Pawari boli पवारी बोली.

1. ndma g_mO
ndma Om{V H$m bmoH$ _hmamï— _m {dX^© joÌ H$mo Jmo§{X`m, ^§S>mam, ZmJnwa AZm dYm© VgmoM _Ü`àXoe H$mo _hmH$m¡eb joÌ H$mo
~mbmKmQ>, {gdZr, {N§>Xdm‹S>m AZm ~¡Vwb {Obm H$mo Jmd-BZ_m {nT>rZ{nT>r aø aøm goVr. D$ZH$mo _w»` Y§Xm IoVr ~m‹S>r go. AmYw{ZH$
H$mb _m {ejU AZm CÚmoJ Y§Xm H$mo à{ejU bo`H$U Zdr {nT>r H$m bmoH$ _moR>mo à_mU _m Zm¡H$ar, ì`mnma, CÚmoJ _m Ow‹S>H$Z
_hmamï—, _Ü`àXoe, N>ÎmrgJ‹T> AZm ^maV^a H$mo eha-BZ_m aìhZ b½`m goVr. ~¡ZJ§Jm joÌr` ndma-BZbm ~¡ZJ§Jm-VQ>r`
ndma/n§dma/nmodma AZm dYm© joÌr` ndma-BZbm dYm©-VQ>r` ndma /^mo`a ndma/^mo`a Zmd-BZbH$ ~r AmoaI§ goVr. CZH$r
Amnbr ñdV§V ~mobr go OoH$mo _mÜ`_ bH$ E bmoH$ Am{XH$mb nmgwZ ~mob§ goVr& `m CZH$r _m`~mobr/_mV¥^mfm Am`. _m`~mobr na
~mobZ H$mo n`bo Am_r H$moZ? Am_am Hw$bXodrXodVm H$moZ? Am_amo Om{V H$mo CÒ_/CËnpÎm, d¡^d, AZm {dñVma, ñWbm§Va BË`mXr
OmZZmo Oéar go.
ndma CËnpÎm na Imë`m na_mZo _m{hVr {_b§ go -
1. n{hbmo _V - H${d nÙJwá na_ma amOm _w§O (974-995 B©ñdr) H$mo amOH${d hmoVmo. dmoZ§ "Zdghem§H$ M{aV' J«§W _m {b{Igog
H$r Am~w nd©V na d{eï G${f H$mo Aml_ hmoVmo. dmoH$mo Aml_ _m Omo Mmhmo D$ XoZodmbr EH$ Z§{XZr (H$m_YoZw) Jm` hmoVr. dmobm EH$
{Xdg {dœm{_Ì G${f Z§ Mwam`H$Z Amnbmo Aml_ bo JBg. H$mhr H$ao dmng H$ao Zm! V~§ d{eð Z Ap¾Hw$§S> _m Amhw{V AZm _§ÌmonMma
bH$ EH$ eya~ra CËnÞ H${ag. dmoZ§ {dœm{_Ì H$r goZm{gZ b‹S>mB© b‹S>H$a Z§{XZr Nw>S>mBg AZm d{eð H$mo ñdmYrZ H${ag. d{eð Z§
àgÞ hmo`H$Z dmoH$mo 'à_a' Zm_H$aU H${ag AZm AMbJT> H$r M§ÐmdVr amOYmZrbH$ _mbd Xoe na amO H$aZ dmoH$mo amO{VbH$
H${ag. `m H$hmZr ^moO (1000-1055 B©ñdr)H$mo H${d YZnmb Z§ {VbH$_§Oar J«§W _m XwhamB© gog-
dm{fð¡g_ H¥$Vñ_`mo ~ae¡VañË`p¾Hw$ÊS>moÐdmo&
^ynmb… na_ma BË`m{^K`m»`mVmo _{h_ÊS>bo&&
AÚmî`wX& adhf©J½XX{Jamo Jm`pÝV `ñ`m~w©Xo&
{dœm{_ÌO`mopÁOVñ` ^wO`mo{dñ$O©V JwO©am…&&
(History of the Parmara, Dr. D.K. Seth, pp3).
na_ma CËnpÎm H$r AgrM H$hmZr CX`nwa AZm Xwgamo {ebmboI BZ_m {_b§ go (na_ma A{^boI S>m°. A_aM§X {_Îmb, 1979).
2. Xwgamo _V - H${d M§X {~aXmB© Z§ "n¥ÏdramO amgmo' J«§W _m {b{Igog H$r _h{f© naewam_ Z Amnbmo _m` "aoUwH$m Xodr" H$ZbH$ O~§
_mbw_ ^`mo H$r dmoH$mo {nVm _h{f© O_Xp¾ H$mo {ga amOm ghñÌ~mhw AOw©Z H$mo Qw>amB©ZÛmam H$mQ> Q>m{H$Z V~§ naewam_ Z§ AmH«$_U
H$añ`mZr g~ jpÌ` BZH$mo dYH$añ`mZr CZH$mo IyZbH$ nm§M Vma-gamoda ^{ag AZm n¥Ïdr jpÌ` {dhrZ H$a Q>m{H$g. n¥pÏd H$í`n
_wZr bm XoI^mb gmVr gmon XoBg. H$í`n _w{Z Z§ gj_ jpÌ` H$r CËnpÎm H$mo {Oå_m d{eð _wZr na gmo{ng. B©gmnyd© 2500 gmb
n{hbo Am~w nd©V na Ap¾Hw$§S> ñWm{nV H$a d¡{XH$ {d{Y{dYmZbH$ `k H$aod J`od AZm Ap¾Hw$§S> H$r Ap¾_mbH$ EH$ eyadra gmH$ma
^`od, dmoH$mo Zmd "à_ma (na_ma)" Ro>`od J`od. dmobm M§ÐmdVr H$r Jm{Xna ~gm`H$a _mbd Xoe H$mo amÁ` amO H$aZ Xo`od J`od.
