Brad Bergefurd, Jamie Arthur - Barley And Hops Production
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Barley And Hops Production - Brad Bergefurd, Ohio State University South Centers; Jamie Arthur, Little Miami Farms, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA. More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
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Brad Bergefurd, Jamie Arthur - Barley And Hops Production
- 1. Malting Barley and Hops Production in Ohio Ada, Ohio March 7, 2018 Conservation Tillage Conference Jamie Arthur, Little Miami Farm, Xenia, Ohio Brad Bergefurd, Extension Educator, OSU Extension South Centers
- 2. • Brad Bergefurd, OSU • Jamie Arthur, Little Miami Farms
- 3. South Centers Piketon Brad Bergefurd OSU Extension Educator, Agriculture/Horticulture
- 6. Not New to Ohio
- 7. Ohio Craft brewing industry • Ten years ago, you could count all of the state’s breweries on your fingers and toes. Now, more than 266 licensed Ohio breweries and 48 more pending (Ohio Division of Liquor Control www.com.ohio.gov/liqr/ 1/10/18) feed a craft beer demand that unlike the Ohio wine industry’s steady, extended growth of the past 20 years, seems to have bubbled up out of nowhere. • Spurred on by the demands of a growing craft brewing industry and a strong public interest in locally grown brews and ingredients, we have been experimenting with hops as an alternative agriculture income source since 2011.
- 8. Ohio’s Craft brewing industry • Ohio breweries (A1 and A1C licenses) produce a conservative estimated 3,000,000 barrels (31 gallon) of beer annually • Requiring an estimated 9,000,000 pounds of dried hops at 3 pounds per barrel (Not a heavy IPA). • These hops are worth over $54 million, most currently purchased from out of state farms. • To meet these current demands an estimated 6,000 acres of hops (1500 lb./ac yield) are required at current use rates. • In 2012 Ohio had 3 hop farms with less than 10 acres of hops, in 2017 have 82 commercial hop farms (.5 acre or more) ~200 acres planted.
- 9. Ohio Malting Barley • Not new to Ohio. Agricultural statistics records indicate that in 1871 barley was planted on 81,000 acres in Ohio. • Today the number of feed barley acres is down to 5000 – 6000 with an average yield of 72 bushels per acre • The barley cultivated is a six row feed winter barley. • Spring barleys have not been recommended for Ohio as conditions early in the spring are erratic leading to unpredictable and generally poor yields (Beuerlein et al., 2005)
- 10. Ohio Malting Barley Opportunities • Currently source an estimated (3,000,000 barrels x 25 lb per barrel) an estimated 75,000,000 pounds of malted barley at 25 pounds per barrel, worth an estimated $7 million • Most Ohio malted barley is currently purchased from out of state farms. • To meet current demands an estimated ~26,000 acres of malting barley is used by Ohio craft brewers at current use rates • $5.40 to $5.50 per bushel. Barley= 48 lbs. / bushel at 13.5% moisture
- 12. The Brewing Process Kindly provided by Tom Pugh and David Ryder of Miller Brewing Company
- 13. Ingredients • Malted barley • Some use rice or corn to replace a portion of the malted barley • Hops • Water Kindly provided by Tom Pugh and David Ryder of Miller Brewing Company
- 14. Malted Barley • Two types of barley – 2-rowed – 6-rowed • Provides fermentable sugars, flavor, and color. • Malting process: – Steeping – Germination – Kilning • Purpose: – Preserve for brewhouse Kindly provided by Tom Pugh and David Ryder of Miller Brewing Company
- 15. 2-row vs. 6-row 2-row barley has 2 rows of seed on each spike (head) 6-row barley has 6 rows of seed on each spike (head). 2-row has 1 fertile floret per rachis node 6-row has 3 fertile florets per rachis node. Row number affects many aspects of the malting and brewing processes and as such the desired end-product specifications will dictate what row type is used. http://barleyworld.org/FAQ_sheet.php
- 16. What is Malt? • Controlled process of seed germination. • During malting the seed is soaked in water to raise the moisture content and promote germination. • Seed allowed to germinate for 4 to 5 days, after which it is dried (kilned). • Any seed can be malted, but brewers discovered long ago that barley is easy to malt and produces the best beer. • This is a very expensive processing operation.
- 17. Ohio Malting Barley • The real excitement in the Ohio barley picture has nothing to do with livestock or feed grains. The current, rapid growth in the Ohio craft brewing industry has resulted in strong interest in locally sourced ingredients for locally produced beer. • For malt products to be truly local, high- quality, malting grade barley grain must also be available locally.
