Ancient India's Social and Economic History

àmMrZ ^maV H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ $ B{Vhmg
THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF
ANCIENT INDIA
boIH$ :
S>m°. ào‘ MÝÐ R>mHw$a

<ISBN: 978-981-07-9348-7 > THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA
TIJ Research Publications Pte. Ltd., Singapore Page | 2
àmMrZ ^maV H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ $ B{Vhmg
THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA
ZËdm gañdVr§Xodr§ dmJWm©{dd dÝXo nmd©Vrna‘oídam¡&&
aoIm‘mÌ‘{n jwÊUmXm‘ZmodË‘©Z: na‘² ñ‘a{nV§ OmZH$sna‘oídam¡&&
S>m°. ào‘ MÝÐ R>mHw$a(E‘. E. (B{Vhmg) nr-EM.S>r.)
b.Z. {‘. {díd{dÚmb¶,H$m‘oída ZJa, Xa^§Jm
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nÌmMma nVm: S>m°. ào‘ MÝÐ R>mHw$a
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àW‘ g§ñH$aU àñVwV H$aVo hþE, ‘wPo Anma hm{X©H$ Iwer hmo ahr h¡& OZ‘mZg Ho$ ~rM
àmMrZ ^maV H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ B{Vhmg nwñVH$ H$s H$‘r ‘wPo dfm} go Xþ{IV
H$a ahr Wr& Bg H$‘r H$mo nwam H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘¡oZo àmMrZ ^maV H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$
B{Vhmg d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a Eo{Vhm{gH$ énm| ‘o AmnHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV H$a ahoo h¡& {Og‘| d¡{XH$
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gHo$& nwñVH$ boIZ ‘| JhZ {dMma-{d‘e© Ed§ gm‘{J«¶m| H$mo Om±Mm-naIm J¶m h¡& {’$a
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Hw$‘ma R>mHw$a empÊS>ë¶, gwYm§ew Hw$‘ma R>mHw$a empÊS>ë¶, nwÌr nÙmdVr, {dÚmdVr,
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AmnHo$ gwPmd H$m h‘| gXm B§VOma ahoJm&
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28/02 /2014 boIH$ : S>m°. ào‘ MÝÐ R>mHw$a

àmMrZ ^maV H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ B{Vhmg
(THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA)
{df¶ - gyMr
1. àmMrZ ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ B{Vhmg OmZZo Ho$ ómoV 5-12
2. dU© Ed§ Om{V ì¶dñWm 13-28
3. Aml‘ ì¶dñWm 29-39
4. g§ñH$ma Ed§ {ddmh 40-53
5. nwÌm| Ho$ àH$ma 54-57
6. àmMrZ {ejm Ed§ CZHo$ Ho$ÝÐ 58-68
7. XmgVm Am¡a Añn¥í¶Vm 69-75
8. àmMrZ ^maV ‘| {ó¶m| H$s pñWVr 76-80
9.H¥${f ì¶dñWm 81-90
10.H$a ì¶dñWm 91-104
11. g§K 105-112
12.^w-ñdm{‘Ëd 113-120
13. dm{UÁ¶, ì¶mna Am¡a CÚmoJ 121-127
14. nwñVH$ boIZ ‘| ghm¶H$ J«ÝW gy{M¶m± 128-137

1.àmMrZ ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ B{Vhmg OmZZo Ho$ ómoV
^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$m H$moB© H«$‘~Õ g‘¶ Zht hmoZo Ho$ H$maU à‘m{UH$ kmZ CnbãY Zhr
hmoVm& {H$ÝVw B{VhmgH$mam| Zo H${R>Z n[al‘ H$a emoY {ZH$mbm h¡& ¶Û{n {d{^Þ B{VhmgH$mam| Zo
AnZo-AnZo nwñVH$m| ‘| {^Þ {^Þ {dMma àñVwV {H$E h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘o B{VhmgH$ma AbdéZr Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$, qhXþ bmoJ B{Vhmg H$s Amoa {deof Ü¶mZ Zht XoVo& H$mbH«$‘mZwgma d§e n[aM¶ ‘| ^r
~S>r AgmdYmZr aIVo h¡ Am¡a O~ gwMZm XoZo Ho$ {bçoo {dde {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo {H$H$V©ì¶ {d^yT>
hmoH$a H$WmE Amaå^ H$a XoVo h¡& ¶h H$WZ nwU©V: gË¶ Zhr h¡& gmYZm| Ho$ Am^md ‘| {H$gr Xoe H$m
B{Vhmg g‘má Zht hmoVr & ³¶m|{H$ ^maVr¶ AZoH$ Jm¡adnyU© H$m¶© {H$E {H$ÝVw {díd Bggo AZ{^j
ahm& àmMrZ ^maV Ho$ B{Vhmg H$mo X©emZo dmbm AZoH$ lmoV h¡&
AZ¡{Vhm{gH$ J«ÝW
^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ {OdZ H$mo X©emZo ‘| Omo ^w{‘H$m AZ¡{Vhm{gH$ J«ÝW Zo àñVwV {H$¶m h¡& do g^r
VÏ¶m| go gdm}n[a h¡& Bg gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$mo àñVwV H$aZo ‘| doX H$m ñWmZ ‘hËdnyU© h¡&
doX
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H$mo Zht & doX H$s CËn{V {dX go hþAm h¡, {OgH$m AW© kmZ hmoVm h¡& AWm©V ‘Zwî¶ ‘| O~ go kmZ h¡&
V~ go doX h¡, doX Ho$db {hÝXþAm| H$m hr Zht ~pëH$ g‘nwU© ‘mZd g‘mO H$m g~go àmMrZ J«ÝW h¡&
doX H$s ‘hÎmm H$m dU©U H$aVo hþE {hÝXþñVmZ Ho$ nyd© amï´>n{V S>m°. Eg. amYmH¥$îUZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$
""àmMrZ H$mb ‘r H$ënZm ‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r gdm©{YH$ amoMH$ h¡, CgH$s à¶m©á OmZH$mar ~oXm| go
{‘bVr h¡&'' doXm| ‘| ^maV H$s g‘ñV àH$ma H$s àmMrZ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dñWmAm| H$m {díbofU àmá
hmoVm h¡&
doXm§J Ed§ gm{hË¶

doXm| Ho$ gab Ed§ g‘mÝ¶ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘P bmB©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE doXm§J H$s aMZm H$s JB© {Oggo
{H$ doXm| Ho$ ^md g^r g‘P gH|$& Bggo B©. ny©. EH$ hOma go nm±M hOma VH$ Ho$ ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$
OrdZ H$m nVm MbVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[aº$ gm{hË¶ gwÌ go ^r Cg g‘¶ H$s gm‘m{OH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$m
nVm MbVm h¡&
Cn{ZfX VWm ~«m÷U
~«m÷U ^r doXm| H$m EH$ A§e h¡& Bg J«ÝWm| ‘| eVnW, n§M{de, EoVao¶ H$m’$s à{gÕ h¡& BZ J«ÝWm|
Ho$ Ûmam Cg g‘¶ H$s gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ H$m {dñVma go emë¶, Hw$é, n§Mmb, J§Yma Am¡a {‘{Wbm
amÁ¶ H$m dU©U {‘bVm h¡&BZ J«ÝWm| Ûmam n[a{jV {OZHo$ ¶hm° AmpíVH$ ‘wZr nwamo{hV Wo& CZH$s ^r
¶VmW©Vm H$mo àX{e©V H$aVm h¡& {dpå~gma Omo ‘JY g‘«mÁ¶ H$m emgH$ Wm, CZH$m dU©U Cn{Zf©Xmo
go àmá hmoVm h¡&
nwamU
^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ H$mo OmZZo ‘| nwamUm| H$m Cƒ ñWmZ àmá h¡& Hw$b {‘bmH$a AR>mah nwamU
h¡& BZ‘| {dîUw, JéS>, ‘Ëñ¶, ^{dî¶, dm¶w, ^JdV Am{X à‘wI h¡& nwamUm| H$s ‘hÎmm ^maVr¶
g‘mO ‘| H$m’$s h¡& nwamUm| Ho$ ‘hËd H$m dU©U S>m°. ^r Eg. {gåW H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$ ""¶{X
nwamUm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z gmdYmZr nyd©H$ {H$¶m OmE Vmo BZHo$ Ûmam ‘wë¶dmZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ JmWm¶o àmá hmo
gH$Vr h¡ & ""nwamU H«$‘~Õ àmá Zhr hmoVm & BZ nwamUm| ‘| d¥údmHw$, ew±J Ed§ H$m¡ad Am{X amÁ¶d§em|
Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$m nXm©nZ hmoVm h¡&
~m¡Õ gm{hË¶
^maV Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE ~m¡Õ gm{hË¶ H$m {deof ñWmZ h¡& VËH$mbrZ ~m¡Õ
g§JR>Zm| H$s pñWVr H$m kmZ aIZo Ho$ {bE ~m¡Õ J«ÝW {Ì{n{Q>H$ H$m ñWmZ h¡& gwn{gÕ O‘©Z {dÛmZ
{dÝQ>a{ZQ>O Zo {bIm h¡, {H$ OmVH$ Ho$db Bg{bE hr A‘wë¶ Zhr h¡, {H$ CZH$m gm{hË¶ VWm CZH$s

H$bm CÎm‘ h¡, ~pëH$ {Vgar eVmpãX B©. ny©. H$s gä¶Vm Ho$ B{Vhmg H$s Ñ{ï> go ^r CZH$m C±Mm ñWmZ
h¡& ‘m¡¶©H$mb H$s gm‘m{OH$ Xem H$m kmZ Xrnd§e ‘hmd§e, {Xì¶mdmXZ, ‘§Owlr, ‘wbH$ën Am{X
J«ÝWm| go àmá hmo OmVm h¡& VËH$mbrZ g‘mO H$s Xem H$m dU©Z b{bV {dñVma d {‘{bÝX àíZ
Zm‘H$ J«ÝWm| ‘| {‘bVm h¡&
O¡Z gm{hË¶
O¡Z gm{hË¶ ‘| J«ÝW h¡ ^Ðdmhþ M[aÌ, AmMmam§J gyÌ, bmoH$ {d^mJ, H$WmH$mof, nwÊ¶mld, ^mJdVr
gyÌ BZ g~go ^maVr¶ g‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$mo OmZZo ‘| H$m’$s ghm¶Vm {‘bVm h¡& n[a{eï> nd©Z ‘|
AZoH$ O¡Z g‘«mQ>m| Ho$ n[aM¶ àmá hmoVo h¡& VWm CZHo$ g‘¶ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$m én àX{eV
H$aVo h¡&
ñ‘¥{V J«ÝW
^maV Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$s OmZH$mar XoZo ‘| ñ‘¥{V¶m| H$m ^r {deof ¶moJXmZ h¡& ñ‘¥{V J«ÝWm| ‘|
dUm©l‘ ì¶dñWm lÕ d àm¶píMV {dYmZ Am{X H$m à‘wI én go dU©Z h¡& ñ‘¥{V¶m| ‘| ‘Zw,
~¥hpñnV, {dîUw, namea Am{X à‘wI h¡& Omo gm‘m{OH$ {OdZ H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoVo h¡&
Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmú¶ :- ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$mo OmZZo ‘| Hw$N> Eo{Vhm{gH$ J«ÝWm| Zo {deof
^y{‘H$m {Z^mB© h¡, O~{H$ ¶o J«ÝW ~hþV H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘| CnbãY h¡, {OZH$m {ddaU Bg àH$ma h¡&
ã¶mH$aU Ed§ amOZr[V gå~ÝYr J«ÝW
AmO Omo ^r àmMrZ J«ÝW h¡, do H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘| CnbãY h¡& AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ ‘| ^maV Ho$ àmMrZ B{Vhmg
Ho$ Omo ñnï> J«ÝW CnbãY h¡& CZ‘| Á¶mXmVa amOZr[V Ed§ ì¶mH$aU na Aml¥V h¡& amOZr[V gå~pÝY
nwñVH$ ‘| H$m¡{Q>ë¶ H$m {bIm hþAm AW©emó VWm, H$‘ÝXH$m H$m {bIm Zr{VemñÌ h¡& Zr[VemñÌ go
Jwá H$mb Ho$ ^maVr¶ g‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$m nVm MbVm h¡& gmW hr AW©emó go ‘m¡¶© ¶wJ H$m
OmZH$mar àmá hmoVr h¡& nm{UZr VWm nV§O{b Ûmam aMrV ‘hm^mî¶ ì¶mH$aU gå~ÝYr J«ÝW hmoZo

Ho$ ~mdOwX ^r ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$m àXe©Z H$aVr h¡ &
M[aÌ-OrdZ
dmU ^Å> Ûmam a{MV "hf© M[aÌ' OrdZ gå~ÝYr boIZ ‘| gdm}n[a h¡& hf©M[aÌ go nyd© {H$gr
^r g‘«mQ> Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {MÌU Zht {H$¶m J¶m h¡& hf© M[aÌ Ho$ ní¶mV n¥ÏdramO amgmo,
MÝÐJwá‘², {dëhU, ‘wÐmamjg, hå‘ra amgmo Am{X à‘wI h¡& BZ J«ÝWm| ‘| amOmAm| Ho$ g‘m{OH$
ì¶dñWm H$m ñnï>rH$aU hmoVm h¡& gmW hr amOm Ûmam {H$E JE gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶mo© H$m dU©U àmá hmoVm
h¡&
nwamVËd : ^maV H$m gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$mo OmZZo ‘| gdmo}n[a nwamVËd gm‘J«r Zo ^r {deof ¶moJXmZ
{X¶m h¡& nwamVËd H$bm Ho$ VËdm| H$m dU©Z AJ« àH$ma go {H$¶m J¶m h¡ &
ñ‘maH$
àmMrZ ^maV Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg Ho$ {bE CËIZZ go àmá ñ‘maH$m| H$m {deof ñWmZ h¡& ¶o ñ‘maH$
gm{hpË¶H$ gmYZm| H$s H$^r H$mo nwam H$aVo h¡& Bg{bE BZH$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ñ{ï> go H$m’$s ‘hËd h¡&
àmMrZ ñ‘maH$m| H$s ajm Ho$ {b¶o ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam EH$ nwamVËd {d^mJ H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB© h¡ & Omo
{d^mJ haßnm, hpñVZmnwa, ‘Wwam, H$m{g¶m, Vj{ebm, ^ahwV, gmaZmW, nmQ>{bnwÌ Am{X ñWmZm| H$m
ImoO H$s h¡& hS>ßnm Am¡a ‘mohZOmoXS>mo H$s IwXmB© go ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU©
g‘ñ¶m hb hmo JB© Wr& Bg CËIZZ ‘| bJ^J nm±M hOma df© nyd© H$m g‘ñ¶m gm‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡&
hS>ßnm Am¡a ‘mohZOmoXS>m| Ho$ IwXmB© go àmá gm‘J«r H$m ‘hËdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& ³¶m|{H$ Bggo Cg gä¶Vm
Ho$ bmoJm| H$m amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ go ^r Á¶mXm gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m gm‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡&
Vj{ebm Ho$ IwXmB© go àmá gm‘J«r ‘wVu¶m± J§Yma H$mo e¡br H$mo COmJa H$aVm h¡& Adeofmo§ Ho$ gå~ÝY
‘| gwà{gÕ B{VhmgH$a B©ídZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘o ¶h Adeof ñnï>V: ¶h Kmo{fV H$aVm h¡, {H$ ¶hm± Ho$
{Zdmgr {hÝXþ Wo, Omo {ed, nmd©Vr Ed§ ZXr H$s godm H$aVo Wo& dmñV{dH$Vm Vmo Omdm ‘| dmoamo~Xþa H$m
‘pÝXa VWm H$å~wO H$m AÝH$moadma à‘wI h¡&