3. {Vgamo _V -
{dÝXwgmañVVmo@^dVw&
{nVwñVwë`§ H¥$V amÁ`_emoH$ñVZ_mo@^dV²&&44&&
EVpñ_ÞoV H$mboVwH$Ý`Hw$ãOmopÛOmoÎm_…&
Ady©X§ {eIa§ àmß` ~«§÷mhm__Wmo H$amo‹S>&&45&&
doX_§Ì à^mddmƒOmVmüËdm{a jpÌ`…&
à_añgm_doXrb M Mnhm{ZO©`w{d©X…&&46&&
pÌdoXr My VWm ewŠbmoWdm© g n{ahmaH$… &
EoamdVHw$bo OmVmÝJOmZm éhË`o n¥WH$&&47&&
^{dî` nwamU AZwgma - g_«mQ> {~§Xwgma H$mo nwÌ g_«mQ> AemoH$ Ûmam Vw$mZr ~m¡Õ Y_mªVaUbH$ Agr n{apñW{V {Z_m©U ^B© {H$ {h§Xw
amOm Zhr ~À`m V~§ H$mÝ`Hw$ãO àXoe H$ ~«m÷UBZZ§ Am~y nd©V na Ap¾Hw$§S> ~Zm`H$Z ~«÷ hmo_ (`k) H${aZ AZm _§ÌmonMma bH$
Mma dranwéf gmH$ma H${aZ - gm_doXr _§ÌBZbH$ à_a, `Owd}X _§ÌBZbH$ MìhmU, n{ahma AZm MmbwŠ`/gmob§H$r. E Mmahr A[¾
Hw$brZ jpÌ`/amOnyV _whwZ OJ à{gÕ ^`m. à_a _hmnwéf bm _mbd Xoe H$mo amOm ~Zm`mo J`mo. XeaW e_m© H$r {H$Vm~ "n§dma
d§e" _m `m KQ>Zm AemoH$ ànm¡Ì H$mb, 232-215 B©gmnyd© H$r Am`.
4. MdWmo _V - A~wb $Ob Z§ "AmB©Zo AH$~ar' J«§W {bIrgog& dmoH$mo AZwgma H${a~Z 761 B©gmnyd© ~m¡ÕY_© H$mo A§YmYw§X
Y_mªVaU H$maU bH$ n¥Ïdr {Z…jpÌ` ^` J`r. AË`mMma ~T>Z b½`m. {h§Xy ny§OmnmR> na ~§Xr AmB©. H$mo{Zbm hmV _m eñÌ CR>mdZ H$r
nadmZJr ZmohmoVr& V~§ g§V _hm~mh Z§ Ap¾_§Xra _m `k H$a YZOr/Yy_amO ZmdH$mo dranwéf gmH$ma H${ag. `Z§ Ap¾dZer amOmZ§
AMbJT> bH$ _mbd Xoe na amO H${ag& EH$mM d§eO ~mX_m na_ma H$hbm`m& Am~w {ebmboI na M§ÐmdVr bH$ _mbdm na amO
H$aZodmbmo n{hbmo amOm H$mo Zmd Yy_amO {_b§ go (na_ma A{^boI - S>m° A_aM§X {_Îmb, 1979).
- S>m°. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao
‘mo.- 9096088436
{Okmgm 44- {dO`mZJa,
X{jU Aå~mPar ‘mJ©,
ZmJnya 440022.
ndma bmoH$ AZm ndmar ~mobr

2. 5. nmMdmo _V- OJXre Zmam`U {g§h Z§ "B{Vhmg H$m bmoQ>m' {H$Vm~ _m {b{Igog H$r _mbd Xoe na M§ÐmdVrbH$ Ap¾nmb Zmd H$mo
amOm amO H$aV hmoVmo. ~m¡Õ Y_© H$m g§Ý`mgr Am~w na {hÝXy gÝ`mgr BZbm {hÝXy Ya_ AZwgma nyOmnmR>, `k _m H¥$aVmbH$ ì`dYmZ
Q>mH$V aìhV V~§ d{eð Hy$b H$mo G${f _w{Z Z§ Am~w nd©V na Ap¾Hw$§S> ñWm{nV H$a `k H${aZ AZm Ap¾nmb bm d¡{XH$ gmYZmBZbH$
geº$ ~ZmBZ. ^JdmZ {ed, {dîUy AZm _hm_m`m H$m{bH$m bm àgÞH$a dmobm na_ eyadra ~ZmB©Z. dmoZ§ {h§XyY_© {damoYr Agwa
BZH$mo Zme H${ag& dmobm na_ma Zmd Xo`od J`od. `Z§ _V H$mo g_W©Z AmYw{ZH$ B{VhmgH$ma ^m§S>maH$a, Jm§Jwbr, ^m{Q>`m, AmoPm,
hrambmb, XeaW e_m© Am{X H$a§ goVr.
g§pjá _m, nm¡am{UH$ J«§W AZm {ebmboI à_a, à_ma, na_ma ZmdBZH$moM à_mU gmXa H$a§ goVr.
