education and multimedia

1. àm. {demb Amhoa
~hþ‘mܶ‘ V§ÌkmZ Am{U {ejU

2. àmñVm{dH$
 1990 Mo XeH$ {ejU joÌmV A˶§V H«$m§{VH$maH$ R>abo, H$maU ¶m XeH$mV
g§JUH$mÀ¶m joÌmV A‘wbmJ« ~Xb hmoCZ g§JUH$mMo nwduMo Q>o³ñQ> Amo[aE§Q>oS> ñdê$n
OmCZ ˶mMr OmJm ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mZo KoVbr. {ejUmVrb à˶oH$ KQ>H$mda ˶mMm à^md
nS>bm, e¡j{UH$ C[ÔîQ>o, Aܶ¶Z nX²YVr, Aä¶mgH«$‘, Ame¶ gmXarH$aU, AܶmnZ
nX²YVr, kmZmMr aMZm, kmZmMo g§JR>Z, kmZmMo EH$mpË‘H$aU Aem AZoH$ ~m~tda
˶mMm à^md nS>bm; ˶m‘wio e¡j{UH$ joÌmV Zd{dMmam§Zm MmbZm {‘imbr.

3. ~hþ‘mܶ‘o åhUOo H$m¶?
 ~hþ‘mܶ‘o ¶mg B§J«OrV multimedia Ago åhUVmV multimedia hm eãX
multi+ media ¶m XmoZ eãXm§Zr {‘iyZ V¶ma Pmbm Amho. ¶mVrb multi ¶mMm
AW© AZoH$ Agm hmoVmo. media hm eãX medium ¶m eãXmMo AZoH$ dMZ
Amho. medium hm eãX gmR>{dUo, g§H«${‘V H$aUo, g§dmX gmYZo, gmXarH$aU
H$aUo, nwZ©gmXarH$aU H$aUo ¶m g§X^m©Zo dmnabm OmVmo. VgoM medium hm eãX
AmH¥$˶m, {MÌo, A°{Z‘oeZ, Q>o³ñQ>, Am°{S>Amo, pìh{S>Amo, ¶mg§X^m©V dmnabm OmVmo,
AWm©VM AmnUmg bjmV ¶oBb H$s multimedia ¶mMm AW© g§dmX à^mdr
hmoʶmÀ¶m ÑpîQ>H$moUmVyZ EH$mnojm A{YH$ ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna H$aUo hmo¶.

4. ~hþ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m ì¶m»¶m
 According to Vaughan “multimedia is any combination of
text, sound, animation and video delivered by computer or
other electronic or digitally manipulated means. It is a woven
combination of digitally manipulated text, photographs,
graphic art, sound, animation,

and video elements.” (Vaughan 2008)VgoM An introduction
to multimedia ¶m J«§WmV Qr>. E‘. g§odO Am{U Ho$. B. ìhmoJob ¶m§Zr
~hw‘mܶ‘mMr nyT>rbà‘mUo ì¶m»¶m Ho$br Amho - ""multimedia as
defined as the devolapment, integration and delivery of any
combination of text, graphics, animation, sound or video
through a digital processing.''

5.  1970-80 n¶ªV ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m åhUOo g§M, {dX¶m϶mªMo EImXo nwñVH$, {ejH$mMr
‘mJ©X{e©H$m, {’$ë‘ ñQ>—rßg, Am°{S>Amo Q>oßg, Am{U {MÌm§{H$V ñbmBS> hmo˶m. ˶m H$mimV
Q>o³ñQ>, {MÌo, gmC§S> B. CnbãY hmoVo. ‘mÌ Ë¶mMm EH${ÌV dmna Ho$bm OmV Zgo. 1990
Z§Va ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mÀ¶m CX¶m‘wio {d{dY ‘mܶ‘m§Mm EH${ÌV dmna H$aVm ¶oUo e³¶
Pmbo ˶m‘wio Aܶ¶Z AܶmnZ à{H«$¶oV Am‘wbmJ« ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUbm.