A{^boI
^maV Ho$ àmMrZ KQ>Zm H$m g‘¶ A§{H$V H$aZm AË¶§V H${R>Z H$m¶© h¡& {OZH$m {V{W ghr ghr
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{ebmAm| VWm [dñV¥V ñV^m| VWm AÝ¶ Cƒ ^wIÊS>m| na A§{H$V ¶o A{^boI AnZo g§X{^©V ¶wJ H$s
gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ Xem H$s Am¡a {d{eï> na go g§Ho$V H$aVo h¡& âbrQ> Ho$ AZwgma àmMrZ ^maV Ho$
B{Vhmg H$m kmZ h‘o Ho$db A{^boI Ho$ Y¡¶©nyd©H$ AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo go hr àmá hmo gH$Vm h¡& ^maV Ho$
AÝ¶ gmImAm| ‘| ^r A{^boI H$m ghmam boZm nS>Vm h¡& ³¶m|{H$ BgHo$ {~Zm H${R>ZVm go hr
A{^boI H$m {V{W {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶o CZ g~ ‘| EH$ H«$‘ CËnÞ H$aVo h¡, Omo h‘|
gm{hË¶, naånamJV H$WmAm|, {g¸$mo, H$bm-{eën ¶m AÝ¶ {H$gr gmYZ go àmá hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma
^maV Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$m kmZ H$aZo ‘o ¶o A{^boI {deof ^y{‘H$m AmXm H$aVr h¡&
‘wÐm¶o
^maV H$m àmMrZ g‘¶ ‘| XþañV àmÝVm| go AÀN>m gå~ÝY Wm& gmW hr CZH$m ì¶mnma H$m’$s {dñV¥V
Wm& {OgH$mo ‘wÐm¶| g§Vw{bV {H$¶m Wm& AV: ^maV Ho$ àmMrZ B{Vhmg H$mo OmZZo ‘| ‘wÐmAm| H$m
‘hËd H$‘ Zhr h¡ & ³¶m|{H$ BZH$m gå~ÝY amo‘ go Wm& ^maVr¶ B{Vhmg H$m ¶h ‘wë¶dmZ VÏ¶
àmMrZ {g¸$m| go hr àmá hmoVm h¡& {gåW ‘hmoX¶ Ho$ eãXmo ‘| ""{gH$ÝXa Ho$ ^maV AmH«$‘U Ho$ g‘¶
àË¶oH$ ¶wJ ‘| ¶o ‘wÐm B{VhmgH$mam| Ho$ AÝdoeZ H$m¶© ‘| A‘wë¶ ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVr ahr h¡ Am¡a
nm{W©¶Z Ho$ amOd§emo H$mo OmZZo ‘| EH$ ‘mÌ gmú¶ h¡& BZ {g¸$m| go CZHo$ g‘«mÁ¶ {dñVma H$m¶m},
d§emdbr Am{X Ho$ kmZ Ho$ gmW - gmW CZHo$ emgZ H$mb H$s Am{W©H$, ì¶mnm[aH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ d
gm‘m{OH$ gyI g‘¥[Õ H$m ^r kmZ àmá hmoVm h¡&
boIH$ Ed§ {dXoer ¶m{Ì¶m| Ho$ d¥VmÝV
^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$, amOZ¡{VH$, Am{W©H$, ì¶dñWm, H$mo Xem©Zo ‘| {dXoer ¶m{Ì¶m| Ho$ {ddaU ^r
AnZm {d{eï> ‘hËd aIVo h¡& h‘mao Xoe ‘| ¶yZmZr, MrZr, {Vã~Vr Ed§ ‘wpñb‘ ¶mÌr g‘¶ - g‘¶

na Am¶o VWm CÝhm|Zo ^maVr¶ amÁ¶m| Ho$ Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$, Ym{‘©H$ g‘ñ¶m Ed§ EH$Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘|
{bIo & Omo {ddaU ^maV Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ B{Vhmg H$mo nyU©V: gmú¶ H$aVo h¡&
¶yZmZr ¶mÌr
^maV ‘| ¶yZmZr ¶mÌr àm¶: VrZ MaUm| ‘| Am¶o ¶wZmZr ¶m{Ì¶m| H$m àW‘ MaU {gH$ÝXa go nhbo
H$m Wm, {Og‘| WmBb¡³g, {hHo${Q>¶g, {‘boQ>g, hoamoS>oQ>g VWm Ho${gAg Zm‘H$ ¶mÌr ^maV ‘| Am¶o
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BZ g~ ‘Vm| Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo go nVm MbVm h¡, {H$ ~«m÷U Vmo OÝ‘ go ~«m÷U Wm, {H$ÝVw AÝ¶ dU©
H$mo CËH$f© Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ H$‘© H$aZm nS>Vm Wm& ³¶m|{H$ Y‘© J«ÝW ‘| Eogm H$moB© ^r CXmhaU Zht {‘bm
h¡, Omo {H$ OÝ‘ ~«m÷U Ho$ Ka {b¶m hmo Am¡a dh ewÐ ‘| n[ad©VrV hmo J¶m hmo& AV: ñnï> h¡ H$s
AÝ¶dU© H$mo ~«m÷U dU© ‘| àdoe Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ H$‘© H$aZo nS>Vo Wo&
dU© ì¶dñWm H$m ‘hËd
dU© ì¶dñWm Omo {H$ l‘ {d^mOZ Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m J¶m hmo, ì¶{º$ H$mo Cƒ AWdm {ZåZ ñWmZ
Zht {XbmVm& ~pëH$ CgHo$ ñd^md VWm JwUm| Ho$ ~b na ¶mJ¥{V Ho$ amñVo na MbZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV
H$aVm h¡& g^r dUm} H$m ‘hËd CgHo$ gXñ¶m| Ûmam AnZo dUm} Ho$ H$V©ì¶m| Ho$ à{V {Zð>mdmZ ahZo ‘|
h¡& dU© H$V©ì¶ gwMH$ h¡, Z {H$ A{YH$ma gwMH$ & H$‘© Ho$ AmYma na dUm©o H$mo Mma ^mJm| ‘o
{d^m{OV {H$¶m J¶m Wm&
1) ~w{ÛOrdr
2) emgH$
3) ì¶mnmar

4) l‘Ordr &
{H$gr EH$ dJ© {deof Ho$ hmW ‘| à^wgÎmm Ho$pÝXV Z hmo Bgr Ho$ {bE dU© {d^mOZ hþAm& Bgr {bE
dU© ì¶dñWm kmZ, e{º$, AW© Ed§ l‘ Mmam| à‘wI e{º$¶m| H$s {dHo$pÝÐV H$aZo gå~pÝYV dJ© H$mo
Cg e{º$ H$m à‘wI A{YH$mar ~Zm {X¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go ~«m÷U kmZ H$s e{º$, j{Ì¶ ~b H$m,
d¡í¶ YZ H$m VWm ewÐ l‘ H$s e{º$ H$m A{YH$mar hmoVm h¡& {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ ñdén ~«m÷U AmXa
H$m, j{Ì¶ emgZ H$m ,d¡í¶ YZ H$m VWm ewÐ AdH$me H$m nmÌ hmoVm h¡& {hÝXþ {dMmaH$m| H$m ‘V h¡,
{H$ dU© ì¶dñWm {dYmZ Ûmam dU© g§Kf© gå^m~ZmAm| H$mo H$‘ {H$¶m h¡& dU© ì¶dñWm {hÝXþ g‘mO
‘| Eogr n[apñWVr H$m ‘mJ© àeñV H$aVr h¡, {Og‘| ‘Zwî¶ H$mo d¶ñH$ hmoZo na Or{dH$monmO©Z hoVy
A{YH$ {MÝVm ¶m g§Kf© Zhr H$aZm nS>Vm & ^maV ‘| AZoH$ {eënH$mAm| Am¡a J¥h CÚmoJm| H$m àmaå^
VWm CZH$s àJ{V dU© ì¶dñWm Ho$ H$maU hr g§^d hmo gH$m AmO Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ ‘| {deofrH$aU
H$m H$m’$s ‘hËd h¡& {hÝXþ OrdZ àUmbr ‘| {deof j‘Vm VWm d§e na§nam ì¶{º$ H$m {deof CÚmoJr
VWm ì¶dgm¶ ‘| nma§JV H$aVr h¡& {deofrH$aU Ho$ H$maU N>moQ>o ‘m‘wbr ¶ÝÌm| go gwÝXa H$bmË‘H$
H¥${V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U Ho$db Hw$N> {deof ì¶{º$ hr H$a nmVo h¡&
dU© H$m OÝ‘ go {ZYm©aU H$aZm {H$ ~«m÷U H$s gÝVmZ ~«m÷U Ho$ ì¶{º$JV {dH$mg ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVm
h¡& ¶h EH$ dU© ì¶dñWm H$s g~go ~S>r H$^r h¡& Xþgam Xþîn[aUm‘ {d^mOZ Ho$ H$maU CËnÞ hþAm&
dU© {d^mOZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdén {hÝXþOm{V AZoH$ Om{V¶m| d CnOm{V¶m| ‘| {d^m{OV hmoH$a Xþ~©b hmo
JB© h¡& BZ Xmo ‘w»¶ H${‘¶m| Ho$ ~mdOwX ^r dU© - ì¶dñWm H$m’$s Cn¶moJr g§J{R>V d ewÕ ì¶dñWm
h¡, {Og‘| g‘mO ‘| g§ajU, g§MmbZ d {dH$mg H$m ‘mJ© gm’$ hmoVm h¡&
dU© ì¶dñWm H$o ‘hËd H$mo h‘ H$B© V[aH$m| go ñnï> H$a gH$Vo h¡&
1) dU© ì¶dñWm ‘| l‘ {d^mOZ VWm {deofrH$aU H$s EH$ A{ÛVr¶ ì¶dñWm ahr h¡& dmë¶mH$mb
go hr ì¶{º$ AnZo n[adm[aH$ n¶m©daU ‘| ì¶dgm{¶H$ à{ejU àmá H$a {deofrH¥$V kmZ H$m bm^
CR>m gHo$ h¡&{d{^Þ dUm} ‘| g^r àH$ma Ho$ H$m¶© ~m±Q>H$a g‘mO H$mo àJ{V H$s Am¡a ~T>m¶m Om gH$m&

2) dU© ì¶dñWm Zo bmoJm| H$mo dU© - Y‘m©Zwgma AnZo AnZo H$V©ì¶ nmbZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àoaUm Xr&
CÝho AnZo CÎmaXm{¶Ëd Ho$ à{V OmJéH$ ~Zm¶m& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V {d{^Þ dUm} Ho$ AbJ - AJb
H$m‘m} H$m {ZYm©aU H$a bmoJm| H$m EH$ Xþgao Ho$ joÌ ‘| g§Kfm} go ‘wº$ aIm&
3) dU© ì¶dñWm g‘Vm H$s ar[V na AmYm[aV ahr h¡& Bg ì¶dñWm Ho$ AÝV©JV g‘mO H$m Mma dUm}
Ho$ én ‘| H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ {d^mOZ Amdñ¶ hþAm h¡& naÝVw àË¶oH$ H$s godmAm| H$s gm‘m{OH$ Ñ{ï> go
g‘mZ ‘hËd {X¶m J¶m h¡&{damQ> nwéf Ho$ eara Ho$ {d{^Þ A§Jmo go Mmamo dUm} H$m CËn{V ¶hr àJQ>
H$aVr h¡ {H$ àË¶oH$ A§J Ho$ n¥WH$ - n¥WH$ H$m¶© hmoVo hþE ^r H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ Ñ{ï> go g^r H$m g‘mZ
‘hËd h¡&
4) dU© ì¶dñWm EH$ Eogr gab ì¶dñWm ahr h¡, {H$ {OgHo$ A{YH$ àË¶oH$ ì¶{º$ H$mo AnZo JwUm|
VWm H$‘m} Ho$ AZwgma na AnZr gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dñWmHo$ {dH${gV H$aZo H$m CÎm‘ Adga àXmZ {H$¶m
J¶m& Bg‘| ì¶{º$ H$mo AnZo JwU VWm H$‘© Ho$ AmYma na dU© n[adV©Z H$m Adga ^r àmá Wm& ¶h
ì¶dñWm g‘mO H$mo CÞV H$aZo ‘| ‘hmZ ^y{‘H$m àXmZ {H$¶m&
5) dU©ì¶dñW {d{^Þ àOmVr¶ g‘yh aº$ H$s ewÕVm H$mo ~Zm¶o aI gHo$ & AbJ - AbJ dUm} Ho$
én ‘| g§J{R>>V hmoZo go {d{^Þ àOmVr¶ g‘yhm| H$mo EH$ Am¡a a³V H$s ewÜXVm ~Zm¶o aIZo H$m Adga
àmá hþAm Am¡a Xþgar Am¡a AmgmZr go AnZr g§ñH¥$V H$mo nr{T>- Xa nrT>r ~T>mZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ
{H$¶m&
6) dU© ì¶dñWm go hr g‘mO ‘| g§VwbZ ahm& BÝhr Ho$ dOh go {d{^ÝZ e{º$¶m| Hw$N> {deof
ì¶{º$¶m| ‘| Ho$ÝÐtV Z hmo gH$m& BZ e{º$¶m| go ¶wº$ g‘yh ‘| AhH$ma Ed§ {Za§Hw$eVm ~T>oJr & Bg{bE
Mmam| dUm} Ho$ AbJ aIm J¶m h¡&
Om{V H$mo bm¡{Q>Z ^mfm ‘| H$mñQ> H$hVo h¡, {OgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ "àOmVr¶ VËd, Zñb ¶m n¡V¥H$ JwUm|
go gånÞ& Om{V eãX g§ñH¥$V ^mfm Ho$ OZ go ~Zm h¡& {OgH$m AW© CËnÞ H$aZm ¶m CËnÝZ hmoZm h¡&

Bg àH$ma Om{V H$m AW© g‘mZ JwUm| go OÝ‘ boZm h¡& BgH$s n[a^mfm AZoH$ {dÛmZm| Zo AnZo AnZo
Xoe go {XE h¡&
‘Ow‘Xma Ho$ AZwgma ""Om{V EH$ dÝX dJ© h¡&'' àmo. Hw$bo Ho$ AZwgma O~ H$moB© ^r dJ© nyU©V:
d§emZwH«$‘U na AmYm[aV hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo dh Om{V H$hbmVr h¡&
Ho$VH$a Ho$ eãXm| ‘| Om{V {Og én go AmO h¡, Cgo EH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘wh Ho$ én ‘| g‘Pm Om gH$Vm
h¡, Omo ‘w»¶V: Xmo {deofVmAm| go ~ZVm h¡& nhbm BgH$o gXñ¶ OÝ‘ go hr ~Z OmVo h¡, Xþgam g^r
gXñ¶ AË¶ÝV H$R>moa {Z¶‘m| Ûmam g‘yh go ~mha {ddmh H$aZo go amoH$ {X¶o OmVo h¡&''
Ama. E‘. ‘¡H$mBda Ho$ eãXm| ‘| ""O~ ì¶{º$ H$s pñW{V nyd© {ZpíMV hmoVr h¡, AWm©V ì¶{º$ O~
AnZr pñWVr ‘| {H$gr ^r Vah Ho$ n[adV©Z H$s Amem boH$a CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, V~ dh ì¶{º$ g‘wh ¶m
dJ© Om{V Ho$ én ‘| ñnï> hmoVm h¡&''
[aObo Ho$ AZwgma ""Om{V n[adma ¶m H$B© n[admam| H$m g§H$bZ h¡, {OgH$mo EH$ g‘mÝ¶ Zm‘ {X¶m
J¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr H$mën{ZH$ nwéf ¶m XodVm go AnZr CËn{V ‘mZVm h¡ VWm n¡V¥H$ ì¶dgm¶ H$mo
ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡, Am¡a Omo bmJo {dMma H$a gH$Vo h¡ CZ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE EH$ gOmVr¶ g‘wh Ho$ én ‘|
ñnï> hmoVm h¡&''Om{V ì¶dñWm H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aZm AË¶§V H${R>Z H$m¶© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h EH$ OQ>rb
g‘ñ¶m Ho$ én ‘| ZOa AmVr h¡&
àmo. Or. Eg. Ky[a¶o Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ ""‘wP>o Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ {df¶ H$s O{Q>bVm Ho$ H$maU n[a^mfm
XoZo H$m àË¶oH$ à¶mg Ag’$b hmoZm {ZpíMV h¡& Xþgar Am¡a Bg {df¶ na ~hþV gm gm{hË¶ Bg Om{V
eãX H$s gw{ZpíMVVm Ho$ Am^md Ho$ H$maU jV {djV nS>m h¡& Om{V H$mo CËn{V H$hm± go hþB©& Om{V
Ho$ CËn{V Ho$ {gÕmÝV :
1) naånamJV {gÛmÝV : {d{^Þ {dÛmZm| H$m ‘V h¡, {H$ Om{V àWm {H$ CËn{V {hÝXþ naånam Ho$
AZwgma hþB© h¡& {hÝXþAm| Ho$ AZoH$ dJ© J«ÝWmo ‘| BgHo$ à‘mU {‘bVo h¡& d¡{XH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| g~go
àmMrZ ì¶m»¶m F$½doX Ho$ nwéf gyº $‘| {‘bVr h¡& BgHo$ AZwgma ~«m÷Um| H$s CËn{V ~«÷m Ho$ ‘wI go

j{Ì¶m| H$s CËn{V ~mhþ go d¡í¶ H$s CËn{V O§ÚmAmo go VWm ewÕmo H$s CËn{V MaUm| go Y‘© emó
‘Zwñ‘¥{V ñ‘¥{V¶m| ‘| Eogo hr ì¶m»¶m {‘bVr h¡& JrVm ‘| H¥$îU H$hVo h¡ ""MmVwd©Ê¶î¶ ‘¶m g¥ï>§
JwUH$‘© {d^mJV: & AWm©V Mmam| dUm| H$m {Z‘m©U CZHo$ JwU VWm H$m¶m} Ho$ AmYma na ‘¢Zo ñd§¶
{H$¶m h¡& ‘Zw Ûmam BZHo$ H$m¶m©o H$m C„oI {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ~«m÷U H$m H$m¶© AÜ¶¶Z - AÜ¶mnZ H$aZm
d¡í¶ H$m H¥${f, j{Ì¶m| H$mo Aó - eó MbmZm VWm amÁ¶ H$s ajm H$aZm VWm eyÐm| H$m H$m¶©
CƒOm{V Ho$ bmoJm| H$r godm H$aZm h¡&
2) ~«m÷Um| H$s MVwa ¶w{º$ H$m {gÕmÝV :- Hw$N> {dÛmZ Om{V ì¶dñWm H$mo ~«m÷Um| Ho$ MVwa ¶w{º$ Ho$
{gÕmÝV H$mo$ ‘mZVo h¡& ~«m÷Umo Zo gÎmm gdm}ƒ aIZo Ho$ {bE Y‘© H$m ghmam boVo hþE EH$ Eogr
¶moOZm H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m {Og‘| CÝhm|Zo AnZm ñWmZ g~go Cna aIm VWm Xþgao ñWmZ na j{Ì¶m| H$mo
aIm& {Oggo do ñd¶§ gwa{jV ah gHo$& àmMrZ H$mb ‘| Y‘© H$m g~go Á¶mXm ‘hËd hmoZo Ho$ H$maU
~«m÷Um| Zo Ym[‘©H$ H$m¶moo© H$mo AnZo A{YH$ma ‘| boH$a Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ én ‘| EH$ Eogr ¶moOZm
~ZmB©, {OgZo {hÝXþ g‘mO ‘| CZH$s gÎmm H$mo ñWm¶r gdm©oƒVm àXmZ H$a Xr& S>m°. Yy[a¶| Ho$ eãXmo ‘|
Om{V àWm BÊS>mo Am¶©Z g§ñH¥${V Ho$ ~«m÷Um| H$s gÝVmZ h¡, Omo J§Jm - ¶‘wZm Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| nbr Am¡a
dhm± go Xoe Ho$ Xþgao ^mJm| ‘| bo OmB© JB©&
3) Ym{‘©H$ {gÕmÝV :- lr H$moH$mQ>© Ho$ eãXmo ‘| {hÝXþ g‘mO H$m Om{V àWm Ho$ én ‘| l‘ {d^mOZ
Ym{‘©H$ AZwð>mZm| go hþAm& CZHo$ AZwgma Om{V {d^mOZ ‘yb én go Ym{‘©H$ H$m¶m} H$m {d^mOZ Wm&
Ym{‘©H$ H$m¶m} ‘| newAm| H$s ~br H$aZo H$m H$m¶© {ZH¥$ð> hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Xmgmo H$mo {X¶m J¶m& Omo AmJo
MbH$a ewÐ H$hbmZo bJo& Bgr àH$ma ‘§Ìmoƒma Am{X H$aZo dmbo ~«m÷U H$hbm¶o& Yrao - Yrao {^Þ
- {^Þ H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo bmoJ {^Þ - {^Þ Om{V g‘yhm| ‘| ~Q> J¶o& Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| g§emoYZ H$aVo
hþE goZmQ>© Zo H$hm h¡, {H$ Om{V H$mo CËn{V àmMrZ H$mb ‘| ^moOZ gå~ÝYr Ym{‘©H$ {ZfoYmo go hþB©&
4) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {gÕmÝV :- lr Zog’$sëS> Ho$ ‘VmZwgma ì¶dgm¶ VWm Ho$db ì¶dgm¶ hr Om{V
àWm H$s CËn{V Ho$ {b¶o CÎmaXm¶r h¡& lr Zog’$sëS> Om{V àWm H$s CËn{V ‘| Y‘© H$mo H$moB© ‘hËd Zhr

