Stress And Mindfulness Training Case Study

Stress And Mindfulness Training Case Study
Education is one of the most important career fields in today's society. A notable percentage of
people in the education field are secondary educators. Without secondary teachers, there would be
no one to teach the upcoming leaders of tomorrow, and set the foundation for them as they begin
their journey into adulthood. With that said, psychological concepts can be applied to secondary
education as well as to everyday life. By gaining a better understanding of stress, burnout, major
depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders from a psychological stand point, secondary educators
will be able to better manage their lives inside and outside of the classroom.
Stress and Mindfulness Training
Stress is one of the biggest things that affects people in their day to day lives. Stress is any response
to a challenging event or situation that can physically, mentally, and emotionally cause strain on a
person (Licht, Hull, & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With secondary educators having to write recommendations, manage classrooms, attend mandatory
meetings, grade assignments, and get paid low wages compared to the amount of time they spend
working outside of school hours, it would only make sense that they would experience some form of
burnout. It is extremely important to make sure that secondary educators find ways to avoid and
manage burnout. Burnout can cause secondary educators to become less involved with their
students, distrustful and nasty towards students and parents. They can begin to care less about their
students learning issues, and become less committed to their job (Roeser et al.,2013). It could also
cause them to acquire a negative outlook on themselves and feel as though they are unable to
perform efficiently in the work place, which can lead to
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Literature Review On Teenage Depression
A study of national trends in depression among adolescents and young adults published in the
journal pediatrics on November 14 found that teen depression jumped from 8.7% in 2005 to 11.5%
in 2014 thats a 37 percent increase so in this report i will be talking about the study that was
conducted by the AAP news and journal gateways and the article i found it on was times health.
Despite the rise in teen depression the study which analyzed data from the national surveys on drug
use and health reported that there really isn't mental health treatment for adolescents and young
adults but there is a growing number of young people who go un–treated or under–treated and for
those who did get help, treatment tended to be really intense often involving specialized care or
prescribed medication. According to the department of health and human resources more than 3
million adolescents aged 12–17 reported at least one major depressive episode in the past year and
more than two million reported to have severe depression that messed up their daily functioning or
in other words it affected their schedules.
Anxiety and Depression are affecting kids behavior and their ability to learn which can lead to
dropping out or being home schooled, a woman named Ellen Chance is working to get more
counselors trained to be able to identify mental health disorders but it wont be easy because thats
going to be a lot of kids to check individually and check them to see if they have any mental illness
which

Examples Of Manic Depression In Hamlet
Carrie Fisher describes life with manic depression as, "The world of manic depression is a world of
bad judgment calls" Manic depression, also known as Bipolar type I is a mood disorder in which the
patient has at least one major manic episode. The world of manic depression is the world that
Hamlet lives in. With aggressive mood swings and outright unsound decisions, Hamlet has been
"diagnosed" by many with manic depression. In William Shakespeare's "hamlet" the main character
Hamlet suffers from manic depression, which is proven by his major depressive episodes, and his
intense manic episodes.
Hamlet's depression over the death of his father shows his lack of mental stability leading to his
manic depression. In the very beginning of the play, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is clear to see Hamlet is at a breaking point, his father has been murdered and he has seemingly no
one to turn to. This angst and sorrow are relatable to people on the idea that his inner emotions and
internal conflict are something that everyone relates to. Shakespeare essentially wrote a diary of
Hamlet's life and this personal look is something unique that was not seen before Shakespeare's
time. Hamlet is not only a look into the internal conflicts of a troubled man, but it is also an
investigation of the soul, and that is why it is so important and enduring. In William Shakespeare's
Hamlet, Hamlet suffers from mental illness seen through his depressive episodes and mania. It is
difficult to say where Hamlet went so wrong, where the cracks in his mental health became creators.
Yet, one thing is for sure, that Hamlet was ill, the manic depression that took over his life cost many
people their lives and that is the true tragedy of this play. Even with the clear symptoms of manic
depression, Hamlet never stood a chance as his mind slowly betrayed him, till he lost all reason and
hope. Hamlet stands as a hopeless tragedy, but a tragedy that would never be

Teen Depression
Introduction When thinking of teenagers we get the feeling of carefree days, days with no or
minimal responsibility and days filled with fun, laughter and joy. This reality is a fairytale for some
teenagers. Adolescent depression is a real and growing problem in our society. Numbers of
depression diagnosed in adolescents are on the rise. Is this because of more depressed teenagers, or
is there an explanation for this. Are there underlying problems or causes for the high depression
numbers? Is there something that we can do to help these teenagers. What are the symptoms and
diagnoses. Factors contributing to this problem are all things that will be discussed in this paper.
Definition Major depression disorder Definition: A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Brage et al. (1995) reported three pertinent factors associated with depression: loneliness, self–
esteem, and age. Puskar et al. (1999) stated that self–reported depressive symptoms in rural
adolescents are significantly related to gender, death in the family, and the perceived positive and
negative impact of life events, including the specific events of losing a close friend, an increase in
the number of arguments with parents, trouble with classmates, and trouble with police. Crow, M.,
Ward, N., Dunnachie, B., & Roberts, M.(2006). According to (Kovacs et al. 1989; Watkins
1995), if someone has had an episode of depression their chance of experiencing more episodes in
the future increase, and if it recurs incomplete recovery is more likely. (Coryell et al. 1993; Paykel
1994; Pyne et al. 1997) Furthermore it is suggested that following recovery young people can
encounter psychosocial problems like intimacy problems, substance abuse, problems with authority
like parents and police. When looking at the subject of depression, more specifically adolescent or
teen depression, it has a relatively young history. In the olden days depression had one criteria, both
for adults and adolescents. Researchers stated that differences in the relative occurrences of
symptoms were relatively small. But studies have shown that although criteria might be the same,
prevalence of symptoms varies across ages. Gender difference is another

The Causes And Effects Of Teen Depression
With over 3,000 attempts every day, suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth in the
United States (Teen Depression Study: Understanding Depression in Teenagers). While there are
many psychological and internal factors, the responsibility to learn about the causes and effects of
teen depression lies within every person that hears this essay. Whether young, old, intelligent, or
curly headed procrastinator; we all possess a duty to the people around us to learn the fundamentals
of society's largest, deadly problem: depression.
Depression, unsurprisingly, manifests itself through a lack of energy, interest, or motivation. It can
also be shown by reduced social interaction, poor dieting, or thoughts of death
(www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml). However, there are much less obvious
effects of depression that are often much less understood and discussed.
Alcoholism and substance abuse have been proven to, in many cases, be the effect of major
depression. In one survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, it was shown that those who had suffered a major depressive episode within the last
year were twice as likely to try drugs or alcohol than those that had no major, recent episodes
(Depressed Young Adults Likely to Start Tobacco, Illicit Drug Use).
The evidence for the relationship between alcoholism and depression is not only found in
Psychological research, but physical (Mao). Researchers with Ning

