and to reduce quantity of water in concrete mix.