{X¶m h¡& CZH$m H$WZ h¡, {H$ {d{^Þ ì¶dgm¶ H$aZo dmbo bmoJ ì¶dgm¶m| H$s CƒVm VWm {ZåZVm Ho$
AmYma na hr C±Mr VWm ZrMr Om{V¶m| ‘| {d^m{OV hmo J¶o&
5) àOmVr¶ {gÕmÝV :- h~©Q> [aObo, S>m°. Yy[aE VWm S>m°. ‘Ow‘Xma Am{X Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à‘wI
g‘W©H$ h¡& [aObo Ho$ Am¶m} H$s ^maV Ho$ ‘yb {Zdm{g¶m| go {^ÞVm VWm AZwbmon {ddmh Ho$ àMbZ
H$s Om{V àWm H$s CËn{V H$m ‘yb H$maU ~Vbm¶m h¡& BÝS>m| Am¶© àOm{V ^maV ‘| AmZo go nyd© Mma
^mJm| ‘| {d^m{OV Wr& ^maV ‘| AmZo na Am¶mo© Zo AnZo {d^mOZ Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo ¶hm± na bmJw
{H$¶m& BgHo$ A{V[aº$ Am¶m} ‘| bS>{H$¶m| H$s H$^r hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Am¶© nwéf ¶hm± bS>{H$¶m| go Vmo
{ddmh H$a boVo Wo& bo{H$Z AnZr bS>{H$¶m| H$mo ¶hm± Ho$ bS>H$mo Ho$ gmW {ddmh Zht H$aVo Wo
""AZwbmon {ddmh Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdén àOmVr¶ {‘lU go hr Om{V¶m| H$s CËnm{V hþB©& S>m°. Yy[aE VWm
S>m°. ‘Ow‘Xma H$m ^r {dMma h¡, {H$ ^maV ‘| Om{V àWm Cggo gå~pÝYV d¡dm{hH$ ImZ - nmZ
ì¶dgm{¶H$ Am{X {ZfoYm| H$s CËn{V Am¶m} Ûmam AnZo aº$ H$s ewÕVm VWm g§ñH¥${VH$ loï>Vm H$s
ajm H$aZo hoVy {H$¶o J¶o à¶ËZm| Ho$ ’$bñdén hþB©&''
6) ‘mZm ¶m Am{X‘ g§ñH¥${V H$m {gÕmÝV :- XþJ©‘ ñWmZm| ‘| ahZo dmbr AZoH$ OZ Om{V¶m± ñdV§Ì
amOZ¡{VH$ VWm Am{W©H$ BH$mB¶m| Ho$ én ‘| ahVr Wr& àË¶oH$ OZOm{V g‘yh EH$ hr ì¶dgm¶ H$aVm
Wm, Omo Bg ~mV H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVo h¡ {H$ Am¶m} Ho$ AmZo go nhbo ^r ^maV Ho$ ‘yb {Zdmgr ‘|
ì¶dgm¶ VWm AÝ¶ ì¶dgm¶m| Ho$ AmYma na {d^mOZ ‘m¡OwX Wm& Am¶m} Zo Bg gm‘m{OH$ {d^mOZ
H$mo Am¡a ^r A{YH$ ñnï> H$aVo hþE AnZr pñWVr H$mo gdm}ƒ aIm&
‘mZm dh Abmo¡{H$H$ VWm AÑí¶ e{º$ h¡, Omo àË¶oH$ dñVw ‘| {dY‘mZ g‘Pr OmVr h¡& {dídmg
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ ¶h e{º$ ñne© Ûmam ì¶{º$ ‘| ’¡$bVr h¡ Am¡a gwI XþI XmoZm| hr Xo gH$Vr h¡&
Ho$db A{X‘ Om{V¶m| ‘| hr Zhr ~pëH$ AmYw{ZH$ g^r g‘mOm| ‘| ^r bmoJ {H$gr Z {H$gr én ‘| Bg
e{º$ ‘| {dídmg H$aVo h¡& lr hÅ>Z Ho$ AZwgma Bg e{º$ ‘| {dídmg Zo hr Om{V àWm Ho$ d¡dm{hH$
ImZ - nmZ gå~ÝYr à{V~ÝYm| H$mo OÝ‘ {X¶m h¡&''

Om{V ì¶dñWm H$m {dH$mg ^maV ‘| Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {nN>o AZoH$ H$maU h¡&
1) d¡dm{hH$ gå~ÝY :- g‘mO ‘| AZwbmon {ddmhm| Ho$ H$maU AZoH$ Om{V¶m± ~Zr& AZwbmon {ddmh
‘| CƒOm{V H$m dJ© {ZåZ Om{V Ho$ dJ© Ho$ gmW {ddmh H$aVm h¡& g‘mO Zo Eogo {ddmhmo§ H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm
àXmZ Zhr H$s Am¡a AZoH$ ZB© Om{V¶m| BZ Om{V ~{hîH¥$V bmoJm| Zo ~Zm {b¶m& CXmhaU Ho$ {b¶o
j{Ì¶ nwéf VWm d¡í¶ ór go ~Zr Om{V Aådï> H$hbm¶r& j{Ì¶ nwéf Ed§ ewÐ ór go ~Zm Om{V CJ«
H$hbm¶r& à{Vbmon {ddmhm| Ho$ H$maU ^r AZoH$ Om{V¶m± ~Zr ewÐ nwéf VWm ~«måhU ór go ~Zr
Om{V Mm§S>mb H$hbmVr h¡& Bg àH$ma AZwbmon à{Vbmon {ddmhm| go AZoH$ Om{V¶m| H$m OÝ‘ hþAm&
2) ì¶dgm¶m| na AmYm[aV Om{V¶m°§ :- gä¶Vm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW - gmW AZoH$ ZE CÚmoJmo YÝYm|
VWm ì¶dgm¶m| H$mo H$aZo dmbo ì¶{º$ AnZo ì¶dgm¶ Ho$ AmYma na Om{V¶m| ‘| n[ad{V©V hmo JB©&
CXmhaU Ho$ {bE ZmB©, Hw$åhma, gwZma, bmohma, ImVr, Zrbhma, Owbhm, Vobr BË¶mXr&
3) amOH$m¶© ‘| ZdrZ Om{V¶m± :- amOm Ho$ ¶hm± {d{^Þ H$m¶m} H$mo H$maZo Ho$ {bE AbJ - AbJ
bmoJ bJm¶o J¶o & ¶o ì¶{º$ AnZo-AnZo H$m¶© Ho$ AZwgma Om{V¶m| ‘| ~Xb J¶o & CXmhaUmW© amOm
Ho$ ¶hm± Omo ì¶{º$ boIZ H$m¶© H$aVm Wm & do H$m¶ñW H$hbmZo bJo &
4) Om{V ~{hîH$ma :- AZoH$ H$maUmo go EH$ Om{V Zo AnZr hr Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo Om{V go ~{hîH¥$V
H$a {X¶m Vmo Eogo bmoJm| Zo AbJ - AbJ Om{V H$m {Z‘m©U H$a {b¶m&
5) Ym{‘©H$ gåàXm¶ :- Ym{‘©H$ gåàXm¶ Ho$ AmYma na ^r AZoH$ ZdrZ Om{V¶m± ~Zr& CXmhaUmW©
H$~ra n§Wr, ¶mXÿ n§Wr, {b§Jm¶V, gVZm‘r Am{X&
6) àXoe Ho$ AmYma na Om{V¶m± :- àXoe Ho$ AmYma na ^r AZoH$ ZdrZ Om{V¶m± ~Zr& CXmhaU Ho$
{bE ‘¡{Wb, Jm¡S>, gmañdV, Am{XË¶, ga¶ynmUr, H$mÝ¶Hw$ãO Am{X&
7) {dXo{e¶m| Ho$ ^maV AmJ‘U Ho$ H$maU ^maV ‘| AZoH$mo {dXoer AmH${f©V hþE& CZ‘o ~hþV go ¶hm±
Ho$ g‘mO Ho$ A§J hmo J¶o& eH$, ¶dZ, Hw$fmU, BZ Am{X ^maV ‘| Am¶o VWm ¶hr Ho$ g‘mO ‘| g‘m

J¶o {Oggo AZoH$ Om{V¶m± ~Z JB©& Om{V ì¶dñWm go bm^ Om{V ì¶dñWm ^maV df© H$m Amaå^ go
hr à‘wI A§J h¡& Om{V ì¶dñWm Zo hr ^maV df© ‘| Amngr g‘Ý~Y ñWm{nV {H$¶m, gm‘m{OH$
ì¶dñWm àXmZ H$s VWm ‘wpñb‘ Ho$ AmJ‘Z Ho$ nyd© g‘mO H$mo EH$ aIZo ‘| g’$b ahr Wr& g‘mO
Ho$ àË¶oH$ dJ© Ûmam Bgo ñdrH$ma ^r {H$¶m J¶m Wm& Ama. gr. XÎm Ho$ eãXmo ‘| Bg ar[V Ho$ ~wao ’$b
^maVdf© ‘| ‘wgb‘mZm| Zo H$o AmZo go nhbo {XImB© Zhr nS>o Wo& Bg Om{V àW‘ go g‘mO VWm amï´> Ho$
AZoH$ bm^ {‘bo&
Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ JþU
1) g§J{R>V g‘mO H$m {Z‘m©U Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ AÝVJ©V g‘mO H$mo Om{V¶m| ‘| {d^m{OV H$a {X¶m
Wm& BZHo$ n¥WH$ - n¥WH$ H$m¶© Wo& AV: CZ‘| ~oH$mar H$s g‘ñ¶m Zhr Wr& Bg{b¶o g§Kf© B©î¶m©,
Ûof, K¥Um VWm ñnYm© Am{X Zhr Wr& n¥WH$-n¥WH$ Om{V¶m°§ hmoVo hþE ^r g‘m{dï> én ‘| g^r {hÝXþ
g‘mO Ho$ A§J Wo& {hÝXþËd Ho$ H$maU CZ‘| EH$Ëd H$s à~b ^mdZm Wr& g^r Om{V¶m± nañna ào‘ H$s
^mdZm go gmW {Zdm©h H$aVo Wo&
2) aº$ H$s ewÕVm :-àË¶oH$ Om{V Ho$ ImZ-nmZ VWm {ddmh gå~ÝYr AnZo {Z¶‘ Wo& BZ {Z¶‘m|
Ho$ AZwgma AÝVOmVr¶ {ddmh d{O©V Wo& AnZr hr Om{V ‘| {ddmh H$aZm A{Zdm¶© Wm& n[aUm‘V:
àË¶oH$ Om{V ‘| AnZr Om{V H$m aº$ àdm{hV hmoVm ahm VWm Om{V¶ aº$ H$s ewÕVm ~Zr ahr&
3) ì¶dm{g¶H$ XjVm :-Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ AmYma na H$m¶© H$m {d^mOZ hmoZo go g^r H$m¶©
d§emZwJV hmo J¶o& ~mbH$ àm¶: ~MnZ go hr AnZo ‘mVm {nVm Ho$ H$m¶m} ‘o hmW ~m±Q>Vm VWm ~S>m
hmoZo na Yrao - Yrao dh AnZo {nVm H$m ñWmZ J«hU H$a boVm & n[aUm‘V: CZ {deof CÚmoJ YÝYo ‘o§
dh XjVm àmá H$a boVm Wm&
4) à{VÛpÝXVm H$m Am^md :- Om{V ì¶dñWm ‘| àË¶oH$ H$m¶© H$m {d^mOZ H$a {X¶m J¶m Wm&
àË¶oH$ Om{V Ho$ AnZo ì¶dgm¶ Wo& H$moB© ^r ì¶{º$ AnZr Om{V Ho$ naånamJV H$m¶© H$mo N>moS>H$a

Xþgao H$m¶© H$mo Zhr AnZm gH$Vm Wm& AV: g^r AnZo AnZo H$m¶© ‘| ì¶ñV ahVo Wo VWm à{VÛpÝXVm
VWm à{VñnYm© H$s ^mdZm H$m nwam Am^md Wm&
5) {hÝXþ Y‘© H$mo gä¶Vm VWm àmMrZ g§ñH¥${V H$s ajm Om{V ì¶dñWm Zo {hÝXþ g§ñH¥${V H$s àmMrZ
H$mb go hr ajm H$s& na OdZm|, ¶wZm{Z¶m|§, eH$mo, Hw$fmUm}, hþUmo {e{W¶Zmo Ed§ nhbdm| Am{X
Om{V¶m| Zo àmMrZ H$mb ‘| AmH«$‘U {H$E naÝVw CZ g^r H$s Bg Om{V ì¶dñWm Zo ñWmZ XoH$a AnZo
‘| nMm {b¶m& ‘Ü¶ H$mb ‘| Bg Xoe na ‘wgb‘mZm| H$m AmH«$‘U hþAm& CÝhm|Zo Bg na emgZ {H$¶m,
CÝhm|Zo nyU© à¶ËZ {H$¶m {H$ {hÝXþ Y‘© Ho$ ñWmZ na gånyU© ^maV ‘| B©ñbm‘ Y‘© hmo OmE& Om{V
ì¶dñWm H$s Jhar nS> MwH$s OS> Ho$ H$maU hr CZHo$ ‘Zgw~o nwao Zhr hþE& Cg {dn{Îm H$mb ‘| Om{V
- ì¶dñWm Zo hr {hÝXþ Y‘© H$s ajm H$s&
6) g‘mZVm H$s ^mdZm :- Om{V, ì¶dñWm ‘| EH$ hr Om{V ‘| C±M ZrM H$s ^mdZm Zhr hmoVr& EH$
Om{V Ho$ A‘ra - Jar~ g‘mZ hmoVo h¡& do g^r, EH$ hr Om{O‘ na ~¢R> gH$Vo h¡, VWm ñdV§ÌVmnyd©H$
AnZo {dMma ã¶º$ H$aVo h¡& Bg àH$ma àË¶oH$ Om{V ‘| bmoH$VÝÌrH$ ^mdZm {dY‘mZ h¡& Om{V Ho$
g‘ñV gXñ¶m| Ho$ ñdV§Ì {dMmam| H$m ñdmJV hmoVm h¡& Om{V Ho$ g^r gXñ¶ AnZo OmVr¶ Ë¶m¡hmam|
CËgdm| ‘| gmW - gmW hr ^moOZ H$aVo h¡&
7) Om{VJV EH$Vm H$s ^mdZm :- EH$ Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| Amng ‘| ào‘ hmoVm h¡& CZ‘| EH$Vm VWm
gh¶moJ H$s ^mdZm {dY‘mZ ahVr h¡& EH$ Xþgao Ho$ XþI - gwI ‘| gX¡d gmW XoVo h¡& OÝ‘, {ddmh,
gm‘m{OH$ CËgd Ë¶m¡hma VWm gwI-XþI Am{X Ho$ g‘¶ ‘| Om{V Ho$ gXñ¶ EH$ Xþgao H$m gømoJ
H$aVo h¡& AnZr Om{V Ho$ {b¶o n¥WH$ {M{H$Ëgmb¶, Y‘©embm¶|, dm~{S>¶m±, Hw$E±, {dYmb¶ VWm
‘hm{dÚmb¶ Am{X {Z{‘©V {H$¶o OmVo h¡& AnZr Om{V Ho$ Jar~ ~ƒm| H$mo N>mÌd¥Îmr¶m± àXmZ H$s
OmVr h¡& AnZr Om{V H$s CÞVr Ho$ {b¶o Ë¶mJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r gX¡d V¡¶ma ahVo h¡&
8) Om{V ‘| nañna ào‘ ^md :- Om{V ì¶dñWm ‘| AZoH$ Om{V¶m± hmoVr h¡, {OZHo$ ñd¶§ Ho$ OmVr¶
{Z¶‘ hmoVo h¡, naÝVw ¶o ñd¶§ H$s {hÝXþ g‘mO H$m hr A§J ‘mZVr h¡& àË¶oH$ Om{V H$mo AnZr pñWVr