Negative Effects Of Postpartum Depression
Introduction First–time mothers are more susceptible to experiencing Postpartum Depression (PPD)
and less likely to receive treatment for this disorder. PPD can be difficult to diagnose because
women are often self –reporting and less likely to be forthcoming with their symptoms and detecting
PPD becomes a public health problem (Yonkers, 2001, p. 1856). PPD is a health concern because it
impacts the woman, baby, and family members especially if PPD goes untreated. There are several
factors that need to be taken into consideration for women who may be at a greater risk for
experiencing depression during the PPD period. A woman may begin experiencing symptoms after
three months of delivering the child and experiencing physical and ... Show more content on
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These figures of clinically diagnosed PPD may be like rates in general population (Campbell, p.
594). Women with PPD symptoms should seek out treatment because of the ill effects it can have on
the mother, baby and family members. These percentage rates were found to be lower in reported
studies and two factors suggest that women are self–reporting symptoms that are found in
postpartum regardless of depression. During the first 6 weeks of postpartum is normal for women to
experience physical and psychological changes that include fatigue, eating and sleeping changes.
Self –report checklist access a range of symptoms that may not be specific to depressive disorder
(Campbell, p. 595) and thus, women are experiencing a variety of problems may get higher ratings
on self–reporting measures that are considered subjective. PPD has relation with residence and
research has shown that women who live in large urban areas are likely to have a diagnosis of PPD.
Canada conducted research on women who have been diagnosed with PPD because 30% of their
population live in rural or remote areas and the larger proportion live in large urban areas. Canada
used geographical demographics to understand if there was a risk factor in locations to accurately
reflect differences in communities that accounts for social and occupational of smaller areas to
urban areas (Vigod, p. 1129). The research has determined that women who lived in larger urban
areas were more

The Link Between Anxiety And Depression
Research
Topic: "Anxiety and depression are often linked, experts say, as dealing with long–term anxiety can
lead to depression, or one may feel anxious about their battle with depression."
In order to talk about the "link" between Anxiety and Depression, there is a word that must be
discussed: comorbidity. According one paper, "Comorbidity may imply either the co–occurrence of
two or more disorders in an individual at a given time, or the manifestation of multiple disorders
during the lifetime of the individual." (Seligman and Ollendick, pg. 125) Two disorders may be
comorbid when there is symptom overlap; "when one underlying construct is split into two separate
disorders"; when disorders share risks, or "when one disorder causes or increases the risk of
developing the second disorder." (S and o, pg. 125) People with comorbid disorders are, "typically
more severely impaired than children with either disorder alone." (1) However, there has only been a
limited amount of research done on individuals with comorbid disorders, as comorbidity often
serves to exclude people from entry. This paper with specifically discuss and expand upon the
comorbidity between anxiety and depression.
Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid disorders. In a study done about the relationship
between anxiety and depression, researchers found a group of 106 children who struggled with
DSM–III diagnosed anxiety disorder. Of those 106 children, 28% were found to have a comorbid
depressive disorder.

Definition Essay On Depression
Depression is the feeling of severe despondency and dejection and a long and severe recession in an
economy or market.
What is depression
Depression can be misleading by lots of people have felt depression at times over challenging
situations that can set back ones career and or the ending of an important relationships. Some people
sadness is temporary feelings. Depression can get very worse over time and interferes with
someone's daily life activities.
Depression is a very common mental health disorder after anxiety disorders. Depression affects 7%
of the adults in the whole united states but within a whole lifetime 21% Americans. Men and
Women may experience depression differently. Women are affected at twice at the rate of men.
While men that have depression have a more likely to die of suicide. There can ... Show more
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If you think slowly or be unable to do all of your normal activities.
Lack of Interest– Depression can make people lose all of their interests from their usual activities or
from capacity to experience pleasure. People may have not want to desire to eat.
Lack of Self Esteem– At times while you are depressed because you dwell on all of the losses or the
failure and the excessive guilt and helplessness. Some thoughts are like ' I am a loser', ' The world is
a terrible place' or 'I don't want to be alive' it can take over.
Hopelessness– Depression can sometimes make people feel like they are nothing good. Sometimes
people will get suicidal thoughts, and they need to be taken seriously.
Changes in movement– People that have depression may look like they are physically depleted or
they may be frustrated. For Example– people may wake up early in the morning and pace the room
for hours.
Physical aches and pains– Besides talking about their emotions and their sadness, many people
rather complain about their head hurts or that their stomach

Benefits Of Medicinal Herbs And Nutritional Supplements
Curcumin: Researchers have been studying on different herbs and nutritional supplements which led
to the proposal for managing clinical disorders like depression .For example ashwagandha treats
anxiety and brahmi is being used for the cognitive problems while colostrinin for dementia4 and
ginseng has been successful in treating the sexual dysfunction .(1–4) Curcumin, is one of the
ingredients present in turmeric. It is also an unconventional treatment that has been studied in the
management of depression.Turmeric is a spice originally from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma
longa.Turmeric contains differentnumber of bioactive substances, like polyphenols,
sesquiterpenes,diterpenes, triterpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids.(5,6) ... Show more content on
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Depression is one of the most common health issues and it affects twenty one percent of total
population in the world. (9,10).The major and primary cause of depression has been found to be
imbalance in the physiology of monoaminergic neurotransmission through serotonin (11) .However
, present studies put forward that most of the depression cases are correlated with systemic and
biological imbalances.(12)As a result this lead to the study of how to deal with the imbalances. For
example studying the effect of anti–inflammatory on immuno–inflammations (13) and effect of
antioxidants on increasing antioxidant defences and lower free radical damage. (14,15).Despite the
fact these pharmaceutical agents have antidepressant effect on monoaminergics,evidences support
that they can also alter immuno–inflammation, decrease oxidative stress, intensify neurotrophic
actions and influence HPA activity (16–18). Even though there are wide variety of drugs available
for treating depression, the search for safer drugs leads to the path of research in Curcumin. This
compound has a potential effect in treating depression without any adverse side effects.
(19)According to Xu et al curcumin is the ingredient of curcuma longa and has proven antioxidant
effect and neuroprotective effect. (20,21). Chinese medicine has been found to use the curcumin in

Neighborhood Behavior Summary
The article "Neighborhood Income and Major Depressive Disorder in a Large Dutch Population,"
conducts an experiment on the level at which neighborhood income effects major depressive
episodes (Klijs et al). Major depressive disorder can be defined as a brain disorder which causes
symptoms that affects the way we feel, think, and handling daily activities, such as sleeping
(National Institute of Mental Health). In the article the author used three conceptual methods to
conduct this experiment. Several methods were used to ensure that the study was conducted in the
best way possible, these methods included "adult baseline data, MINI neuropsychiatric interview,
and regression model," all of which helped to properly analyze the study. The conceptual ... Show
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The researchers used methods that targeted the areas of the participant's lives that could be mostly
affected by the subject of the study. According to what was found during the research the authors
conclusions are==; supported by the article. Throughout the article the author explained how similar
studies had been made before and how similar results were concluded. The researchers in this study
used a different approach to this study than the one that other researchers took because they chose to
study them in a close period of time, the researchers from other studies used a different approach by
studying the behaviors of the participants over a long span of time. The article also included charts
that helped to provide a thorough idea of how the study was made and all the different components
that helped to determine the individuals who could be categorized as having a major depressive
disorder, due to their living conditions. Despite the fact that the research was appropriately tested,
there could have still been other methods to conduct the study. Throughout the article the
researchers strayed from making conclusions without providing factual evidence to support it. For
these reasons it can be inferred that the researchers conducted a very comprehensive

