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UNIT V
POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON
EDUCATION:
PRE INDEPENDENT INDIA
BUDDHIST PERIOD
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Assistant Professor of History
V.O.C.College of Education
Thoothukudi - 628008
Tamil Nadu. India.
thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in
http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html
Dr.C.Thanavathi
EDUCATION DURING BUDHIST
PERIOD - Introduction
• Gautam Buddha who was an Indian prince of Sakya Dynasty of Kshatriyas.
• The monasteries were the centres of education during the Buddhist period.
• Besides monasteries, there were no other organizations for imparting education.
• Only the Buddhist could receive religious and other types of education.
• Other persons were deprived of this facility. There was no place for Yajna in the
Buddhist system.
• Buddhist period in Indian education roughly starts from 600 B.C and last for
about 1200 years till 600A.D.
• During Vedic period education was mostly individualistic effort whereas during
Buddhist period institutional organization is one of the chief characteristics of
education.
• Buddhist education was based on the teaching of Gautam Buddha.
• These teachings were so important that they remained a source of inspiration for
individual as well as social development in India.
• The influence of Buddhist teachings can not be undermined even during later
period.
Dr.C.Thanavathi
த கால தி க வ - அறி க
• தி ய கள சா ய வ ச தி இ திய இளவரசராக இ த
nfhsத த .
• மட க த கால தி க வ ைமய களாக இ தன.
• மட கைள தவ ர, க வ வழ க ேவ அைம க இ ைல.
• த களா ம ேம மத ம ப ற வைகயான க வ ைய
ெபற . ம ற நப க இ த வசதிைய இழ தன .
• த அைம ப ய ஞ தி இடமி ைல.இ திய க வ ய
த கால ேதாராயமாக 600 ப .சி. த ெதாட கி மா 1200
ஆ க வைர 600 fpgp.
• ேவத கால தி க வ ெப பா தன ப ட ய சியாக
இ த , த கால தி நி வன அைம க வ ய கிய
ப கள ஒ றா .
• த க வ nfhsத த ேபாதைனைய அ பைடயாக
ெகா ட .
• இ த ேபாதைனக மிக கிய வ வா தைவ, அைவ
இ தியாவ தன நப ம ச க வள சி உ ேவக
அள தன.
• த ேபாதைனகள ெச வா ைக ப கால தி ட
ைறமதி ப உ ப த யா .
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Aims of Education
i. Development of education:-.
ii. Formation of character:-.
iii. Religious education:-
iv. Preparation for life:-
v. Physical Development
vi. Development of knowledge
vii. Education of social behaviour
viii. Preservation and Development of human culture
ix. Formation of Values
x. Vocational Development
xi. Education of Buddhist religion
Dr.C.Thanavathi
க வ ய ேநா க க
i. க வ ய வள சி: -.
ii. பz;G உ வா க : -.
iii. மத க வ :-
iv. வா ைக கான தயா : -
v. உட வள சி
vi. அறிவ வள சி
vii. ச க நட ைத ப றிய க வ
viii. மன த கலா சார தி பா கா ம ேம பா
ix. kjpg;G உ வா க
x. ெதாழி வள சி
xi. த மத தி க வ
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Principle or Four noble truths of
Buddhism
Buddha was primarily an ethical teacher and
reformer, not a metaphysician. The message of his
enlightenment points to man the way of life that
leads beyond suffering. The four noble truths are:-
• (1) There is suffering.
• (2) There is cause of suffering
(Dukhasamaudaya).
• (3) There is cessation of suffering
(Dukhanirodha).
• (4) There is a way leading to the cessation of
suffering (Dukhanirodh- marg).
Dr.C.Thanavathi
த தி ெகா ைக அ ல
நா உ னத உ ைமக
• த த ைமயாக ஒ ெநறி ைற
ஆசி ய ம சீ தி தவாதி, ஒ
மேனாத வ நி ண அ ல.
• அவர அறிெவாள ய ெச தி மன தைன
ப தி அ பா ப ட வா ைக
ைறைய கா கிற .
நா உ னத உ ைமக : -
• (1) ப இ கிற .
• (2) ப தி காரண இ கிற
( காசமடயா).
• (3) ப நி த ப கிற ( கான ேராதா).
• (4) ப ைத நி வத ஒ வழி உ ள
( கான ேரா -மா ).
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Pabbaja Ceremony
Pabbaja was an accepted ceremony of the Buddhist monasteries.
Pabbaja means going out. Age 8.