CX`nwa àepñV -
lr_mZ ndma d§ñ`mo Z¥n{V§M {ddwY _mbd§amÁ` pH«$Ëdm {dXmV gyadra ^d§{Vfb{_X¡V~ nm{nZm§ ^yfahm&
Voä` nwÌ… à{gY gH$bJwUOwV§ JÝXbmoXod_{^… XmVm_moº$m {ddoH$r{anw gH$b {OV§ AmË_H$r{V© à{g{Y…&&2&&
AWm©V lr_mZ ndma d§e Zaoe gyadra _mbd amÁ` ñWm{nV H$a Ho$ {dÛmZ Zaoe ^`od Omo nm{nBZbm X§{S>V H$aV hmoVmo&
dmoH$monmgyZ à{gÕ nwÌ gH$b JwU `wº$, Jm§Xb Zm_H$ Xoe^º$, XmVm, ^moº$m, {ddoH$r AZm g_ñV eÌwBZbm OrVZo dmbmo, Amnbr
H$r{V© bH$ {d»`mV ^`mo&
`Z§ {ebmboI _m _mbdm amÁ` ñWm{nV H$aZodmbmo _hmnwéf H$mo ndma d§e Zmd {_b§ go& VgmoM H$mbdZ àW_ A{^boI (na_ma
A{^boI - S>m° A_aM§X {_Îmb, n¥ð 82-84) _m -
"pñdñdpñV& lr_mZ Ymam`m_² _oé_hm{Jar-
Vw§Jl¥§Jmon_o àdm_mÝd`o AZoH$-g_a-g§KÅgm-'
AWm©V - ñdpñV& lr`wº$ Ymam _m _oénd©V H$mo CMmo {eIa g_mZ AZoH$ àdm_ amOm BZZ§ `wÕ BZ_m g§Kf© H${aZ- `Z§ A{^boI _m
àdm_ Zmd {_b§ go& _ZOoM à_a, na_ma, ndma, àdm_ Zmd H$ d§e Z _mbdm na amO H${ag Agmo na‘maH$mbrZ A{^boI AZm J«§W
BZbH$ ñnï hmogo&
S>m° XeaW e_m© Z§ "n§dma d§e Xn©U' {H$Vm~ _m amOñWmZr MmaU H${d, »`mVH$ma, gm{hpË`H$ X`mbXmg {g§T>I`M Ûmam d{U©V
na_ma/n§dma d§e H$r 35 emImBZ_m 28dmo H«$_m§H$ na ndma go (n¥ð 41-42):
1 H$m~m, 2 Hy$H$S>m, 3 {damUm, 4 har`m, 5 hydS>, 6 ZrdoMS>m, 7 dmoS>mUm, 8 _wadob, 9 Xm§`_m§, 10 XyJgm, 11 dmKmoV, 12 {g§T>m`M,
13 _moT>gr, 14 Ira, 15 D$_Q>, 16 Ym§Yy, 17 ^m`b, 18 Jy§Jm, 19 gmoT>m, 20 gm§Ibm, 21 OmJm, 22 O¡nmbm, 23 gr`moa, 24
XwJmo{T>`m, 25 nm`b, 26 S>moS>, 27 dmoaS>, 28 ndma, 29 Yy{a`m, 30 N>mhS>, 31 nrWm, 32 Hy$§H$Um, 33 _moar, 34 Jobm, 35 {H§$Jdm.
XeaW e_m© Z§ "n§dma d§e Xn©U' n¥ð 43 na AÝ` EH$ òmoV ‘moZmoV »¶mV b§ na_ma/n§dma d§e H$r 35 emIm XoB© gog, dmoH$mo_m
1bmo H«$_m§H$ na ndma go& bJgo `mo "ndma' H$mo "ndmam' An^«§e Am`.
{ZîH$f© na nhyMo na Agmo OmZ n‹S>go H$m na_ma/n§dma d§e H$r ndma EH$ emIm Am` Á`m H$mbm§Va _m An{ahm`© ñWmZm§VaU
AZm à{VHy$b n{apñW{Vde ndma Om{V _m ~Xb JB© AZm Jmo§S>r, _amR>r _wbwI _m Am`ona dhm§H$r VËH$mbrZ ~mobr-^mfmH$mo à^md
H$mo H$maU ndma H$mo nmodma Zmd ~Xb J`mo.
ndma/nmodma H$mo Y_© - {h§Xy, dU© - jpÌ`, Hw$b - Ap¾Hw$b, d§e - na_ma/n§dma, Om{V - ndma/nmodma, JmoÌ - H$í`n/d{eð,
Hw$bXodVm - Xw„mXod ({ed), Zmam`UXod ({dîUy), gm§H$bXod (`k-Ap¾ XodVm), Hw$bXodr - H$mar _m` (_hm_m`m H$m{bH$m
J‹T>H$m{bH$m, H$mbr Xodr/H$mbam[Ì), _§Ì - Jm`Ìr, nyOZr` d¥j - nrnb AZm CZH$s Hw$a CnJmoÌ AmVr.