Teenagers And Technology
Technology is involved in every aspect of our lives even if we don't seem to realize it. Whether it
inspires somebody to be a professional gamer or a computer hacker, it has changed the generation
we live in today. In order to understand technology, a common definition is "the branch of
knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life,
society and the environment"(Dictionary). According to a CNN report, teenagers tend to spend
about 9 hours a day on social media (Wallace, 2015) To put this statistic more in context, teens
typically sleep 9 hours a night. This means teenagers are spending the same amount of time on
technology than they are sleeping. James Steyer, a chief executive officer, highlights this issue and
states, "It just shows you that these kids live in this 24/7 digital media technology world, and its
shaping every aspect of their life. This is the dominant intermediary in their life"(Wallace, 2015).
The social media platforms that teenagers seem to be browsing the most are Facebook, Instagram
and Snapchat. Facebook is the most used social media site where 71% of all teens between the ages
of 13 to 17 use, while 52% use Instagram and 41% use Snapchat (White, 2017, p.16). All these
platforms are used for the enjoyment of teenagers and aren't necessary in adding quality to their
lives.
Teens use social media in many different forms. The first major form is relational interactions. Many
teenagers only see their

Stress at Work
Impact of work–related stressors on employees' psychological health Mona Rafiq Marfani BBA
Department of Business Administration Iqra University, Karachi INTRODUCTION Job stress can
be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the
job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Job stress can lead to poor
health (mental and physical). "25% of employees view their jobs as the number one stressor in their
lives." ––Northwestern National Life. "75% of employees believe the worker has more on–the–job
stress than a generation ago." ––Princeton Survey Research Associates. "Problems at work are more
strongly associated with health complaints than are any other ... Show more content on
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WORK–RELATED STRESSORS Stressors are the agents which trigger the various stress reactions.
Today 's environment provides physical, emotional, and mental stressors that set off the initial alarm
reaction. Physical stressors in factories are usually linked to noise and physical and chemical
hazards. Emotional or mental stressors can be unpleasant or pleasant. A promotion can be just as
stressful as the loss of a position. Stressors are additive and can build up. The way in which people
are affected depends on their values, experience, and adaptability (Julia Von Onciul, 1996). |Work
related stressors | | | |Physical stressors Emotional and mental stressors | |* Noise * Fear (of
sanctions) | |* Chemical hazards * Joy (about promotion) | |* Temperature extremes * Anger (over
injustice) | |* Physical trauma * Challenge (of a new

The Warning Signs and Risk Factors of Teen Depression
People constantly overlook the severity of depression, more importantly, major teen depression,
which presents a legitimate obstacle in society. Teen depression's intensity results from society's
general lack of acknowledgement of the rising affair. The surprisingly low amount of people aware
of teen depression creates a serious matter in today's world. Within the past year, 15.8% of teens
contemplated the option of suicide, due to their major depression going unnoticed or untreated for
(Vidourek). Most of the causes and signs of depression lie hidden within the individual since
majorities of people experience them without any real issue arising. "A sudden change in behavior is
a main sign of someone being depressed, which could lead to ... Show more content on
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Antidepressants intend to regulate emotions and decrease depressing thoughts, but they have
adverse side effects such as anxiousness, restlessness, and even a possible increase in suicidal
thoughts (Teen Depression: When Should You Worry?). Antidepressants should be utilized as part of
a larger medical plan, such as combining them with counseling and other treatment options
(Dumke). "A combination of psychotherapy [a cognitive–behavioral therapy] and antidepressants
seems to work the best and may keep depression from recurring" concerning teens with depression
(Adolescents and Clinical Depression). Unfortunately, the economic impact of the treatments make
it harder for families to provide help for their depressed teenagers. The costs include "outpatient
care, medication, hospitalization, and residential treatment" (Economic Impact of Depression). Few
people acquire consistent medical treatment as a depressed individual, resulting in less chances of
helping teens with major depression. Since money expresses a barrier between treatment and no
help at all, some schools even provide opportunities and programs that address the suicide and
depression problem to youth in an attempt to help them (Strunk). Overcoming teen depression
becomes realistic once society acknowledges the signs, warnings, causes, and treatment options, and
finding ways to make

Criteria for Diagnosing Major Depression Disorder
Losing a loved one is often a very sad experience. For humans it is natural to mourn the loss of a
loved one. Although everyone suffers differently, grief is a universal experience. For most people
grief resolves naturally, but some people can face symptoms similar to that of major depression.
Although the typical grief period carries on for about two to six months, people can now be
diagnosed with major depressive disorder within weeks of experiencing symptoms. Even well–
known psychologists such as Sigmund Freud have stated, "...although mourning involves grave
departures from the normal attitude toward life, it never occurs to us to regard it as a pathological
condition and to refer it to a medical treatment. We rely on its being overcome after a certain lapse
of time, and we look upon any interference with it as useless or even harmful''(Shear, 2011). The
elimination of the bereavement exclusion from the upcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, 5th Edition will pathologize the normal grief process, which will soon lead to
over diagnosis of major depressive disorder and blur the fine line between grief and depression. In
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, the criteria for Major
Depressive Disorder (MDD) was listed as a loss of interest in daily activities, impaired social,
occupational, and educational functioning, and at least 5 of the specific symptoms to appear
everyday. These specific symptoms include a

Major Depressive Disorder In The Yellow Wallpaper By...
After reading Charlotte Perkins Gilman`s short story " The Yellow Wallpaper" and having carefully
analyzed the text, I am leaning towards a diagnosis of, major depressive disorder. The observed
symptoms, which the protagonist seems to line up with the following symptoms listed in for Major
depressive disorder in the DSM–5 checklist provided in the book (Comer, 2014). In the short story,
the protagonist has mentioned and expressed with her actions feeling: in a depressed mood for most
of the day, Daily diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activates for most of the day, Decrease
in daily appetite, experiencing hypersomnia, daily fatigue or loss of energy (Comer, 2014). These
things mentioned are symptoms that are categorized as being ... Show more content on
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For a long period, those suffering from disorders were not given the most adequate treatments. In
fact, it was believed that those with mental illnesses were possessed by demons or were accused of
witchcraft because of their abnormal behavior (Comer, 2014). Later on new solutions for these
illnesses rise. Those with mental disorders would either get operations called trephinations (Comer,
2014) or were locked away in a hospital, which is exactly what happened to the protagonist of this
short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. However, the protagonist was not
locked up away in a hospital, but she was locked up in a room in her house because of her husband,
a physician, believed this would help "cure" her depression. Unfortunately, his treatment did not the
way he expected. But recently, changes have been made, and breakthroughs in the cause and
treatment of mental illness have been discovered. Unfortunately, these discoveries did not come
soon enough for some. Luckily, psychologists have learned from the mistakes of doctors' treatments.
Her husband diagnosed her with depression, therefore he should have encouraged her to go out and
do activities she highly enjoys. It would have been great if he spent more time with her or surround
her with her loved ones instead of having her