VWm H$V©ì¶ H$m ~moY h¡, {Oggo gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dñWm {R>H$ T>§J go Mb ahr h¡& Om{V¶m± ‘| Amng ‘|
ào‘ VWm gX²^md h¡& Bg Xoe ‘| A{YH$ma H$‘©dmX VWm nwZO©Ý‘ ‘o§ {dídmg H$aVo h¡ VWm {ZåZ
Om{V¶m± ¶h {dídmg H$aVr h¡, {H$ gËH$‘© H$aZo go CZH$m Xþgam OÝ‘ Cƒ Om{V ‘| hmoJm& Bgr H$maU
¶hm± Om{V g§Kf© H$^r Zhr hþAm, ³¶m|{H$ g^r AnZr - AnZr pñWVr go gÝVwï> h¡&&
9) ~oamoOJmar H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m {ZamH$aU ^maVdf© ‘| AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ ‘| g~go ~S>r g‘ñ¶m ~oamoOJmar
H$s g‘ñ¶m h¡& AmO ¶wdH$mo ‘| AgÝVmof ì¶má h¡ VWm dV©‘mZ gm‘m{OH$ VWm amOZ¡{VH$ T>m±Mo Ho$
{déÕ {dÐmoh H$s ^mdZm¶| OmJ¥V hmo ahr h¡, {H$ÝVw àmMrZ H$mb ‘| ~oH$mar H$s H$moB© O{Q>b g‘ñ¶m
Zht Wr& àË¶oH$ Om{V Ho$ H$m¶© {ZpíMV Wo VWm àË¶oH$ ¶wdH$ H$mo ‘mby‘ Wm, {H$ Cgo ³¶m H$aZm h¡&
10) Agm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m} na amoH$, Om{V ì¶dñWm ‘| àË¶oH$ Om{V H$s AnZr AmMma g§{hV h¡& àË¶oH$
gXñ¶ H$mo CZ {Z¶‘m| H$m nmbZ H$aZm nS>Vm h¡& Omo ì¶{º$ Om{V Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$m Cb§KZ H$aVm h¡, Cgo
Om{V Ûmam ~{hîH¥$V H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg{bE ì¶{º$ ‘Z‘mZo T>§J go H$m¶© Zhr H$a gH$Vo& ‘Zwî¶
Hw$H$‘m} go ~MVm h¡, nmn H$‘m} ¶m JbV H$m¶© H$aZo go S>aVm h¡& Cgo H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ ¶h Ü¶mZ ahVm
h¡,{H$ dh Eogo H$moB© JbV H$m¶© Zht H$ao {Oggo CgHo$ OmVr¶ Jm¡ad H$mo {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s R>og
nhþ±Mo&Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ H$maU e{º$ H$m ^r {d^mOZ hmo J¶m& ~«m÷Um| Ho$ nmg Ym{‘©H$, e¡{jH$
VWm AÜ¶mpË‘H$ e{º$ Vmo, j{Ì¶m| H$o nmg emg{ZH$ VWm g¡{ZH$ e{º$, Vmo d¡í¶m| Ho$ nmg KZ e{º$
^maV Ho$ ^yVnyd© amï´>n{V S>m°. amYmH¥$îUZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ ""Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ ahVo H$^r g¡{ZH$
VmZmemhr ñWm{nV Zhr hmo gH$Vr& ~«m÷Umo Zo {ZewëH$ {ejm H$m àMma {H$¶m, VWm amOnwÌm| Zo Xoe
H$s ajm Ho$ {b¶o AmË‘~{bXmZ VWm d¡í¶m| Zo ì¶mnma, ì¶dgm¶ VWm H$bm Ho$ joÌ ‘| h‘oem amï´> Ho$
{bE V¡¶ma aho& Bgr H$maU Bg Xoe ‘| h‘oem dñVwH$bm, {MÌH$bm g§JrV H$bm, {eënH$bm, bKw
Ed§ Hw$Q>ra CÚmoJ ‘| CÞVr {H$¶m& Bg Xoe ‘| gX¡d hr B§{O{ZAa ^dZ {Z‘m©VmAm|, ‘y{V©H$amo,
{MÌH$mam| H$m ~hþVm¶V ahm&
Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ Xmof

^maV df© H$m namYrZ hmo OmZm Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ H$maU hr ^maVdf© hOmamo dfm] VH$ nam{YZ ahm&
BgH$m à‘wI H$maU ¶h Wm, {H$ Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ AmYma na emgZ H$aZo VWm Xoe H$s gwajm H$m
H$m¶© Ho$db ‘mÌ j{Ì¶mo§ H$mo gm¡§n {X¶m J¶m Wm& Xþgar Om{V¶m| Ho$ {b¶o goZm ‘| àdoe d{O©V Wm&
j{Ì¶m| Ho$ A{V[aº$ ~«m÷U d¡í¶ VWm {ZåZ Om{V¶m± ¶wÕ H$m¶m} ‘| CXmgrZ hmo J¶o CYa BZ amOnwVm|
H$s Om{V¶m| H$s e{º$ H$m H«$‘e: hmg hmoZo bJm& O~ {dXo{e¶m| Zo CZ na AmH«$‘U {H$¶o V~ do ¶wÕ
‘| nam{OV hmo J¶o& Xþgar Om{V¶m| Zo CZH$s H$moB© ghm¶Vm Zhr H$r, Om{V ì¶dñWm Zo ¶hm± Ho$ bmoJm|
H$o gmoMZo H$s e{º$ BVZr H$‘Omoa H$a {X¶m H$s Xoe H$s naVÝÌVm H$m à^md g^r na nS>oJm Z {H$
amOnwVm| na hr& n[aUm‘ñdén hOmamo§ dfm} VH$ Bg Xoe H$m emofU hmoVm ahm VWm Xoe H$m {dH$mg
Mmam| Am¡a go éH$ J¶m&
2) g¡{ZH$ e{º$ H$m hmg :- Om{V ì¶dñWm Ho$ AÝVJ©V Ho$db j{Ì¶ hr goZmAm| ‘| ^Vu hmo gH$Vo
Wo& AÝ¶ Om{V¶m| Ho$ ì¶{º$ Mmho emararH$ Ñ{ï> go {H$VZo hr ñdmñW ³¶m| Z hmo do goZm ‘| àdoe Zhr
bo gH$Vo Wo& AV: AÝ¶ Om{V¶m| Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo g¡{ZH$ à{ejU àmá H$aZo H$m H$moB© A{YH$ma Zhr
Wm& j{Ì¶m| Ho$ ñd¶§ ‘| ’y$Q> Wr do EH$ - Xþgao H$mo ZrMm {XImZo H$m {ZaÝVa à¶mg H$aVo ahVo Wo&
‘Ü¶H$mb ‘| Xoe H$m gå~ÝY AÝ¶ {díd go Nw>Q> J¶m& ^maV ‘| dhr naånamJV eóm| H$m àMbZ ahm
O~{H$ {díd ‘| AÝ¶ Z¶o eóm| H$m A{dîH$ma hmo MwH$m Wm& n[aUm‘V: g¡{ZH$ e{º$ {ZaÝVa jrU
hmoVr ahr& {dXo{e¶m| Zo ¶hm± H$s goZmAm| H$mo nam{OV H$a ¶hm± emgZ ñWm{nV H$a {b¶m Wm& ¶hr
Om{V ì¶dñWm H$m gdm}n[a Xmof Wm&

3 Aml‘ ì¶dñWm
Aml‘ eãX ""l‘'' go ~Zm h¡& {OgH$m AW© h¡, EH$ Eogm OrdZ {Og‘| ì¶{º$ AË¶m{YH$ l‘
H$aVm h¡& BgH$mo g§ñH¥$V ^mfm ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡, {H$ Amlmå¶§pÝV Apñ‘Z B{V Aml‘:& {Og àH$ma
g‘mO H$mo gwMmé g§J{R>V, {Z¶{‘V T>§J go MbmZo Ho$ {bE dU© ì¶dñWm H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m Wm&
R>rH$ Cgr àH$ma EH$ ì¶{º$ Ho$ gånyU© OrdZ H$mo {Z¶{‘V VWm C{MV {Xem ‘| {dH$mg Ho$ {bE
Aml‘ ì¶dñWm H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m Wm& Bgr ì¶dñWm go ‘Zwî¶ H$m gdm©{JH$ {dH$mg àmaå^
hmoVm h¡& S>m°. dr. E‘. qgh Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ ""Aml‘ H$m AW© OrdZ H$m dh {d^mJ h¡, {Og‘| ‘Zwî¶
à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡&''
à^w Ho$ eãXm| ‘| ""Aml‘m| H$mo OrdZ Ho$ ApÝV‘ bú¶ Ma‘ ‘w{º$ H$s {Xem ‘| ‘Zwî¶ H$s ¶mÌm ‘|
AmZo dmbo {‘bZ ñWmZm| Ho$ én ‘| g‘PZm Mm{hE&''
Bg Vah ñnï> h¡ {H$ dh ñWmZ Ohm± {ZpíMV g‘¶ Ho$ {b¶o {ZpíMV ¶m {deof {ejm Ho$ kmZ Ho$ {b¶o
gmYZ H$s OmVr h¡, Aml‘ H$hbmVm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$s ‘m¡{bH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {b¶o g‘ñV
{H«$¶mAm| H$s gwì¶dpñWV én go {ZX}{eV H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m hr Aml‘ ì¶dñWm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$s ‘m¡{bH$
Amdí¶H$Vm¶o§ kmZ àmá H$aZm, ‘m¡{bH$ gwI H$m AmZÝX boZm VWm AÝV ‘| ‘moj àmá H$aZm hr h¡&
AV: h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¡, {H$ ""Aml‘ ì¶dñWm dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘mZd kmZr go ^moJr ^moJr go
{daº$, {daº$ go ¶moJr ~ZH$a ñd¶§ H$mo na‘mË‘m ‘| brZ H$a boVm h¡&'' Aml‘ ì¶dñWm H$m
Y‘©emó ‘| Mma {d^mJm| ‘| C„oI àmá hmoVm h¡& {d{eï> Y‘© gwÌ Ho$ AZwgma ~«÷M¶©, J¥hñW,
dmZàñW VWm gÝ¶mgr& AmnñVå~ Y‘© gwÌ Ho$ AZwgma ""~«÷M¶©, J¥hñW, JwéXoh ^y{‘ én ‘| ahZm
VWm dZ ‘| ahZm&'' Jm¡V‘ ‘wZr Zo ^r Mma Aml‘m| H$m C„oI {H$¶m h¡& ~«÷M¶© J¥hñW, {^jw VWm
d¡ImZg&''‘Zw Zo ^r Mma Aml‘m| H$m C„oI {H$¶m h¡& CÝhmoZo {bIm h¡ {H$ ""eVmnwV} nwéf'' AWm©V
nwéf H$m OrdZ 100 dfm] H$m hmoVm h¡& AV: BZ Mmam| H«$‘m| H$m H$mb 25 -25 dfm] hmo gH$Vm h¡&
n«W‘ 25 df© ‘| ì¶{³V H$mo ~«÷Mmar OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a Jwé Ho$ Ka na ahH$a {dÚm

J«hU H$aZr Mm{hE& 25 go 50 df© H$s Ad{Y H$mo J¥hñW Ho$ én ‘| ì¶VrV H$aZm Mm{hE VWm Bgr
H$mb ‘| gÝVmZmoËn{V Ûmam {nV¥F$U VWm ¶k H$aHo$ Xod F$U MwH$mZm Mm{hE &50 df© Ho$ ~mX ì¶{º$
H$s O§Jbmo ‘| OmH$a AamYZm H$aZr Mm{h¶o VWm 75 df© Ho$ ~mX EH$ gÝ¶mgr Ho$ én ‘| OrdZ
ì¶VrV H$aZm Mm{h¶o& Bg àH$ma Aml‘ ì¶dñWm Mma h¡&
~«÷M¶© Aml‘
EH$ ì¶{º$ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| gd©à‘wI Aml‘ ~«÷M¶© h¡& S>m°. nr. nr. H$mU} Zo {bIm h¡, {H$ ""~«÷Mm¶©
‘| ì¶{º$ H$mo AZwemgZ VWm g§H$ën Ho$ AZwgma ahZm nS>Vm Wm Cgo AVrV H$mb Ho$ gm{hË¶rH$
^ÊS>ma H$m kmZ àmá H$aZm nS>Vm Wm& Cgo AmkmH$arVm, AmXa gmXo OrdZ VWm Cƒ {dMma Ho$
gXJwU grIZo nS>Vo Wo& ~«÷Mm¶© Aml‘ dmñVd ‘| {dÚmWu OrdZ H$mb hmoVm Wm, {Og‘| ì¶{º$
AnZo Jwé Ho$ Ka OmH$a {ejm J«hU H$aVm Wm& ~«÷Mmar H$mo Jwé Ho$ Xmofm| H$mo Zhr XoIH$a Ho$db
CgHo$ JwUm| H$mo J«hU H$aZm Mm{hE& O~ Jwé gmo Om¶ Vmo gmoZm Mm{hE Ed§ Od Jwé OJo Vmo Cggo nwd©
hr OJZm Mm{hE, ~«÷Mmar H$mo O‘rZ na gmoZm Mm{hE& S>m°. H$nm{S>¶m Zo Bg g§~§Y ‘| {bIm h¡, {H$
Jwé Am¡a {eî¶ H$m g§~§Y AQy>Q> Wm& Jwé H$mo na‘mË‘m H$o g‘H$j ‘mZm OmVm Wm& Jwé Am¡a {eî¶
{‘bH$a EH$ Eogo g‘mO H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo Wo& {Og‘| àmMrZ ^maV Ho$ g‘Ýd¶ Ho$ g^r VËd {dÚ‘mZ
Wo& Aml‘ ì¶dñWm H$m dU©Z JrVm VWm ‘hm^maV ‘| ^r {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Aml‘ ì¶dñWm Ho$ ~mao ‘|
‘hm^maV ‘| {bIm J¶m h¡, {H$ ¶h Aml‘ ì¶dñWm énr Mma nXm| dmbr grT>r h¡, Omo ~«÷m H$s Amoa
H«$‘e: bo OmVr h¡& Omo Bg grT>r na MT>Zo ‘o g‘W© hmoH$a MT> OmVm h¡, dh AÝV ‘| ~«åh bmoH$ ¶m
‘moj àmá H$a boVm h¡& Aml‘ ì¶dñWm H$s àW‘ grT>>r ~«÷Mm¶© h¡& Bg‘o ~mbH$ H$mo AnZm OrdZ
dhm± ì¶VrV H$aZm hmoVm Wm, Ohm± Jwé Hw$bmo H$m n{dÌ dm¶w ‘ÊS>b {nV¥Vwë¶ drVamJ AmMm¶© ‘Zrfr
CnmÜ¶m¶ dJ© go emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a AmpË‘H$ CÞ{V H$m gwAdga àmá hmoVm Wm& Bg H$mb ‘|
{dÚm{W©¶mo H$mo doXm{X emóm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z VWm kmZ {dkmZm| H$m CnmO©Z H$aZm hmoVm Wm& ~«÷M¶©
eãX H$m AW© ñnï> H$aVo hþE& J«ÝWmo Zo {bIm J¶m h¡, {H$ ~«åh AWm©V B©ída H$s àm{á VWm doX Ho$
¶WmW© kmZ gånmXZ Ho$ {bE {deof d«V H$m Zm‘ ~«åhM¶© aIm OmVm Wm& BZ H$mbm| Ho$ Zm‘ dgw éÐ

VWm Am{XË¶ Wo & Omo ì¶º$s H$‘ go H$‘ 24 df© VH$ ~«åhM¶© H$m nmbZ H$aVo Wo, do Am{XË¶
~«åhMmar H$hbmVo Wo& emar[aH$, dm{MH$, ‘mZ{gH$ n{dÌVm VWm nwU© g§¶‘ ~«åhM¶© d«V H$m
‘ybmYma Wm& ~«÷M¶© Ho$ Ûmam hr ì¶º$s H$m emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg gå^d hmo gH$Vm Wm&
{dÛmZm| Zo Bg H$mb H$mo Vnñ¶m H$m H$mb H$hm h¡ & Bg H$mb ‘| {dÚmWu¶m| H$mo ‘hmàH¥$Vr Ho$ gmW
g‘Ýd¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo H$s {ejm H$s OmVr h¡ & ~«÷M¶© H$mb H$s à‘wI {deofVm ¶‘-{Z¶‘ H$m
nmbZ H$aZm VWm àH¥$Vr ‘| {ZhrV g‘ñV eº$s go àUpÝdV hmoZm Wr&
~«÷M¶© Aml‘ ‘o ~«÷Mm[a¶m| H$mo ‘Zw Zo OwVm N>mVm Am{X YmaU H$aZm {ZfoY ~Vm¶m , ³¶mo§H$s Bg
H$mb ‘| Cn{O©V e{º$, kmZ, g§¶‘, J¥hñWml‘ H$s Ym{‘©H$ àd¥{Îm, dmZàñW H$s Vnñ¶m Am¡a
gÝ¶m{g¶mo§H$m ~«÷kmZ g^r d«V, Vn, VWm, dr¶©, ajm na hr {Z^©a H$aVo h¡& Bg g§~§Y ‘o ‘Zw Zo
H$hm Wm {H$ "~«÷Mmar H$mo Jwé Aml‘ ‘| ahVo hþE, BpÝÐ¶ g§¶‘ H$aHo$ Vnmo~b ~T>mZo Ho$ {b¶o
g‘w{MV {Z¶‘m| H$m nmbZ H$aZm Mm{h¶o& ~«åhMmar H$mo Vob ‘X©Z, Am§Imo ‘| A§O‘, nmXþH$m, N>Ì
YmaU Zht H$aZm Mm{h¶o Am¡a Z hr H$m‘, H«$moY, bmo^, {‘Ï¶m, ~MZ, {ó¶m| Ho$ à{V H$Q>mj ¶m
AmqbJZ Am{X Zht H$aZm Mm{h¶o& BgHo$ A{V[aº$ ‘Zw Zo ~«÷Mmar H$o {b¶o Hw$N> Eogo {Z¶‘m| ~Vm¶o
h¡& {OZHo$ nmbZ ‘| ~«÷Mmar H$r Vnñ¶m ‘| ì¶dYmZ CnpñWV Zht hmo gH$Vm& dh {ZÛ¡ÝX, em[a[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$, e{º$ g§M¶ H$aVm hþAm B©ída H$s àm{á H$aZo ‘| g‘W© hmo gH$Vm h¡& àm¶: g§gma ‘| ¶h
XoIm OmVm h¡, {H$ EH$ dñVw AWdm H$m¶© go ‘Zwî¶ àYmZV:, Am{Y‘¡{VH$, Am{XX¡{dH$ ¶m
AÜ¶mpË‘H$ CÞVr H$a gH$Vm h¡& bo{H$Z ~«åhM¶© VrZm| e{º$¶m| H$mo g§{MV H$aZo H$m EH$‘mÌ AmYma
h¡& Bg gådÝ¶ ‘| ‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX²> ‘| {bIm J¶m h¡, {H$ gË¶ Vnñ¶m kmZ Am¡a ~«÷M¶© Ho$ Ûmam
AmË‘m H$s CnbpãY hmoVr h¡& ~«÷M¶© kmZ ê$n àXrn Ho$ {b¶o V¡b ê$n h¡& Am¡a g§gma g‘wÐ ‘|
nW^«ï àm{U¶m| Ho$ {bE AmH$meXrn Ho$ g‘mZ h¡& Bgr ~«åhM¶© Ho$ nmbZ go AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {~«{dK
CÞ{V H$aVm hþAm& ‘mZd na‘mË‘m H$m gmjmËH$ma H$a boVm Wm&~«h‘M¶© H$mo OrdZ H$m ¶k Ed§ Bï>
H¥$Ë¶ dVm¶m h¡& Bg ~«÷M¶© Ho$ Ûmam hr ‘Zwî¶ AmË‘m H$mo àmá hr OmVm h¡& doXkmVm ‘Zrfr {OgH$mo
na‘ nwéf H$hm OmVm h¡, dmgZm a{hV g{VJU na‘nX H$s BÀN>m ‘o gmYH$ hmoH$a ~«÷M¶© H$m nmbZ