ndmar ~mobr
Am_amo Om{V Zmd na_mZoM Am_ar _mV¥^mfm (~mobr) bm H«$_e… ndmar/n§dmar/nmodmar AZm ^mo`ar, Agm joÌdma AZoH$ Zmd
nS²>`m goVr& gwà{gÕ ^mfm{dX OmO© A~«mh_ pJ«Ag©Z (1898-1928) H$mo AÜ``Z na_mZo "ndmar `m _Ü`^maVr` na_ma/ndma
OZg_wXm` H$r _mV¥^mfm Am` AZm `m ~w§Xobr ^mfm H$r 14 nmoQ>-^mfmBZ_mH$r EH$ Am`' Agmo Amnbmo OJ{d»`mV J«§W Linguistic
Survey of India _m ñnï dU©Z H${a JB© go. CZH$moM J«§W H$mo EH$ ^mJ _m VËH$mbrZ ^§S>mam, ~mbmKmQ> AZm {N§>XdmS>m {Obm H$ ndma
bmoH$-BZH$mo "nmodma" AZm CZH$r _mV¥^mfm bm "nmodmar' Zmd AmB© go. {d_boe H$m§{Vbmb d_m© (1995) Z§ ^maVr` OZJUZm AZm
_mV¥^mfm gd}jU {anmoQ>© BZH$mo AmYmana Am_amo _mV¥^mfm bm "ndmar/nmodmar' ~mobr Agmo Xw` n`m©`r Zmd-BZbH$ g§~moYZ H${a gog
AZm dmobm {h§Xr H$r 42 dr EH$ Cn^mfm _whwZ dJuH$aU H${a gog. JUoe Xodr (2013) Z§ "_hmamï—mVrb ^mfm gd}jU" {H$Vm~ _m
ndmar ~mobr H$mM Xwgam n`m©`r Zmd nmodmar AZm ^mo`ar _whwZ ñnï {bIr gog. ho_§V Hw$H$aoVr (2018) Z§ gVnw‹S>m joÌ _m ~mbmKmV
nmgwZ V ~¡Vwb dar "ndmar ~mobr" H$mo dm{MH$/{b{IV gm{hË` H$mo g{dñVa dU©Z H${a gog. A§{H$V J§JmonmÜ`m` (2020) BZZ§
"ndmar/nmodmar" E Xwhr n`m©`r Zmd XoV dmoH$mo A§Va-amï—r` ^mfmH$moS> - (pwr) - ISO-639-3 AZm dV©_mZ ApñVËd (Ethnologic
status) pñW{V - EGIDS 6-B-9 _ZOoM YmoH$mo H$mo nm`XmZ na C^r go, Agmo Xem©B© gog. "Languages of world, vol.-3 (2020,
g§nmXH$ E~ahmS>©, {g_§g, Mmëg©) _m ~r `mM dV©_mZ AgwapjV (Endangered/ Threatened) pñW{V go. ~mbmKmQ>, ^§S>mam, dYm©,
{N§>XdmS>m H$mo {Obm JOoQ>-BZ_m Panwari (n§dmar), Ponwari (nmo§dmar), Bhoyari (^mo`ar) V ~mbmKmQ> {Obm JOoQ>, g§ñH$aU
1992, n¥ð 72 na Pawari (ndmar) Zmd ^r {bIod {_b§ go. ~mbmKmQ> AZm ^§S>mam {Obm JOo{Q>`a VgmoM H$mñQ²>g Eo§S> Q´>mB©ãg Am$
go§Q´>b àm°pìh§gog Am°$ B§{S>`m (agob - hrambmb, 1916) _m Am_amo OmV H$mo Zmd Panwar, Ponwar, AZm Am_amo ~mobr H$mo Zmd
Panwari, Ponwari C„o{IV go na Am_r Amnbmo ~mobMmb _m n§dma/nmo§dma Z H$ìhVm ndma/nmodma AZm ~mobr H$mo Zmd
n§dmar/nmo§dmar Z H$ìhVm ndmar/nmodmar H$goOZ. Am_amo ~mobMmb _m {~§Xr H$mo CƒmaU Zhr hmo`.
(2)

3. ^maV gaH$ma H$mo g§ñH¥${V H$moe - ^maVr` ^mfmE§ erf©H$ A§VJ©V ~w§Xobr (~w§XobI§S>r) H$r Cn^mfm XoB© JB© goVr, CZ_m
ndmar/nmodmar (^§S>mam, ZmJnwa {Obm) XoB© JB© go. na‘maH$mb ‘m ‘mbdm Xoe ‘m AO H$mo ~w§XobI§S> Zm ~KobI§S>, amOñWmZ
g‘m{dîQ> hmoVm, CZH$mo ñdV§Ì ApñVËd ZmohmoVmo.