Holden Caulfield 's Mental Disorder
Tetonic 1
Nichole Tetonic
Psychology of literature
Mr. Seaman
Due date: 11/10/15 Holden Caulfield's Mental Disorder
Mental disorders can be diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Major depression is a lost
of interest or pleasure in all activities. People with major depression experience symptoms such as a
change of appetite, restlessness sleep, decreased energy, feeling of worthlessness, difficulty
concentrating, and/or suicidal thoughts. A major depressive episode can lasts for about 2 weeks or
more. A major depressive episode can be caused by stress, social anxiety, or other reasons. People
with a milder depression are able to function and seem normal (DSM–IV–TR). A major depressive
disorder affects about 14.8 million adults in America with 6.7 million at age 18 and older in the
United States population. A depressive disorder can develop in any age and more likely to occur
more often in women than in men and any person who is going through a hard time can develop
depression. A treatment for individuals with depression is medication, psychotherapy, or attending
social groups, 80 percent of the people who follow up with these treatments begin to show
improvement with in four to six weeks. About 50 percent of the patients that take medicine to "cure"
the depression are unsuccessful with the treatment, because they stop taking their meds due to the
side effects, but the people who are in the support

The Effects Of Drug Therapy On The Lives Of An Individual
Abnormal disorders can impair the life of an individual to the point that they are unable to function
in their day to day lives.Schizophrenia is a very chronic and severe disorder that changes in the way
the person thinks, feels, and how they relate to other people and the outside environment.
Schizophrenia often has a lasting impact on their quality of life in both their personal satisfaction
and the ability to hold a job among other things as a result of having positive and negative
symptoms. Another chronic abnormal disorder is depression which involves the mind, body and
thoughts. Depression interferes with daily life and normal functioning for the individual that they
can not simply get better. Both disorders are very serious that ... Show more content on
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Also, the patient stopped talking entirely by the third year of her disorder. The researchers used a
modified Electroconvulsive Therapy treatment on the patient three times a week with the frequency
at 70Hz every time (Batu et. al. 2013). After 3 ECT sessions, the researcher started to see little
improvement in her health but she still impaired in speech. However, after 9 sessions of the
treatment she started to formulate audible words. Once the case study was concluded, after 12
sessions she started speaking normally again and responded very well after just 14 sessions of
Electroconvulsive Therapy. Furthermore, a very important finding in her case is that when she was
discharged her Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale score for her disorder was 44 which is
significantly lower than her original score of 94 when the treatment started. Basu's case study
supports the notion that ECT can very much reduce the symptoms on a treatment resistant disorder.
Most of the studies conducted on the efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy tend to have a very
small sample size since treatments vary in each person and the duration of it. There are many types
of Electroconvulsive Therapy such as continuation ECT and Maintenance ECT. Continuation ECT
pertains to the administration of ECT in the first 6 months following a discontinuation of the

Depression And Adolescent Depression
"In 2015, an estimated 3 million adolescents aged 12 to 17 in the United States had at least one
major depressive episode in the past year" ("Major Depression Among Adolescence"). One of the
leading mental health issue amongst teen in America is depression. Depression (major depressive
disorder) is defined in the American Psychiatric Association as causing an overwhelming feeling of
sadness and loss of interest in activity. One must understand the causes of depression, how
depression affects the adolescence, and how to treat adolescence depression in order to help those
suffering from depression. To be successful in helping adolescence suffering from depression, one
must understand the causes of depression. The first of three factors ... Show more content on
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The unstable balancing of hormones in the body can trigger the onset of depression. When
neurotransmitters (natural brain chemicals) are impaired while carrying signals to other parts of the
body, nerve systems and receptors can change which will cause depression. Environmental factors
in ones life is the third cause which can lead an adolescent to being susceptible to developing
depression. Environmental factors that can cause depression are factors of everyday life that bring
stress and discomfort to the adolescent. The home life of an adolescent will determine the quality of
life he has. Divorce, financial instability, dysfunctional family, lack of sleep, abuse, death, bulling,
and school are just a few of the numerous environmental factors that can negatively impact the
adolescents life leading to depression. Not only is the cause of depression necessary in
understanding those who suffer from depression, but understanding the affect it has on the
adolescent is necessary to help those suffering. Depression affects the adolescent emotionally,
physically, and functionally. In understanding these three factors, one can understand the mindset
and mentality the depressed adolescent is feeling. Emotions are essential to determining the outcome
of ones day. If ones emotions are unstable, it creates an internal battle of feeling at peace.
Depression causes adolescents to impress negative feelings through their day. According to the
National Institute of Mental

Stigmatization Of Mental Depression
Many people believe that while mental illness exists in the world today, depression is not included
and is rather just another form of long–term moodiness. Because of this perspective that societies
share, depression has become a bigger problem than it needs to be.
Mayoclinic.org (2015) defines depression as "a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of
sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects
how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. You
may have trouble doing normal day–to–day activities, and sometimes you may feel as if life isn't
worth living." It also states that it is not a weakness and that it can be long–term.
One of the leading problems regarding Depression that increases the problem and ruins the chances
of treatment is that people around the world assume that it is a case of moodiness rather than a
medical problem that needs specific treatment.
Self–Stigmatization of those dealing with depression is another issue that prolongs it; this affects
how it is dealt with. Depressed people see that their illness as a shameful and appalling thing and
often hide it to protect themselves from being judged by others. ... Show more content on
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This form of depression is one of the most complex because how are people supposed to help you if
they think you are content with life and not dealing with negative and depressive thoughts on a daily
basis. Smiling depression stems from people who don't acknowledge their symptoms or often scared
of being perceived as fragile. It is usually used as a defense