H$aVo h¡& ~«÷Mm¶© H$mo ñnï> H$aVo hþE JrVm ‘| {bIm J¶m h¡, {H$ ""{Og e{º$ Ho$ Ûmam ‘h{f©JU
àmMrZ H$mb ‘| ~«÷kmZ H$mo àmá H$aHo$ {X½XJÝV ‘| CgH$s ÜdOm ’$hamVo Wo Am¡a {Og e{º$ Ho$ Ûmam
CZHo$ g‘m{Y ewÐ A§V:H$aU ‘| doX H$s Á¶mo{V à{V’$b[V hþAm H$aVr Wr dh e{º$ ‘hm{f¶m| ‘| ~«÷
H$s hr e{º$ h¡& ~«÷ kmZ H$s àm{á ~«÷M¶© Ho$ Ûmam hr hmoVr h¡& ~«÷mOr Zo gd©àW‘ ~«÷kmZ àmá
H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Xod - XmZdm| H$mo ~Îmrg - ~Îmrg dfm} H$m g‘¶ {X¶m Wm, bo{H$Z BÝÐ hr ~«åh H$m
kmZ àmá H$a gH$m& BgHo$ ~mX ^r dh AZoH$ dfm©o VH$ H$m¶© H$a gH$m& ‘Z, dm¶w, dr¶© VrZmo H$m
nañna gå~ÝY h¡& {H$gr EH$ Ho$ ~er^wV hmo OmZo na ~m±H$s XmoZmo VËd ^r ~er^wV hmo OmVo h¡& ¶hr
~«÷M¶© H$m AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ bm^ h¡& ~«÷M¶© H$m nmbZ H$aZo go Am{X X¡{dH$ CÞVr VWm na‘ e{º$
àmá hmo OmVr h¡&
~«÷M¶© H$m nmbZ H$aZo go ~«÷bmoH$ H$s àmár hmo OmVr h¡& ~«÷bmoH$ ‘| {gÕnwéf hr H$m‘Mmar hmoVr
h¡& ¶h g~ ~«÷M¶© Ho$ Ûmam hr gå‘d h¡& X¡dr e{º$ àmá hmoZo na hr ^rî‘ {nVm‘h H$mo BÀN>m ‘¥Ë¶w
àmá hþB© Wr Am¡a eae¡æ¶m na e¶Z H$aVo hþE ~«÷kmZ H$m CnXoe {X¶m Wm& ~«÷Mm¶© Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
H$m{bXmg Zo {bIm h¡, {H$ ""dmñVd ‘| ñWwb eara - ajm Ho$ {~Zm ‘Zwî¶ gdm©JrU {dH$mg Zhr H$a
gH$Vm& ‘Zwî¶ H$s emararH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ CÞ{V ñdñW eara na hr {Z^©a h¡& ñdmñW ~«÷M¶© na hr
{Z^©a h¡& ~«÷M¶© H$m nmbZ H$aZo Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Xj g§{hVm ‘| {bIm h¡, {H$ ñ‘aU {H$V©Z Ho$ Xe©Z
Jwá dmVm©bmn g§H$ën Moï>m Am¡a {H«$¶m g‘m{á ¶o hr ‘¡WwZ Ho$ AmR> A§J h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV ~«÷M¶© h¡
Omo gX¡d nmbZ ¶mo½¶ h¡& ~«÷M¶© H$m nmbZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o eara, ‘Z ~w{Õ VrZm| H$m hr g§¶V aIZm
~«÷Mmar H$m H$V©ì¶ h¡& ~«÷Mmar H$mo gmpËdH$ Amhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
~«÷M¶© Ho$ àH$ma :- J«ÝWm| ‘| ~«÷M¶© Xmo àH$ma H$m ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& EH$ Z¡{ð>H$ Xþgam CnHw$f©U
~«åhM¶© & Omo ì¶{º$ Z¡{ð>H$ ~«÷Mmar hmoVo h¡, CZH$mo J¥hñWml‘ H$mo Amkm Zhr h¡& Bg‘| AmOÝ‘
~«÷M¶© H$m nmbZ H$m {dYmZ h¡& ¶{X {eî¶ ‘| AmOÝ‘ nmbZ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡, Vmo Jwé Cgo Z¡{ð>H$
~«÷Mmar ~ZZo H$s Amkm XooVo Wo& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| Omdmb ‘w{Z H$m {dMma h¡, {H$ ""~«÷M¶© Aml‘
g‘má H$aHo$ J¥hñWr hmoZo& J¥hñWr Ho$ ~mX dmZàñWr ~Zo, dmZàñW Ho$ ~mX gÝ¶mg J«hU H$a|& d¡am½¶

H$m CX¶ hmoVo hr gÝ¶mg bo& Bg àH$ma ^maVr¶ g‘mO ì¶dñWm ‘| ~«÷M¶© Aml‘ H$m gdm}n[a
‘hËd h¡& d¡{XH$ {dYmZ Ho$ AZwgma ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| Aml‘m| H$s ì¶dñWm gdm©{YH$ nwamZr h¡& Mmam|
Aml‘m| ‘| J¥hñWml‘ H$m ‘mZd OrdZ ‘| ‘hËdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& d¡{XH$ {dMmaYmam Ho$ AZwgma
J¥hñWml‘ ‘| àdoe H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o doXmo ‘o Am¶w 25 df© {ZYm©[aV h¡&
d¡{XH$ {dMmaYmam Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZd OrdZ ‘| J¥hñWml‘ H$m Amaå^ {ddmh g§ñH$ma Ho$ gmW
hmoVm h¡& {ddmh g§ñH$ma J¥hñWml‘ H$m g~go àYmZ g§ñH$ma h¡& doXm| ‘o {ddmh g§ñH$ma Ho$ {ZåZ
CXoí¶m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
1) B©ída H$s ^{º$ H$m Aä¶mg &
2) JbV àd¥{Îm H$m {damoY &
3) nwÌmoËnmXZ Ûmam d§e H$s ajm&
{Zð>mdmZ ~«÷Mmar Ho$ {bE {dYmZ {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ CgHo$ g‘ñV F$U kmZmonmO©Z go CÌ¥U
hmo OmVo h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$mo Ì¶ F$Um| go ‘wº$ hmoZo H$s H$moB© Amem Zhr h¡& CgHo$ F$U kmZ ¶k ‘o§ hr b¶
hmo OmVo h¡& {H$ÝVw EH$ J¥hñWr H$mo {nV¥ F$Um{X go CÌ¥U hmoZo Ho$ {bE Cna {Z{Xï> AmMaU H$aZm
Mm{hE&
‘mZd H$m ‘Z àm¶ : M§Mb hmoVm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$mo BpÝX¶m± M§Mb ‘Z H$m gmW XoVr h¡& Bg g§gma MH«$
‘| Zmar Ed§ nwéf H$m {dYmZ h¡, {H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$m ‘Z ñdV§ÝÌ hmoZo H$o H$maU ^moJ {dbmg H$s Am¡a
AJ«ga hmoVm h¡& àË¶oH$ ‘mZd Ho$ ôX¶ ‘| Zmar Ho$ à{V Am¡a Zmar Ho$ ôX¶ ‘| ‘mZd Ho$ à{V a{V^md
hmoVm h¡& ¶h a{V^md àH¥${V H$s hr XoZ h¡& ¶{X Bg a{V^md H$mo ‘w³V ^moJ H$s Am¡a AJ«ga H$a {X¶m
OmE Vmo ‘mZd H$m {dZme Adí¶å‘mdr hmo OmEJm& ‘mZd Ûmam ñWm{nV g‘ñV ‘mÝ¶Vm¶o Am¡a
ì¶dñWmAm| H$m g§MmbZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ nwéf Am¡a EH$ ór H$mo nañna Y‘© ^mdZm Ho$ gmW
~m±YH$a ^md ew[Õnwd©H$ {d{^Þ {Z¶‘m| ‘| AmdÛ H$a gm‘{OH$ ì¶dñWm Ho$ g§MmbZ Ho$ {b¶o
J¥hñWml‘ ‘| {ddmh g§ñH$ma H$m {dYmZ {H$¶m J¶m h¡&

{ddmh g§ñH$ma H$m CXoí¶ gÝVmZmoËn{V go d§e H$s ajm H$aZm Am¡a {nV¥F$j go CF$U hmoZm h¡& Bg
gå~ÝY ‘| ‘Zw Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ ""F${fF$U XodF$U Am¡a {nV¥F¥$U VrZm| F$Um| go ‘wº$ hmoH$a ‘moj ‘|
{MÎm H$mo bJmZm Mm{hE & Omo ì¶{º$ BZ VrZm| F$Um| go ‘wº$ hþE {~Zm Y‘© H$m nmbZ Ed§ Aml¶ boVm
h¡, dh nVZ H$s Am¡a AJ«ga hmoVm h¡& F${f F$U go ‘wº$ hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o ñdmÜ¶m¶, {nV¥F$U go
nwÌmoËn{V VWm Xod F$U go ‘wº$ hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶k H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
J¥hñW Aml‘
~«÷M¶© Ho$ ~mX ì¶{º$ J¥hñW Aml‘ ‘| àdoe H$aVm Wm& Bg Aml‘ ‘| àdoe H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶h
Amdí¶H$ Wm, {H$ {d{Y {dYmZ Ho$ AZwgma ì¶{º$ EH$ H$Ý¶m go {ddmh gånÞ H$ao& Bg Aml‘ ‘|
ì¶º$r OrdZ H$s g^r AmH$m§jmAm| H$mo nwVu H$aVm h¡ VWm EH$ Hw$eb ZmJ[aH$ eãXm| ‘| ~«÷M¶© Ho$
CnamÝV ì¶{º$ {ddmh H$aZm Wm, J¥hñWr hmoVm Wm, OrdZ H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVm Wm, gÝVmZmoËn{V H$aZm
Wm, AnZr gÝVmZm|, {‘Ìm| gå~pÝY¶m| VWm nS>mo{g¶m| Ho$ à{V AnZo H$V©ì¶ H$m nmbZ H$aVm Wm& V~
dh Cn¶moJr n[al‘r VWm ¶mo½¶ ZmJ[aH$ hmoVm Wm, VWm EH$ Hw$b H$m g§ñWmnH$ hmoVm Wm& Bg
Aml‘ ‘| ì¶{º$ AnZo OrdZ Ho$ 25 dfm©o H$mo ì¶VrV H$aVm Wm&
¶h Aml‘ g‘ñV Aml‘m| go loð> ~Vbm¶m J¶m h¡& ‘Zwñ‘¥{V H$m ‘V h¡, {H$ O¡go Ord dm¶w Ho$ ghmao
OrVo h¡, R>rH$ Bgr àH$ma J¥hñW Ho$ ghmao g^r Aml‘ hmoVo h¡& Jm¡V‘ VWm ~moYm¶Z H$m ^r ‘V h¡,
{H$ dmñVd ‘| Aml‘ Ho$db EH$ hr h¡ Am¡a dh h¡ J¥hñWml‘& ~«÷M¶© Aml‘ BgH$m EH$ àmapå^H$
MaU h¡, Omo BgH$s V¡¶mar Ho$ {b¶o ~Zm¶m J¶m h¡& dmZàñW VWm OrdZ ¶mnZ H$m {ZX}e H$aZo dmbo
h¡& ì¶mg ñ‘¥{V ‘| {bIm h¡, {H$ Omo J¥hñWml‘ ‘| àdoe H$aZo H$o níMmV ^r {OVopÝÐ¶ h¡, CÝho Ka ‘|
hr g^r VrWm] Ho$ ’$b {‘bVo h¡ VWm nmnm| go ‘wº$ hmo OmVo h¡&
{hÝXþ Xe©Z ‘| Mmam| Aml‘m| ‘| J¥hñWm l‘ H$mo gd©loð> ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& ‘hm^maV ‘| J¥hñWml‘ H$m
Jm¡ad JmZ AÝ¶ emóm| H$s Anojm A{YH$ {‘bVm h¡& empÝVnd© ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡, {H$ O¡go ‘mVm Ho$
AmYma na g~ àmUr OrVo h¡, d¡go hr AÝ¶ Aml‘m| H$s pñWVr J¥hñW Ho$ AmYma na h¡& J¥hñWml‘

H$mo g~go CƒñWmZ H$s pñWVr J¥hñW Ho$ AmYma na h¡& ~¥hñWml‘ H$mo g~go Cƒ ñWmZ àXmZ {H$¶m
J¶m h¡& EH$ ~ma ¶w{Õ{ð>a ~hþV emoH$mHw$b hmo J¶o Am¡a J¥hñWml‘ H$mo Ë¶mJ H$a dmZàñW Aml‘ ‘|
àdoe H$aZo H$s gmoMZo bJo& V~ ã¶mg F${f Zo Hw$N> ~«m÷U ¶wdH$mo H$m Ñï>mÝV XoH$a CÝho Eogm H$aZo go
amoH$m& CÝho g‘Pm¶m {H$ n{dÌVm àm{á H$m C{MV ‘mJ© J¥hñWml‘ Ho$ H$V©ì¶ C{MV én go nwao H$aZo
‘| hr h¡& ì¶mg F${f Ho$ AZwgma Cggo Cƒ Y‘© O¡gm H$s emómo Zo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& J¥hñdm‘r H$mo
nwao g‘¶ VH$ J¥hñWml‘ Ho$ H$V©ì¶ H$m C{MV VarHo$ nmbZ H$aZo ‘| hr h¡&
‘Zwñ‘¥{V Ho$ AZwgma ""{Og àH$ma g^r OÝVw dm¶w Ho$ ghmao OrVo h¡, Cgr àH$ma g^r Aml‘ J¥hñW
go hr OrVo h¡& g^r Aml‘m| Ho$ ì¶{º$ H$s ³¶m|{H$ J¥hñWml‘ go hr n{dÌ kmZ Ed§ ^moOZ àmá H$aZm
hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE J¥hñWml‘ hr loï> Aml‘ h¡& {Og àH$ma g^r N>moQ>r Am¡a ~S>r Z{X¶m± A§V ‘| g‘wÐ
‘| g^m OmVr h¡& Cgr àH$ma g^r Aml‘ J¥hñW go hr gwajm ñWm{¶Ëd àmá H$aVo h¡& J¥h ñWml‘ H$mo
{ZåZ{b{IV H$maUmo§ go gd©loð> H$hm J¶m h¡&
1) gd©gmYmaU H$m H$ë¶mU :- J¥hñWm Aml‘ Ho$ A{V[aº$ g^r Aml‘ ì¶{º$JV H$ë¶mU H$s
Am¡a Ü¶mZ XoVo h¡& na gm‘w{hH$ Aml‘ H$mo Ho$db J¥hñWml‘ hr ‘hËd XoVo h¡& O¡go - ~«÷M¶© Aml‘
ì¶{º$JV én go Ho$db kmZ H$s àm{á Am¡a ì¶{º$JV JwUm| H$mo àmá H$aZo H$s Ñ{ï> go hr ‘hËdnyU© h¡,
dmZàñV VWm g§Ý¶mg Aml‘ ‘| ^r ì¶{º$ AHo$bo hr ñd¶§ H$mo ‘moj àm{á Ho$ AZwHw$b ~ZmZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma VrZmo Aml‘ gm‘y{hH$ H$ë¶mU H$s Am¡a H$moB© Zhr XoVo h¡& J¥hñWml‘
gm‘m{OH$ ‘wë¶mo go ^r gå~mpÝYV h¡& EH$ J¥hñW VrZm| Aml‘m| ‘o§ ì¶{º$¶m| H$s àË¶j én go
ghm¶Vm H$aZm h¡, {OgHo$ {~Zm {H$gr ^r Aml‘ ‘| ì¶{º$ AnZo Y‘© H$m nmbZ Zhr H$a gH$Vo& Ho$.
E‘. H$nm{S>¶m Ho$ AZwgma ""J¥hñV go ~«m÷U|§ H$mo ^oQ> {dÚm{W¶m| H$mo AÜ¶¶Z ewëH$ XmoZm| H$s XmZ
amo{J¶mo H$mo Am¡f{Y VWm Jar~mo H$mo {^jm XoZo H$mo Anojm H$s OmVr Wr& Cggo A{V{W, Zd{ddm{hV,
~mbé½U, ì¶{º$ VWm J^©dVr ñÌr H$mo ^moOZ XoZo H$s Amem H$s OmVr Wr& M°y§{H$ AÝ¶ VrZ Aml‘m|
Ho$ ì¶{º$ J¥hñW Ûmam nwZrV kmZ Ed§ CÎm‘ ^moOZ àmá H$aVo Wo, AV: J¥hñWml‘ H$mo gdm}n[a Aml‘
‘mZm OmVm Wm& J¥hñW H$m H$V©ì¶ Ho$db n{j¶m| newAm| Am¡a H$sQ> nV§Jmo H$mo hr gÝVwï> H$aZm Zhr

