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Fertility Measures & Concepts
Complexities of Fertility Analysis
• 2 of opposite sex Involves for Fertility
• Risk is not universal in both the Partners
• Infertility
• Obesity
• Age Factor
Crude Birth Rate
CBR =
Births in the period 0 to T
Person-yrs lived 0 to T
(mid-year population)
General Fertility Rate
• The GFR is also often multiplied by 1,000
and expressed per 1,000 in the population
GFR =
Births in the period 0 to T
Person-yrs lived 0 to T
by women ages 15-50
(mid-year population)
Age-Specific Fertility Rates
ASFR =
Births in the period 0 to T to women aged x to x+n
Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women aged x to x+n
Reproduction Measures
• Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)
– The number of female births an average woman
would have if she lived through the end of her
reproductive span.
• Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)
– The average number of daughters that female
members of a birth cohort would bear during their
reproductive life span if they were subject to the
observed age-specific maternity rates and mortality
rates through their lifetimes.
– NRR=1 equals exact replacement fertility
Proximate Determinants of Fertility
• Marriage & Marital Disruption
• Sterility
• Postpartum Infecundability
• Fecundability
• Spontaneous Intrauterine Mortality
• Contraception
• Induced Abortion

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Fertility Measures

  • 2. Complexities of Fertility Analysis • 2 of opposite sex Involves for Fertility • Risk is not universal in both the Partners • Infertility • Obesity • Age Factor
  • 3. Crude Birth Rate CBR = Births in the period 0 to T Person-yrs lived 0 to T (mid-year population)
  • 4. General Fertility Rate • The GFR is also often multiplied by 1,000 and expressed per 1,000 in the population GFR = Births in the period 0 to T Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women ages 15-50 (mid-year population)
  • 5. Age-Specific Fertility Rates ASFR = Births in the period 0 to T to women aged x to x+n Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women aged x to x+n
  • 6. Reproduction Measures • Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) – The number of female births an average woman would have if she lived through the end of her reproductive span. • Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) – The average number of daughters that female members of a birth cohort would bear during their reproductive life span if they were subject to the observed age-specific maternity rates and mortality rates through their lifetimes. – NRR=1 equals exact replacement fertility
  • 7. Proximate Determinants of Fertility • Marriage & Marital Disruption • Sterility • Postpartum Infecundability • Fecundability • Spontaneous Intrauterine Mortality • Contraception • Induced Abortion