What To Say About Robin Williams
"Even more troubling than the misdiagnoses is the fact that an estimated 1.4 million people are
suffering from the disease and might not know it. DLB is the second most common
neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's," says Pantelyat. "It is certainly not rare, it is the most
common of the atypical Parkinson disorders that I deal with. That coupled with a lack of recognition
adds up to a lot of patients who are not getting the appropriate care. Dr. Galvin adds that the general
lack of awareness and standardized testing for the disease only complicates the issue. Even though
the symptoms of LBD are present in the majority of patients, it is difficult to come up with a
standardized way to assess each of the symptoms so that the average ... Show more content on
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Even though depression is a symptom of LBD, the fact that Williams had suffered from depression
for decades greatly impacted his choice to take his own life. The world wanted to know how could a
man so funny and happy take his own life. As we learned after Robin Williams suicide, with the help
of his widow Susan Williams, we soon learned all of the facts that lead up to his death. There are
many different degrees of depression ranging from mild to moderate to severe depression. Williams
was suffering from major depressive disorder and Lewy Body Dementia at the time of his death. He
was never officially diagnosed with depression and if not treated properly it will become worse over
time. Drugs and alcohol also played a role in demise. The fact that Robin Williams was dealing with
the debilitating LBD and untreated severe depressive disorder was just too much for him to bear.
Robin Williams LBD symptoms along with decades struggling with these symptoms had proved to
be too much for him. The suicide of Williams was tragic and heartbreaking, especially for his
family. The world lost an extraordinarily talented actor, amazing father, husband and human being.
We will never have the opportunity to see another performer or person like Robin Williams

Society 's Perception Of Abraham Lincoln 's Depression
I have a challenge for you. Find me one famous person who does or did not suffer from some form
of a mental disorder or setback. Doesn 't it seem like the prevalence of famous people from
celebrities to politicians who suffer from some form of a mental disorder outweighs the famous
people who don 't. Think about it. Only ten percent of the population suffer with depression.
However, almost everyone who's in the spotlight in modern society suffers from a mental setback.
Even a lot of historical figures also suffer from a lot of different mental setbacks. For example,
someone might have an eating disorders, addiction, depression etc all steaming from untreated
depression. Specifically, I will analyze Abraham Lincoln 's depression, depression itself, society's
perception of Abraham Lincoln 's depression, and ways society should improve to help those
suffering from depression. Depression is a mental disorder affecting the brain usually caused by a
chemical imbalance. Abraham Lincoln suffered from major depression also referred to as his
"melancholy". Society needs to realize that the label of depression doesn't need to hold you back;
rather, it helps propel some people through society's aristocratic class. Depression is a double edge
sword creating self–hatred and causes some people to be overly self–critical. On the other hand, the
self–hatred that it creates pushes people over the edge to try to change themselves into society
"perfect person" and, like Lincoln some of

Major Depressive Disorder And Major Depression
Major Depressive Disorder and Major Depressive Episodes affect many across the country in
various forms and degrees. Though many are affected by MDD/MDE most do not receive the help
they need. A group that may not always be acknowledged in suffering from major depressive
disorder/major depressive episodes are adolescents. Consequently, more often than not, adolescents
do not receive a diagnosis or support with their struggles. Mental illness symptoms in adolescents
may be dismissed for various of reasons, but can have a serious impact on various aspects of their
lives.The struggles could be mitigated and managed by a public health approach. Public health
approach may help to first collect the information on the extent of the issue. The ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The National Survey on Drug use and Health found "in 2014, 11. 4 percent of adolescents aged 12
to 17 (2. 8 million adolescents) had an MDE during the past year" (SAMSHA). The pressures and
struggles of being an adolescent can only be exacerbated by major depressive episodes or even a
diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Adolescents require support for their experiences and
attention needs to be brought to their trials. . Major depression not only affects adolescents' social
and academic lives, but influence, directly, their actions and decisions as well. Adolescents can
partake in numerous actions to cope with their feelings of depression such as taking drugs. The
National Survey on Drug use and Health found that,"Youths with a past year MDE in 2014 also
were more likely than those without an MDE to be users of marijuana, nonmedical users of
psychotherapeutics, users of inhalants, and users of hallucinogens in the past year" (SAMSHA). The
survey shows that MDE can put adolescents at a vulnerability to participate in risky behaviors. The
world of drugs can be an outlet to deal with depression. This outlet though may even lead to a
struggle with the very substances used to cope with their depression. The National Survey on Drug
use and Health found as well that,"An estimated 340,000 adolescents aged 12 to 17 in 2014 had a
co–occurring MDE and an SUD [substance use disorder] in the past year in 2014" (SAMSHA). The
correlation of drug use and

Teenage Depression : How My Story Can Help Others
Blake Jerue 12/13/16 English 1110 Teenage Depression: How My Story Can Help Others Most
families think that their moody teen is just in a phase that all adolescents go through. Puberty, that
time when an individual goes from a child to a teen. It marks a time of physical changes, but for
many teens may also mark the start of something that will stay with them for many years;
depression. Depression effects an estimated 19 million Americans, making it one of the most
prevalent mental illnesses in the United States (Hell, 2015). The National Institute of Mental Health
(2016) found around 12.5% of all American adolescence (ages 12–17) experienced at least one
depressive episode in 2015. I am among that 12.5%. I was diagnosed with depression and anxiety in
2015 after experiencing depressive symptoms for almost five years. For five years, I had
experienced increases of depressive episodes until I knew I needed to make a change, and that
decision was one of the best I have ever made. Through my experience, my family, friends, and I
learned what can cause, advance, and help cope with depression. Looking back, I can see the signs
that I was depressed far before I was diagnosed. When I was 14 years old I experienced the first few
symptoms that many teens get, "Irritable or annoyed mood, Low self–esteem" and the trademark of
the angry teenager, "Frustration or feelings of anger, even over small matters" (Mayo Clinic Staff,
2016). My family and I thought that this was normal, after

Depression : A Common Mental Disorder
Depression. What is it? How are people with depression treated by others? Depression is defined as
a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, unimportant, and often is
unable to live in a normal way. (Depression. 6) Think about anytime you or someone you know who
has ever felt really sad or just down in the dumps. But in most instances, you or this person usually
cheer up right? Many people suffer from different kinds of depression, most seeking help. When it
comes to how someone with depression is treated, just like any disability or disorder, it varies
person to person.
"Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 350 million people of all ages suffer
from depression. Depression affects all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are only a couple of the most widely recognized manifestations of depression.
Three main types of depressive disorders–major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and
bipolar disorder–can occur with any of the anxiety disorders.
"Major depression involves at least five of these symptoms for a two–week period. Such an episode
is disabling and will interfere with the ability to work, study, eat, and sleep. Major depressive
episodes may occur once or twice in a lifetime, or they may re–occur frequently. They may also take
place spontaneously, during or after the death of a loved one, a romantic breakup, a medical illness,
or other life event. Some people with major depression may feel that life is not worth living and
some will attempt to end their lives." (Depression | Anxiety and Depression Association of America,
ADAA 6)
"Persistent depressive disorder, or PDD, (formerly called dysthymia) is a form of depression that
usually continues for at least two years. Although it is less severe than major depression, It involves
the same symptoms as major depression, mainly low energy, poor appetite or overeating, and
insomnia or oversleeping. It can manifest as stress, irritability, and mild anhedonia, which is the
inability to derive pleasure from most activities. People with PDD