~mobr^mfm H$mo ñdén
ndmar ~mobr na {d{^Þ ^maVr` {dÚmnrR> _m g§emoYH$-BZZ§ AZwg§YmZ H${a goZ& CZ_m - gw.~m. Hw$bH$Uu (1974) amï—g§V
VwH$S>moOr _hmamO ZmJnwa {dÚmnrR>, _§Ow AdñWr (1999) a{de§H$a ewŠb {dœ{dÚmb` am`nwa, emaXm H$m¡{eH$ ndma (2014)
~aH$Vw„mh {dœ{dÚmb` ^monmb, ^maVr eaUmJV (2022) amZr XwJm©dVr {dœ{dÚmb` O~bnwa AZm Vw$mZ {g§h nmaYr (2023)
_hmË_m Jm§Yr A§Vaamï—r` {h§Xr {dœ{dÚmb` dYm© BZH$mo g_mdoe go& `ZM H$S>r _m na ñdV§Ì ñVa na S>m°. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao Z§ ndmar
~mobr H$mo ^mfm{dkmZ (ì`mH$aU), bmoH$gm{hË` AZm eãXH$mof "ndmar kmZXrn" {H$Vm~ _m g{dñVa XoB© goZ& ~mX_m H$mhr emoY nÌ
~r _amR>r AZm {h§Xr H$mo gm{hË` npÌH$mBZ_m àH$m{eV H$ar goZ& BZ g~ AZwg§YmZ_mbH$ {Z§¿`m _hËdnyU© {ZH$f Imë`m Xo`m J`m
goVr -
1. ñda - ndmar ~mobr _m {ga$ 8-9 ñda goVr - A, Am, B, B©, C, D$, E, Eo AZm Amo. "Am¡" H$mo Ad/AD$; (Am¡bmX-AdbmX,
Am¡H$mV - ACH$mV) "A§' H$mo A_ AZm "A…' H$mo Ahm Agmo CƒmaU hmogo. ~mohwV ~oam "Eo' H$mo ^r A` gmaImo CƒmaU hmogo (EoZH$-
A`ZH$, EoZm- A`Zm).
2. ì`§OZ - ndmar ~mobr _m {ga$ 28 ì`§OZ goVr& U, i, e, f, k, j, l, F, G, b¥, b¦, Ì, L>, Äm `o ì`§OZ ZmhmVr. "U' H$mo Z,
"i' H$mo a `m ‹S>, "e' AZm "f' H$mo ñ`m, g, "k' H$mo ½¶ ¶m AYZ², "j' H$mo AŠg, l H$mo ò, l¥ H$mo é Agmo CƒmaU hmogo. ~mH$r H$m
ì`§OZ bwá goVr.
3. {dgJ© - _hmàmU (:) H$mo ndmar ~mobr _m Cn`moJ Zhr hmo`. Xw…I H$mo XwI, ñdV… H$mo gVmhm hmogo.
4. {dgJ© - AënàmU H$mo ^r Cn`moJ Zhr hmo`. ^yH$ bm ^wH$, hmW bm hmV, XyY bm XwX, Or^ bm {O~ H$ìhgoVr.
5. gd©Zm_ - ndmar ~mobr _m {ga$ 33 gd©Zm_ goVr - _r, Am_r, Vw, Vw_r, D$ (nwéf), dm (òr), d` (V¥Vr` nwéf ~hwdMZ),
àW_, pÛVr` gd©Zm_ _amR>r gd©Zm_ g§J gmå` XoImd§ goVr na V¥Vr` gd©Zm_ ~w§Xobr gd©Zm_ g§J gmå` XoImd§ goVr. A{Zü`dmMH$
gd©Zm_ - H$moÝhr, Ogmo, Vmo, BV² CV² ~w§Xobr g§J V "H$moZ" _amR>r g§J gmå` XoImd§ go. H$Vm©, H$_©, H$aU, g§àXm`, AnmXmZ, g§~§Y,
A{YH$ma H$maH$ BË`mXr énm§V{aV gd©Zm_ ~w§Xobr `m ~Kobr {gZ Ow‹S§> goVr.
6. {b§J - ndmar ~mobr _m {h§Xr ^mfm g_wh g{aIm $H$V Xw`M {b§J goVr - nw„r§J AZm ñÌr{b§J.
7. dMZ - EH$dMZ AZm ~hwdMZr Zm_ ~mohwV {R>H$mZ§ EH$M go - ~¡b, h„²`m, KmoS>m, ~H$am, ~H$ar, hmV, nm`, ~m§Yr, ~mS>r, Vam,
{~hra, JmoQ>m, JmS>m, Imga, Qo>~b, IwMu BË`mXr. ñÌr {b§J Zm_ H$mhr {R>H$mZ§ ~Xb§ goVr - 1 Jm`, 5 JmB©, 1 ^g, 5 ^gr BË`mXr.
8. àË`o` - ndmar ~mobr _m à`wº$ {d^º$r àË`` _m gá_r H$mo "_m" JwOamVr H$mo, fðr H$mo "H$mo" {h§Xr H$mo, MVwWu H$mo "bm" _amR>r H$mo
àË`` g§J gmå` XoImd§ go.
9. nagJ©- XwZ, na, nam, AmS>nm dJ¡ao nagJ© amOñWmZr AZm JwOamVr ^mfm {gZ g_mZVm Xgm©d§ goVr.
10.pH«$`mnX- go/Am` (h¡/Amho), goV/goVr (h¡§/AmhoV), `o amOñWmZr pH«$`mnX bJ§ goVr.
11. ^yVH$mb H$_© - ndmar _m ^yVH$mb H$_© - Im`mo, {n`mo, M§¿`mo, nS²>`mo, b½`mo, VwQ²>`mo, $wQ²>`mo BË`mXr ~Kobr ~mobr H$mo H$_© g§J
_ob ImgoV.