6. TEXT DATA
IMAGES
AUDIO
VIDEO CLIPART
GRAPHICS ANIMATION
MULTIMEDIA
~hþ‘mܶ‘mMo KQ>H$

7. ~hþ‘mܶ‘ {Z{‘©VrMo Q>ßno
 ~hw‘mܶ‘mMr {Z{‘©Vr EH$ AmìhmZmË‘H$ H$m¶© AgVo, ho H$m¶© nyU© H$aʶmgmR>r
nwT>rb nm¶è¶m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo.
 Conceptual Analysis and Planning
~hw‘mܶ‘mMr gwê$dmV EImX¶m H$ënZoZo hmoVo, ˶m g§H$ënZoda AmYm[aV
~hw‘mܶ‘mMr {Z{‘©Vr H$aʶmg§X^m©Vrb àmW{‘H$ ~m~tMr MMm© ¶m Q>ß߶mda
Ho$br OmVo.~hÿ‘mܶ‘mgmR>r bmJUmam Ame¶, ~hÿ‘mܶ‘ {Z{‘©VrMr C{X²XîQ>o,
˶mgmR>r bmJUmam doi, n¡gm, CnbãY gm{h˶Amdí¶H$ AgUmao V§Ìk B.
~m~tMm {dMma ¶m nmVirda Ho$bm OmVmo.

8.  Project design
 àH$ënmÀ¶m àmW{‘H$ MM}Z§VaMr nm¶ar åhUOo àH$ënmMr gw¶mo½¶ AmIUr H$aUo hmo¶. ¶m nmVirda
O~m~Xmè¶m§Mo {d^mOZ Ho$bo OmVo. àH$ënmMr boIr ñdê$nmV ‘m§S>Ur Ho$br OmVo. H$m¶©nX²YVr {ZpíMV Ho$br
OmVo.doi d bmJUmam n¡gm ¶mMr {ZpíMV gm§JS> KmVbr OmVo.lmooVm dm J«mhH$ dJm©Mr {ZpíMVr Ho$br OmVo VgoM
àH$ënmÀ¶m ‘¶m©Xm Am{U ep³VñWmZo ¶m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo.
 Budgeting
 ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m {Z{‘©VrgmR>r bmJUmam EHy$U IM© ¶m nmVirda Vn[ebdma ‘m§S>bm OmVmo. am°¶ëQ>r,
H$m¶XoeranUm, gm{h˶gm‘yJ«r, àdmg IM©,B.
 Multimedia Production Team
 ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m {Z{‘©VrgmR>r AZoH$ VÌkm§Mr JaO ^mgVo. ˶m§Mr {ZdS> d ˶m§À¶mdarb O~mXmar¨Mr {ZpíMVr
Ho$br OmVo. CXm. Q>o³ñQ> E{S>Q>a, pñH«$ßQ> amB©Q>a, ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m Am{H©$Q>o³Q>, H$å߶wQ>a VÁk B.
 Hardware/Software Selection
 ‘{ëQ>{‘{S>¶m {Z{‘©VrgmR>r AZoH$ àH$maÀ¶m gm°âQ>doAa d hmS>©doAaMr JaO ^mgVo à˶oH$ nmVirda bmJUmè¶m
CnH$aUm§Mr {ZpíMVr ¶m nmVirda Ho$br OmVo