- 18. Ohio Malting Barley • Malting barley grain standards are very high, requiring a higher level of crop management than feed-grade barley. • The anticipated price for locally produced malting barley when a new, niche market emerges should make the effort to grow it worthwhile. • Malted barley= 34 pounds per bushel • Raw barley= 48 pounds per bushel
- 19. Malting • Barley is received from the farm in trucks. • Mycotoxin analysis is performed to determine contamination levels. • Most maltsters will not accept barley with over 2 ppm fusarium toxins. • Then what do you do with it?? • No Secondary markets exist in Ohio currently • No livestock interest with cheap corn www.crc.dk/flab/danish.htm
- 20. Ohio Malting Barley • Little data exists regarding production economics and the different cultural practices in Ohio that will result in the highest quality grain, and maximum yield possible. • Dr. Dale A. Ray, the oat and barley breeder at OSU 1956 – 1981 developed the last OSU barley release, 'Ray‘. • An active barley breeding program has not been in existence since Ray’s retirement.
- 21. Ohio Malting Barley • Since 2008 , research projects relating to malting quality barley production have been conducted at the OSU/OARDC by Dr. Eric Stockinger • Disease management, nitrogen fertility and variety evaluation have been the focus so far. • The idea driving these trials has been to create a new cash crop opportunity for Ohio farmers with the possibility of entering the commodity malting barley markets.
- 22. Dr. Eric Stockinger- OSU /OARDC • His focus has been to establish an Ohio malting barley breeding program that will make Ohio competitive with our neighboring states and a leader in winter malting barley production. • 209 Williams Hall, 1680 Madison Ave • Wooster OH 44691 • 330/263-3876 • 330/263-3887 (Fax) • stockinger.4@osu.edu
- 23. Ohio Malting Barley Program • Can it be economically grown in Ohio? • Can we compete as a commodity crop? • Ohio needs to expand research and development for local malt production statewide, including production of malting grade barley grain. • Secondary markets need to be established we have NONE now!! • Winter injury and polar vortex events are scary? Need snow pack for insulation may not work in southern Ohio.
- 24. Ohio Malting Barley • There may be real opportunities for specialty malting barley grain production. • One problem is the lack of smaller scale, local malting facilities to process the barley grain into a malt product available to brewers. • FIRST Ohio MALTING FACILITY since Prohibition ended. Haus Malts in Cleveland. • On farm malting facilities. Jamie and Matt Cunningham in Marysville. Others?
- 31. Hops Lupulin Glands Kindly provided by Tom Pugh and David Ryder of Miller Brewing Company
- 33. Field research trials We have documented every step of trellis construction, rhizome planting through harvest with photographs which can be viewed at: http://southcenters.osu.edu/horticulture/other- specialties/hops/hops-photo-gallery
- 34. Challenges for Hops Growers In Ohio • Moisture • Erosion • Soil Content • Sunlight • Pest Control • Trellis Set-up • Harvesting & Harvesting Labor • Drying , Pelletizing, Processing (Food Safety Guidelines) • *Marketing (line up buyers before planting)
- 35. Hop Yard Requirements • Space Requirements: Vertical and field space: 20 ft high unobstructed • Quality plants and varieties needed by your buyer • Typically: 1000 plants per acre • Infrastructure • Trellising: Main poles 20- 24 feet tall • Trolley wires (top wire) • Strings • Irrigation: Drip, Micro-jet sprinkler • $12,000 to $20,000 acre not land
- 36. Hop propagation from rhizomes Rhizomes horizontal underground stem that emerges from plant roots. *Planted May 8th (Wooster)-9th (Piketon) of 2013
- 38. Hop plug plants are now the standard planting material
- 40. Harvesting Hops
- 41. Hand harvesting not economically feasible
- 42. Mechanical harvesting is required
- 43. OSU Hop Harvester 2016
- 46. WWW.OHGG.ORGHop Harvester, Ohio Valley Hops
- 47. WWW.OHGG.ORG Wolf Hop Harvester Barn Talk Hops
- 53. Drying, processing, cooling and pelletizing facilities are required
- 56. WWW.OHGG.ORG Hop Pelletizer, Mankato Farms
- 57. Barn Talk Hops- Lawson Mills Unit
- 58. Where are Ohio Hops Grown?
- 59. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 61. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 62. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 63. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 65. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 66. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 67. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 68. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 69. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 72. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 73. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 74. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 75. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 78. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 79. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 80. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 86. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 87. WWW.OHGG.ORG
- 88. Take Home Message • Establish markets FIRST!!!! Need secondary barley markets for rejected loads. • Line up a malt house in advance. • Quality is Crucial!! • Pre plan!! • You will not get rich growing malting barley or hops! • Barley production costs are higher than wheat, i.e more fungicides most years, more spray applications, more scouting , malting costs, seed cleaning costs, other? • Don’t underestimate the management required • Line up markets, seed, plants, financing, crop insurance, fungicides, labor well in advance
- 89. Research reports and more information • Brad Bergefurd, Horticulture Specialist http://southcenters.osu.edu/horticulture • http://oardc.osu.edu/stockingerlab/t08_pageview/Eric_ Stockinger_.htm • Management of Ohio Winter Malting Barley publication • https://stepupsoy.osu.edu/winter-malting-barley • http://www.facebook.com/SouthCentersOhioHops • Subscribe to OSU hops email lists - go.osu.edu/hopslistserv