Wm, A{nVw CZ ‘Zwî¶m| H$s ^r Omo {H$ gm‘m{OH$ AWdm Z¡{VH$ ñVa ‘| {ZåZVa Wo, ¶m A¶mo½¶ Wo ,¶m
Or{dH$mnmO©Z Ho$ Cn¶wº$ Zhr Wo& AñVw J¥hñW Ho$ H$m¶© CZH$s n[admarH$ n[agr‘m ‘| hr Zhr ahVo
A{nVw ì¶{º$¶m| Am¡a Ordmo§ Ho$ {dñV¥V g‘yh H$m ^r AmqbJZ H$aVo Wo&
2) nwéfmWm} H$s ny{V© :- J¥hñWml‘ ‘| Mmaoo nwéfmWm} Y‘©, AW©, H$m‘ Ed§ ‘moj H$s nw{V© H$s Om
gH$Vr h¡& J¥hñWml‘ g^r nwéfmWm] H$m g‘Ýd¶ Ho$ÝÐ h¡& Bg‘| J¥hñW Y‘©, AW© Am¡a H$m‘ VrZ
nwéfmWm} H$aVo hþE ‘moj H$m ‘mJ© àeñV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
3){d{^Þ ¶km| Ho$ g§nmXZ hoVw Cn¶wº$ {hÝXþ OrdZ ‘| F$U go CF$U hmoZo Ho$ {bE ¶km| H$m H$aZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& J¥hñWml‘ ‘| ahH$a hr ‘Zwî¶ nm±M ‘hm¶km| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vm h¡& ¶o nm±M ¶k h¡
~«÷¶k, {nV¥¶k Xod ¶k, ^yV¶k VWm Z¥O¶& ‘Zwñ‘¥{V Ho$ AZwgma BZ ¶km| ‘| ~«÷ H$mo doX
‘ÝÌmoƒmaU go {nVam| H$mo VnU ¶m lmÜX Ûmam, XodVmAm| H$mo A{¾ Amhþ{V Ûmam ^yVm| H$mo ~{b Ûmam
‘Zwî¶>m| H$mo A{VÏ¶ gËH$ma Ûmam àgÞ {H$¶m OmVm Wm& BZ g~ ¶km| H$mo J¥hñWml‘ ‘| hr nËZr, nwÌ
Am{X H$s ghm¶Vm go gånÞ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {hÝXþ emóH$mam| Zo BZ nm±M ‘hm¶km| H$mo ~hþV
A{YH$ ‘hËd {X¶m h¡ VWm ñnîQ> én go ì¶º$ {H$¶m h¡, {H$ nm±M ‘hm¶km| go ‘mZd eara ñdmW©
Am{X ‘{bZVmAm| go ‘wº$ hmoH$a ~«÷ H$m¶m} Ho$ {bE Cn¶wº$ hmo OmVm h¡& Omo ì¶{³V BZ nm±M
‘hm¶km| Ho$ à{V gånmXZ ‘| Ag’$b hmoVm Wm dh Or{dV hmoVo hþE ^r ‘am hþAm ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
dmZàñW Aml‘
Bg g‘¶ ‘| ì¶{º$ 50 df© H$mo AdñWm go 75 df© H$mo AdñWm VH$ ahVm h¡& S>m°. H$U} Ho$ eãXm| ‘|
50 df© Ho$ bJ^J AdñWm hmo OmZo na ì¶{º$ g§gma Ho$ gwI VWm dmgZmAm| H$s ^wI ‘| C~ OmVm
Wm, VWm ~Z H$s amh boVm Wm, Ohm± dh AmË‘m {ZJ«hr Vnñdr VWm {ZanamY OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aVm
Wm& ~mZàñW Ho$ {bE ""d¡ImZg'' eãX H$m à¶mo¶ {H$¶m J¶m h¡ H$m{bXmg Zo AnZr ‘hmZ aMZm
eHw$ÝVbm ‘| H$Êd F${f H$s nU©Hw$Q>r ‘| ahVr Wr& eHw$ÝVbm Ho$ OrdZ H$mo d¡ImZg d¥V H$hm h¡&
dmZàñW Aml‘ ‘| ì¶{³V H$~ àdoe H$ao BgHo$ ~mao ‘| Xmo ‘V àM{bV h¡& Odmbmof {ZfX Ho$

‘V O~ EH$ ì¶{º$ N>mÌ OrdZ Ho$ ~mX Hw$N> df© J¥hñW Ho$ én ‘| ì¶VrV H$a boZm h¡, Vmo Cgo
~mZàñW ‘| àdoe H$aZm Mm{hE& ‘Zw H$m {dMma h¡, {H$ O~ J¥hñWr AnZo eara na Pw[a¶m XoIo CgHo$
~mb nH$ Om¶o Am¡a O~ CgHo$ nwÌmo Ho$ nwÌ hmo Om¶o Vmo dZ H$s amh boZr Mm{hE& Hw$N> {dMmaH$m| H$m
‘V h¡, {H$ 55 df© H$s AdñWm dmZàñW Ho$ {b¶o C{MV h¡& à‘wI emók ‘Zr{f¶m| Zo J¥hñWml‘ H$s
Ad{Y H$m dU©U H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$ ""OrdZ Ho$ bJ^J 25 df© J¥hñWml‘ ‘| ahH$a g‘mO H$m
{hV H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV ewÕ, ào‘, X¶m, ghmZw^y{V, H$éUm, Ed§ ñdmW© Ë¶mJm{X JwUm| go ¶wº$ hmo
dmZàñW Aml‘ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ H$mo à{dï> hmoZm Mm{hE&
{díd à{gÕ ‘Zrfr ‘Zw Zo dmZàñWml‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Ed§ {d{eîQ> n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZX}{eV
H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡, {H$ ñZmVH$ {ÛO J¥hñWml‘ Y‘© H$m nmbZ H$aHo$ ¶Wm{d{Y {OVopÝÐ¶ ahVm hþAm
dmZàñWml‘ ‘| à{dîQ> hmo& J¥hñW O~ XoIo {H$ d¥ÕmdñWm Ho$ bjU {XImB© nS>Zo bJo h¡, Am¡a nwÌ
H$m nwÌ hmo J¶m h¡& Cg g‘¶ Cgo dmZàñW H$s Xrjm hmo J¶m h¡& Cg g‘¶ Cgo dmZàñW H$s Xrjm bo
boZr Mm{h¶o& J«m‘ Ho$ Amhma - {dhma Ed§ n[apÀN>m{X H$m n[aË¶mJ H$a ór H$mo nwÌ Ho$ nmg ahH$a
AWdm ór Ho$ gmW hmo ~Z ‘| Mbm OmE &dmZàñWml‘ ‘| ahH$a J¥hñWr {ZñdmW©^md go {d{^Þ
emóm| H$m ñdmÜ¶m¶ H$aVm hþAm&
{eî¶m| H$mo {dÚmXmZ H$aVm Wm& ‘Zwî¶ Ûmam {ZñdmW© ^md go {H$¶m J¶m& ¶h H$m¶© g‘m{OH$
Aä¶wX¶ H$m H$maU ~ZVm Wm& ‘Zwî¶ Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m H$m¶© Am{W©H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m gm‘mYmZ H$aVm Wm&
¶h H$m¶© AmZo dmbr nr{T>¶m§ Ho$ {bE g‘mO ‘| ñWmZ [aº$ H$aVm Wm& Bg àH$ma Ho$ VËdXeu
dmZàpñW¶m| Zo Cn{ZfX VWm Xe©Z O¡go kmZ H$m A{d^m©d {H$¶m& O~ VH$ ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| Bg
àH$ma Ho$ Ë¶mJr ‘Zrfr Xho V~ VH$ ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dñWm g§Vw{bV ahr& dmZ àñWml‘ VWm
‘wî¶ H$s OrdZM¶m© {Zd¥Îmr ‘mJ© H$m Ûma h¡& dmZàñWmnZ ‘| g§¶‘ OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aHo$ ‘Zwî¶ nwÊ¶
nmn go ‘wº$ hmoH$a CÎmam¶a nW go A‘¥V Aì¶º$ nwê$f Ho$ bmoH$ ‘| OmVo Wo&
gÝ¶mg Aml‘

ì¶{º$ H$mo ApÝV‘ g‘¶ ‘| ì¶VrV H$aZm Mm{h¶o& gmYmaU 75 df© VH$ 100 df©o H$s AdYr
(25 df©o) Bg Aml¶ Ho$ {bE {ZYm©[aV H$s OmVr h¡& gÝ¶mgr H$mo g§nwU© g§gma Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ {bE
H$m¶© H$aZm Mm[hE& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Cgo EH$ ñWmZ na ahZo Ho$ {b¶o Zht H$hm J¶m h¡& EH$ gÝ¶mgr
H$s {ZåZ{bIrV {Z¶‘m| H$a nmbZ H$aZm A{Zdm¶© h¡&
1) ì¶{º$ H$mo AnZr gmar g§nÎmr nwamo{hVm| X[aÐm| VWm Aghm¶m| ‘| ~mQ> XoZr Mm{hE&
2) Cgo AnZo Ka H$m Ë¶mJ H$a XoZm Mm{hE& Ka nËZr, nwÌmo, VWm YZ H$m Ë¶mJ H$a XoZm Mm{hE& Ka
nËZr, nwÌm| VWm YZ H$m Ë¶mJ H$aHo$ gÝ¶mgr H$mo Jm±d Ho$ ~mha ahZm Mm{hE&
3) dmñVm{dH$ gÝ¶mgr H$mo AHo$bm ahZm Mm{hE& VWm CÝho Mma àH$ma Ho$ H$m‘ H$aZo Mm{hE&
A) Ü¶mZ ~) em¡M H$) {^jm S) EH$mÝVerbVm&
4) gÝ¶mgr H$mo h‘oem AmZÝX dñVw go Xÿa ahZm Mm{hE&
4) gÝ¶mgr H$mo ~«÷Mmar OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZm Mm{hE&
5) gÝ¶mgr H$mo {^jm ‘m±J H$a ^moOZ H$aZm Mm{hE& dh ^r ^a noQ> Zht&
6) gÝ¶mgr H$mo Hw$N> ^r AnZo nmg Zhr aIZm Mm{hE&
7) dó CVZm hr YmaU H$aZm Mm{hE {Oggo CZHo$ Jwám§J T>Ho$ aho&
8) g§Ý¶mgr H$mo g‘ñV dU© Y‘© O¡go gË¶Vm, Aàd§MZm, H«$moYhrZVm, {dZrVm, n{dÌVm, ^bo- ~wao
H$m ^oX, ‘Z {Z‘§ÌU, BpÝÐ¶ {ZJ«h VWm AmË‘ kmZ àmá H$aZm Mm{hE&
g§Ý¶mg Y‘© ‘| àdoe H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma Ho$db ~«m÷U H$mo hr Wm& Bg Aml‘ ‘| àdoe H$aVo hþE
àË¶oH$ ~«m÷U H$mo ¶h à{Vkm boZr nS>Vr Wr, {H$ ""AmO ‘¢Zo nwÌ {df¶H$ YZ Am¡a ¶e {df¶H$
H$m‘ZmAm| H$m gd©Wm n[aË¶mJ H$a {X¶m h¡, VWm ‘oao go àË¶oH$ ì¶{º$ H$mo A^¶ àmá h¡&''gÝ¶mgr
bmoJ Bg àH$ma H$m gd©OZ {hVm¶ d«V YmaU H$aHo$ {díd Ho$ H$ë¶mU hoVw Xoe - dm{g¶m| Ho$ ~rM

^«‘U H$aVo Wo Am¡a bmoJm| H$mo CnXoe XoVo Wo& ¶o bmoJ ^maVr¶ kmZ H$m XmZ {H$¶m H$aVo Wo& empÝV H$m
àMma {H$¶m H$aVo Wo& ^maV ‘| Bg àH$ma Ho$ gÝ¶m{g¶m| H$mo hr AJ«OÝ‘m H$hm OmVm Wm& gÝ¶m{g¶m|
Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ‘Zw Zo {bIm h¡, {H$ ¶hr ~«÷kmZr, em§V, XmÝV OrdZ Ho$ AZw^dm| Ho$ AkmZmÝYH$ma ‘|
{Z‘¾ ì¶{º$¶m| H$mo XmZ Xr{á go Ambmo{H$V {H$¶m H$aVo Wo& Bgr àH$ma Ho$ ì¶{º$¶m| H$mo {OÝhm|Zo
AnZo dmZ àñWr OrdZ ‘| gÝVwbZ àmá {H$¶m h¡, gd©ñd Ë¶mJH$a gÝ¶mgml‘ ‘| àdoe H$aZm
Mm{hE&
‘Zw Zo gÝ¶mgl‘ ‘| àdme Ho$ {dYmZ H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡, {H$ ""Am¶w H$m V¥{V¶ ^mJ ¶Wm
e{º$ dmZàñWml‘ ‘| ì¶VrV H$aHo$ Am¶w Ho$ MVwW© ^mJ ‘| {Z:g§J hmoH$a gÝ¶mg J«hZ H$a|& EH$
Aml‘ go Xþgao Aml‘ H$mo J«hU H$aVm hþAm A{YZ ÐmoÌm{X hmo‘ g‘má H$aHo$ {OVopÝÐ¶Vm Ho$ gmW
O~ {^jm, ~{b Am{X H$‘m} go lmÝV hmo O~ gÝ¶mg J«hU H$aZo go nabmoH$ ‘| CÞ{V hmoVr h¡& ''
‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ g‘J« {d{Y {dYmZm| H$mo nyU© H$aZo H$m ¶h H«$‘mZwgma {dYmZ h¡& ‘mZd OrdZ H$m
EH$ Xþgam én ^r h¡& O~ ~«÷M¶© Aml‘ go ^r AnZo gm‘Ï¶© Ho$ AZwén g§Ý¶mgml‘ J«hU hmoVm h¡&
{dÛmZm| Zo g§Ý¶mgl‘ H$mo {Zd¥{V H$s nyU© M[aVmW©Vm ‘mZm h¡& ‘mZd {Og d«V H$m nmbZ ~«÷M¶©
Aml‘ ‘o§ H$aVm h¡, CgH$r nyU©Vm MVwW© Aml‘ ‘| hmoVr h¡& g§Ý¶mgl‘ nyU© {ZîH$m‘r ì¶{º$ Ho$ {bE
‘mZm J¶m h¡& ^JdmZ H¥$îU Zo JrVm ‘| H$hm {H$ ""gÝ¶mgr Cgr H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡, Omo H$‘© ’$b H$s
BÀN>m Z H$aHo$ H$V©ì¶ H$‘© ahVm h¡, dhr gÝ¶mgr AWdm ¶moJr h¡, {Zam{¾ H$m A{H«$¶ hmoZo go hr H$moB©
ì¶{º$ g§Ý¶mgr Zhr hmoVm h¡& H$å¶ H$‘m} H$m Ë¶mJ Zhr H$hbmVm& gÝ¶mgr H$m na‘ H$V©ì¶ {ZîH$m‘
OZ H$ë¶mUH$a H$m¶© h¡& gÝ¶mgr {ZîH$m‘ H$‘© Ûmam AnZr gÎmm H$mo {damQ> gÎmm go {‘bmH$a
g{ƒXmZÝX ñdén H$mo hr àmá H$aVm h¡&''AÝV ‘| ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡, {H$ ""^maVr¶ g§ñH¥${V H$mo
gX¡d ^maVr¶ àmMrZ Aml‘ ì¶dñWm Zo hr à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡ Ohm± H$s ^mdZmAm| VWm ahZ ghZ H$mo
^r à^m{dV {H$¶m& BZ Aml‘ ì¶dñWm| g‘mO ‘| ì¶mnH$ ñVa na gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m&