According to this ceremony the students after being admitted to a
monastery had to renounce all his worldly and family relationship.
An individual belonging to any caste could be admitted to a
monastery and after being admitted he did not belong to any caste.
For pabbaja ceremony the individual had to get his head fully shaved
and put on yellow clothes.
In this shape he was presented before the presiding Bhikshu.
On presentation this individual would pray for admission to the
monastery.
On his prayer the head Bikshu would administer three basic advices:
• (1) I take refuse with Budha.
• (2) I take refuge with religion.
• (3) I take refuge with the order.
• The aspirant for admission used to pronounce these advices very
distinctly. Then his admission was permitted. On being admitted
the individual was called a Sharman.
Dr.C.Thanavathi
ப பாஜா வ ழா
• ப பாஜா த மட கள ஏ ெகா ள ப ட வ ழா. ப பாஜா
எ றா ெவள ேய ெச வ எ ெபா .
• இ த வ ழாவ ப , ஒ மட தி அ மதி க ப ட ப ன
மாணவ க அவர உலக ம ப உற க அைன ைத
ைகவ ட ேவ ய த .
• எ தெவா சாதிைய ேச த ஒ நபைர ஒ மட தி அ மதி க
, அ மதி க ப ட ப ன அவ எ த சாதிைய ேச தவ
அ ல.
• ப பாஜா வ ழாவ தன நப தைலைய ைமயாக ெமா ைடய
ம ச ஆைடகைள அண ய ேவ ய த .
• இ த epiyapy; அவ தைலைம ப ு ைவ க ப டா .
வ ள க கா சிய இ த நப மட தி அ மதி க ப ரா தைன
ெச வா .
• அவர ப ரா தைனய தைல ப ு அ பைட
ஆேலாசைனகைள வழ வா :
• (1) நா தாit ம கிேற .
• (2) நா மத jpy; அைட கல ெப கிேற .
• (3) நா உ தர ட த ச அைடகிேற .
• ேச ைக கான ஆ வல இ த ஆேலாசைனகைள மிக ெதள வாக
உ ச க பய ப கிறா . ப ன அவர ேச ைக
அ மதி க ப ட . அ மதி க ப ட ட அ த நப ஷ ம எ
அைழ க ப டா .
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Upasampada Ceremony
உபச பதா வ ழா
• After receiving education
• Age 20 years
• Present himself in front of
all monks
• Monks voted in favour of
him
• Full-fledge member
• க வ ெப ற ப ற
• 20 வய
• அைன
றவ கள
னா த ைன
ைவ க
• றவ க அவ
ஆதரவாக
வா கள தன
• அளவ லான
உ ப ன
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Education
க வ
• Primary Education
• Higher Education
• Bhikshu Education
• த நிைல
க வ
• ேம ப
• ப ு க வ
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Curriculum of Primary Education
ெதாட க க வ ய பாட தி ட
• Duration is 6 years
• Reading, writing,
• Five different sciences
– Morphology,
Astronomy, Medicine,
Logic and Spirituality
• கால 6 ஆ க
• ப த , எ த ,
• ஐ ெவ ேவ
அறிவ ய
- உ வவ ய ,
வான ய ,
ம வ , த க
ம ஆ மக
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Curriculum of Higher Education
• Duration is 12 years
• General knowledge of grammar, religion,
astrology, ayurved and philosophy
• Special education included Pali, Prakit and
Sanskrit languages along with grammar and
literature
• Astrophysics, cosmology, jurisprudence, political
science, economics, arts, skills, vocations,
architecture, Buddhist, Jain and Vedic religions,
theology, logic.
Dr.C.Thanavathi
உய க வ ய fiy தி ட
• கால 12 ஆ க
• இல கண , மத , ேஜாதிட , ஆ ேவத
ம த வ ப றிய ெபா அறி
• சிற க வ ய பாலி, ப ரகி ம
சம கி த ெமாழிக ட இல கண
ம இல கிய க அட
• வான ய ப ய , அ டவ ய , நதி ைற,
அரசிய அறிவ ய , ெபா ளாதார ,
கைல, திற க , ெதாழி க ,
க ட கைல, த, சமண ம ேவத
மத க , இைறய ய , த க .