9.  Defining the Content
Ame¶mÀ¶m ñdê$nmdaM ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mMr {Z{‘Vu Adb§~yZ AgVo. Ame¶mÀ¶m AZwf§JmZo
‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m Am{Q>©ñQ> ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m V¶ma H$aʶmMo H$m¶© H$aV AgVmo.
 Preparing the structure
¶m nmVirda Q>mB‘bmB©ZÀ¶m AmYmao ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mMr aMZm H$aʶmMo H$m¶© Ho$bo OmVo.
à˶oH$ nmVirda H¥$Vr d doi ¶m§Mr {ZpíMVr Ho$br OmVo.
 Multimedia Production Team
‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m {Z{‘©VrgmR>r AZoH$ VÌkm§Mr JaO ^mgVo. ˶m§Mr {ZdS> d ˶m§À¶mdarb
O~mXmar¨Mr {ZpíMVr Ho$br OmVo. CXm. Q>o³ñQ> E{S>Q>a, pñH«$ßQ> amB©Q>a, ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶m
Am{H©$Q>o³Q>, H$å߶wQ>a VÁk B.
 Production
V¶ma Ho$boë¶m aMZoà‘mUo ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mMr H$mQ>oH$moanUo {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br OmVo. gmC§S>
aoH$m°{S>ªJ, B§Q>a’o$g {S>PmBZ, S>oìhbn‘|Q> Am°’$ A°{Z‘oeZ, H§$Q>|Q> [agM© Aem {d{dY
Q>ß߶mÛmao ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mMr à˶j {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br OmVo.

10.  Testing
 ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mMr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$ë¶mZ§Va à˶j dmna H$ê$Z ˶mMr ¶mo½¶Vm Vnmgbr
OmVo. VgoM ˶m‘ܶo ¶mo½¶ Vo ~Xb Ho$bo OmVmV.
 Documentation
gm°âQ>doAa Am{U hmS>©doAagmR>r Amdí¶H$ AgUmar ‘m{hVr EH${ÌV H$ê$Z
A°pßbHo$eZ‘ܶo BÝñQ>m°b Ho$br OmVo.
 Delivering the Multimedia Product
V¶ma Ho$boë¶m ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mMo à˶jnUo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo OmVo. ˶mgmR>r
gr.S>r. amo‘, {S>pìhS>r, B§Q>aZoQ> Aem {d{dY ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
Aem àH$mao ‘pëQ>{‘{S>¶mMr {d{dY nmVi¶m§da H$miOr nyd©H$ {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br
OmVo.

11. ~hþ‘mܶ‘ ’$m¶Xo
 A°{Z‘oeZ‘wio {dX¶m϶m©Vrb Am§VaqH«$¶§mZm MmbZm {‘iVo.
 pìh[S>Amo‘wio {dX¶m϶mªMr H$ënZme³Vr dmT>Vo.
 ~hþ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m dmnam‘wio {dX¶m϶mªZm {d{dY g§H$ënZm§Mo ¶Wm¶mo½¶ AmH$bZ hmoVo.
 B©-b{ZªJ, do~ ~ogS²> b{ZªJ, ~hþ‘mܶ‘m§Ûmao Aܶ¶Z B. ~m~r g‘OVmV.
 ~hþ‘mܶ‘m§Ûmao {dX¶m϶mªMo Aܶ¶Z d AܶmnZ ApYH$ n[aUm‘H$maH$ hmoVo.
 ~hþ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m dmnam‘wio {dX¶m϶mª‘ܶo EImX¶m {df¶m~X²Xb A{^ê$Mr {Z‘m©U hmoVo.
 ~hþ‘mܶ‘m§Mm B{Vhmg Aܶ¶Z d AܶmnZmV dmna Ho$ë¶m‘wio {dX¶m϶mªMo H$mbkmZ
Mm§Jbo {dH${gV hmoVo.
 ~hþ‘mܶ‘ g§Mm‘wio Aܶ¶Z d AܶmnZmV gwb^Vm ¶oVo.
 ~hþ‘mܶ‘m§‘yio {dX¶m϶mªMo AdYmZ H|$ÐrV H$aVm ¶oVo, ˶m‘wio {dX¶m϶mªMo AmH$bZ
Mm§Jbo hmoVo.
 {dX¶m϶mªZm ˶m§Mo kmZ ¶mo½¶ nX²YVrZo gmXa H$aʶmMr g§Yr {‘iVo.
 Aܶ¶Z d AܶmnZ n[aUm‘H$maH$[a˶m hmoVo.