4. g§ñH$ma Ed§ {ddmh
g§ñH$ma
g§ñH$ma eãX H$m {díbofU {d{^Þ AWm] ‘| {H$¶m J¶m h¡& A§J«Or ‘| g§ñH$ma eãX "{gamo‘Zr amB©Q>'
¶m ñH«$s‘oÝQ> Am{X eãXmo H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& {H$ÝVw {gamo‘Zr amBQ> eãX à¶wá CMrV Zhr bJVm
& ñH«$s‘oÝQ> eãX Bggo H$hr A{YH$ C{MV VWm Cn¶wº$ àVrV hmoVm h¡& BgH$m AW© h¡, {H$ ""Ym{‘©H$
{d{Y - {dYmZ ¶m dh H¥$Ë¶w Omo AmÝV[aH$ VWm AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ gm¡ÝX¶© H$m ~«÷Ñí¶ àVrV ‘mZm OmVm
h¡&
g§ñH¥$V gm{hË¶ ‘| g§ñH$ma eãX H$m à¶moJ {ejm, g§ñH¥${V, à{ejU, gm¡OÝ¶ nyU©Vm, ì¶mH$aU,
gå~ÝYr ew{Õ g§ñH$maU, n[aîH$aU emo^m, Am^wfU, à^md ñdén, ñd^md {H«$¶m, N>mn, ñ‘aU
e{º$ na ~S>Zo dmbo à^md, ewpÕ {H«$¶m, Ym{‘©H$ {d{Y - {dYmZ, A{^foH$ {dMma, ^mdZm,
YmaUm, H$m¶© H$m n[aUm‘ {H«$¶m H$s {deofVm Am{X AWm} ‘| hþAm h¡&
O¡{‘Zr gyÌmo§ ‘| "g§ñH$ma' eãX H$m à¶moJ Cg {H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OgHo$ H$aZo go H$moB©
nXmW© Cn¶mo{JVmnyU© ~Z OmVm h¡& ñda Ho$ AZwgma ""g§ñH$ma dh h¡, {OgHo$ gånmXZ ‘| H$moB© nXmW©
¶m ì¶{º$ {H$gr H$m¶© Ho$ ¶mo½¶ hmo OmVm h¡&''
VÝ‘d{V©H$ Zo {bIm h¡, {H$ g§gma {H«$¶m¶o VWm [a{V¶m± h¡, Omo ¶mo½¶Vm àXmZ H$aVr h¡& Bg ¶mo½¶Vm
Ho$ Xmo àH$ma ~Vm¶| J¶o h¡, àW‘ nmnnyU© {H«$¶mAm| H$mo Zï> H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm, {ÛVr¶, ZdrZ JwUm| go
CËnÞ ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| d¥pÕ H$aZm& amOdbr nmÊS>o Ho$ AZwgma ""{hÝXþ g§ñH$mam| ‘| AZoH$ Ym{‘©H$ {d{Y -
{dYmZ, Amapå^H$ {dMma, CZHo$ g‘dVu {Z¶‘ VWm AZwð>mZ ^r gpå‘{bV h¡, {OZH$m CXoí¶
Ho$db, Am¡nMm[aH$ X¡{hH$ g§ñH$ma hr Zhr H$a ì¶{º$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶{º$Ëd H$m n[aîH$ma, ew{Õ VWm
nyU©Vm ^r h¡&''
a{dÝÐZmW ‘wH$Ou Ho$ AZwgma ""g§ñH$ma H$m AW©, CZ n{dÌ AZwð>mZm| go h¡, Omo emararH$

~m¡{ÛH$, gm‘m{OH$, VWm AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ n[aîH$ma Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶o OmVo h¡&{ZîH©$fV: H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡,
{H$ g§ñH$ma H$m A{^àm¶ H$m ew{Õ H$s Ym{‘©H$ {H«$¶mAm| VWm ì¶{º$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$, emararH$ Am¡a
~m¡pÕH$$n[aîH$ma Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶o OmZo dmbo AZwð>mZm| go h¡, {Oggo dh g‘mO H$m nyU© {dH${gV
gXñ¶ hmo gHo$& g§ñH$ma OÝ‘ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶ww VH$ gånÞ {H$¶o OmVo h¡& g§ñH$ma gmobh àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo
h¡&
1) J^©YmZ g§ñH$ma EH$ ‘hËdnyU© g§ñH$ma h¡, VWm àË¶oH$ ‘mVm - {nVm H$s ¶hr AmH$m§jm ahVr h¡,
{H$ CZHo$ n[adma ‘| gw¶mo½¶, gwnmÌ gÝVmZ CËnÞ hmo& BgHo$ {bE O~ nwéf H$s Am¶w nƒrg df©
VWm ór H$r Am¶w H$‘ go H$‘ gmobh df© hmoZr Mm{h¶o& AÀN>m ‘whÿV© {ZH$mbH$a {XZ ‘| ¶k H$aHo$
am{Ì ‘| J^m©YmZ H$m àYmZ aIm J¶m& n{V nËZr H$m ¶h gå~ÝY ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo {H$
J^© ‘| AmZo dmbm Z¶m àmUr gw¶mo½¶ hmo& ¶h ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ H$m àW‘ g§ñH$ma h¡& Ohm± go g¥{ï> H$m
CX¶ Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡& Bgo g§ñH$ma H$r àW‘ H$S>r H$hVo h¡&
2) nwgdZ g§ñH$ma :- ‘mVm Ûmam J^© YmaU H$aZo Ho$ Xmo ¶m VrZ ‘mh níMmV ¶h g§ñH$ma {H$¶m
OmVm h¡¡& gwÝXa, ñdmñW, gw¶mo½¶, nwÌàmár Ho$ {b¶o XodVmAm| go àmW©Zm H$s OmVr h¡ VWm J^© H$mo
‘O~wV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{eï> àH$ma Ho$ nm¡{ï>H$ ^moOZ Ed§ Am¡f{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$adm¶m OmZm gwé
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3) gr‘mÝVmo¶Z g§ñH$ma :- ¶h g§ñH$ma Vrgao ¶m Mm¡Wo ‘mh ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg g§ñH$ma ‘| n{V
AnZo n{ËZ Ho$ Ho$gm| H$mo gOmH$a Cg‘| ‘m±J H$mQ>Vm h¡& Bg CËgd na gm‘y{hH$ ^moO {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
AV: Bg àH$ma {eew H$m gr‘mÝVmo¶Z g§ñH$ma hmoVm h¡&
4) OmVH$‘© g§ñH$ma :- ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ níMmV ¶h g§ñH$ma hmoVm h¡& d¡{XH$ ¶wJ ‘| amoQ>r nH$mH$a
A{¾ ‘| S>mbr OmVr Wr& ~mbH$ H$mo JmoX ‘| boH$a XþY, Kr Am{X go hdZ {H$¶m OmVm Wm& Xhr,
ehX, VWm Kr H$mo {‘{lV H$a ñdU© H$s ebmH$m go {eew H$mo MQ>m¶m OmVm Wm, VWm CgHo$ {XK©
OrdZ Ho$ {bE àmW©Zm {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {nVm ~mbH$ Ho$ H$mZ ‘| CgHo$ XrKm©¶w, ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoZo Ho$ {bE

Hw$N> ‘ÝÌ ~mobVm Wm& CgHo$ ~mX ‘mVm Cgo XþY {nbmVr Wr& bmoJ Ka na CnpñWV hmoVo VWm {eew
H$mo Am{e©dmX XoVo Wo ¶h g§ñH$ma AmO ^r {hÝXþ g‘mO ‘| CnpñWV h¡&
5) Zm‘m§H$Z g§ñH$ma :- OÝ‘ H$o Xgd|, ½¶mahd| ¶m ~mahd| {XZ Omo ^r ew^ KS>r ‘| hmo ¶h g§ñH$ma
‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡& {nVm {dÛmZ AmMm¶© Ho$ nam‘e© go Xmo Mma eãXm| H$m gwÝXa Zm‘ {eew Ho$ {b¶o aIVm
h¡& Bg Adga na ¶k, hdZ Am{X go J¥h ew{Û H$s OmVr Wr VWm ^moO H$m Am¶moOZ ^r {H$¶m OmVm
Wm ¶h àWm AmO ^r Cgr én ‘| àMm{bV h¡&
6) {ZîH«$‘U g§ñH$ma :- {eew O~ Mma ‘mg H$m hmoVm h¡, V~ {H$gr ew^ {XZ go ew^ KS>r na Cgo
nhbr ~ma gy¶©Xod H$m Xe©Z Ed§ am{Ì ‘| MÝX‘m Ho$ Xe©Z H$am¶o OmVo h¡& Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡, {H$ [eew
Ho$ emararH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| BgH$m ~hþV AÀN>m à^md nS>Vm h¡&
7) AÞàmíZ g§ñH$ma :- O~ {eew N>h ‘mg H$m hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo nhbr~ma Amhma {X¶m OmVm
h¡& ewé ‘| Mmdb ,‘Yw, Xhr VWm K¥V {‘{lV ^moOZ XoVo h¡, ~mX ‘| Vab ^moOZ d T>mog ^moOZ XoZm
àmaå^ H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡& AmO H$b ^r S>m³Q>am| Ûmam Cgr AZwgma N>h ‘mh dmX ^moOZ àmaä^
H$admZo H$m nam‘©e XoVm h¡&
8) MwS>m H$‘© g§ñH$ma :- ~mbH$ O~ VrZ df© H$m hmo OmVm h¡, V~ {eew Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mbm| H$mo H$Q>dm
{X¶m OmVm h¡, VWm Ho$db MwS>m ñdmo{V N>moS> Xr OmVr h¡& Hw$b H$s naånam Ho$ AZwgma EH$ VrZ ¶m
nm±M H$m {dYmZ h¡& Ho$e H$Q>mZo ¶m MmoQ>r aIZo H$m ^r ñdmñW na AÀN>m à^md nS>Vm h¡&
9) H$U© ^oX g§ñH$ma :- ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ Vrgao ¶m nm±Mdo df© ‘| ¶h g§ñH$ma ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡& eara
H$mo ñZmZm{X go ñdÀN> ~ZmH$a gwÝXa dó YmaU H$amH$a AÀN>o d¡Y Ho$ Ûmam ewé ‘| X{hZm H$mZ VWm
~mX ‘| ~m¶o H$mZ ~oYm OmVm h¡& Bggo Am±V H$m ~T>Zm éH$ OmVm h¡& eara H$mo Am^yfU H$s ñV¥{V go
gmW Jwé Ho$ nmg Aja kmZ Amaä^ H$adm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma {dYmkmZ H$m Amaä^ hmo OmVm h¡&
11) CnZ¶Z g§ñH$ma : Bgo ¶kmondrV g§ñH$ma ^r H$hVo h¡& ~«m÷U Ho$ ~mbH$ H$m nm±Mdo df© ‘| ,
j{Ì¶ Ho$ N>T>o df© ‘| VWm d¡í¶ Ho$ ~mbH$ H$m AmR>d| df© ‘| ¶kmondrV YmaU H$aZo H$m {ZX}e Y‘©

J«ÝW XoVo h¡& {dÚmWu ñZmZm{X H$aHo$ ‘wÊS>Z H$admH$a, CÎmar¶ dó ‘oIbm VWm XÊS> YmaU H$aVm h¡&
dh CnZ¶Z g§ñH$ma H$o {b¶o AmMm¶© Ho$ gm‘Zo ~¡R>Vm h¡, VWm AmMm¶© ¶k hmo‘ H$admVm h¡& dh
{dÚmWu Ho$ H$mZ ‘| Jm¶Ìr ‘§Ì H$m CƒmaU H$aVm h¡& dh Cgo ~«÷Mmar OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo H$m
CnXoe XoVm h¡ VWm {ZX}e XoVm h¡, {H$ Vw‘ ~«÷Mmar hmo, Ob nrAm| H$m‘ H$amoo, {XZ ‘| ‘V gmoAmo,
AmMm¶© Ho$ AmYrZ hmoH$a doX H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$amo& nhbo H$Ý¶mAm| H$m ^r CnZ¶Z g§ñH$ma hmoVm Wm,
naÝVw ~mX ‘| CZH$m CnZ¶Z g§ñH$ma ~§X hmo J¶m &
12) doXmaä^ g§ñH$ma :- Bg CnZ¶Z g§ñH$ma Ho$ níMmV {ejm OJV Ho$ Ûma {dÚmWu Ho$ {b¶o Iwb
OmVo Wo& dh doXm| Cn{ZfXm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z àmaå^ H$a XoVm Wm, VWm AnZm dm¡{XH$ {dH$mg H$aZm
àmaä^ H$a XoVm Wm& dh Z¶o OrdZ ‘| àdoe H$aVm VWm AnZr AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àJ{V Ho$ nW na AJ«ga
hmo OmVm Wm& AmO ^r Cƒ {ejm ‘o doXm| Ho$ kmZ H$s Vah kmZ H$m EH$ én h¡&
13) Ho$gmÝV ¶m JmoXmZ g§ñH$ma :- ¶~ ~mbH$ {H$emoamdñWm H$mo nma H$aVm h¡, V~ XmT>r, ‘y±N>, ga
Ho$ ~mb Am{X H$mo H$Q>dm¶m OmVm h¡ , VWm ~«÷Mmar Ho$ n[adma dmbm| H$s Am¡a go Cg g‘¶ Jwé H$mo
XmZ H$s OmVr Wr& Bg{b¶o Bg g§ñH$ma H$mo JmoXmZ g§ñH$ma ^r H$hVo h¡&
14) g‘mdV©Z g§ñH$ma :- Bgo XrjmÝV g§ñH$ma ^r H$hVo h¡& doXm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z nyU© hmoZo Ho$ ~mX Cgo
nwZ: J¥hñW OrdZ ‘| àdoe H$aZo H$s Jwé Amkm XoVm VWm Amerdm©X àXmZ H$aVm Wm& {eî¶ ^r Jwé
H$mo ¶Wmo{MV X{jUm XoH$a Jwé H$m Amerdm©X àmá H$a J¥hñW OrdZ ‘| àdoe H$aVm Wm& Bg g§ñH$ma
Ho$ níMmV dh ~«÷M¶© Aml‘ H$mo Ë¶mJ H$a J¥hñW Aml‘ ‘| àdoe H$aVm Wm&
15) {ddmh g§ñH$ma :Am¶m} Ho$ OrdZ ‘| Bg g§ñH$ma H$m ~hþV ‘hËd ahm h¡& Bg g§ñH$ma Ho$ gmW
¶wdH$ J¥hñW OrdZ ‘| àdoe H$aVm h¡, VWm dYw EH$ Xþgao Ho$ ~mao ‘| nyU© OmZH$mar H$a {ddmh gyÌ ‘|
~ÝY OmVo h¡& do XmoZm| AmOrdZ EH$- Xþgao Ho$ gmW ahZo H$s à{Vkm H$aVo h¡&
16) AÝË¶o{ï> g§ñH$ma :- dh g§ñH$ma ì¶{º$ Ho$ ‘a OmZo Ho$ ~mX gånÞ hmoVm h¡& Cg g‘¶ AZoH$
Ym{‘©H$ {dYmZm| Ho$ gmW Xmh {H«$¶m H$r OmVr h¡&

{ddmh
g§ñH¥$V gm{hË¶ ‘| {ddmh Ho$ {bE H$moB© eãX H$m à¶moJ {H$¶o JE h¡, O¡go CXdmh ,n[aU¶ Cn¶‘,
nm{UJ«hU Am{X & "{ddmh' H$m empãXH$ AW© ã¶w{Vn{V H$r Ñ{ï> go bo OmZm hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma
{ddmh H$m AW© dYw H$mo CgHo$ Ka go {deof én go bo OmZm ¶m nËZr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o bo OmZm h¡& Bg
AW© H$s nw{ï> hoVw g§ñH¥$V gm{hË¶ ‘| C{„{IV eãXm| Ho$ AWm} H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& CXdmh
H$m AW© h¡, dYw H$mo CgHo$ {nVm Ho$ Ka go bo OmZm& "Cn¶‘' H$m AW© h¡, {H$gr H$mo {ZH$Q> bmH$a
AnZmZm& n[aU¶ H$m AW© h¡, Mmam| Am¡a Kw‘mH$a ¶m A{¾ H$s n[aH«$‘m H$aZm&'
{dÛmZm| Zo {ddmh H$mo H$B© àH$ma go n[a^m{fV {H$¶m h¡& H$B© {dÛmZm| Zo Bgo ñWm¶r ¶m¡Z gå~ÝY H$s
g§km Xr h¡& O~{H$ AZoH$ {dÛmZm| H$m ‘V h¡, {H$ {hÝXþ {ddmh EH$ Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma h¡& Hw$N> {dÛmZ
‘mZVo h¡, {H$ ¶h EH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘Pm¡Vm ‘mÌ h¡& bo{H$Z Hw$N> {dÛmZ H$hVo h¡, {H$ {hÝXþ {ddmh ‘o
Y‘©, àOmoËn{V VWm am{V Am{X Ho$ ^m¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$ d AÜ¶mpË‘H$ à¶moOZm| go EH$ ór nwéf
nañna ñWm¶r gå~ÝY ‘| ~§Y OmVo h¡& ¶h gm‘m{OH$ g‘Pm¡Vm ‘mÌ Zht hmo gH$Vm ¶h nyU©V:
Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma h¡&
à^w Ho$ eãXm| ‘| ""{h§ÝXþ {ddmh dmñVd ‘| EH$ Eogm Am¡nMm[aH$ Ym{‘©H$ H¥$Ë¶ h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$
ì¶{º$ AnZm J¥hñW OrdZ àmaå^ H$a nmVm h¡& {ddmh H$m Ame¶ Cg CËgd go h¡, {OgH$o Ûmam
nËZr H$m OrdZ àmaå^ H$a nmVm h¡& {ddmh H$m Ame¶ Cg CËgd go h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam nËZr H$m n{V
Ho$ Ka go bo AmZm h¡& naÝVw {ddmh H$s nwar añ‘ H$mo hr BgH$m Zm‘ {X¶m OmZo bJm&
ñnï> h¡, {H$ {hÝXþ {ddmh EH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘Pm¡Vm ¶m emararH$ gå~ÝY H$s Amkm ‘mÌ Z hmoH$a EH$
ñWm¶r gå~ÝY h¡& BgH$m CXoí¶ emararH$ ‘mÌ Z hmoH$a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ h¡&
F$½doX ‘| {ddmh H$m CXoí¶ J¥hñW OrdZ ‘| àdoe H$aHo$ XodVmAm| H$mo àgÞ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ¶k H$aZm
d gÝVmZmoËn{V H$aZm h¡& H$‘© {‘‘m§gm ‘o§ ^r {ddmh Ho$ CXoí¶ àñVwV {H$¶m J¶o h¡, {H$ {ddmh Ho$
Ûmam ór Ymam nwéf Ymam‘¶r hmoH$a H¡$dë¶ H$s A{YH$marUr ~ZVr h¡& {ddmh Ûmam hr ór-nwéf H$s

