Dialysis:- Introduction * Definition * Indications *Types *Complications * Nursing role

1. DIALYSIS

3. DIALYSIS: INTRODUCTION
DIALYSISIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS ARTIFICIAL KIDNEYS. IT IS A
WAY TO CLEAN WASTE PRODUCTS THAT ARE PRESENT IN THE
BLOOD.
DEFINITION: DIALYSIS REFERS TO THE MOVEMENT OF FLUIDS
FROM ONE COMPARTMENT TO THE OTHER.IT IS THE
PROCESS TO REMOVE NITROGENOUS WASTE FROM THE
BODY WHEN THE KIDNEYS ARE UNABLE TO DO.

4. INDICATIONS
1)URINARY RETENTION
2) ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
3) CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
4) ACID BASE IMBALANCE
5) ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
6)FLUIDS OVERLOAD.

5. PRINCIPLES OF DIALYSIS:
1.OSMOSIS 2.DIFFUSION
3. ULTRAFILTRATION

6. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DIALYSIS
1).PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: IN THIS TYPE OF DIALYSIS THE HYPERGYLCEMIC SOLUTION IS
INFUSED INTO THE PERITONIUM CAVITY BECAUSE THE RICH BLOOD SUPPLY IS PRESENT
THERE.
SOLUTION: THE HYPERGYLCEMIC SOLUTION INCLUDES INSULIN SO THAT IT PREVENTS
HYPERGLYCEMIA, HEPARIN FOR COAGULATION , AND ANTIBIOTIC FOR INFECTION.
PROCEDURE: THE TECONCUFF IS INSERTED 3-5 BELOW THE UMBILICUS AND IT TAKES 21
DAYS TO MATURE AND IT TAKES 1 TO 4 HOURS FOR COMPLETE PROCESS.
1.FILLING TIME: WHEN THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTION IS FILLED INTO THE PERITONIAL
CAVITY.IT TAKES 20 MIN.
2. DWELL TIME: IN THIS THE SOLUTION IS KEPT FOR SOME TIME . IT TAKES 2-8 HRS AND
CAN ALSO VARY.
3.DRAINAGE TIME : IN THIS NOW THE SOL. IS DRAINED OUT AN DIS COMPLETED IN 10-30
MIN.
COMPLICATIONS: PERITONITIS , PAIN ETC.

7. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

8. This Photo by Unknown Author is license

9. 2). HAEMODIALYSIS
: IT IS AN EMERGENCY PROCEDURE AND IT REQUIRES
HEMODIALYSIS MACHINE.
IN THIS C-LINE ,FEMORAL VEIN ,JUGLAR VEIN AND SUB
CLAVIAN VEIN IS USED.
THROUGH ARTERY THE BLOOD MOVES INTO THE MACHINE
AND THROUGH VEIN THE CLEAR BLOOD COMES INTO THE
BODY.
AT A TIME 200-300ML/MIN BLOOD PASSES.
IT TAKES ABOUT 2-4 HRS FOR COMPLETE PROCEDURE

10. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

11. 1.) AV FISTULA
FISTULA MEANS CONNECTION .
IN AV FISTULA CONNECTION IS CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
RADIAL ARTEY AND CEPLALIC VEIN.
THE CONNECTION IS MATURED IN 5-6 WEEKS.

12. 2.)AV GRAFT
IT IS MADE USUALLY THOSE WHO DOES NOT
HAVE ADEQUATE BLOOD SUPPLY FOR CREATING
FISTULA LIKE IN CHILDREN.
SURGICALLY ANATMOSIS IS DONE AND ARTIFICIAL
GRAFT IS USED TO MAKE A CONECTION BETWEEN
ARTERY AND VEIN.

13. 3.)CV LINE
THE NEEDLES ARE PLACED IN THE C-LINE.
ERYTHROPOITEIN IS GIVEN TO THE PATIENT TO
PREVENT ANEMIA.

14. COMPLICATIONS :
CHEST PAIN
NAUSEA
VOMITING
INFECTION
HEART FAILURE

15. NURSING ROLE:
MONITOR THE VITAL SIGNS OF THE PATIENT.
CHECK HB OF THE PATIENT.
EDUCATE THE PATIENT.
CHECK FOR INFECTION.

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