The Treatment Of The United States
Andy was embarking on his second semester of his junior year in college. After a long bout with a
cold and the sudden emergence of a protruding mass on his chest, he knew something was not right.
Within a week, he received devastating news – a diagnosis of an aggressive form of bone cancer.
The treatment regiment included two years of chemotherapy and radiation. The extensiveness of his
cancer made surgical treatment impossible. After just his first dose of chemotherapy, he became
septic and spent six weeks in an intensive care unit followed by weeks of rehabilitation. Although he
had been optimistic about continuing to attend classes and staying involved with campus
organizations throughout the treatment course, a disabled immune system and countless days in the
hospital prevented this. His friends and peers became distant because his appearance and prognosis
made them uncomfortable and speechless. He eventually relied on his mother and closest friends to
take him to appointments because of increasing weakness and chronic pain. When his world was
virtually turned upside down and he eventually lost much of his independence, Andy started to
display symptoms of major depressive disorder. According to the DSM–5, individuals who have a
major depressive episode without history of mania are diagnosed with major depressive disorder
(Comer, 2014, p. 175). Five or more symptoms of a major depressive episode must be present for a
diagnosis. Andy's symptom presentation included

A Stress And Coping Theory Proposed That Stress From...
A stress and coping theory proposed that stress from social and environmental factors underlie how
detrimental romantic relationships can be on young female's mental health (Brooks–Gunn &
Warren, 1989). This suggests that females maturing earlier than males, are genetically pre–disposed
to be vulnerable to stress during this period. Research has found that females carrying a specific
short allele are genetically predisposed to depression, following stress–related incidences. This is
because the short allele is sensitive to interpersonal stressors that result from romantic conflict
(Starr, Hammer, Brennan & Najman, 2012; Vrshek–Schallhorn et al. 2014). Romantic relations
could increase the risk of depression more by the stress produces and because younger girls do not
possess adequate coping skills, they are unable to deal with the stress (Starr & Hammen 2016).
Neurobiological processes such as brain development was suggested as a risk factor for depression
development in romantically involved, early adolescent girls. Early, adolescent girl's brains are still
developing so they do not have the required skills to self–regulate (limit the extent you are affected)
romantic relationship stress (Sowell et al., 1999; Larson Clore & Wood). Caspi et al. (2003) stated
that romantic relationships are perceived as challenging and young females do not possess the skills
to cope with romantic stress. Consequently a girl's first romantic relationship is suggested to be the

Support For Removing The Bereavement Exclusion
Controversies Support for removing the bereavement exclusion Koukopoulos and Sani (2013) found
that in ancient times the core of depression with mixed features consisted of the following excitatory
symptoms: agitation, anxiety, anger, racing and crowded thoughts, irritability, and rage. The DSM–5
criterion for mixed features mentions only two of the seven symptoms (Koukopoulos & Sani, 2013).
In more recent literature as referenced by the DSM–5 mood disorders work group, it was found that
some of the authors did not find any of the proposed DSM–5 symptoms for depression with mixed
features diagnostically relevant. The first two diagnostic criteria proposed by the DSM–5 are
euphoria and grandiosity, which were found to be too rare to be considered important because they
are so infrequently occurring in a small amount of depressive patients (Koukopoulos & Sani, 2013).
Additionally, there was weak evidence to support the DSM–5 definition of mixed features for
depression historically and scientifically. Overlapping criteria such as psychomotor agitation,
irritability, and mood liability are found to be the core features of mixed depression. Due to this
criterion, it is possible that many patients with mixed depression will most likely be diagnosed and
treated inadequately. Instead, the evidence found supports the clinical validity for an alternative
definition for agitated depression and mixed depression (Koukopoulos & Sani, 2013). According to
Zisook et al (2013),

The Prevalence Of Mental Illness
Mental illness is increasingly being recognized as a challenge faced by many Canadians. The Mental
Health Strategy for Canada estimates that 'in any given year, one in five people in Canada
experiences a mental health problem or illness'. (Bartram et al., 2012) The prevalence of mental
illness is not exclusive to the Canadian population and it is estimated that these figures are rising. In
2004, the World Health Organization ranked major depression as third in terms of the overall burden
of diseases in the world, (measured by Disability–Adjusted Life Years) and it is predicted to rise to
second by 2030. (Langlois et al., 2011) One of the greatest concerns is that many in need of mental
health services are not receiving treatment. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the onset of
mental illness and gender differences are evident in terms of prevalence and causation. Gender
specific mental health services should be incorporated into the Canadian school system to promote
mental health among adolescents, identify those who require individualized services and reduce the
stigma associated with mental illness. The Mental Health Commission of Canada estimates 'up to
70% of young adults living with mental health problems report that the symptoms started in
childhood.' (Bartram et al., 2012) In a study that investigated the incidence and prevalence of
depression among adolescents, it was determined that 'by age 21, the lifetime prevalence of at least
one episode of depression was

Postpartum Depression : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay
1 Running head: POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION 7 POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION Possibility of
Predicting Postpartum Depression Stephanie Vasiljevs Charter Oak State College Abstract Pregnant
women will be investigated to see if postpartum depression can be predicted and possibly prevented.
The investigation will examine postpartum case histories, and academic journal articles, and
secondary sources such as, text books and websites. Through this investigation, woman can find out
triggers to avoid and possible warning signs in pregnancy that could possibly predict for postpartum
depression. Being able to predict postpartum depression women can prevent the possibility of facing
postpartum depression. Possibility of Predicting Postpartum Depression Postpartum Depression
Diagnosis It is normal for a woman to experience some sort of the ?baby blues? after delivery.
Studies have found that 50% to 75% of women go through ?baby blues? in the days following
giving birth (Beck, 2016). Symptoms of the ?baby blues? are crying, irritability, fatigue, and anxiety.
Although these symptoms can cause some disturbance in normal routine and sometimes cause a new
mom to worry, no treatment is required (Beck, 2016). When symptoms continue beyond ten days or
become worse that is when a new mom should consult a doctor (Beck, 2016). Postpartum
depression is not as prevalent as the ?baby blues?, but it is much more debilitating and serious. Beck
(2016) explains in her article

Treating Adolescent Depression : A Systematic Review
Treating Adolescent Depression in Primary Care: A Systematic Review
Siedah D. McNeil
University of Kentucky Treating Adolescent Depression in Primary Care: A Systematic Review
It is estimated that 20% of adolescents will experience a major depressive episode by the age of 18.
According to the 2014–2015 National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement, adolescents
diagnosed with a major depressive disorder have a lifetime prevalence rate of 11%, and a 12 month
prevalence rate of 7.5%. Of those diagnosed with depression, only about 60% receive treatment.
Which lends to the questions of why some adolescents receive treatment and others do not, and what
treatment options are most effective in reducing depression among adolescents. However, before
those questions can be addressed, it is important to understand how and where adolescents are
screened for depression.
Primary care settings offer the most practicality for assessing depression risks during well child and
urgent care visits, however not all adolescents are screened. Elisabeth Ozer et al (2009) reported that
females, older adolescents (15–17), and those of Latino descent are far more likely to be screened
for depression during primary care visits as compared to other groups. To explain the gender
difference, Ozer et al go on to state that female patients are perhaps more likely to engage in
discussing sadness or depression with their health care provider, whereas male patients are not as
inclined to discuss such