12. d H$mo ~ - ndmar ~mobr _m ~mohwV S>md {h§Xr g_wh_mH$r ~mobrBZ na_mZo _amR>r eãX_mH$mo "d" H$mo "~" hmogo - dZ - ~Z, dmK -
~mK, dmgé - ~mgé, dmiy - ~mé, {dhra - {~hra, dmQ> - ~mQ>, dmV - ~mV, dmS>m - ~mS>m BË`mXr.
13. g§`wº$ eãX - {dJ«h g§`wº$eãX VmoS>H$Z ~mobZ H$r nÕV go - àH$me - naH$mg, ào_ -{nao_, lram_ - {g{aam_, H¥$îU -
{H${agZ§, àmW©Zm - namaWZm, Ìmg - Vamg, ldU- gadZ BË`mXr.
14. A§J«oOr eãX {dJ«h - H$mhr A§J«oOr g§`wº$ eãX {dJ«h H$aZ H$mo ~oam gwédmV _m "B' bJm`mo Omgo - ñQo>eZ - BgQo>gZ, ñQy>b -
BgQw>b, ñQ>mb - BgQ>mb, ñHy$b - BgHw$b ñQ>moa- BgQ>moa, ñQ²>`m§S> - BgQ²>`m§S> BË`mXr.
15. joÌr` {^ÞVm - ndmar ~mobr EH$ joÌ nmgwZ Xwgamo joÌ _m dhmZ H$r ~mobr, ^mfmBZ g§J Kwb-{_bH$Z ~Xb Omgo& H$hr§ H$moïr
~mobr, V H$hr§ _amar, {H$amS>r, bmoYZr, Hw$§^mar BË`m{X ~mobrBZ g§J V H$hr§ _amR>r, {h§Xr ^mfmBZ g§J {_ga Omgo& joÌr`
~mobr^mfmBZH$mo H$maU Jmo§{X`m-^§S>mam H$mo "_r", "Am{_' "Am_amo' "go' D$ ~mbmKmQ> {gdZr _m "{_', "h_amo' "h`' AZm dYm© -
{N§>Xdm‹S>m _m "_', "Am_r', Am_ma', "g/h¡`' hmo` Omgo& ~¡ZJ§Jm AZm dYm© joÌr` ~mobr _m "_moamo' H$mo "_amo', "_moar' H$mo "_ar',
"Am_amo' H$mo "Am_ma', "Am_ar' H$mo "Am_mar', "_mobm' H$mo "_bm', "Am_bm' H$mo "Am_mbm' g{aIm WmoS>m-WmoS>m ~Xb hmo` OmgoVr&
~¡ZJ§Jm joÌr` ndmar H$mo "_m' àË`o` dYm© joÌr` ndmar _m "_@' ~Xb Omgo& ndmar ~mobr {dX^© H$r H$moïr AZm _mbdm H$r _mZH$ar
~mobrBZ g§J hw~ohw EH$ gma{IM bJ§ go. ndmar ~mobr _m _amR>r AZm {h§Xr H$m eãX ~mohwV na_mZ _m Kwb{_b J`m goVr. AOH$mb
B§J«Or H$m eãX ~r {_ga aøm goVr.
A§J«oOr H$mb _m eo{a§J (1879) AZm agob Zm hrambmb (1916) Z ^maVr` Om{V-OZOmVr H$mo AÜ``Z H${aZ. CZH$mo
AZwgma Am¡a§JOo~ H$mo A§{V_ amÁ`H$mb _m ÌñV hmo`H$Z ndma/nmodma bmoH$ _mbdm àXoe bH$ `Z§ àXoe _m ñWmZm§V{aV ^`m. CZbm
n{hbo Jmo§S> AZm ~mX_m _amR>m amOmB©ZZ§ Aml` XoB©Z AZm Amnbmo Abm¡{H$H$ H$V¥©ËdbH$ goZm AZm IoVr _m àJ{V/g_¥Õr H${aZ.
Jmd§Jmd H$m O_rXma, _mbJwOma, nQ>rb, _hmOZ, H$mñVH$ma ~Z J`m. CZH$r ~mobr ndmar H$mo ~r BZZ§ Aä`mg H${aZ AZm agob
AZm {hambmbZ§ Amnbr {H$Vm~, H$mñQ²>g E§S> Q´>mB©ãg Am°$ go§Q´>b àm°pìh§gog E§S> ~oama Am°$ B§{S>`m _m H$mhr {~øm H$m JmZm A§J«oOr
AZwdmX g§J XoB© goZ.
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4. dV©_mZ X`Zr` pñWVr
dV©_mZ _m ndmar ~mobr H$r ~mohwV X`Zr` pñWVr go. ndma g_mO _m OgOgmo {ejU H$mo à_mU ~T>V Mbod, AmYw{ZH$aU hmoV
Mbod, VgVgmo ndmar ~mobZmo H$_r hmoV Mbod. B. g. 2001 H$mo ^maVr` OZJUZm Ahdmb AZwgma H$ar~Z 4,25,845 (Mma bmI,
nƒrg hOma, AmR> gm¡ n§MoMmarg) ndma/nmodma bmoH$ Amnbr _mV¥^mfm ndmar/nmodmar ~mobr ~mobMmb _m Cn`moJ H$a§ goVr. B. g.