A{Z¶pÝÌV H$m‘d¥Îmr {Z¶pÝÌV hmoH$a XmoZm| H$mo emararH$, ‘mZ[gH$, ~m¡{ÕH$, nabm¡{H$H$,
Bhbm¡{H$H$ VWm AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àJ{V àXmZ H$aVr h¡& {dÛmZm| Zo {ddmh Ho$ à‘wI CXoí¶m| H$mo Mma
^mJm| ‘| {d^º$ {H$¶m h¡&
1. Ym{‘©H$ CXoí¶ :- {dÛmZm| Ûmam {ddmh Ho$ à‘wI Ym{‘©H$ CXoí¶ {ZåZ{b{IV ~Vm¶o J¶o h¡&
1) ¶mkdëd¶ ñ‘¥{V ‘| n{V Ho$ Ym{‘©H$ H$‘m} ‘| npËZ H$s A{Zdm¶©Vm {ZYm©[aV H$s JB© h¡& CgH$s
‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ níMmV Ym{‘©H$ H¥$Ë¶m| Ho$ {b¶o nwZ:{ddmh H$s Amkm Xr JB© h¡&
2) eVnW ~«m÷U Zo nËZr - n{V Ho$ AmYo ^mJ H$s nwaH$ ‘mZr OmVr h¡&AWm©V nËZr Ûmam hr n{V
nyU© hmoVo h¡&
3) F$½doX Ho$ AZwgma XodVmAm| Ho$ nwOZ ‘| n{V nËZr EH$ - Xþgao Ho$ ghm¶H$ h¡&
4) V¡Var¶ ~«m÷U Ho$ AZwgma ""nËZrhrZ ì¶{º$ ¶k gånÞ H$aZo H$m A{YH$mar Zhr h¡&
5) O¡{‘Zr Ho$ eãXm| ‘| g‘ñV ¶m{kH$ H$m¶m} ‘| n{V - nËZr H$mo EH$ Xþgao H$m gømoJr hmoZm Mm{hE&
6) nwamUm| ‘| Y‘© ,AW©, H$m‘ VWm nwÌ H$s àmár hoVy nËZr H$mo Amdí¶H$ ‘mZm J¶m h¡& nËZr H$mo
Ë¶mJ H$a {H$¶m OmZo dmbo Ym{‘©H$ H¥$Ë¶m| H$m H$moB© bm^ Zhr {‘bVm&
ñnï> h¡, {H$ {hÝXþ emóm| Zo ór H$mo g‘ñV Y‘© gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mAmo Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ ‘mZm h¡& AnZo
H$WZ H$s nw{ï> hoVy do am‘MÝÐOr H$m CXmhaU àñVwV H$aZo h¡& grVm H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| am‘MÝÐ Or Zo
¶k ‘o§ grVm H$s gmoZo H$s à{Vkm aIr Wr& Bg àH$ma {ddmh H$m CXoí¶ Ym{‘©H$ ‘mZm J¶m&
a{V gwI
àmMrZ H$mb go hr {ddmh, a{V gwI àmá H$aZo H$m gwgå^ VWm Amdí¶H$ gmYZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
¶Û{n {ddmh Ho$ CXoí¶m| ‘| Bgo Jm¡U ñWmZ àmá h¡, naÝVw {’$a ^r ¶h EH$ Amdí¶H$ CXoí¶ ‘mZm
OmVm ahm h¡& d¡{XH$ ¶wJ ‘| gå^moJ H$mo emoH$ H$m AÝV H$aZo dmbm VWm AmZÝX H$m Ma‘ gwI ‘mZm

OmVm Wm& H$m¡{Q>ë¶ Ho$ AZwgma ""Y‘© Am¡a AW© go {damoY Z aIZo dmbo H$m‘ H$m godZ H$aZm C{MV
h¡& ‘Zw Ho$ eãXm| ‘| a{V {ddmh H$m àYmZ CXoí¶ h¡&
gÝVmZmoËn{V
‘Zw Ho$ eãXm| ‘| {ó¶m| H$mo ‘mVm VWm nwéf H$mo {nVm ~ZZo Ho$ {bE hr ^JdmZ Zo n¡Xm {H$¶m h¡&
Bg{bE Y‘© H$m AmMaU ór d nwéf XmoZm| H$mo {‘bH$a hr H$aZm Mm{hE& ^maVr¶ Y‘© emóm| ‘|
nwÌmoËn{V H$mo ‘moj H$m gmYZ ‘mZm h¡& BgHo$ AZwgma "nwéf Ho$ Cna VrZ àH$ma Ho$ F$U hmoVo h¡, {OÝh|
CgH$mo AnZo OrdZ H$mb ‘| hr MwH$mZm nS>Vm h¡& ‘Zw Zo BZ F$Um| H$mo MwH$mZo Ho$ gmYZ H$m Adga
~Vm¶o h¡& àW‘ F${f F$U, H$mo doX ,doXm§J> Ho$ ñdmÜ¶m¶ Ûmam& {ÛVr¶ Xod F$U H$mo ¶km| Ho$ gånmXZ
H$aZo Ho$ Ûmam ,V¥Vr¶ {nV¥ F$U H$mo nwÌ CËnZ H$aZo Ho$ Ûmam& ‘hm^maV ‘| (12/9/90) VWm F$½doX
(10/85/36) ‘| ^r {ddmh H$m CXoí¶ gÝVmZmoËn{V hr ‘mZm h¡& F$½doX Ho$ AZwgma {ddmh H$a
CXoí¶ CÎm‘ VWm Ym{‘©H$ gÝVmZ CËnÞ H$aZm h¡&
g‘mOrH$aU
àmMrZ H$mb go hr {ddmhrV hmoZm gå‘mZ VWm AmXa H$m gyMH$ Ed§ M[aÌ H$m à‘mU ‘mZm OmVm
h¡& hf©M[aÌ ‘| C„oI h¡, {H$ "O~ hf© Ûmam ~mU na XþíM[aÌ hmoZo H$m Amamon bJm¶m J¶m Vmo CgZo
AnZo M[aÌdmZ hmoZo Ho$ à‘mUñdén ñd§¶ H$mo {ddmhrV ~Vm¶m Wm& Bg àH$ma ñnï> h¡ {H$ {ddmhrV
hmoZm g‘mO ‘o AmXaZr¶ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& {ddmh g^r OJh Zhr {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¡& {ddmh Ho$ ^m±Vr
hr ~{h{ddmh àM{bV h¡ & BgHo$ AZoH$ én h¡&
JmoÌ ~{h{ddmh
JmoÌ ~{h{ddmh Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {dÛmZm| Zo {d{^Þ ‘V àñVwV {H$E h¡& à^w Ho$ eãXm| ‘| "~{h{ddmh Ho$
{Z¶‘m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| à¶wº$ VrZ eãX JmoÌ, àda Am¡a {nÊS> AnZo àmaå^ go boH$a AZoH$ ¶wJmo ‘|
AnZo AW© Am¡a A{^àm¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| BVZo A{YH$ n[adV©Zm| Am¡a g§emoYZmo go JwOao h¡, {H$ CZHo$

‘yb A{^àm¶ H$mo nm boZm bJ^J Agå^d gm hmo OmVm h¡& {^Vmjam Ý¶m¶ H$o AZwgma JmoÌ H$m
AW© aº$ H$s {ZH$Q>Vm h¡&
gË¶mfmT>, {haÊ¶§H$erómoVgyÌ Ho$ AZwgma JmoÌ AmR> F${f¶m| H$s gÝVmZ Ho$ {b¶o H$hVo h¡& ¶o AmR>
F${f h¡ {dídm{‘Ì, ^maÛmO, Jm¡V‘, {d{eï>, A{¾, AJñË¶, O‘Xm{¾ VWm H$í¶n & ‘oKm{VWr Ho$
eãXm| ‘o§ JmoÌ H$m AW© ¶h Zhr h¡ {H$ do {H$gr {deof g‘¶ ‘| CËnÞ hþE F${f {H$ gÝVmZ h¡& BgHo$
{dnarV {Og àH$ma naånam Ho$ AZwgma Hw$N> H$mo ~«m÷U ‘mZm OmVm h¡& Cgr àH$ma JmoÌ ^r
naånamJV d§e H$m Zm‘ h¡& ~m¡Ym¶Z Zo JmoÌm| H$s g§»¶m H$amoS>mo VH$ ~VmB© h¡& O~{H$ nm{U{Z Ho$
AZwgma ""nm¡Vo EH$ H$s gÝVmZ EH$ JmoÌ H$s hmoVr h¡& '' nV§Obr Ho$ eãXmo§ ‘| AmR> F${f¶m| H$s
gÝVmZ EH$ JmoÌ H$s hmoVr h¡&
‘¡³g‘yba Ho$ eãXmo§ ‘| ""EH$ ñWmZ na Jm¶ ~m±YZo dmbo bmoJ Eogo ñWmZ na ahZo dmbo
nyd© F${f H$s gÝVmZ ‘mZo OmVo Wo VWm do g‘mZ JmoÌ Ho$ H$hbmVo Wo& ‘Zw ñ‘¥{V ‘| ^r g§JmoÌ go
{ddmh H$aZm {ZfoY {H$¶m h¡&
Ag{nÊS>m M¶m ‘mVwagJmoÌm M ¶m {nVw:&
gm àeñVm {N>OmVrZm§Xma H$‘©{U ‘¡WwZo&&
~moYm¶Z Zo ^r g§JmoÌ H$Ý¶m go {ddmh H$aZo na "MÝÐm¶U' Zm‘H$ àm¶píMV H$m àdYmZ ~Vm¶m h¡&
AnamH$ Ho$ AZwgma OmZ ~wPH$a g§JmoÌ go {ddmh hmoZo go CËnÞ hmoZo dmbr gÝVmZ "MmÊS>mb'
H$hbmVr h¡, VWm Eogo {ddmh H$aZo dmbo H$mo Om{V go ~mha H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡& JmoÌ H$m {ZYm©aU
{^Þ {^Þ Om{V Ho$ h¡& amOnyVm| ‘o AZoH$ {dOoVmAm| VWm d§e Ho$ A{X nwéf Ho$ Zm‘ na amOnyVm| Ho$
JmoÌ h¡& j{Ì¶m| ~ d¡í¶m| ‘| CZHo$ nwamo{hVm| Ho$ JmoÌ ‘mZo OmVo h¡& Bg‘| d§e naånam F${f¶m| go Z hmoH$a
CZHo$ {H$gr {eî¶Ûmam MbVr h¡&
{nÊS> ~{h{ddmh

[hÝXþ g‘mO ‘| g{nÊS>{ddmh {ZfoY h¡& ~¥hñn{V Zo ‘mVm Ho$ nm±M VWm {nVm Ho$ gmV nrT>r VH$
gå~pÝYV gÝVmZ g{nÊS> ‘mZo OmVo h¡& Bg‘| {ddmh {ZfoY h¡&
{‘Vmjam gåàXm¶ go g{nÊS> CÝho ‘mZm OmVm h¡, {OZ‘| EH$ hr {nÊS> go Ad¶n hmo AWm©V ‘m±, ~mn,
XmXm, XmXr VWm ZmZm - ZmZr, ~wAm ‘m‘m Am{X go gå~pÝYV g{nÊS> ‘mZo OmVo h¡&^maV H$o Hw$N>
ñWmZ na ‘m± H$s nr{T>¶m| H$mo g{nÊS> Zhr ‘mZm OmVm&
{‘{Wbm ‘| nm±M Ho$ nm±M nrT>r VH$ H$mo g{nÊS> ‘mZo OmVo h¡& {Og‘| MmMm Ho$ AWm©V {nVm Ho$ ~S>o
^mB© AWdm N>moQ>o ^mB© Ho$ nwÌ ¶m nwÌr,Xþgam {nVm Ho$ ~hZ Ho$ nwÌ AWdm nwÌr, Vrgam ‘mVm Ho$ ^mB©
Ho$ nwÌ ¶m nwÌr, Mm¡Wm ‘mVm Ho$ ~hZ Ho$ nwÌ AWdm nwÌr, nm±Mdm {nVm Ho$ ‘m‘m H$o nwÌ ¶m nwÌr Ho$
gmW {ddmh d{O©V h¡& ³¶m|{H$ ¶h g{nÊS> ‘mZo OmVo h¡& ~m¡Ym¶Z Y‘© gwÌ Ho$ AZwgma ‘m‘m d ~wAm
H$s gÝVmZm| ‘| {ddmhm| H$m {ZfoY h¡& VobJy V{‘b {Obm| ‘| ewÐm| d ~«m÷Um| ‘| gmbr H$s bS>H$s go
{ddmh hmoVm h¡& O~{H$ ‘Ðmg ‘| ‘¢Zo XoIm H$s Zob‘ Om{V ‘| ^mZOr go {ddmh hmoVm h¡& X{jUr
^maV ‘| Zå~yXar ~«m÷Um| H$mo N>moS>H$a AÝ¶ ~«m÷Um| ‘o§ ‘m‘m H$s bS>H$s go {ddmh H$aZm
Cn¶wº$ g‘Pm J¶m h¡&
3. n«da d{h{ddmh :- à~a ^r àmMrZ F${n¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ AmYm[aV h¡& n«Mma d{h{ddmh Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
{d{^Þ {dÛmZm| Zo {^Þ - {^Þ ‘V àñVwV {H$¶o h¡& nmÊSw>aJ dm‘Z H$mUo Ho$ eãXm| ‘| àda eãX d¥
YmVw go ~Zm h¡, {OgH$m AW© MwZZm hmoVm h¡& Bg{b¶o nmÊSw>a§J H$m ‘V h¡, {H$ ""àda CZ MwZo hþE
F${f¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ h¡, Omo AË¶§V ¶eñdr Wo VWm JmoÌ MbmZo dmbo F${f¶m| Ho$ nyd©O Wo& BZ F${f¶mo§ H$mo
àmMrZ H$mb ‘| ¶k H$aVo g‘¶ ¶O‘mZ ñdoÀN>m go AmhyVr Ho$ g‘¶ ~mobVm Wm& ''H$bm§Va ‘| àdamo
Ho$ F${f¶m| H$s g§»¶m 49 ‘mZr OmVr h¡&
{dkmZoída Ho$ ‘VmZwgma "" Ho$db ~«måhUm| Ho$ hr dmñV{dH$ JmoÌ àda hmoVo h¡& eyÐm| H$m H$moB© àda
Zhr hmoVm ,O~{H$ j{Ì¶m| VWm d¡í¶m| Ho$ JmoÌ H$m àda CZHo$ nwamo{hVm| na Aml¥V hmoVo h¡& '' Hw$N>

{dÛmZm| H$m ‘V h¡, {H$ d¡{XH$ gm{hË¶ ‘| JmoÌ eãX H$m à¶moJ Bg AW© ‘| H$^r Zhr hþAm VWm g§JmoÌ
VWm gàda {ddmh gå~ÝYr {ZfoY 600 B©. ny. go nhbo àmá Zhr {‘bVo Wo&
4. Q>moQ>‘ d{h{ddmh :- Q>moQ>‘ eãX H$m AW© Cg Ord ¶m dZñn{V go h¡, {Oggo H$moB© OZOm{V
AnZm {deof gå~ÝY ‘mZVr h¡& ^maV H$s àm¶: g‘ñV Om{V¶m| ‘| Q>moQ>‘ go ~mha {ddmh H$aZo H$s
àWm h¡& Q>moQ>‘ ‘| {ddmh H$aZm {ZfoY ‘mZm OmVm h¡& Jm|S>mo ‘| d{h{ddmh dJ© d§e H$ho OmVo h¡& BZ
d§emo H$mo nyOo OmZo dmbo XodVmAm| H$s g§»¶m± Ho$ AmYma na dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& gmV XodVmAm|
nwOZo dmbo dJ© VrZ, Mma ¶m nm±M XodVm nwOZo dmbo dJ© ‘| {ddmh H$a gH$Vm h¡& H$‘ XodVm nyOZo
dmbo dJ© H$mo A{YH$ XodVm nwOZo dmbo dJ© AnZo Q>moQ>‘ ‘| Zhr ‘mZVm&
5. Jm±d d{h{ddmh ^maV ‘| AZoH$ àXoe ‘| Jm±d go ~mha {ddmh H$aZo H$s àWm AmO ^r àM{bV h¡&
dS>m¡Xm Ho$ amOnwVmo§ VWm bodm H$Zmo{d¶m| ‘| Jm±d Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo AnZm gå~ÝYr ‘mZZo Ho$ H$maU CZHo$
‘Ü¶ {ddmh gå~ÝY ñWm{nV Zht {H$¶o OmVo &{‘{Wbm ‘| N>moQ>o - N>moQ>o Jm±d ‘| Jm±d {ddmh {Zf©Y h¡&
{ddmh {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¡& ^maVr¶ Y‘© emó Zo {ddmh H$mo AmR> àH$ma H$m ~Vbm¶m h¡&
‘Zw Zo ^r Eogm hr {bIm h¡& S>m±. H$nm{S>¶m Zo {bIm h¡, {H$ nËZr H$mo AmR> àH$ma go nm¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& h‘mao Ý¶m¶ emó Zo ^r AmR> àH$ma Ho$ {ddmh H$m Zm‘ {b¶m h¡& ¶o {ddmh {ZåZ{b{IV h¡&
~«÷ {ddmh
‘Zw, ñ‘¥{V, d{eï> ñ‘¥{V, ¶mkdë¶H$ ñ‘¥{V, Amídbm¶Z ‘| ~«÷ {ddmh H$mo gd©loð> {ddmh g§ñH$ma
‘mZm h¡&~«÷ {ddmh ~«m÷U ¶mo½¶ hmoVm h¡& Bg {ddmh ‘o {nVm gd©JwU gånÞ da H$mo ñd¶§ Am‘pÝÌV
H$a CgH$m {d{YdV gËH$ma H$a X{jUm Ho$ gmW ¶Wme{º$ dóm^wfUm|go Ab§H¥$V H$Ý¶m H$m XmZ
H$aVm h¡& Bg{bE Bgo ~«÷ {ddmh ^r H$hVo h¡& ‘Zwñ‘¥V Ho$ AZwgma ,
""AmÀN>mÜ¶ Mm¶©{¶Ëdm M l¥{VerbdVo ñd¶§^y&
Amhÿ¶ XmZ§ H$Ý¶m¶m ~«m÷Umo Y‘©: àH$s{V©V&''

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