The Effects Of Chronic Conditions On A Diagnosis Of Major...
The article, "Quantifying the impact of chronic conditions on a diagnosis of major depressive
disorder in adult focuses on the background on the diagnosis and how chronic illness can lead to
major depressive disorder. The researcher conduct a study at Mayo clinic with patients that were
diagnosed with a chronic illness. Researchers found that patients with specific chronic illness such
as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis may have a greater change of being diagnosis with
major depressive disorder.
Ryu, E., Chamberlain, A. M., Pendegraft, R. S., Petterson, T. M., Bobo, W. V., & Pathak, J. (2016).
Quantifying the impact of chronic conditions on a diagnosis of major depressive disorder in adults: a
cohort study using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 68(2), 110–119. doi:10.1111/pcn.12106
The article, "A descriptive analysis of quality of life using patient– reported measures in major
depressive disorder in a naturalistic outpatient setting," focuses on how major depressive disorder
affects a persons quality of life. The researcher conducted a cross– sectional study with 319 patients
that were seeking treatment for Major depressive disorder at a outpatient hospital.
The researcher concluded that, impairment of quality of life increases in a monotonic fashion with
depressive symptoms severity"(Ishak, Bresee, Greenberg, Fakhry, Christensen, & Rapaport, 2013).
IsHak, W., Balayan, K., Bresee, C., Greenberg, J., Fakhry, H., Christensen, S., & Rapaport, M.
(2013). A descriptive analysis of quality of life using patient–reported measures in major depressive
disorder in a naturalistic outpatient setting. Quality Of Life Research, 22(3), 585–596.
doi:10.1007/s11136–012–0187–6
Mental Health Interventions: Major Depressive Disorder
The article, "Cognitive–Emotional Training as an Intervention for Major Depressive Disorder,"
focuses on cognitive emotional training as an intervention tool to assist patient with Major
Depressive Disorder. The researcher utilized cognitive emotional training to enhance cognitive
control for emotional information processing and targeting components in patients with major
depressive disorder (Xiaozhen, Tianmei, Gang, Huali, Qi, Changqing, &Xin, 2016). The

Fighting More Than the Blues: A Look into Depressive...
Fighting More Than the Blues: A Look into Depressive Disorders
This paper will focus on depressive disorders, and it will describe what they are, how they manifest
themselves, what causes them and/or what makes certain individuals susceptible to the disorder as
compared to others. This piece will also describe the most common treatment practices, and the
effectiveness of these treatments. It will conclude by offering some testimonials from individuals
who suffer from depressive disorders as well as some additional commentary about depressive
disorders and their implications/challenges.
What is depression?
A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It affects the way a
person eats and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Nordenberg, 4–6). People with milder forms of depression may respond favorably to
psychotherapy; however, it is common for people with moderate to sever depression to benefit from
both the use of anti–depressants and psychotherapy. Lastly, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used
by people who suffer from severe depression or by people whose depression is life threatening or for
those who cannot take anti–depressant medications. ECT is most effective where anti–depressants
can't provide sufficient relief of symptoms. In order for ECT to be effective, several sessions are
necessary, usually three sessions per week. (5). ("Depression: An Overview" 5–7).
Testimonials
The purpose of this section is to give voice and in a sense an opportunity for suffers of depression to
express what depression feels like, the challenges that treatments or their failure pose on their lives,
goals, personal sustainability, a space to express frustration but also hope.
Every minute feels like a week when I'm waiting to see if something will work.
It's like the worst migraine of your life, and it seems like it will never go away.
Nothing disturbs me more than when someone tries to describe something as complicated as a
mental state with something as simplistic as serotonin levels.
I still have people tell me that I should cheer up because I have nothing to be depressed about, as if I
had a choice in the matter.
So many people have worked hard to make me well, so I'm

Stigmatization Of Depression
Many people believe that while mental illness exists in the world today, depression is not included
and is rather just another form of long–term moodiness. Because of this perspective that societies
share, depression has become a bigger problem than it needs to be.
Mayoclinic.org (2015) defines depression as "a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of
sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects
how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. You
may have trouble doing normal day–to–day activities, and sometimes you may feel as if life isn't
worth living." It also states that it is not a weakness and that it can be long–term.
One of the biggest problems regarding Depression that increases the problem and ruins the chances
of treatment is that people around the world assume that it is a case of moodiness rather than a
medical problem that needs specific treatment.
Self–Stigmatization of those dealing with depression is another issue that prolongs it; this affects
how it is dealt with. Depressed people see that their illness as a shameful and appalling thing and
often hide it to protect themselves from being judged by others. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This form of depression is one of the most complex because how are people supposed to help you if
they think you are content with life and not dealing with negative and depressive thoughts on a daily
basis. Smiling depression stems from people who don't acknowledge their symptoms or often scared
of being perceived as fragile. It is usually used as a defense

The Term Major Depressive Disorder
Introduction
The term major depressive disorder was created by a group of US clinicians in the mid–1970s as
part of proposals for diagnostic criteria based on patterns of symptoms (Spitzer et al, 1975). MDD
made its first appearance in the third edition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM III) (Phillip, Maier & Demo, 1991). MDD is a mental disorder characterized by an
impairment of functioning in one or more areas of life due to a depressed mood and loss of interest
in activities combined with other symptoms for a minimum of two weeks (APA, 2013, 161).
According to the DSM–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), MDD is characterized by one
or more major depressive episodes minus a history of manic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Epidemiology
According to Klerman & Gershon et al (2013), there has been an increase in the prevalence of major
depressive disorder within the last 70 years in the US. Even though a community studies of mental
disorders have been situated in the United States of America previously in the completion of the
World War 2, it was just in the early 1980s that a complete organized professional consultations
were established to diagnose particular mental disorders (Comstock et al., 1976, Helgason T. 1964,
Lin TY. 1953). The initial tool was the DIS (Diagnostic Interview Schedule) (DIS), Robin LN et al
1981which was established for use in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study Robin LN et
al 1991 for the evaluation of the overall population incidence of mental disorders by Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
A study suggested that gender differences in the diagnosis occurred between the ages of 15 and 18.
The rise in the occurrences of new cases of depression is paramount throughout the pre–puberty
years (Hankin et al 1998). Similarly, MDD is less common among children than adolescents. 1.9%
of children have met the criteria for MDD in comparison to 4.7% of adolescents (Kashani &
Sherman, 1988). In yet another study, a one year prevalence of MDD was found in 3.3% of