2011 H$mo OZJUZm Ahdmb AZwgma ndmar/nmodmar ~mobZodmbmoBZH$r OZg§»`m _m KQ> hmo`H$Z 3,25,772 (VrZ bmI, nƒrg
hOma gmV gm¡ ~hmÎma) Zmo§X ^B© go. O~H$r `Z§ Ahdmb AZwgma J`o XgH$ _m 17.20 Q>¸$m OZg§»`m d¥Õr ñVa go. H$mhr gd}BZH$mo
AZwgma dV©_mZ _m ndma/nmodma g_mO H$r OZg§»`m 45-50 bmI go. EVamo _moR>r ndmar OZg§»`m _m 3,25,772 _ZOo ZJÊ`
bmoH$M ndmar _mV¥^mfm H$mo Cn`moJ H$© goVr AZm _amR>r, {h§Xr, B§J«Or H$mo _moR>mo à_mU _m Cn`moJ H$a aøm goVr.
àma§{^H$ H${WV-{b{IV gm{hË`
ndmar ~mobr H$B© g{XBZdar , H${WV ^mfm H$mo én _m ahr. Amngr g§^mfU, g§Xoe, JmZm, H$Wm, H$hmdV, hmZm, nhobr, CImZm
BË`mXr ndmar/nmodmar ~mobr H$mo H${WV (_m¡{IH$) bmoH$gm{hË` hmoVmo. {~øm H$m JmZm, gZË`mohma H$m JmZm, OmVmona XaZ ~oam H$m
JmZm, nhm©nmZr H$mo ~oam H$m JmZm, X§S²>`ma H$m JmZm, ZmQ>H$, ^pº$, _Zmoa§OZ na H$m JmZm BË`m{X {nT>r§{nT>r bmoH$ JmdV AZm ~wOwJ©
bmoH$ Qw>énmoQw>BZbm H$^r H$^ma Amnbr _m` ~mobr ndmar _m H$Wm-H$hmZr gm§JV. {b{IV ({b{n~Õ) gm{hË` H$r gwédmV S>m°. gw.
~m. Hw$bH$Uu (1974) H$mo emoYJ«§W "nmodmar ~mobr' bH$ ^B©. Amnbmo g_mO H§$ ~mobrào_r bmoH$ BZZ§ ^r {bIZmo Mmbw H${aZ. `Z§ H«$_
_m -
1) lr `mXmoamd Mm¡Yar - JrV J§Jm (1998), {~øm H$m JmZm (2002),
2) ES>. _ZamO nQo>b - ^mD$ AmVm OmJmo (2001), V§ AmVm H$amoZm Amnbmo {dH$mg (2005), Jmdmo X_ X_m X_, ZmMmo N>_ N>_m
N>_ (2008),
3) lr O`nmb {g§h nQ>bo - ndma JmWm (2006), J«m_JrVm (2009), ndmar JrV J§Jm (2010), JrV am_m`U (2012), lr_X~
^mJdV JrVm gma (2014), amOm ^moO JrVm§Obr (2015),
4) lr JmonrZmW H$mb^moa - ndmar bmoH$gm{hË` -H$mì` (2006), ndmar H$m AmYw{ZH$ H$mì` (2011), ndmar JrV , dm§{MV gm{hË`
(2012),
5) lr d„^ S>mo§Jao - ndmar bmoH$ gm{hË` (2011), éZwH$ -PwZwH$ : ndmar eãXH$moe (2011),
6) S>m°. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao - ndmar kmZXrn (2011), Jy§O CRo> ndmar (2017), Am{X g` (6) boIH$ BZH$r H$ar~Z 18-20 ZhmZ-
_moR>r {H$Vm~§ àH$m{eV ^B©. `d àH$m{eV gm{hË` _ZOo ndmar ~mobr g¥OZ g§dY©Z H$mo àmW{_H$ ì`pº$JV à`mgM H$ìhZmo nSo>!
ndmar gm{hË` H$bm g§ñH¥$Vr _§S>b : ñWmnZm AZm H$m`©
ndmar/nmodmar H$mo g¥OZ, g§dY©Z, àMma, àgma AZm gm{hË` {Z{_©Vr gm{V S>m°. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao H$mo ZoV¥Ëd _m H$mhr gm{hpË`H$
AZm g_mOgodr H$r ndma {dÚmWu ^dZ ZmJnya H$mo g^mJ¥h _m CnpñWV ndmar ~mobr {bIZodmbm AZm ndmar ~mobr g§dY©Z CËgwH$
ndma g_mOOZ Ûmam {XZm§H$ 04-11-2018 bm "amï—r` ndmar gm{hË` H$bm g§ñH¥$Vr _§S>b' H$r {d{YdV ñWmnZm H$aZmo _m AmB©.
