Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

1. Dr.C.Thanavathi
M.A.(His.), M.Phil. (His.), B.A. (Eng.), M.Ed., M.Phil. (Edn.)
DGT., DCA, SET (Edn.), CTE, PGDHE, Ph.D. (Edn.), Ph.D. (His.)
Assistant Professor of History,
V.O.C. College of Education,
Thoothukudi – 628008.
9629256771
thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in,
http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html

4. 1. The scheme envisages achieving a gross enrolment ratio of 75% from 52.26% in
2005-06 for classes IX-X within 5 years of its implementation.
2. To improve the quality of education imparted at secondary level by making all
secondary schools conform to prescribed norms.
3. To increase the enrolment rate to 90% at secondary and 75% at higher secondary
stage.
4. To remove gender, socio-economic and disability barriers.
5. To provide universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e. by the end of
the 12th Five Year Plan.
Objectives of RMSA

5. 6. To enhance and universalize retention by 2020.
7. To provide a secondary school within a reachable distance of any habitation, which
should be 5 km for secondary schools and 7-10 km for higher secondary schools.
8. To provide access to secondary education with special reference to economically
weaker sections of the society, educationally backward, girls, differently abled and
other marginalized categories like SC, ST, OBC and Minorities.
9. To upgrade Middle Schools into High Schools.
10.To strengthen existing secondary schools with necessary infrastructure facilities.
Objectives of RMSA

22. Challenges in achieving Secondary Education
 Though enrolment of girls is perceived to be complete and more so in urban areas, stakeholders
covered acknowledged that enrolment is lower in remote, rural areas and in conservative households as
well as among tribals.
 The reasons quoted for non- enrolment are:
 Lack of awareness among parents about the importance and benefits of girls’ education.
 Lack of motivation and support from parents due to their illiterate status and poverty.
 Child marriage was quoted as a reason.
 Parents do not find opportunity to work in the district and hence migrate to other places for work, leaving
their children behind. Therefore, child marriage is seen as an option to relieve them of their burden of
having to take care of the child.
 An emerging issue in girls’ discrimination is the issue of eve-teasing outside the school.
 Student absenteeism is expressed as an issue in the schools.

23.  They develop home sickness and the families themselves are reluctant to let them go.
 Lack of money for bus fare in such cases, the tribal school has assisted in paying the fare.
 The constraints faced by teachers due to such absenteeism include completing the syllabus on time
and making the absentees learn the missed portions.
 Parents who reside in villages and are traditional want to get their girl children married before
eighteen years of age.
 Poor economic status of parents compels the children to take up employment and contribute to
family income rather than continue education.
 Lack of motivation from teachers to children in continuing their education.
 Select children from poor families whom do not receive adequate motivation from parents to attend
school, as parents are too busy in their daily labour work than to devote attention to their children.
 Lack of parental involvement in the child’s progress in terms of understanding their activities at school,
follow up on home works assigned, providing guidance and support.

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26. Dr.C.Thanavathi
M.A.(His.), M.Phil. (His.), B.A. (Eng.), M.Ed., M.Phil. (Edn.)
DGT., DCA, SET (Edn.), CTE, PGDHE, Ph.D. (Edn.), Ph.D. (His.)
Assistant Professor of History,
V.O.C. College of Education, Thoothukudi – 628008.
9629256771
thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in
http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html
Thank you