Diagnostic Features, Sociocultural Factors, And Treatment...
Introduction:
Diana Miller is a deeply troubled young woman who has on numerous occasions been hospitalized
in psychiatric institutions for severe abnormal behaviour. Following a serious suicide attempt and
seventh hospitalization, Diana was given a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and a borderline
personality disorder (BPD). The purpose of this essay is to elucidate the diagnostic accuracy of
Diana's disorders via the analysis of diagnostic features, sociocultural factors, and treatment
interventions.
Diagnostic Features: The diagnosis of Major depressive disorder and Borderline personality disorder
(BPD) are entirely accurate, as Diana's behaviour epitomizes the characteristics and diagnostic
features of both disorders. As outlined in the DSM–5, Diana exemplifies symptoms warranting a
diagnosis of major depressive disorder, as she displays the presence of five or more specified
symptoms while having no prior history of mania. Diana exhibits the diagnostically required
symptoms of frequent depressed mood, diminished interest in normal activities, and recurring
suicidal thoughts/attempts, resulting in considerable distress and impairment. (APA, 2013, p. 160–
161). In addition to fitting the diagnostic criteria, Diana demonstrates marked deficits in areas of
functioning. Most strikingly Diana typifies emotional symptoms common in unipolar depression
including prolonged and severe unhappiness, crying spells, and a general sense of hopelessness.
Diana also displays

Essay on Understanding Clinical Depression
Everybody's mood varies according to events in the world around them. People are happy when they
achieve something or saddened when they fail a test or lose something. When they are sad, some
people say they are 'depressed', but the clinical depressions that are seen by doctors differ from the
low mood brought on by everyday setbacks. Psychiatrists see a range of more severe mood
disturbances and so find it easier to distinguish these from the normal variations of mood seen in the
community. General practitioners (GP's) need to be sensitive enough to distinguish emotional
reactions to setbacks in life from anxiety syndromes, somatisation and clinical depressions. The
general idea is that anxiety disorders, depressive episodes, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
People with mild depressive episodes find it difficult to continue with their work and social lives,
but usually continue to function, although less than normal. Moderate depressive episodes have a
wider range of symptoms, which are present usually to a greater degree. Sufferers find it very
difficult to function normally at work or home.
Severe depressive episodes typically may also include features such as:
·Great distress and agitation,
·Slowed thought and movement (psychomotor retardation),
·Ideas of guilt,
·Suicidal fantasies or plans which may be acted upon,
·Pronounced somatic symptoms,
·Psychotic symptoms.
People with severe depressive episodes find it impossible to continue with their work, domestic and
social lives, and usually cease to function in these areas.
Depression is often accompanied by slowing of thought processes and biological features of
everyday life which differ from a normal sense of sadness. Crying is a frequent symptom, although
some individuals are reluctant to admit this, and others feel so depressed it that is as if they have
'gone beyond crying'.
Suicidal ideas occur in most depressed people, and asking about these is a crucial aspect of their
assessment. Depressed patients often find it a relief to talk about these ideas with their doctor.
Asking about suicidal ideas is a sequential process,

Summative Case Study In Nursing
Introduction:
This summative case–study will endeavour to apply the core principles of Behavioural Activation
(BA) to a patient from practice experiencing a major depressive episode. For the purpose of this
assignment, the patient will be referred to under the pseudonym of 'Jordan'. Jordan's personal
information has been removed or altered to ensure that his confidentiality is respected in accordance
with the Nursing and Midwifery Council; Code of Conduct (2015) which outlines the importance of
respecting a patients' right to privacy and confidentiality (NMC, 2015). This summative case–study
will present a structured formulation of Jordan's problems to which he presented to the Emergency
Department Psychiatric Service and his ongoing care he received in a community setting. It will also
describe and clarify the justification for the application of BA, which has arisen directly from
Jordan's formulation. In addition, this summative case–study will apply knowledge, theory and
literature that describes and validates the approach used to measure Jordan's progress in his journey
to recovery.
Case study
Jordan is a 36–year–old man with a diagnosis of depression. Depression is a broad diagnosis which
the ICD–10 classification system requires the patient to present with at least four out of the ten
depressive symptoms to be formally diagnosed (NICE 2009, World Health Organisation 2010). For
a formal diagnosis of depression, the DSM–V system requires five or more of the nine possible

Association Between Insecure Parental Attachment And...
Association Between Insecure Parental Attachment and Depression: Adolescence and Young Adults
with and without Siblings Nearly 4 in 10 children in the United States lack strong parental
attachments (Huber, 2014). Individuals who suffer from a lack strong parental attachment are more
likely to suffer from poverty, family instability, stress and depression (Huber, 2014). It is possible
that those who suffer from insecure parental attachment within their family are more likely to suffer
from higher levels of depression if they do not have any siblings than those who do. Depression and
Insecure Parental Attachment Depression is a disorder that is a very prevalent disorder amongst the
United States population as a whole. This disorder can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
From the start of childbirth, children depend on their parent(s) or caregiver(s) to take care of their
needs in life (Rodrigue & Reeves, 2015). Four types of attachment to focus on are: secure
attachment, insecure–resistant attachment, insecure–avoidant attachment, and insecure–disorganized
attachment. Secure attachment refers to when the parent(s) or caregiver(s) are present in the child's
life. Children feel comfortable about being independent to an extent and will interact with new and
familiar things on their own in the presence of their caregiver. Separation may cause distress, due to
the dependence and attachment to the caregiver. Insecure–avoidant the child does not rely on the
care giver for safety and will be precociously independent. They also do relatively well with the
caregiver being non present and opened to interacting with strangers. Insecure–resistant attachment
the caregiver has the child more focused on their presence and will avoid new experiences even if
the caregiver is present. If separation occurs, they become distress and do not cope well even after
their return. Finally, insecure–disorganized attachment children show more disoriented or strange
behaviors. They will wander with no purpose and show engagement in any activity while being
distressed and confused about what they should do or how to interact with or around the

Major Depressive Disorder : Specific Symptoms Across...
Major Depressive Disorder: Specific Symptoms Across Adjacent Episodes in Adolescents Past
research has sought to establish set features of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents.
However, it has remained unclear as to how to compare different variables regarding adolescents
due to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Many in the medical field
believed that depressive disorders did not exist in adolescents and that the DSM needed to be
updated to better suit the society of today. Prior to the 1970s, depression in adolescents was not well
researched. The Oregon Adolescent Depression Project (OADP) is one of few studies to provide
early data regarding depression in adolescence. The Synoptic Expression of Major Depressive
Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults is a updated article that refutes past medical viewpoints
that adolescents cannot suffer from depressive disorders. The original goal of this study was to
determine the magnitude of the concordance for specific symptoms across episodes. On the basis of
past empirical work however, researchers expected that across–episode symptom stability would be
low. The purpose of the present study was to compare the symptomatic nature of MDD among
adolescents and young adults and to examine the stability of specific symptoms across episodes. In
addition, researchers examined different expressions of depressive symptoms between genders. The
event of individual symptoms will not

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