H$mhr {Xdg ~mX g§ñWm H$mo {dYmZ V`ma H$a g§ñWm AZm Q´>ñQ> A{Y{Z`_ A§VJ©V n§Or`Z H$am`mo J`mo. dmQ>²g An na "ndmar gm{hË`
_§S>b' Zmd H$mo g_wh ~Zm`H$Z gmám{hH$ H$mì` ñnYm©, boI ñnYm©, eãXH$moe g¥OZ, X¡{ZH$ "AO H$mo gw^m{fV" Agm AZoH$ CnH«$_
_§KH$mo nmM gmb nmgyZ Mb aøm goVr. Am~§ dar 270 H$mì` ñnYm©, 100 boI ñnYm© AZm "A' nmgwZ V "k' dar eãX g§H$bZ AZm
AZ{JZV gw^m{fV gmH$ma hmo`H$Z g~ CnH«$_ gVV Mb aøm goVr.
ndmar gm{hË` H$bm g§ñH¥$Vr _§S>b ha gmb "A{Ib ^maVr` ndmar gm{hË` g§_obZ' H$mo Am`moOZ AZm dm{f©H$ ñ_a{UH$m
"ndmar gm{hË` g{aVm' H$mo àH$meZ H$a§ go. ~rM-~rM _m H${d gå_obZ, H$m`©embm, do{~Zma Am{X H$mo ^r Am`moOZ hmogo. loð
gm{hpË`H$OZ bm H${d-aËZ, H$d{`Ìr aËZ, AmboIH$-aËZ, Jm`H$-aËZ, Jm{`H$m-aËZ, H$bm-aËZ AZm Á`oð gm{hpË`H$ OZ H$mo
"OrdZ Jm¡ad nwañH$ma' ndmar ~mobr H$mo AZwg§YmZH$Vm©BZbm "emoYmWu nwañH$ma' BË`m{X Xo`H$Z Jm¡ad H$aod Omgo.
àË`oH$ gå_obZ H$mo Adga na Zdmo{XV ndmar (nmodmar, ^mo`ar) gm{hpË`H$ {H$Vm~§BZH$mo {d_moMZ-àH$meZ hmogo. JV 05
~agm _m Imë`m XoB© JB© {H$Vm~§ `Z§ _§MbH$ àH$m{eV ^B© goVr -
B.g. 2019
1. XwdmªHw$a (H$Wm g§J«h) - S>m°. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao, ZmJnwa.
2. nmodmar _m` ~mobr A_a aøo (boI+JrV) - lr gr. EM. nQ>bo, ZmJnwa.
B.g. 2020
3. ~wb§X H$amo ndmar - (H$mì` g§J«h) - S>m°. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao ZmJnwa.
4. Jm§d {edma (H$Wm g§J«h) - lr {hambmb {~goZ, ZmJnwa.
5. _Z H$mo Kmd (H$mì` g§J«h) - A°S>. Xodo§Ð Mm¡Yar, {VamoS>m.
6. nmodmar gm{hË` _§Owfm (boI+H${dVm) - A°S>. bIZ{g§h H$Q>ao, ~moaH$Ýhma (Am_Jm§d).
7. ^mo`ar eãXH$moe (^mo`ar- _amR>r) - B§{O. gwaoe Xoe_wI, ZmJnwa.
B.g. 2021
8. _moamo H$mì` N§>X (H$mì` g§J«h) - S>m. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao, ZmJnwa.
9. no§S>r (H$mì` g§J«h) - A°S>. Xodo§Ð Mm¡Yar, {VamoS>m.
10. ^mo`ar g§ñH¥${V (boI-JrV) - B§{O. gwaoe Xoe_wI, ZmJnwa.
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5. 11. H$mì` _§{Oar (H$mì` g§J«h) - lr gr. EM. nQ>bo, ZmJnwa.
12. H$mì` Hw$§O (H$mì` g§J«h) - lr N>JZbmb ahm§JS>mbo, ImnaIoS>m, {Og. ZmJnwa.
13. H$mì` Ymam (H$mì` g§J«h), lr {Ma§Ord {~goZ, Jmo§{X`m.
14. Jwé J§Jm (H$mì` g§J«h) - gm¡. $wbZ~mB© Mm¡Yar, H$mModmZr ({VamoS>m).
B.g. 2022
15. S>~b go§Mwar H$mì` g§J«h - g§nmXH$ _§S>b, ndmar gm{hË` H$bm g§ñH¥${V _§S>b, ZmJnwa.
16. ndmar g{aV gmJa (H$Wm+boI+H${dVm) - S>m. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao, ZmJnwa.
17. nmodma g_mO VWm nmodmar ~mobr (boI g§J«h)- A°S>. bIZ{g§h H$Q>ao, ~moaH$Ýhma (Am_Jm§d).
18. WoJam (XrK© H$mì`) - A°S>. Xodo§Ð Mm¡Yar, {VamoS>m.
19. _mVr H$r nwÊ`mB© (H$mì` g§J«h) - lr VwH$mam_ {H$ZH$a, nm§Tw>aZm.
20. ZjÌ (H$mì` g§J«h) - lr `mXmoamd Mm¡Yar, Jmo§{X`m.
B.g. 2023
21. _moamo Jmd Jy§Oo ndmar (I§S>H$mì`, bmoH$JrV, bmoH$H$Wm) - S>m°. kmZoœa Qo>§^ao, ZmJnwa;
22. _m`~mobr H$r _{h_m - lr gr. EM. nQ>bo, ZmJnwa.
23. ‘m¶ ^dmZr JrVm§O{b - lr am‘MaU nQ>bo, ZmJnwa.
24. ~mqgJ (H$mì¶ g§J«h) - lr N>JZbmb ahm§JS>mbo, ImnaIoS>m, ZmJnwa.
ndmar/nmodmar -Am_ar _m` ~mobr A_a ahmo..
_Z…nyd©H$ YÝ`dmX!!!
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