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Curriculum of Bhikshu Education
ப ு க வ ய பாட தி ட
• Duration is 8 years
• Worldly curriculum –
Reading, writing,
mathematics, arts, skills, and
vocational education
• Religious curriculum –
Buddhist literature: Tripitak,
Sulta, Vinay and Avidhamma
pitak
• கால 8 ஆ க
• உலக பாட தி ட -
ப த , எ த ,
கண த , கைல,
திற க ம
ெதாழி க வ
• மத பாட தி ட -
த இல கிய :
தி ப ட , தா,
வ ன ம
அவ த மா ப ட
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Method of Teaching
க ப த ைற
• Verbal education
• Discussion
• Prominence of logic
• Tours
• Conference
• Meditation
• வா ெமாழி க வ
• கல ைரயாட
• த க தி
கிய வ
• பயண க
• மாநா
• தியான
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Assembly of Learned People
க றவ கள ட
• Beginning and close of every
month
• Compulsory
• Purpose: to maintain the
moral standards
• Due to illness held near his
residence
• ஒ ெவா மாத
ெதாட கி ட ப
• க டாய
• ேநா க : தா மக
தர கைள பராம க
• ேநா காரணமாக
அவர இ ல தி
அ கி நைடெப
Dr.C.Thanavathi
• Mass Education (Group
Teaching)
• Women Education (500
women along with step
mother)
• Vocational Education
• ெவ ஜன க வ
( க ப த )
• ெப க க வ
(வள தா ட
500 ெப க )
• ெதாழி க வ
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Role of Teacher
ஆசி ய ப
• Intellectual and
spiritual helper and
guide
• Father and son
• Not accept any fees
• Arrangement of
boarding
• அறி சா ம
ஆ மக உதவ யாள
ம வழிகா
• த ைத மக
• எ த
க டண ைத
ஏ கவ ைல
• jq;Fk; trjp ஏ பா
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Role of Students
மாணவ கள ப
• Get up early in the
morning
• Make arrangement
• manual service
• Devotion
• prepare himself
• அதிகாைலய
எ தி
• ஏ பா ெச க
• ைகேய ேசைவ
• ப தி
• த ைன
தயா ப க
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Conclusion
ைர
In retrospect we may say that the foundation of modern Indian
system of education was laid down in Vedic system of
education but the complete structure that is central
administration, school education, group teaching, was laid in
the Buddhist system of education.
நவன இ திய க வ ைறய அ தள
ேவத க வ ைறைமய
அைம க ப டதாக ப ேனா கி
பா தா , ஆனா ம திய நி வாக ,
ப ள க வ , க ப த ேபா ற
ைமயான க டைம த க வ
ைறைமய அைம க ப ட .
Dr.C.Thanavathi
THANK YOU
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Dr.C.Thanavathi
Assistant Professor of History
V.O.C.College of Education
Thoothukudi - 628008
Tamil Nadu. India.
thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in
http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html

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Unit 5 Education system in Buddhist period-Dr.C.Thanavathi

  • 1. UNIT V POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: PRE INDEPENDENT INDIA BUDDHIST PERIOD Dr.C.Thanavathi Assistant Professor of History V.O.C.College of Education Thoothukudi - 628008 Tamil Nadu. India. thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html
  • 3. EDUCATION DURING BUDHIST PERIOD - Introduction • Gautam Buddha who was an Indian prince of Sakya Dynasty of Kshatriyas. • The monasteries were the centres of education during the Buddhist period. • Besides monasteries, there were no other organizations for imparting education. • Only the Buddhist could receive religious and other types of education. • Other persons were deprived of this facility. There was no place for Yajna in the Buddhist system. • Buddhist period in Indian education roughly starts from 600 B.C and last for about 1200 years till 600A.D. • During Vedic period education was mostly individualistic effort whereas during Buddhist period institutional organization is one of the chief characteristics of education. • Buddhist education was based on the teaching of Gautam Buddha. • These teachings were so important that they remained a source of inspiration for individual as well as social development in India. • The influence of Buddhist teachings can not be undermined even during later period. Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 4. த கால தி க வ - அறி க • தி ய கள சா ய வ ச தி இ திய இளவரசராக இ த nfhsத த . • மட க த கால தி க வ ைமய களாக இ தன. • மட கைள தவ ர, க வ வழ க ேவ அைம க இ ைல. • த களா ம ேம மத ம ப ற வைகயான க வ ைய ெபற . ம ற நப க இ த வசதிைய இழ தன . • த அைம ப ய ஞ தி இடமி ைல.இ திய க வ ய த கால ேதாராயமாக 600 ப .சி. த ெதாட கி மா 1200 ஆ க வைர 600 fpgp. • ேவத கால தி க வ ெப பா தன ப ட ய சியாக இ த , த கால தி நி வன அைம க வ ய கிய ப கள ஒ றா . • த க வ nfhsத த ேபாதைனைய அ பைடயாக ெகா ட . • இ த ேபாதைனக மிக கிய வ வா தைவ, அைவ இ தியாவ தன நப ம ச க வள சி உ ேவக அள தன. • த ேபாதைனகள ெச வா ைக ப கால தி ட ைறமதி ப உ ப த யா . Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 5. Aims of Education i. Development of education:-. ii. Formation of character:-. iii. Religious education:- iv. Preparation for life:- v. Physical Development vi. Development of knowledge vii. Education of social behaviour viii. Preservation and Development of human culture ix. Formation of Values x. Vocational Development xi. Education of Buddhist religion Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 6. க வ ய ேநா க க i. க வ ய வள சி: -. ii. பz;G உ வா க : -. iii. மத க வ :- iv. வா ைக கான தயா : - v. உட வள சி vi. அறிவ வள சி vii. ச க நட ைத ப றிய க வ viii. மன த கலா சார தி பா கா ம ேம பா ix. kjpg;G உ வா க x. ெதாழி வள சி xi. த மத தி க வ Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 7. Principle or Four noble truths of Buddhism Buddha was primarily an ethical teacher and reformer, not a metaphysician. The message of his enlightenment points to man the way of life that leads beyond suffering. The four noble truths are:- • (1) There is suffering. • (2) There is cause of suffering (Dukhasamaudaya). • (3) There is cessation of suffering (Dukhanirodha). • (4) There is a way leading to the cessation of suffering (Dukhanirodh- marg). Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 8. த தி ெகா ைக அ ல நா உ னத உ ைமக • த த ைமயாக ஒ ெநறி ைற ஆசி ய ம சீ தி தவாதி, ஒ மேனாத வ நி ண அ ல. • அவர அறிெவாள ய ெச தி மன தைன ப தி அ பா ப ட வா ைக ைறைய கா கிற . நா உ னத உ ைமக : - • (1) ப இ கிற . • (2) ப தி காரண இ கிற ( காசமடயா). • (3) ப நி த ப கிற ( கான ேராதா). • (4) ப ைத நி வத ஒ வழி உ ள ( கான ேரா -மா ). Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 9. Pabbaja Ceremony Pabbaja was an accepted ceremony of the Buddhist monasteries. Pabbaja means going out. Age 8. According to this ceremony the students after being admitted to a monastery had to renounce all his worldly and family relationship. An individual belonging to any caste could be admitted to a monastery and after being admitted he did not belong to any caste. For pabbaja ceremony the individual had to get his head fully shaved and put on yellow clothes. In this shape he was presented before the presiding Bhikshu. On presentation this individual would pray for admission to the monastery. On his prayer the head Bikshu would administer three basic advices: • (1) I take refuse with Budha. • (2) I take refuge with religion. • (3) I take refuge with the order. • The aspirant for admission used to pronounce these advices very distinctly. Then his admission was permitted. On being admitted the individual was called a Sharman. Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 10. ப பாஜா வ ழா • ப பாஜா த மட கள ஏ ெகா ள ப ட வ ழா. ப பாஜா எ றா ெவள ேய ெச வ எ ெபா . • இ த வ ழாவ ப , ஒ மட தி அ மதி க ப ட ப ன மாணவ க அவர உலக ம ப உற க அைன ைத ைகவ ட ேவ ய த . • எ தெவா சாதிைய ேச த ஒ நபைர ஒ மட தி அ மதி க , அ மதி க ப ட ப ன அவ எ த சாதிைய ேச தவ அ ல. • ப பாஜா வ ழாவ தன நப தைலைய ைமயாக ெமா ைடய ம ச ஆைடகைள அண ய ேவ ய த . • இ த epiyapy; அவ தைலைம ப ு ைவ க ப டா . வ ள க கா சிய இ த நப மட தி அ மதி க ப ரா தைன ெச வா . • அவர ப ரா தைனய தைல ப ு அ பைட ஆேலாசைனகைள வழ வா : • (1) நா தாit ம கிேற . • (2) நா மத jpy; அைட கல ெப கிேற . • (3) நா உ தர ட த ச அைடகிேற . • ேச ைக கான ஆ வல இ த ஆேலாசைனகைள மிக ெதள வாக உ ச க பய ப கிறா . ப ன அவர ேச ைக அ மதி க ப ட . அ மதி க ப ட ட அ த நப ஷ ம எ அைழ க ப டா . Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 11. Upasampada Ceremony உபச பதா வ ழா • After receiving education • Age 20 years • Present himself in front of all monks • Monks voted in favour of him • Full-fledge member • க வ ெப ற ப ற • 20 வய • அைன றவ கள னா த ைன ைவ க • றவ க அவ ஆதரவாக வா கள தன • அளவ லான உ ப ன Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 12. Education க வ • Primary Education • Higher Education • Bhikshu Education • த நிைல க வ • ேம ப • ப ு க வ Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 13. Curriculum of Primary Education ெதாட க க வ ய பாட தி ட • Duration is 6 years • Reading, writing, • Five different sciences – Morphology, Astronomy, Medicine, Logic and Spirituality • கால 6 ஆ க • ப த , எ த , • ஐ ெவ ேவ அறிவ ய - உ வவ ய , வான ய , ம வ , த க ம ஆ மக Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 14. Curriculum of Higher Education • Duration is 12 years • General knowledge of grammar, religion, astrology, ayurved and philosophy • Special education included Pali, Prakit and Sanskrit languages along with grammar and literature • Astrophysics, cosmology, jurisprudence, political science, economics, arts, skills, vocations, architecture, Buddhist, Jain and Vedic religions, theology, logic. Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 15. உய க வ ய fiy தி ட • கால 12 ஆ க • இல கண , மத , ேஜாதிட , ஆ ேவத ம த வ ப றிய ெபா அறி • சிற க வ ய பாலி, ப ரகி ம சம கி த ெமாழிக ட இல கண ம இல கிய க அட • வான ய ப ய , அ டவ ய , நதி ைற, அரசிய அறிவ ய , ெபா ளாதார , கைல, திற க , ெதாழி க , க ட கைல, த, சமண ம ேவத மத க , இைறய ய , த க . Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 16. Curriculum of Bhikshu Education ப ு க வ ய பாட தி ட • Duration is 8 years • Worldly curriculum – Reading, writing, mathematics, arts, skills, and vocational education • Religious curriculum – Buddhist literature: Tripitak, Sulta, Vinay and Avidhamma pitak • கால 8 ஆ க • உலக பாட தி ட - ப த , எ த , கண த , கைல, திற க ம ெதாழி க வ • மத பாட தி ட - த இல கிய : தி ப ட , தா, வ ன ம அவ த மா ப ட Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 17. Method of Teaching க ப த ைற • Verbal education • Discussion • Prominence of logic • Tours • Conference • Meditation • வா ெமாழி க வ • கல ைரயாட • த க தி கிய வ • பயண க • மாநா • தியான Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 18. Assembly of Learned People க றவ கள ட • Beginning and close of every month • Compulsory • Purpose: to maintain the moral standards • Due to illness held near his residence • ஒ ெவா மாத ெதாட கி ட ப • க டாய • ேநா க : தா மக தர கைள பராம க • ேநா காரணமாக அவர இ ல தி அ கி நைடெப Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 19. • Mass Education (Group Teaching) • Women Education (500 women along with step mother) • Vocational Education • ெவ ஜன க வ ( க ப த ) • ெப க க வ (வள தா ட 500 ெப க ) • ெதாழி க வ Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 20. Role of Teacher ஆசி ய ப • Intellectual and spiritual helper and guide • Father and son • Not accept any fees • Arrangement of boarding • அறி சா ம ஆ மக உதவ யாள ம வழிகா • த ைத மக • எ த க டண ைத ஏ கவ ைல • jq;Fk; trjp ஏ பா Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 21. Role of Students மாணவ கள ப • Get up early in the morning • Make arrangement • manual service • Devotion • prepare himself • அதிகாைலய எ தி • ஏ பா ெச க • ைகேய ேசைவ • ப தி • த ைன தயா ப க Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 22. Conclusion ைர In retrospect we may say that the foundation of modern Indian system of education was laid down in Vedic system of education but the complete structure that is central administration, school education, group teaching, was laid in the Buddhist system of education. நவன இ திய க வ ைறய அ தள ேவத க வ ைறைமய அைம க ப டதாக ப ேனா கி பா தா , ஆனா ம திய நி வாக , ப ள க வ , க ப த ேபா ற ைமயான க டைம த க வ ைறைமய அைம க ப ட . Dr.C.Thanavathi
  • 23. THANK YOU Dr.C.Thanavathi Dr.C.Thanavathi Assistant Professor of History V.O.C.College of Education Thoothukudi - 628008 Tamil Nadu. India. thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html